WO2013122445A1

WO2013122445A1 - Method for internally cooling an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2013122445A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2013/000002
Authority: WO
Inventors: Борис Васильевич КРУТСКИХ
Original assignee: Krutskikh Boris Vasilevich
Priority date: 2012-02-17
Filing date: 2013-02-14
Publication date: 2013-08-22

Abstract

The invention relates to engine construction. The method involves providing the combustion chamber with a high pressure pump, a nozzle for injecting water into the combustion chamber, and a temperature sensor, and converting a signal from the sensor into a signal for the nozzle to inject water at the moment when or at the site where the combustion of the fuel and air mixture ends in order to maintain a given temperature range in the combustion chamber. The invention provides more efficient and reliable engine cooling.

Description

Description of the invention

"Method of internal cooling of the internal combustion engine"

The field of technology.

The invention relates to means for cooling internal combustion engines

(hereinafter ICE) and can be used to improve the efficiency and reliability of ICE cooling and its operation.

The prior art.

Known cooling methods are air, liquid, and mixed (Wikipedia). In the air method, heat is transferred to the atmosphere through a radiator on a cylinder in a piston engine or by passing air in gas turbine engines. In liquid, water passes through the channels in the engine, receives heat and carries it to the external environment. This method is usually used in water transport. In the mixed method, the liquid is not discharged into the environment, but is cooled in a separate air cooler.

A disadvantage of the known solutions are:

1. cooling is insufficient directly in the combustion chamber (hereinafter referred to as KS), therefore, heat-resistant materials for cylinder parts or turbines are required.

2. the need for additional devices - radiator, pump, fan, refrigerant, thermostat, expansion tank, cooling channels in the engine and pipelines. All this increases the weight, dimensions, energy consumption, cost, and extensive radiators increase the aerodynamic drag of vehicles.

3. not high reliability due to the fact that the cooling system is performed for the engine as a whole (general fan, radiator, thermostat and temperature sensor).

There is no way to control cooling individually for each compressor in the engine. Therefore, there are cases of overheating and destruction of motor parts due to local malfunctions.

Another method of cooling the engine in execution is known for

use only on piston engines. (Popular Mechanics June 2008). This is the injection of water into the intake manifold with the subsequent supply together with the combustible mixture to the compressor station. The method was used on some combat aircraft of the second world war and partially on cars. The main goal was to cool the combustible mixture in the CS to prevent detonation and the ability to increase power. This method is ineffective for proper engine cooling, because it is impossible to supply a sufficient amount of water with the fuel mixture. Typically, water does not exceed 25% of the fuel. A larger amount prevents the full combustion of the fuel mixture. Therefore, this method is used in parallel with the above methods.

Closest to this work, in fact, is the six-stroke ICE of Bruce Crower. (Popular Mechanics June 2008). Bruce Crower decided that in the concept of four measures, Otto lacks two more measures - cooling and idle. In the Crower engine, water is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of tiny droplets under a pressure of about 1 50 atm. When the fourth cycle of the Otto cycle ends and the piston returns to its original position. Getting on the hot surface of the piston and cylinder liner, the water turns into steam and pushes the piston down, making a working fifth cycle. At the sixth cycle, the exhaust steam is removed from the combustion chamber through an exhaust valve. Thus, Crower forces the already burnt fuel to perform useful work once again, using its “thermal phantom”. The inventor named Steam-o-Lene this concept. At the fourth stroke, the hot exhaust gases are not completely removed from the combustion chamber, but are compressed by the piston, creating a very high pressure. Water in such an environment evaporates faster and more evenly.

The advantage of this method is the possibility of a complete transition to internal cooling and getting rid of the traditional system.

There are a number of disadvantages.

one . for the appearance of 5 and 6 cycles, changes in the design of the motor (camshafts) are necessary

2. The motor during 3 working cycles overheats and cools during 5 cycles. The unevenness of the temperature regime increases, which increases the wear of parts.

3. This method is applicable only for piston, cylinder

four stroke engines

5. There is no continuous monitoring and adjustment of the thermal regime in automatic mode.

6. Steam-o-Lene cannot work fully immediately after launch - it needs time to warm up the working surfaces of the combustion chamber to 450-500 ° C. For a few minutes it works like a regular 4-stroke internal combustion engine, and then switches to full work cycle. Before stopping, the motor must also run for a while in 4-stroke mode to completely remove steam from the cylinder.

7. For the fifth cooling cycle, only part of the hot exhaust gases remains in the cylinder, and the rest are released into the environment and take away a lot of heat.

Disclosure of the invention.

The objective of the invention is a cooling method applicable for any type of ICE with a minimum of changes in design, details and built-in automatic adjustment of the thermal regime individually in each combustion chamber of the engine, without changing the operating modes of the motor.

This problem is solved by the fact that liquid injection nozzles and a temperature sensor are installed in the combustion chamber, the signal from which is converted into control commands for the operation of the nozzles, a liquid tank and a high pressure pump for supplying liquids to the nozzles are also necessary.

The internal cooling method works as follows. When starting the engine and reaching the set temperature in the compressor station, liquids are injected by nozzles into the combustion chamber after each combustion cycle of the fuel mixture (or in the final part of the combustion zone, when used on gas turbine engines). Sprayed liquids will evaporate and cool the CS.

In addition, the additional volume of steam will perform useful mechanical work, increasing the power or efficiency of the motor. Thus, you can get the steam effect in the internal combustion engine.

Water has a high specific heat of vaporization and excellent

cooling properties. Liquid nitrogen during evaporation can do more useful mechanical work (cooling by increasing the efficiency of the motor). Therefore, in the internal cooling system it is possible to use

simultaneously several liquids with various properties. For example: water is sprayed along the walls of the COP and for the most part cools the metal, and the mixture

It is better to cool incandescent gases mainly with liquid nitrogen.

The amount of injection fluid is determined separately for each compressor according to the temperature sensors in the compressor. The temperature range in the compressor must be such that there is no overheating of the motor parts and there is no liquid phase in dangerous quantities for the engine. To determine the start time of injection on piston and rotary motors, the signals from the shaft position sensor, usually used in engines, or use the signals of the ignition system. To convert the control signals from the sensors into commands for the operation of the nozzle, you can usually use an existing computer, or install a separate converter of electrical signals.

For gasoline engines, the internal cooling method allows, in addition to the main cooling effect, to perform preliminary injection and cooling of the combustible mixture until ignition. This prevents detonation and allows to increase the filling and compression ratio of the mixture. Which in turn increases the efficiency of combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The relatively low temperature in the combustion chamber reduces the formation of harmful nitrogen dioxide. This is useful because the filtration and neutralization systems of nitrogen dioxide in modern cars are very expensive.

Distinctive features are:

- injection of liquid directly into the COP. The main cooling injection is made after the combustion of the fuel mixture. It regulates the temperature of the engine. In contrast to the analogue, internal cooling is used not in a separate cycle, but in each operating cycle of the engine and is additionally possible on the exhaust cycle.

- The system allows you to perform preliminary injection to ignite the gasoline fuel mixture individually in each COP. Its cooling prevents knocking and allows the use of gasoline with a lower octane rating.

- the amount of liquid for injection and cooling of each compressor is determined individually based on feedback according to temperature sensors. Therefore, for any local malfunctions and deviations from a given temperature range, you can automatically immediately turn off the fuel supply to a specific compressor station and avoid overheating of engine parts.

The best embodiment of the invention

In addition to the above steps, to install a spent steam condenser in the exhaust path to reduce fluid flow. Condensed liquid is sent to the injection through a filter. The residual heat is used to heat the passenger compartment and preheat the liquid before injection, in order to increase the useful work of the steam. The exhaust gases in the condenser will receive wet cleaning. Toxic gaseous and solid substances of combustion products,

dissolved in condensate can be filtered and disposed of. Industrial applicability

The practical application of the method is real in the production of any ICE.

This is especially easy for modern cars. It is enough to install a direct injection nozzle and a temperature sensor on each cylinder.

An engine control computer is currently on every vehicle. The liquid tank and the pump for its supply to the nozzles do not represent technical complexity.

Lowering the temperature of the exhaust gases is especially valuable for military aviation. Many weapon guidance systems use a thermal trail from engine emissions. The use of an internal cooling system increases flight safety.

The technical result is expressed in the fact that the "Method of internal cooling of the internal combustion engine" is applicable to all types of internal combustion engines, and does not require significant changes in the design of the motor. Provides controlled cooling of the engine in places of a source of heating and at that moment when further heating is not required. Allows you to increase the power, efficiency and environmental friendliness of the motor.

Claims

Claim

1. A method of internal cooling of an internal combustion engine comprising installing a high pressure pump and a nozzle for injecting water into a compressor, characterized by installing a temperature sensor in the compressor and converting the signal from it into a signal for injecting water with a nozzle into the compressor at the time or place of completion of the combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the amount necessary to maintain a given temperature range in the COP

2. The method according to p. 1 characterized in that a preliminary injection is carried out before igniting the fuel - air mixture to cool it, increase its mass and eliminate detonation.

3. The method according to claim 1. characterized in that in the exhaust tract of the engine

a condenser for exhaust steam and a filter for produced condensate are installed

one