WO2013126400A1 - Procédé et système pour caractériser une propriété d'une formation terrestre - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour caractériser une propriété d'une formation terrestre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013126400A1
WO2013126400A1 PCT/US2013/026850 US2013026850W WO2013126400A1 WO 2013126400 A1 WO2013126400 A1 WO 2013126400A1 US 2013026850 W US2013026850 W US 2013026850W WO 2013126400 A1 WO2013126400 A1 WO 2013126400A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nmr data
nmr
property
data
compressed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/026850
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English (en)
Inventor
Holger TIETJEN
Mouin Hamdan
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Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Incorporated filed Critical Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority to GB1416568.2A priority Critical patent/GB2515219A/en
Publication of WO2013126400A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013126400A1/fr
Priority to NO20141055A priority patent/NO20141055A1/no

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/32—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/14—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/34—Transmitting data to recording or processing apparatus; Recording data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems

Definitions

  • Geologic formations are used for many purposes such as hydrocarbon production, geothermal production and carbon dioxide sequestration. In general, formations are characterized in order to determine whether the formations are suitable for their intended purpose.
  • One way to characterize a formation is to convey a downhole tool through a borehole penetrating the formation.
  • the tool is configured to perform measurements of one or more properties of the formation at various depths in the borehole to create a measurement log.
  • Many types of logs can be used to characterize a formation.
  • One type of downhole tool that can determine various properties of a formation is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool.
  • NMR tools may generate a static magnetic field in a sensitive volume surrounding the wellbore or may use the earth's magnetic field rather than generating a magnetic field.
  • NMR is based on the fact that the nuclei of many elements have angular momentum (spin) and a magnetic moment.
  • the nuclei have a characteristic Larmor resonant frequency related to the magnitude of the magnetic field in their locality. Over time the nuclear spins align themselves in part along an externally applied magnetic field, resulting in an equilibrium macroscopic nuclear magnetization. This equilibrium situation can be disturbed by a pulse of a magnetic field oscillating at the Larmor frequency, which tips the magnetization within the bandwidth of the oscillating magnetic field away from the static field direction.
  • the magnetization After tipping, the magnetization precesses around the static field at a particular frequency known as the Larmor frequency. At the same time, the magnetization returns to the equilibrium direction (i.e., aligned with the static field) according to a characteristic relaxation time known as the spin- lattice relaxation time or Ti .
  • T 2 * is mainly due to the non-uniformity of the static magnetic field.
  • T 2 * is often so short that the NMR signal that forms right after the tipping pulse is undetectable.
  • the standard pulse echo sequence for doing this is the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence.
  • the decay of the amplitudes of the spin echoes occurs with the spin-spin relaxation time T 2 and is due to properties of the material.
  • a CPMG consists of one excitation pulse followed by a plurality of refocusing pulses, with the decaying NMR echoes forming between the refocusing pulses.
  • the NMR tool includes a receiving coil designed so that a voltage is induced by the precessing spins. Only that component of the nuclear magnetization that is precessing in the plane perpendicular to the static field is sensed by the coil. Signals received by the receiving coil are referred to as NMR signals and these signals are used to determine properties of the formation in the sensitive volume. NMR signals at the present time are used to determine porosity, hydrocarbon saturation, and permeability of rock formations.
  • the NMR signals can be telemetered to the surface for processing to determine the formation properties of interest.
  • mud pulse telemetry involves pulsing the mud used in the drilling process to convey the NMR signal information.
  • One challenge presented by downhole telemetry systems, like mud pulse telemetry, is the limited bandwidth.
  • compression of data downhole and subsequent decompression of the data at the surface are integral to formation characterization via tools like the NMR tools, and improved telemetering methods would be appreciated in the drilling industry.
  • a method of characterizing a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes conveying a carrier through the borehole; performing an NMR measurement with an NMR tool disposed at the carrier and obtaining NMR data; compressing the NMR data to generate compressed NMR data;
  • telemetering the compressed NMR data to a surface processor for processing; decompressing the compressed NMR data directly to Tl or T2 domain distribution data; and determining the property of the earth formation based on the Tl or T2 domain distribution data.
  • a system to characterize a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes an NMR tool disposed in the borehole and configured to perform an NMR measurement to obtain NMR data; a first processor configured to compress the NMR data to generate compressed NMR data; and a second processor disposed at an uphole location, the second processor configured to receive the compressed NMR data and decompress the compressed NMR data directly to Ti or T 2 domain distribution data.
  • a computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions which, when processed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method of characterizing a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole.
  • the method includes receiving compressed NMR data generated by compressing NMR data obtained by an NMR tool disposed at a carrier conveyed through the borehole; decompressing the compressed NMR data directly to Ti or T 2 domain distribution data according to :
  • Com Pi xm x Sco res h m x x Scores ⁇ ) '1 A lxk x / ⁇
  • Comp is the compressed NMR data
  • A represents the Ti or T 2 domain distribution data
  • I is an identity matrix
  • Scores are scale vectors of each Principle Component, based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA), of a matrix that spans all single component decays in an echo train space of the NMR data; and determining the property of the earth formation based on the Ti or T 2 domain distribution data.
  • PCA Principle Component Analysis
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool disposed in a borehole penetrating the earth, which includes an earth formation;
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the processes 200 included in acquiring and processing NMR data according to the prior art
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the processes 300 included in acquiring and processing NMR data according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary T 2 domain distribution data, recovered by direct decompression according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary Ti domain distribution data, recovered by direct decompression according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool 10 disposed in a borehole 2 penetrating the earth 3, which includes an earth formation 4.
  • the formation 4 represents any subsurface material of interest.
  • the NMR tool 10 is conveyed through the borehole 2 by a carrier 5.
  • the carrier 5 is a drill string 6 in an embodiment known as logging- while-drilling (LWD).
  • LWD logging- while-drilling
  • a drilling rig 8 is configured to conduct drilling operations such as rotating the drill string 6 and thus the drill bit 7 in order to drill the borehole 2.
  • the drilling rig 8 is configured to pump drilling fluid through the drill string 6 in order to lubricate the drill bit 7 and flush cuttings from the borehole 2.
  • a stabilizer 13 may be used to limit lateral movement of the NMR tool 10 in the borehole 2.
  • Downhole electronics 9 are configured to operate the NMR tool 10 and/or process measurements or data received from the tool 10. Telemetry is used to provide communications between the NMR tool 10 and a computer processing system 1 1 disposed at the surface of the earth 3. NMR data processing or operations can also be performed by the computer processing system 1 1 in addition to or in lieu of the downhole electronics 9. As noted above, this telemetry, by mud pulse, for example, may present a challenge by providing limited bandwidth.
  • the NMR tool 10 includes NMR components configured to perform NMR measurements on a sensitive volume 12 in the formation 4.
  • the sensitive volume 12 has a generally toroidal shape surrounding the borehole 2.
  • the NMR components include an arrangement of magnets 14 that is configured to generate a static magnetic field having a decreasing field strength or magnitude with increasing radial distance from the NMR tool in the sensitive volume 12.
  • a radio frequency (RF) coil 15 or antenna is used to produce pulsed RF fields substantially orthogonal to the static field in the sensitive volume 12.
  • the nuclear spins in the sensitive volume 12 align themselves partly along the static magnetic field, applied by the magnets 14, forming a macroscopic nuclear magnetization.
  • a pulsed RF field is applied to tip the nuclear magnetization into the transverse plane, resulting in a precession of the magnetization.
  • Such a tipping pulse is followed by a series of refocusing pulses and the resulting series of pulse echoes (also referred to as an echo train, spin echoes, or NMR signals) is detected by a receiver coil 16 or antenna.
  • the pulse sequences may be in the form of a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence or, alternatively, an optimized rephasing pulse sequence (ORPS).
  • CPMG Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill
  • ORPS is similar to CPMG but the pulse widths are optimized for the actual field distributions of the static and alternating fields.
  • the alternative sequence may be used to maximize signal and minimize RF power consumption.
  • the NMR signals include a longitudinal relaxation time constant (referred to as Ti) and a transverse relaxation time constant (referred to as T 2 ).
  • the term "relaxation" relates to the nuclear magnetization precessing towards equilibrium.
  • the NMR signals (echo train) are compressed prior to being telemetered to the surface for processing by the computer processing system 11.
  • the compression process is detailed below.
  • the compressed echo train was decompressed to recover the echo train sequence and then inverted into the Ti or T 2 domain distribution in order to obtain the formation characteristic of interest.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide for decompressing directly into the Ti or T 2 domain distributions, as also detailed below.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the processes 200 included in acquiring and processing NMR data according to the prior art.
  • the processes include conveying a carrier 5 through a borehole at 210, performing an NMR measurement with an NMR tool 10 disposed at the carrier 5 and obtaining NMR data at 220.
  • the NMR data is an echo train sequence
  • the processes include compressing the NMR data to generate compressed NMR data at 230.
  • the compressed echo train sequence may then be telemetered to an uphole location for processing.
  • the term uphole relates to a location at or above the earth's surface or in the borehole at a location closer to the earth's surface.
  • the decompressing process includes decompressing the compressed NMR data to recover an echo train sequence as a first step, and inverting the recovered echo train sequence to obtain Ti or T2 domain distribution data at 250.
  • the multiple steps are needed for determining a property of an earth formation 4 from the Ti or T 2 domain distribution data at 260.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the processes 300 included in acquiring and processing NMR data according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the processes include conveying a carrier 5 through a borehole at 310.
  • the NMR tool 10 is disposed at the carrier 5, and the processes include performing an NMR measurement with an NMR tool 10 disposed at the carrier 5 and obtaining NMR data at 320.
  • the NMR data obtained at 320 may be T l s T 2 , and/or an echo train sequence.
  • the processes include compressing the NMR data to generate compressed NMR data, as detailed below.
  • the processes include decompressing the compressed NMR data directly to Ti or T 2 domain distribution data at 340, and, at 350, determining a property of an earth formation 4 from the Ti or T 2 domain distribution data.
  • the processes 340 and 350 may be performed uphole based on telemetering the compressed NMR data.
  • decompression at 340 is done instead of decompressing to recover the echo train or a Ti buildup sequence and then inverting to obtain Ti or T 2 domain distribution data, respectively, as in 240 and 250 of the prior art FIG. 2.
  • the compression and decompression algorithms processed using one or more memory devices and one or more processors of the downhole electronics 9 and the computer processing system 1 1 are detailed below.
  • NMR signals, compression, and decompression are now detailed. Direct decompression into the T 2 domain distribution is detailed first and is followed by details related to direct decompression into the Ti domain. NMR relaxation of fluids in rocks exhibits multi-exponential behavior, which can be expressed in a discrete model as follows:
  • T 2 will have a length of 64 bins that are scaled by the T 2 distribution.
  • 64x1000 Scores 64x64 x Loads 64x1000 [EQ 3]
  • the scores Scores; 1 is a linear
  • ⁇ i iooo 4 64 x Scores 64 64 x Loads 64 l000
  • M lxl000 C ° m P 1x64 X Loads 64x1000 [EQ 6]
  • iooox64 Comp lx64 x Loads 64xl000 x Loads 7 iooox64
  • EQ 8 indicates that an echo train of 1000 points can be compressed into 64 points without losing any information. However, an analysis of PCA indicates that, beyond component 6, there is almost zero percent of variance left. This is shown at Table 1 :
  • ⁇ ixiooo Com P 1 5 * Loads 5 l000 [EQ 11] or, for high resolution:
  • EQ 9 and EQ 10 indicate that providing a reduced form of the Loads matrix allows compression of an echo train of length 1000. Further, with an echo train of length N, a Loads matrix needs to be created as a 5xN into 1x5 matrix for low resolution and as a 6xN into 1x6 matrix for high resolution. Additionally, EQ 11 and EQ 12 indicate that the echo train could be recovered using the same model and the corresponding compression.
  • EQ 9 is used to perform compression downhole when low resolution is selected, and EQ 10 is used when high resolution is selected. Because the forward matrix F is dependent on t and T 3 ⁇ 4 a multitude of F matrices could be used for different t and T 2 binning. That is, a different F matrix must be used if the NMR signal is acquired using a different number of T 2 bins or a different t. In the prior art, once the NMR signal is compressed, EQ 11 and EQ 12 would be used to recover the echo train from the compressed data with reduced dimension. Generally, noise accounts for higher dimensions.
  • the compressed echo train can be used to decompress directl into T 2 .
  • generalizing EQ 5 to:
  • A (where each A value is proportional to the proton population of pores with corresponding relaxation times T 2 ) can be recovered directly from the compressed echo train by knowing only the Scores matrix and using the identity matrix I:
  • EQ 13 could be used to compress it and EQ 14 could be used to decompress T 2 directly.
  • EQ 1 1 could instead be used to decompress the compressed T 2 distribution (using EQ 13) to recover the echo train sequence.
  • a j is proportional to the proton population of pores which have a
  • M(t) is the resultant build up (build up of longitudinal magnetization associated with longitudinal relaxation Ti) in continuous time, and M is the discretized version of M(t). All possible build up rates with single exponential decay constant are mapped into a matrix F.
  • PCA Principal Component Analysis
  • the F matrix is decomposed into 2 matrices:
  • the scores Scores; 1 is a linear combination of F defined by Loads;. That is, Scores; is the projection of F on Loads;.
  • M lx30 C ° m P 1x29 X L ° ads 29x30 [EQ 20]
  • EQ 23 and EQ 24 indicate that, providing a reduced form of the Loads matrix, the Tl build up of length 30 can be compressed. Further, given a build up of length N, a Loads matrix needs to be created as a 5xN into 1x5 matrix for low resolution and as a 6xN into 1x6 matrix for high resolution.
  • EQ 25 and EQ 26 indicate that the build up can be recovered by using the same model and the corresponding compression.
  • EQ 13 and EQ 14, discussed above with regard to decompression directly into T 2 are applicable, as well, to ⁇ ⁇ .
  • each A value being proportional to the proton population of pores which have a longitudinal relaxation time of T l s EQ 13 can be used to compress Ti build up data downhole and, by knowing only the Scores matrix and using the identity matrix I, EQ 14 can be used to decompress compressed echo train or Ti build up data into a T 2 or Ti distribution, respectively, without the need to decompress into an echo train or a build up trace first and then invert to get the corresponding distribution.
  • the direct decompression into Ti or T 2 domain distribution decreases processing time to determine the property based on the NMR data.
  • the prior art inversion step (to determine T 2 or Ti distribution) requires exhaustive memory capacity and CPU execution time.
  • compression requires only matrix multiplication, which current digital signal processing (DSP) software, memory, and processor systems execute as a multiply accumulate and round in a single processor instruction of one cycle.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • compression (which may take approximately 150 ms, for example) followed by direct decompression into the Ti or T 2 domain distribution (without additional inversion) saves significant memory and execution time.
  • the compression itself allows NMR signals to be conveyed in real time, even with a slow transmission rate technique, such as mud pulsing, for example.
  • decompression into the Ti or T 2 domain distribution data allows real-time imaging and then determination of the lithology of the formation in real time without reverting to inversion.
  • the real time reconstruction may be done while drilling or while logging.
  • the determination of lithology may include, for example, integration of distribution data up to a predefined T 2 or Ti cutoff (e.g., 3.3 millisecond (ms)).
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 illustrate exemplary T 2 and Ti domain distribution data, respectively, recovered by direct decompression according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the recovered T 2 distribution based on direct decompression is essentially a perfect match for the original T 2 distribution that may have been compressed downhole.
  • FIG. 5 shows, the recovered Ti distribution based on direct decompression is nearly a perfect match for the original Ti distribution associated with the compressed NMR signal downhole.
  • various analysis components may be used, including a digital and/or an analog system.
  • the downhole electronics 9 or the computer processing system 1 1 may include the digital and/or analog system.
  • Each system may have components such as a processor, storage media, memory, input, output, communications link (wired, wireless, pulsed mud, optical or other), user interfaces, software programs, signal processors (digital or analog) and other such components (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and others) to provide for operation and analyses of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein in any of several manners well-appreciated in the art.
  • a power supply e.g., at least one of a generator, a remote supply and a battery
  • cooling component heating component
  • magnet, electromagnet, sensor, electrode, transmitter, receiver, transceiver, antenna controller
  • optical unit, electrical unit or electromechanical unit may be included in support of the various aspects discussed herein or in support of other functions beyond this disclosure.
  • carrier means any device, device component, combination of devices, media and/or member that may be used to convey, house, support or otherwise facilitate the use of another device, device component, combination of devices, media and/or member.
  • Other exemplary non-limiting carriers include drill strings of the coiled tube type, of the jointed pipe type and any combination or portion thereof.
  • Other carrier examples include casing pipes, wirelines, wireline sondes, slickline sondes, drop shots, bottom-hole-assemblies, drill string inserts, modules, internal housings and substrate portions thereof.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant de caractériser une propriété d'une formation terrestre pénétrée par un trou de forage. Ce procédé consiste à transporter un support dans le trou de forage. Le procédé concerne également la réalisation d'une mesure de résonance magnétique nucléaire avec un outil RMN disposé sur le support et l'obtention de données de RMN, la compression des données RMN pour générer des données RMN comprimées, et la télémesure des données RMN comprimées à une surface processeur pour traitement. Le procédé comprend en outre la décompression des données de RMN comprimées directement sur les données de domaine de distribution T1 ou T2 et la détermination d'une propriété d'une formation terrestre à partir des données de domaine de distribution T1 ou T2.
PCT/US2013/026850 2012-02-22 2013-02-20 Procédé et système pour caractériser une propriété d'une formation terrestre WO2013126400A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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GB1416568.2A GB2515219A (en) 2012-02-22 2013-02-20 Method and system to characterize a property of an earth formation
NO20141055A NO20141055A1 (no) 2012-02-22 2014-09-01 Fremgangsmåte og system for å karakterisere en egenskap til en jordformasjon

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US201261601721P 2012-02-22 2012-02-22
US61/601,721 2012-02-22

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US20160061986A1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Formation Property Characteristic Determination Methods
US10359532B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2019-07-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods to characterize formation properties
US20160170066A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Probability Distribution Based Logging Tool Data Compression
WO2017180123A1 (fr) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Appareil et procédé pour obtenir une distribution t2
US10209391B2 (en) 2016-08-23 2019-02-19 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Simultaneous inversion of NMR multiple echo trains and conventional logs
US11947069B2 (en) * 2018-05-15 2024-04-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Adaptive downhole acquisition system
CN112930427B (zh) 2018-09-28 2024-03-19 斯伦贝谢技术有限公司 弹性自适应井下采集系统
US11092006B2 (en) * 2018-11-06 2021-08-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Subsurface measurement compression and reconstruction
US11480052B2 (en) 2018-11-06 2022-10-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dictionary generation for downhole signal compression
WO2020096571A1 (fr) 2018-11-06 2020-05-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Compression de signal de fond de trou et reconstruction de surface
US11175430B1 (en) 2020-05-19 2021-11-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Processing nuclear magnetic resonance signals in a downhole environment

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US20060276969A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pore-scale geometric models for interpretation of downhole formation evaluation data
US20080284433A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Los Alamos National Security Ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging to discriminate and identify materials
US20090174402A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Joint Compression of Multiple Echo Trains Using Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis
US20090292473A1 (en) * 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Real-Time NMR Distribution While Drilling

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GB201416568D0 (en) 2014-11-05

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