WO2013121071A1 - Station for identification and measurement, in real time, of ambient gamma radiation by means of spectrometry with two flashing crystals - Google Patents

Station for identification and measurement, in real time, of ambient gamma radiation by means of spectrometry with two flashing crystals Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013121071A1
WO2013121071A1 PCT/ES2013/070093 ES2013070093W WO2013121071A1 WO 2013121071 A1 WO2013121071 A1 WO 2013121071A1 ES 2013070093 W ES2013070093 W ES 2013070093W WO 2013121071 A1 WO2013121071 A1 WO 2013121071A1
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Prior art keywords
crystal
station
measurement
gamma
identification
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PCT/ES2013/070093
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Miguel LOPEZ TORTOSA
Ramon CASANOVAS ALEGRE
Marçal SALVADOR ARTELLS
Original Assignee
Universitat Rovira I Virgili
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of WO2013121071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013121071A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
    • G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
    • G01T1/1648—Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for identifying radioactive isotopes in the environment and estimating their activity concentration.
  • the device is a station composed of various subsystems and incorporating inorganic scintillation detectors for performing gamma spectrometry.
  • the invention aims to alleviate the technical problems mentioned in the previous section. To do this, it proposes an identification and measurement station of the environmental gamma radioactivity by spectrometry with two probes they comprise scintillation crystals oriented in opposite directions. Thus, a first crystal is covered by a lead shield at its top (and side) and a second crystal is covered by another lead shield at the bottom (and side).
  • the station is also provided with a multichannel pulse analyzer, adapted to select the energies of the gamma particles detected to obtain the energy spectrum
  • the crystals are preferably Nal or LaBr 3 , but could be easily interchangeable with other types of scintillation crystals.
  • the station may be provided with a communications system for sending the data obtained. It also preferably comprises a system for generating warnings and storing / sending reports, an associated weather station and temperature probes associated with each crystal.
  • Figure 1 .- is a schematic representation of the station of the invention.
  • Figure 2.- shows a detail of the upper / lower and lateral lead shields.
  • the radioactivity measuring device with two lead screened gamma spectrometry probes allows to identify the gamma emitting radioactive isotopes present (either in the air or deposited on the ground) and quantify the concentration of gamma activity (with a prior estimate of the source term ) in real time for the different individual isotopes previously identified.
  • the combination of two detectors with shielding at 180 e as can be seen in Figure 1 makes it possible to distinguish between radiation of superior or inferior origin and avoid interference in the measurement.
  • the use of spectrometric gamma probes (Nal, LaBr 3 or others of equivalent functionality) provides also a large amount of information about the origin of said radiation. In general, volatile aerosols are found in the upper semiplane, while radioactive depositions and radon emanation are found in the lower detection zone.
  • probes 1 and 2 are placed on each side of the device axis and shielded one in its upper and lateral part and another in its lower and lateral part by two lead plates 3.
  • the probes are connected by connections 4 and may be surrounded by some insulating material, such as porexpan.
  • the assembly is preferably placed in a plastic housing or cover to protect it from adverse weather events.
  • the device can be placed at different heights (preferably 1 to 3 m) to capture the radiation coming from the ground of a significant area.
  • the device may also be provided with a meteorological station to correlate in real time the spectrometric data obtained with the meteorological conditions in which the measurement is obtained (rainfall, temperature, humidity, pressure, solar radiation speed and wind direction).
  • the fact of simultaneously having the meteorological data with the spectrometers makes it possible to estimate their effect on said measurement. For example: the radiological increases due to the effect of rain, the displacements of the spectrum with temperature, the evolution of the term radiation source (radioactive cloud or radon emanations) with wind, rain, atmospheric pressure, etc.
  • Program means facilitate local or remote control of the invention and the identification of the isotopes present and the quantification of their radiological activity.
  • Program means facilitate the stabilization of the spectra (from the values of the temperature probes in contact with each crystal or other stabilization systems).
  • a communications system can be incorporated for sending the measurements obtained at the station, as well as for sending notices and storing / sending reports about its operation and a remote access and control module via IP address to control , turn on, off and remotely restart the system.
  • the different subsystems that make up the device are controlled by a computer system locally or remotely.
  • This computer system is also responsible for carrying out data storage and transmission of information derived from them and for making graphical representations and calculations associated with the radiological measurements obtained by the station.
  • the pulse analyzer system is multichannel, and its main function is to select the energies of the gamma particles detected to obtain the energy spectrum. This information is obtained through the processing of the electrical impulses supplied by an amplifier by means of an analog-digital converter. The distribution of the pulse amplitudes allows the energy discrimination of the incident radiation. The system counts the number of repetitions in obtaining impulses of a certain amplitude, thus allowing the development of a histogram or energy spectrum. This histogram provides basic information that allows to calculate the total number of gamma particles with a certain energy detected during the time in which the measurement was made. In the system control electronics there are two multi-channel cards, one for each crystal.
  • the device can quantify (with an adequate estimate of the geometry of the source term) the concentration of surface activity (Bq / m 2 ) and / or volumetric (Bq / m 3 ) for each of the isotopes identified.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

Station for measuring radiation with two lead-screened gamma spectrometry detectors, allowing the identification of gamma-radioactive isotopes in the environment and real-time quantification of the gamma activity concentration in the case of individual isotopes. A first crystal (1) is covered with lead screening (3) in the upper and lateral part thereof and a second crystal (2) is covered by further lead screening (3) in the lower and lateral part thereof. The dual probe with screening makes it possible to distinguish between radiation originating from the upper or lower part and to prevent interference in the measurement.

Description

ESTACIÓN DE IDENTIFICACIÓN Y MEDIDA EN TIEMPO REAL DE LA RADIACTIVIDAD AMBIENTAL GAMMA, MEDIANTE ESPECTROMETRÍA CON  STATION OF IDENTIFICATION AND REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF GAMMA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY, BY SPECTROMETRY WITH
DOS CRISTALES DE CENTELLEO  TWO CRYSTALS OF CENTELLEO
D E S C R I P C I Ó N D E S C R I P C I Ó N
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo para identificar isótopos radioactivos en el ambiente y estimar su concentración de actividad. En particular, el dispositivo es una estación compuesta de diversos subsistemas y que incorpora detectores de centelleo inorgánicos para la realización de espectrometría gamma. The present invention relates to a device for identifying radioactive isotopes in the environment and estimating their activity concentration. In particular, the device is a station composed of various subsystems and incorporating inorganic scintillation detectors for performing gamma spectrometry.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Son conocidos en el estado de la técnica numerosos dispositivos para la detección de radiactividad mediante cristales de centelleo inorgánicos. Ejemplos de los mismos se pueden ver en las solicitudes de patente CN201662623 y US 3781562. En el primero se describe una sonda de LaBr3 que se usa para medir la radiación ambiental. En el segundo, un cristal de Nal es utilizado para medir radiación producida por efecto Móssbauer. El uso de detectores de centelleo, junto con una tarjeta multicanal, tiene la ventaja de que gracias a ellos se puede realizar un análisis espectrométrico de las radiaciones recibidas. Sin embargo, no existe hasta la fecha un aparato capaz de medir la radiación ambiental en tiempo real, discriminando la radiación procedente del suelo de la debida a partículas en suspensión y, por tanto, capaz de proporcionar información acerca del origen de dicha radiación (i.e, suelo o aire), lo que es muy necesario en la vigilancia radiológica ambiental alrededor de instalaciones nucleares. Numerous devices for the detection of radioactivity by inorganic scintillation crystals are known in the state of the art. Examples thereof can be seen in patent applications CN201662623 and US 3781562. The first describes a LaBr 3 probe that is used to measure environmental radiation. In the second, a Nal crystal is used to measure radiation produced by the Móssbauer effect. The use of scintillation detectors, together with a multi-channel card, has the advantage that thanks to them, a spectrometric analysis of the received radiation can be performed. However, to date there is no device capable of measuring environmental radiation in real time, discriminating radiation from the ground from due to suspended particles and, therefore, capable of providing information about the origin of such radiation (ie , soil or air), which is very necessary in environmental radiological surveillance around nuclear facilities.
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La invención tiene por objeto paliar los problemas técnicos citados en el apartado anterior. Para ello, propone una estación de identificación y medida de la radioactividad gamma ambiental mediante espectrometría con dos sondas que comprenden cristales de centelleo orientados en direcciones opuestas. Así, un primer cristal está cubierto por un apantallamiento de plomo en su parte superior (y lateral) y un segundo cristal está cubierto por otro apantallamiento de plomo en la parte inferior (y lateral). La estación está provista además de un analizador de impulsos de tipo multicanal, adaptado para seleccionar las energías de las partículas gamma detectadas para obtener el espectro energético The invention aims to alleviate the technical problems mentioned in the previous section. To do this, it proposes an identification and measurement station of the environmental gamma radioactivity by spectrometry with two probes they comprise scintillation crystals oriented in opposite directions. Thus, a first crystal is covered by a lead shield at its top (and side) and a second crystal is covered by another lead shield at the bottom (and side). The station is also provided with a multichannel pulse analyzer, adapted to select the energies of the gamma particles detected to obtain the energy spectrum
Los cristales son preferentemente de Nal o LaBr3, pero podrían ser fácilmente intercambiables con otros tipos de cristales de centelleo. Preferentemente, la estación puede estar provista de un sistema de comunicaciones para el envío de los datos obtenidos. También comprende preferentemente un sistema de generación de avisos y almacenamiento/envío de informes, una estación meteorológica asociada y sondas de temperatura asociadas a cada cristal. The crystals are preferably Nal or LaBr 3 , but could be easily interchangeable with other types of scintillation crystals. Preferably, the station may be provided with a communications system for sending the data obtained. It also preferably comprises a system for generating warnings and storing / sending reports, an associated weather station and temperature probes associated with each crystal.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña la siguiente descripción de un juego de dibujos donde con carácter ilustrativo se ha representado lo siguiente: In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention in accordance with a preferred example of practical realization thereof, the following description of a set of drawings is attached, where the following has been represented by way of illustration:
Figura 1 .- es una representación esquemática de la estación de la invención. Figure 1 .- is a schematic representation of the station of the invention.
Figura 2.- muestra un detalle de los apantallamientos superior/inferior y lateral de plomo.  Figure 2.- shows a detail of the upper / lower and lateral lead shields.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El equipo de medición de radiactividad con dos sondas de espectrometría gamma apantallada con plomo permite identificar los isótopos radioactivos emisores gamma presentes (ya sea en el aire o depositados en el suelo) y cuantificar la concentración de actividad gamma (con una previa estimación del término fuente) en tiempo real para los distintos isótopos individuales previamente identificados. La combinación de dos detectores con apantallamiento a 180e según se puede apreciar en la figura 1 hace posible distinguir entre la radiación de origen superior o inferior y evitar interferencias en la medida. El uso de las sondas gamma espectrométricas (Nal, LaBr3 u otras de funcionalidad equivalente) proporciona además gran cantidad de información acerca del origen de dicha radiación. En general, en el semiplano superior de detección se encuentran los aerosoles volátiles, mientras que en la zona inferior de detección se encuentran las deposiciones radiactivas y la emanación de radón. The radioactivity measuring device with two lead screened gamma spectrometry probes allows to identify the gamma emitting radioactive isotopes present (either in the air or deposited on the ground) and quantify the concentration of gamma activity (with a prior estimate of the source term ) in real time for the different individual isotopes previously identified. The combination of two detectors with shielding at 180 e as can be seen in Figure 1 makes it possible to distinguish between radiation of superior or inferior origin and avoid interference in the measurement. The use of spectrometric gamma probes (Nal, LaBr 3 or others of equivalent functionality) provides also a large amount of information about the origin of said radiation. In general, volatile aerosols are found in the upper semiplane, while radioactive depositions and radon emanation are found in the lower detection zone.
En referencia a la figura 1 , las sondas 1 y 2 están colocadas a cada lado del eje del dispositivo y apantalladas una en su parte superior y lateral y otra en su parte inferior y lateral por sendas placas de plomo 3. Las sondas están conectadas mediante las conexiones 4 y pueden estar rodeadas de algún material aislante, como porexpan. El conjunto se coloca preferentemente en una carcasa o cubierta plástica para protegerlo de fenómenos meteorológicos adversos. El dispositivo puede estar colocado a distintas alturas (preferentemente de 1 a 3 m) para captar la radiación proveniente del suelo de un área significativa. El dispositivo puede estar provisto además de una estación meteorológica para correlacionar en tiempo real los datos espectrométricos obtenidos con las condiciones meteorológicas en las que se obtiene la medida (pluviometría, temperatura, humedad, presión, radiación solar velocidad y dirección del viento). Así, el hecho de disponer simultáneamente de los datos meteorológicos con los espectrométricos permite estimar el efecto de los mismos sobre dicha medida. Por ejemplo: los incrementos radiológicos por el efecto de la lluvia, los desplazamientos del espectro con la temperatura, la evolución del término fuente de radiación (nube radiactiva o emanaciones de radón) con el viento, la lluvia, la presión atmosférica, etc. Referring to Figure 1, probes 1 and 2 are placed on each side of the device axis and shielded one in its upper and lateral part and another in its lower and lateral part by two lead plates 3. The probes are connected by connections 4 and may be surrounded by some insulating material, such as porexpan. The assembly is preferably placed in a plastic housing or cover to protect it from adverse weather events. The device can be placed at different heights (preferably 1 to 3 m) to capture the radiation coming from the ground of a significant area. The device may also be provided with a meteorological station to correlate in real time the spectrometric data obtained with the meteorological conditions in which the measurement is obtained (rainfall, temperature, humidity, pressure, solar radiation speed and wind direction). Thus, the fact of simultaneously having the meteorological data with the spectrometers makes it possible to estimate their effect on said measurement. For example: the radiological increases due to the effect of rain, the displacements of the spectrum with temperature, the evolution of the term radiation source (radioactive cloud or radon emanations) with wind, rain, atmospheric pressure, etc.
Medios de programa facilitan el control local o remoto de la invención y la identificación de los isótopos presentes y la cuantificación de su actividad radiológica. Medios de programa conocidos facilitan la estabilización de los espectros (a partir de los valores de las sondas de temperatura en contacto con cada cristal u otros sistemas de estabilización). Se puede incorporar un sistema de comunicaciones para el envío de las medidas obtenidas en la estación, así como para el envío de avisos y almacenamiento/envío de informes acerca de su funcionamiento y un módulo de acceso y control remoto a través de dirección IP para controlar, encender, apagar y reiniciar remotamente el sistema. Los diferentes subsistemas que componen el dispositivo (sistema de medida espectrométrica, electrónica global del equipo, sondas de temperatura, etc.) son controlados por un sistema informático de forma local o remota. Ese sistema informático también se encarga de realizar funciones de almacenaje de datos y transmisión de la información derivada de los mismos y realizar representaciones gráficas y cálculos asociados a las medidas radiológicas obtenidas por la estación. El sistema analizador de impulsos es de tipo multicanal, y su función principal es seleccionar las energías de las partículas gamma detectadas para obtener el espectro energético. Esta información se obtiene a través del procesamiento de los impulsos eléctricos suministrados por un amplificador mediante un convertidor analógico- digital. La distribución de las amplitudes de los impulsos permite la discriminación energética de la radiación incidente. El sistema contabiliza el número de repeticiones en la obtención de impulsos de una determinada amplitud, permitiendo así la elaboración de un histograma o espectro energético. Este histograma proporciona información básica que permite calcular el número total de partículas gamma con una determinada energía detectadas durante el tiempo en el que se ha efectuado la medida. En la electrónica de control del sistema se dispone de dos tarjetas multicanal, una para cada cristal. Program means facilitate local or remote control of the invention and the identification of the isotopes present and the quantification of their radiological activity. Known program means facilitate the stabilization of the spectra (from the values of the temperature probes in contact with each crystal or other stabilization systems). A communications system can be incorporated for sending the measurements obtained at the station, as well as for sending notices and storing / sending reports about its operation and a remote access and control module via IP address to control , turn on, off and remotely restart the system. The different subsystems that make up the device (spectrometric measurement system, global equipment electronics, temperature probes, etc.) are controlled by a computer system locally or remotely. This computer system is also responsible for carrying out data storage and transmission of information derived from them and for making graphical representations and calculations associated with the radiological measurements obtained by the station. The pulse analyzer system is multichannel, and its main function is to select the energies of the gamma particles detected to obtain the energy spectrum. This information is obtained through the processing of the electrical impulses supplied by an amplifier by means of an analog-digital converter. The distribution of the pulse amplitudes allows the energy discrimination of the incident radiation. The system counts the number of repetitions in obtaining impulses of a certain amplitude, thus allowing the development of a histogram or energy spectrum. This histogram provides basic information that allows to calculate the total number of gamma particles with a certain energy detected during the time in which the measurement was made. In the system control electronics there are two multi-channel cards, one for each crystal.
El dispositivo puede cuantificar (con una adecuada estimación de la geometría del término fuente) la concentración de actividad superficial (Bq/m2)y/o volumétrica (Bq/m3) para cada uno de los isótopos identificados. The device can quantify (with an adequate estimate of the geometry of the source term) the concentration of surface activity (Bq / m 2 ) and / or volumetric (Bq / m 3 ) for each of the isotopes identified.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . - Estación de identificación y medida de radioactividad caracterizada porque comprende one . - Radioactivity identification and measurement station characterized in that it comprises
dos sondas de cristal de centelleo gamma espectrométrico, donde un primer cristal (1 ) está cubierto por un apantallamiento de plomo (3) en su parte superior y lateral y un segundo cristal (2) está cubierto por otro apantallamiento de plomo (3) en la parte inferior y lateral y  two spectrometric gamma scintillation crystal probes, where a first crystal (1) is covered by a lead shield (3) at its top and side and a second crystal (2) is covered by another lead shield (3) in the bottom and side and
un analizador de impulsos de tipo multicanal, adaptado para seleccionar las energías de las partículas gamma detectadas para obtener el espectro energético. a multichannel pulse analyzer, adapted to select the energies of the gamma particles detected to obtain the energy spectrum.
2. - Estación de medida según la reivindicación 1 caracterizada porque el cristal es de Nal o LaBr3. 2. - Measuring station according to claim 1 characterized in that the crystal is Nal or LaBr 3 .
3. - Estación de medida según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada porque comprende además una sonda de temperatura asociada a cada cristal. 3. - Measuring station according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it further comprises a temperature probe associated with each crystal.
4. - Estación de medida según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada porque comprende una estación meteorológica asociada. 4. - Measuring station according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises an associated meteorological station.
5. - Estación de medida según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada porque está provista de un sistema de comunicaciones adaptado para realizar el envío de las medidas obtenidas en la estación, así como para el envío de avisos y almacenamiento/envío de informes. 5. - Measuring station according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it is provided with a communications system adapted to send the measurements obtained at the station, as well as for sending notices and storing / sending reports.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)
PCT/ES2013/070093 2012-02-15 2013-02-15 Station for identification and measurement, in real time, of ambient gamma radiation by means of spectrometry with two flashing crystals WO2013121071A1 (en)

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ES201230236A ES2423236B1 (en) 2012-02-15 2012-02-15 STATION OF IDENTIFICATION AND REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF GAMMA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY, THROUGH SPECTROMETRY WITH TWO CRYSTALS OF CENTELLEO
ESP201230236 2012-02-15

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3558887A (en) * 1966-11-04 1971-01-26 Oesterr Studien Atomenergie Apparatus for measuring of quantum radiation
US4035642A (en) * 1976-08-20 1977-07-12 Rohm And Haas Company Gamma counter apparatus
US20020117625A1 (en) * 2001-02-26 2002-08-29 Pandelisev Kiril A. Fiber optic enhanced scintillator detector
JP2005043156A (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-17 Apollo Mec:Kk Radiation detector
US20070262266A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2007-11-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-Ray Detector Comprising Scintillators That Are Attached To Both Sides Of A Light Sensor
EP2113791A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-11-04 Nuctech Company Limited Sodium iodide sctinitllator with flat plastic scintillator for Compton suppression

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3558887A (en) * 1966-11-04 1971-01-26 Oesterr Studien Atomenergie Apparatus for measuring of quantum radiation
US4035642A (en) * 1976-08-20 1977-07-12 Rohm And Haas Company Gamma counter apparatus
US20020117625A1 (en) * 2001-02-26 2002-08-29 Pandelisev Kiril A. Fiber optic enhanced scintillator detector
JP2005043156A (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-17 Apollo Mec:Kk Radiation detector
US20070262266A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2007-11-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-Ray Detector Comprising Scintillators That Are Attached To Both Sides Of A Light Sensor
EP2113791A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-11-04 Nuctech Company Limited Sodium iodide sctinitllator with flat plastic scintillator for Compton suppression

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ES2423236A8 (en) 2014-05-05
ES2423236B1 (en) 2014-07-23

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