WO2013120198A1 - Composants de turbine - Google Patents

Composants de turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013120198A1
WO2013120198A1 PCT/CA2013/050109 CA2013050109W WO2013120198A1 WO 2013120198 A1 WO2013120198 A1 WO 2013120198A1 CA 2013050109 W CA2013050109 W CA 2013050109W WO 2013120198 A1 WO2013120198 A1 WO 2013120198A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
turbine
convergent
fluid
divergent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2013/050109
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frederick Churchill
Original Assignee
Organoworld Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Organoworld Inc. filed Critical Organoworld Inc.
Publication of WO2013120198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013120198A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/32—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F03D9/43—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures using infrastructure primarily used for other purposes, e.g. masts for overhead railway power lines
    • F03D9/45—Building formations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/133—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines with a convergent-divergent guiding structure, e.g. a Venturi conduit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to turbines. More particularly, it relates to a fluid turbine apparatus.
  • the invention also relates to a multi-mast, revolving, variable-height tower system for use with at least one fluid turbine.
  • the invention also relates to a fluid turbine electrical generator.
  • the length of the blades and the corresponding area swept by the rotation of the blades has been continually increased.
  • the force generated by the wind against the turbine has two components.
  • One is the result of extracting energy from the wind that generates lift along the surface of the blades.
  • the second component is the wind shear and drag created as the wind blows against the body of the turbine and the tower structure. This shear and drag will normally be a function of the surface area of the nacelle/body of the turbine and the tower structure and their aerodynamic shape.
  • a conically shaped diffuser is located immediately downstream of the rotor of a 3-bladed wind turbine.
  • the shape of the diffuser augments or increases the velocity of the wind through the rotor blades and this increases the amount of energy it will produce.
  • the rotor and diffuser are supported by a structural frame that establishes the height of the rotor and diffuser assembly.
  • the support structure can be quite large and this will result in large static moments if the diffuser is operating at considerable height from the ground.
  • a third generation wind turbine that uses a configuration consisting of a convergent section feeding a ducted tunnel that then feeds a divergent section (diffuser); basically a second generation DAWT.
  • the wind turbine rotor blades are mounted on an annular rotor and are rotating inside the ducted tunnel.
  • the static moments that will be produced in high wind conditions will be significant as the drag forces will be higher than a standard DAWT due to the increased exposed surface area of convergent, ducted tunnel and divergent.
  • the efficiency of the convergent section and divergent section are also critical to obtaining the highest possible fluid velocity through the ducted tunnel and this requires the most laminar flows possible along the walls of the convergent and divergent and most particularly in the zone directly proceeding the entrance to the ducted tunnel, the zone directly following the exit from the ducted tunnel and along the interior walls of the convergent-ducted tunnel-divergent.
  • a fluid turbine apparatus that addresses the need for having the above- described laminar flows.
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide an augmented turbine to generate electricity efficiently by a fluid turbine apparatus that is driven directly by air flow and the velocity of the fluid flow is maximised by the application of a convergent and a divergent with an optimum size configuration and which can survive extreme wind velocities.
  • Another objective is to provide a system for optimising the overall energy production such that at low wind speeds, the convergent section, ducted tunnel, divergent section and turbine are at their maximum operating height. During high wind conditions, the convergent section, ducted tunnel, divergent section and turbine are at their lowest operating height close to the foundation.
  • the system is designed such that, as the wind velocity increases and decreases, the static moments at the base of the tower remain relatively constant.
  • Another objective is to provide an augmented wind turbine system that produces lower cost electricity and this requires the ability to use very large convergent and divergent structures that can be raised and lowered to reduce the increasing moments generated on the overall mast structure as the wind velocity increases.
  • Another objective is to construct a tower system that can rotate to follow the direction of the wind and optimise turbine performance. Another objective is to develop a turbine and mast system that offer lower and more distributed static moments in order that they can be readily installed on the roof of a building or on the deck of a ship.
  • the present invention generally provides augmented wind turbines that use a large convergent section and divergent section, whose vertical walls, and to a lesser extent horizontal walls, can generate significant wind shear forces and drag in strong winds.
  • the drag forces developed will be in proportion to the total surface wall area and the entire structure rotates to keep the fluid turbine facing the wind.
  • Larger wall areas generally mean larger drag forces against the supporting structural elements and overall increased wind shear and drag effects. In high wind conditions or in applications involving large surface areas, these forces can lead to very large static moments applied to the tower structure and to a possible capsizing or failure of the turbine tower structure.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus to generate electricity efficiently by a fluid turbine that is driven directly by air flow and the rotational friction is minimised by the use of much shorter blades and by the mounting of these shorter blades directly on the rotor of the electrical generator. This reduces the number of rotors and rotating shaft assemblies from 2 to 1 , as the traditional turbine rotor is no longer necessary.
  • the present invention generally provides augmented wind turbines that use a convergent section and divergent section that feed and discharge a ducted tunnel in which the blades of an annular rotor are located.
  • ADAPTERS FOLDING PANELS AND COMPRESSED AIR INJECTION TO OPTIMISE
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus to generate electricity efficiently by a fluid turbine that is driven directly by fluid flow and the velocity of the fluid flow is maximised by the application of a convergent section and a divergent section with an optimum size configuration and that includes adapters at the exit of the convergent section and at the entrance of the divergent section to ensure optimum flow patterns into and out of the ducted tunnel.
  • Another objective is to use an adapter configuration at the exit of the ducted tunnel that serves to maintain a high level of energy in the boundary layer along the walls of the diffuser.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to maximise the energy derived by the use of injection nozzles and compressed or pressurized fluids to prevent boundary layer separation in the diffuser for as long as possible. These nozzles could also be employed in the convergent section to provide a more uniform air distribution into the ducted tunnel.
  • Another objective is to provide a system for optimising the overall energy production such that at all wind speeds the cross sectional areas of the convergent and divergent are most uniform and, flow conditions along the walls of the convergent and divergent are optimum.
  • Another objective is to reduce flow turbulence directly after the turbine rotors by the use of compressed air injectors.
  • Another objective is to use a modular structure of interconnected panels to extend the side walls of the convergent and divergent.
  • the panels cover the entire periphery of the convergent and divergent.
  • a control system (electric, hydraulic or pneumatic) deploys or retracts the panels like a folding door to increase and decrease the entrance surface area of the convergent and the discharge surface area of the divergent.
  • the present invention also generally provides an augmented, annular turbine apparatus whereby a convergent and a divergent are installed at the feed and discharge of the ducted tunnel that houses the blades of the turbine mounted on an annular rotor and wherein the optimum efficiency of the convergent-ducted tunnel- divergent are vital for obtaining maximum power from the turbine.
  • a convergent and a divergent are installed at the feed and discharge of the ducted tunnel that houses the blades of the turbine mounted on an annular rotor and wherein the optimum efficiency of the convergent-ducted tunnel- divergent are vital for obtaining maximum power from the turbine.
  • a multi-mast, rotating, variable height tower system for use with at least one fluid turbine, said mast system comprising a common foundation, a group of independent masts, a lifting mechanism on each mast that has the capacity to raise and lower the fluid turbine, a rotational drive located at the base of each mast that allows them to rotate to face the wind.
  • An augmented fluid turbine apparatus sits on the multi-mast tower system.
  • the multi-mast tower system can rotate to face the wind and as wind velocities increase and decrease the operating height of the fluid turbine system is raised and lowered to keep the static moments transmitted by the tower system to its foundation relatively constant. During extreme wind conditions and for maintenance the fluid turbine is lowered to its lowest position, close to its foundation.
  • a fluid turbine-generator apparatus for use with at least one fluid turbine, said fluid turbine-generator apparatus comprising a convergent section, a fluid turbine section adjacent to said exit of said convergent section, said fluid turbine section comprising at least one fluid turbine, and a divergent section adjacent to said fluid turbine section.
  • the electrical generator of said fluid turbine is equipped with an integrated turbine-generator rotor, whereby, the turbine-generator rotating assembly has replaced the traditional turbine rotor rotating assembly. This is accomplished by installing the rotor blades on the circumference of the turbine-generator rotor that eliminates the need for the traditional turbine rotor. This produces the minimum amount of rotational friction and minimum number of rotating parts for the fluid turbine-generator apparatus.
  • a fluid turbine apparatus comprising a convergent section, a fluid turbine section adjacent to said exit of said convergent section, said fluid turbine section comprising said at least one fluid turbine operating with a ducted tunnel and annular rotor, and a divergent section adjacent to said fluid turbine section.
  • the fluid enters through said convergent section and exits through said divergent section and said convergent and divergent sections are equipped with adapters to eliminate the dead zones created by the annular rotor and to provide a more uniform flow distribution over the cross section of the convergent and divergent sectors.
  • Banks of nozzles mounted on manifolds are used to inject compressed or pressurized fluid along the interior walls of the convergent and/or divergent and a control system is employed to prevent boundary layer separation along the walls of the diffuser and maintain optimum flow conditions along the walls of the convergent.
  • a series of interconnected, deployable, modular panels are attached to the periphery of the convergent and divergent to increase the length of their walls and increase the surface area of the convergent entrance and divergent discharge. Wind guards extending from the frames of the convergent and divergent may be installed to protect the panels from high winds when in their retracted position.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that addresses at least one of the above mentioned objectives.
  • a multi-mast rotating tower system with independent drives at the points where the turbine assembly is attached to each mast to permit the turbine assembly to be raised and lowered depending on the wind condition and by a motorised drive located under each individual mast that allows the multi-mast tower system to rotate to follow the wind, said multi-mast tower system comprising:
  • -a lifting mechanism is located at each point where the turbine apparatus is supported by a mast, the mechanism serving to raise and to lower the turbine apparatus as the wind velocity increases and decreases; -a drive mechanism at the base of each of the independent mast that rotates the tower structure and the turbine assembly to keep them facing the facing the wind; and
  • a multi-mast, revolving, variable- height tower system for use with at least one fluid turbine, said multi-mast, revolving variable- height tower system comprising:
  • multi-mast tower system supporting the fluid turbine apparatus and comprising two or more independent masts that support horizontal and vertical forces exerted by the fluid turbine apparatus and the forces generated by wind;
  • a fluid turbine apparatus for use with at least one multi-mast tower system, said fluid turbine apparatus comprising:
  • said convergent section comprising an entry and an exit, said entry having a area higher than said exit, said convergent section having a first ratio being the entry area over the exit area;
  • -a fluid turbine section adjacent to said exit of said convergent section said fluid turbine section comprising said at least one fluid turbine;
  • -a divergent section adjacent to said fluid turbine section said divergent section comprising an entry and an exit, said entry having an area lower than said exit, said divergent section having a second ratio being the exit area over the entry area; wherein the fluid enters through said convergent section and exits through said divergent section and wherein said convergent and divergent are constructed using a modular structure that supports retractable wall panels.
  • the convergent section of the fluid turbine apparatus is defined as a section having an entry which is larger than its exit.
  • the exit of the convergent section is in contact with the entry of the fluid turbine section.
  • the length and configuration of the convergent section employing retractable walls are adjusted to minimise drag produced at high wind speeds and to make uniform the velocity profile at the convergent exit so that a more even pressurisation is created at the entry of the fluid section.
  • each mast consist one or more lattice structures that are interconnected or one or more tubular structures that are interconnected or one or more cylindrical pipe structures that a re i nterco n n ected ..
  • the number of independent masts will be four with each mast supporting one of the four corners of the turbine assembly.
  • a tower structure with two or three masts is also a possibility and the choice will depend on the size of the turbine and the site wind conditions.
  • motorised wheels will be the selected mechanism for rotating each mast. The wheel will run in a track assembly that will be able to absorb both lateral, upwards and downward forces.
  • a slew bearing assembly, large hub driven by a series of small wheels, a floating floor with mechanical drive or other rotational drive could be employed and this will depend on the size of the turbines.
  • the shape of the cross-section of the different independent masts may vary (circular, rectangular, triangular, etc.).
  • the preferred shapes are structural member lattice type.
  • pipe member lattice type or cylindrical shells are also quite acceptable designs.
  • the multi-mast tower system may use several different types of mechanisms to raise and lower the support of the turbine section (gear, rack and pinion, chain, wire cable & wheels, etc.).
  • An object of the present invention is also to provide an apparatus that addresses at least one of the above mentioned objectives.
  • the aforesaid and other objectives of the present invention are realised by generally providing a convergent and divergent structure with modular retractable wall sections to create an augmented wind turbine that increases the velocity contacting the fluid turbine rotor, the turbine apparatus comprising:
  • the convergent section comprising an entry and an exit, the entry having an area higher than said exit, the convergent section having a first ratio being the entry area on the exit area,
  • the divergent section comprising an entry and an exit, the entry having an area lower than the exit, the divergent section having a second ratio being the exit area on the entry area,
  • a fluid turbine electrical generator for use with at least one fluid turbine, said fluid turbine electrical generator comprising: -an integrated turbine-generator rotor that is integral with a rotor of the fluid turbine, wherein the integrated turbine-generator rotor minimises a rotational friction of the turbine rotor.
  • the combination of the convergent section, the fluid turbine section and the divergent section must be such that a Venturi effect is created.
  • the Venturi effect derives from a combination of Bernoulli's principle and the equation of continuity.
  • the convergent section serves to pressurize the entrance to the fluid turbine section whereas the divergent section serves to create a vacuum at the exit of the fluid turbine section.
  • the blades of the ducted turbine are mounted directly on the circumference of the generator rotor. This implies there is no longer a turbine rotor, a turbine rotor rotating element or a speed reducer.
  • the blades will be mounted on actuators to adjust their pitch angle to correspond to the augmented wind conditions in the ducted tunnel.
  • the integrated turbine-generator rotor may be made of a magnetic material such that the shaft and roller bearings can be replaced by a Maglev bearing assembly.
  • the turbine-rotor generator could be mounted on air bearings. This would further decrease the rotational friction as there would be no bearing and the weight of the rotating assembly would decrease.
  • a secondary or back-up bearing system could be installed in order to support the rotor temporarily if the Maglev or air bearing system failed.
  • the aforesaid and other objectives of the present invention are also realised by generally providing a convergent and divergent structure to create an augmented turbine that produces the maximum possible increase in the jet stream velocity through the ducted tunnel that will require components to optimise the fluid flow distribution comprising: - an adapter at the entrance to the ducted tunnel that will eliminate the dead-flow zone created by the annular rotor and will provide the most uniform fluid flow distribution over the cross section of the convergent section;
  • control system that measures the velocity of the flow along the walls of the convergent and divergent sections and distribute the compressed or pressurized fluid to obtain the most uniform profiles possible
  • a fluid turbine apparatus for use with at least one fluid turbine, said fluid turbine apparatus comprising:
  • said convergent section comprising a convergent section entry and a convergent section exit, said convergent section entry having a convergent section entry area greater than a convergent section exit area, said convergent section having a first ratio being the convergent section entry area over the convergent section exit area and said convergent section exit area feeding a ducted tunnel;
  • -a fluid turbine section adjacent to said convergent section exit said fluid turbine section comprising a ducted tunnel fed with flow from the convergent section exit area and housing said at least one fluid turbine with blades operating within said ducted tunnel, thereby forming an annular rotor;
  • -a divergent section adjacent to said fluid turbine section said divergent section comprising a divergent section entry and a divergent section exit, said divergent section entry having a divergent section entry area lower than a divergent section exit area, said divergent section having a second ratio being the divergent section exit area over the divergent section entry area and said divergent section entry being fed with flow from the ducted tunnel;
  • the divergent section further comprises a first aerodynamically shaped flow adapter that fits over a first dead-flow zone at an end of said ducted tunnel, said first adapter configured to encourage a high and substantially uniform level of fluid energy in a boundary layer of air along
  • a fluid turbine apparatus for use with at least one fluid turbine, said fluid turbine apparatus comprising:
  • said convergent section comprising a convergent section entry and a convergent section exit, said convergent section entry having a convergent section entry area greater than a convergent section exit area, said convergent section having a first ratio being the convergent section entry area over the convergent section exit area and said convergent section exit area feeding a ducted tunnel;
  • said fluid turbine section adjacent to said convergent section exit, said fluid turbine section comprising a ducted tunnel fed with flow from the convergent section exit area and housing said at least one fluid turbine with blades operating within said ducted tunnel;
  • said divergent section comprising a divergent section entry and a divergent section exit, said divergent section entry having a divergent section entry area lower than a divergent section exit area, said divergent section having a second ratio being the divergent section exit area over the divergent section entry area and said divergent section entry being fed with flow from said ducted tunnel; wherein fluid enters through the convergent section, travels through the fluid turbine section and exits through the divergent section, wherein the convergent section further comprises a first aerodynamically shaped flow adapter that fits over a first dead-flow zone at an entrance of said ducted tunnel, said first adapter configured to encourage a high and substantially uniform level of fluid energy in the boundary layer of air along a length of convergent section walls and a substantially uniform flow velocity across a cross sectional area of the convergent section.
  • the adapter installed at the discharge of the ducted tunnel will be conically shaped and designed such that the flow velocity along the diffuser wall decreases at the same rate as the main discharging air stream for as long as possible.
  • the preferred ratio of R1 , (its length to its largest diameter) is greater than 1. 25 and the value of R2 (surface area of dead zone to the swept area of rotor blades) is greater than 3.0.
  • the adapter installed at the feed of the ducted tunnel will be drop shaped and designed such that the flow velocity along the convergent wall increases at the same rate as the main incoming air stream for as long as possible.
  • the preferred ratio of R1 (its length to its largest diameter) is greater than 1.25 and the value of R2 (surface area of dead zone to the swept area of rotor blades) is greater than 3.0.
  • the nozzles that inject compressed air along the inside walls of the convergent section and divergent section are mounted to avoid as much as possible any obstruction to the fluid flow.
  • the preferable mounting would be to create small increases in the dimensions of the walls of the convergent and divergent and use the enlargements as the point of the injection which would avoid having the nozzles protrude beyond the inside face of the wall.
  • the shape of the cross-section of the different convergent and divergent sections may vary (circular, rectangular, annular, etc.).
  • the two preferred shapes of the cross section of the large convergent and divergent sections are rectilinear or conical.
  • the adapters may be preferably made of fabric material and stiffeners or they may be made of plastic or aluminum.
  • the surface area of the entrance to the convergent and discharge area of the divergent can be adjusted by a modular structure of the walls that includes panels that fold like an accordion or a folding door.
  • This technique may be applied to both the convergent section and the divergent section or simply to the divergent section.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section view of a possible multi-mast tower system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the augmented turbine apparatus located at its highest operating height.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section view of the possible multi-mast tower system shown in Figure 1 , with the augmented turbine apparatus located in its lowest operating height.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of a possible multi-mast tower system that employs four masts, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a possible rotating system, that includes one rotating drive attached to the base of each of the four masts. The rotating system sits on a track assembly that absorbs the vertical and horizontal forces and transmits the forces to the foundation.
  • A1 multi-mast tower system
  • A2 mast structure
  • A3 raising and lowering mechanism for each mast structure
  • A5 track assembly for rotational drive
  • A6 foundation for track assembly
  • A7 augmented wind turbine apparatus WITH RESPECT TO MINIMISING ROTATING FRICTION BY AN INTEGRATED TURBINE-GENERATOR ROTOR
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-section view of an integrated turbine-generator rotor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the poles located on the rotor and the wings are mounted around the circumference of the turbine-generator rotor and extend into the ducted tunnel of the turbine apparatus
  • B5 ducted tunnel
  • B6 integrated turbine-generator rotor
  • B10 generator poles
  • B11 turbine-generator rotor blades
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-section view of a possible rectilinear shaped convergent- divergent, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, that identifies the dead-flow zones at both ends of the ducted tunnel.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-section view of a possible rectilinear shaped convergent- divergent, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, that identifies the aerodynamically shaped adapters installed at the discharge from the convergent and entrance to the divergent employed to reduce/eliminate the dead-flow zones and to create the most gradual and uniform acceleration and deceleration into and from the ducted tunnel.
  • Figure 8 contains schematic cross-sectional views of the possible rectilinear shaped convergent-divergent shown in Figure 6, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, that uses injection nozzles mounted on manifolds to maintain a laminar flow of air along the inside faces of critical areas of the divergent and convergent.
  • the injection nozzles may also be installed in the ducted tunnel after the turbine rotors to stabilise downstream fluid flow conditions.
  • Figure 8a illustrates a typical point of injection between two sections of the wall of the divergent
  • Figure 8b illustrates a typical point of injection between two sections of the wall of the convergent
  • Figure 8c illustrates a typical point of injection directly after a rotor blade and injected parallel to the inner wall of the annular rotor
  • Figure 8d is a flow schematic for the compressed air system.
  • a compressed or pressurized fluid feed system supply the manifolds that support the banks of nozzles that discharge into the fluid flow stream parallel to the interior walls.
  • C4 convergent discharge dead-zone
  • C5 divergent entrance adapter
  • C6 divergent section entrance dead-zone
  • C7 compressed or pressurized fluid feed and control system
  • C8 plurality of nozzles for compressed or pressurized fluids
  • C9 inside wall of divergent section
  • C10 inside wall of convergent section
  • C11 point of fluid injection
  • C12 fluid flow
  • C13 injection fluid control valve
  • C14 folding panels divergent section
  • C15 folding panels convergent section.
  • C16 wind guards for panels
  • the augmented wind turbine would be supported by two or more independent masts assembled on a common foundation to form a multi-mast support structure.
  • Each mast would be equipped with a lifting mechanism that connects the wind turbine to the mast in order support its weight and horizontal forces and to raise and lower the operating height of the turbine. This would allow the operating height to be minimised in high wind conditions and to be raised to its maximum height in low wind conditions.
  • This multiple mast support structure would also distribute the static moments created by the turbine over a larger area that would in turn decrease the overall thickness and weight of the required foundation. In effect, the moments produced would now be distributed over a wider area requiring a much more shallow foundation block.
  • the masts In order to accommodate the turbine lifting system, the masts must rotate with the turbine assembly to face the wind. Accordingly, the masts sit on independent motorised drives that sit on a common foundation. The motorised drives allow the masts and the entire turbine assembly to rotate in unison.
  • the principal advantages of this new design includes the fact that the static moments can be greatly decreased by lowering the operating height of the turbine assembly in high or extreme wind conditions whereby the required physical strength of each individual mast involved is lowered, which lowers the overall cost of the wind turbine tower.
  • the turbine assembly can now be lowered to perform maintenance activities at a much lower height, and the front of the turbine can be at a different height than the back of the turbine that has the result of modifying the angle of inclination of the turbine relative to the ground.
  • This adjustment of the horizontal inclination of the turbine can better align the fluid turbine apparatus with the direction and orientation of the wind. It is quite common for the configuration of the landscape around a turbine to produce a wind that is not travelling horizontally with the horizon but at an upward or downward angle of orientation.
  • the principal design advantages of this technology is the use of a multi-mast system that distributes the horizontal moments generated over a much larger foundation area, distributes the moments over several masts that can be of much lighter construction, and offers the capability to raise and lower the augmented turbine operating height that in turn reduces the moments generated at the foundation and throughout the entire tower structure.
  • the aforementioned design that permits the adjustment of the height of the convergent and divergent to be appropriate for the prevailing wind speed, in turn reduces the cost/kWh of the turbine installation and will produce a more competitive source of energy.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show the principal configurations the multi-mast tower system A1 using 4 masts or one supporting each corner of the four corners of the turbine.
  • Each mast structure A2 has its own independent lifting mechanism A3 that supports the turbine mechanism and can raise or lower the operating height of the turbine based on the wind conditions.
  • the rotational drives circulate in the track assembly that transmits the horizontal and vertical forces to the foundation to which it is attached.
  • the foundation may be a concrete structure sitting on the ground or a structural plate foundation supported by an appropriate steel structure.
  • the structural plate foundation is preferred for an installation of a turbine assembly on the roof of a building or on a ship.
  • the lifting mechanism and rotational drives that are part of each mast are independently controlled. As the wind velocity begins to increase and the drag on the wind turbine apparatus A7 increases, the lifting mechanism are activated to lower the operating height of the turbine that in turn reduces the static moment to be absorbed by the tower structure and foundation. As the wind shear and drag continue to increase, the lifting mechanism (4) of each mast will lower the turbine assembly to its lowest level, just above the foundation.
  • the lifting mechanisms will raise the operating height of the augmented fluid turbine apparatus.
  • the moments transferred to the foundation have a much greater effect on the building structure or the ship structure than would be the case if the foundation were sitting on the ground.
  • the smaller and more distributed moments make the steel foundation a much more feasible solution.
  • a plurality of types of wind turbines may be used with the device of present invention, for example, for example a standard 3-bladed open propeller design or double walled turbine.
  • the motorised rotational drive for the mast assembly could use wheels, bearings, turning gears, air floatation, etc. to allow the mast to rotate to follow the wind direction. They may use a common drive rather than independent drives but this will depend on the size of the turbine and the forces involved. The smaller the forces, the easier it is to group the drives together.
  • the size and strength parameters of the multi- mast tower system may differ to the example shown in this document.
  • the fluid turbine section will differ depending of the amount of electricity to be generated.
  • the wings or blades that convert the wind energy into torque will be much shorter and lighter than for a conventional 3-bladed turbine. This reduces the length and weight considerably but there are other embodiments of the annular rotor that may further decrease the rotating friction. Rather than install the blades on the outside diameter of a rotor conceived to support the turbine blades, the blades of the wind turbine are now attached directly to the outer circumference of the rotor of the electrical generator.
  • the wind turbine blades are now transmitting their torque directly to the rotor of the generator and the generator bearings are absorbing the forces produced by the blades.
  • the diameter of the generator rotor will now be larger in diameter and the poles or windings may be installed on a much larger diameter than used for existing designs of high speed or low speed generator.
  • the poles or windings of the rotor may be installed so close to the periphery that it becomes advantageous to replace the standard configuration consisting of a rotor supported by ball bearings rotating on a central shaft by two of several options.
  • a Maglev bearing is mounted on the stator and supports the weight of the rotor by electromagnetic fields and/or temporarily, in the event of maglev failure, by a set of three or more wheels that are mounted on the stator of the generator. These wheels then support the turbine-generator rotor.
  • An air bearing is created by installing semi-circular matching shoes around the periphery of the rotor and stator and compressed air is injected between the shoes in order that the weight and forces of the rotor are supported on a cushion of air.
  • the two advantages are the reduced friction and their ability to operate in very dusty, humid and hot environments.
  • Diffuser Assisted Wind Turbines are a class of wind turbine that uses the walled structures of a divergent or integrated convergent-divergent to accelerate wind before it enters the wind-generating element. It is well established that a DAWT will operate at higher wind speeds through the rotor blades as a result of the Venturi effect created by the diffuser. The concept of these diffuser structures and their effects has been around for decades but has not gained wide acceptance in the marketplace.
  • the principal design advantages of this augmentation technology are that the increase in wind speed provided by augmentation techniques results in the use of a much smaller diameter rotor with smaller swept area. This results in much shorter wings/blades that can be used.
  • the length of the blades of a standard 1.8 MW 3-bladed would be of the order of 44 metres and weigh approximately 15 tons.
  • a blade would be 1 metre in length and weight approximately 100 pounds.
  • One of the advantages of augmented turbines is that their blades will be much shorter and lighter than for a 3-bladed turbine of equivalent capacity and this allows for the blades to be installed on the generator rotor, creating the integrated turbine-generator.
  • FIG. 5 shows the principal configurations of the wind turbine apparatus and the elements of the turbine-generator B4 that include an integrated turbine-generator rotor B6.
  • the turbine generator poles B10 are mounted on the rotor and the wings/blades B11 of the turbine-generator are mounted on the periphery of this rotor B6.
  • the blades are rotating in the ducted tunnel B5 of the turbine apparatus and the turbine generator is located within the enclosure created by the inner wall of the ducted tunnel There is no turbine rotor or speed reducer.
  • the generator is controlling the speed of rotation and the turbine-generator and turbine-generator blades have been designed to operate at the speed set by the synchronous generator. It should be understood that by varying the number of poles on the rotor we can adjust the rotational speed for the generator.
  • the turbine-generator blades are mounted on actuators that allow for pitch adjustment and the ability to maximise the torque produced at all wind speeds.
  • a plurality of types of electrical generators types may be used with the device of present invention, for example, synchronous, asynchronous, double wound etc.
  • different combinations may be used, for example a different number and/or configuration of blades, the distance between the blades and the poles, the number of poles and windings and their position relative to each other and their location on either the rotor or stator, etc.
  • the parameters of the integrated turbine- generator rotor may differ than the example shown in this document.
  • the electrical windings and poles may be located on the rotor or on the stator, the rotor may be made of materials other than aluminum or steel to decrease its weight and the rotational friction.
  • the rotating assembly of the turbine-generator rotor could be replaced by a Maglev bearing or air bearing that would further reduce the rotational resistance.
  • the turbine-generator design would be applicable to all fluids including wind, water and steam.
  • adapters are also installed over the dead-zones at the entrance and discharge of the ducted tunnel and play an important role in keeping the fluid stream cross-sectional profiles as uniform as possible that maximises the power produced.
  • the principal behind the augmented turbine is the use of a convergent and divergent section to increase the fluid flow velocity through the blades.
  • the surface area of the entrance to the convergent section and particularly the discharge area of the divergent section are important as the bigger they become, the more they increase the power that can be generated by increasing the fluid flow velocity. Increasing these surface areas invariably requires that the walls of the convergent and divergent sections increase in length and this leads to problems in the event of very high winds.
  • Diffuser Augmented Wind turbines are a class of wind turbine that typically uses conically shaped walled structures to accelerate wind before it enters the wind-generating element. It is well established that a DAWT operate with higher wind speeds through the rotor blades as a result of the Venturi effect created by the diffuser. The concept of these diffuser structures and their effects has been understood for decades but has not gained wide acceptance in the marketplace.
  • the DAWT was not a commercial success for several reasons.
  • One of the most important aspects of using a diffuser is to introduce the air flow into it as uniformly as possible and to decrease the velocity of the air flow as uniformly as possible over its length. An expanding plug flow is the ideal flow situation. Differences in the rate at which the velocity of the flow slows down over the cross section of the diffuser will eventually result in boundary separation along the face of the diffuser wall.
  • This 3-bladed turbine design implies that the air exiting the rotor closest to the walls of the diffuser will be lower than the air velocity discharging into the centre of the diffuser.
  • one of the most important problems in the design of a DAWT has been early boundary layer separation along the face of the diffuser. This comes from the fact that the velocity of the layer of air that is sliding along the face of the diffuser decreases to the point that the air starts to break away from its surface. Once this phenomena begins, the diffuser begins to lose its efficiency in recovering the energy from the air stream that is flowing through its structure. The longer the layer of air will follow the surface walls of the diffuser, the greater will be its efficiency.
  • the air discharging from the ducted tunnel into the diffuser should have as high a velocity as possible close to the diffuser walls and as the air volume expands the air stream should expand in area in the direction towards the centreline of the diffuser and not in the direction towards the diffuser walls.
  • Past DAWT experience has been to provide slots along the wall of the diffuser so the surrounding wind could enter the diffuser and re-energise the flow of air along the face of its interior walls. This effect is limited by the velocity of the wind/air moving along the outside wall of the diffuser and limited open area of the slot.
  • the air flowing in would be of higher velocity than the air flowing along the diffuser wall. This would decrease the width of the slot or nozzle required for injection and would assure that the velocity along the wall is being sufficiently increased to definitely set back boundary layer separation.
  • compressed air and nozzles that are mounted around the periphery of the divergent and blow air into the diffuser parallel to the interior diffuser wall surface. This injection of compressed air serves to provide additional energy to the layer of air that is moving along the wall and to delay the onset of boundary layer separation.
  • a system of manifolds and controls are set up so that the compressed air is only injected at specific areas along the wall or it may be injected along the entire periphery.
  • the point of injection is determined by measuring the velocity of the air moving along the face of the diffuser inner walls.
  • the diffuser is acting like a siphon and plug flow along much of its length is an important variable that influences its efficiency.
  • the solution described herein has been developed to increase the efficiency of the diffuser and to recover the maximum amount of energy possible from the airstream leaving the turbine rotor.
  • the diffuser walls are preferably straight or rectilinear.
  • a series of air nozzles are located at appropriate locations around the perimeter of the diffuser. The nozzles are discharging parallel to the diffuser wall such that their discharge will result in adding energy to air flowing along the face of the diffuser interior walls.
  • the velocity of the air discharged can be increased or decreased to add more or less energy to the air flow along the diffuser wall and if necessary several series if diffusers can be located one after the other to continue to energise the air flowing along the face of the diffuser.
  • the role of the convergent section is to efficiently accelerate incoming air flow as efficiently and uniformly as possible.
  • the role of the diffuser is to decelerate the discharging air flow as efficiently and uniformly as possible.
  • the use of ducted tunnel and annular rotor implies that there will be a large dead-zone with no flow that will cover the area corresponding to the area within the circumference of the inner wall of the ducted tunnel.
  • one preferred configuration may be tear-shaped, cigar shape or other, while in the case of the diffuser it may be conical-shaped, tear shaped, cigar shape or other.
  • These shaped adapters are intended to provide the most uniform flow cross-section from its outer point or extremity to its point of connection on the ducted tunnel.
  • the ratio of the length to the maximum diameter of the adapter (R1) is important. In the application of annular rotors, R1 must be greater than 1.25.
  • the ratio of the surface area of the dead zones created at the centre of the annular rotor to the surface area that is swept by the rotating blades (R2) is important as they control the level of the augmentation of the wind velocity for any given size of convergent and divergent sections.
  • the nacelle that houses the generator creates a very small dead zone behind the blades, but it is not significant.
  • R2 is very small, much less than 1.0 as the three-bladed turbine is not dependant on augmentation techniques to generate significant power but to the swept area of the rotor.
  • the ratio of R2 for an annular rotor must be greater than 3 to 1.
  • Convergent and divergent sections may have exterior walls that are straight and generate a rectilinear shape, or the walls may be circular and generate a conical shape or a mixture of straight and curved walls generating a more complex shape.
  • one technique to increase the surface areas of the entrance to the convergent section and exit from the divergent section is to employ modular wall panels that deploy and retract like a folding door or accordion.
  • the panels are attached to the entire perimeter of the main modular support frame of the convergent and divergent sections.
  • the number of folding panels may preferably vary from 1 to 9.
  • the panels may be of modular construction with a fixed sheet providing a smooth inside surface for the air to follow or they may use a retractable sail. In the event of very high winds the panels retract to decrease the length of the convergent and divergent and their walls made of sails may also retract.
  • An objective of this invention is to describe an innovative solution for resolving the dead-flow zones that provides a solution to boundary layer separation along the walls of diffusers, to propose the use of injection jets that will improve flow conditions through the convergent and ducted tunnel and to install folding/accordion type modular panels at the entrance to the convergent and exit of the divergent to increase the degree of flow augmentation.
  • All three of these solutions will provide a more uniform flow profile that will increase the efficiency of the convergent and divergent sections and accordingly increase the power produced by the turbine.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the principal configurations of convergent and divergent sections that are equipped with adapters C3,C5 and compressed air nozzles C8 that may be considered for an augmented turbine apparatus and include rectilinear, conical and annular configurations of the diffuser.
  • the convergent adapter C3 and divergent adapter C5 are shown as a conical configuration.
  • drop/tear shaped and other aerodynamic shapes can also be used.
  • the plurality of fluid injection nozzles are independently controlled. As the flow velocity begins to fall around certain areas of the convergent and divergent sections, valves are opened to feed the compressed or pressurized fluid into the fluid flow stream flowing along the surface of the wall. The pressure or velocity of the injected fluid will always be higher than the velocity of the fluid flowing along the adjacent wall.
  • the intent is to provide a more uniform cross sectional mass flow to provide a more uniform rate of fluid acceleration or deceleration and thereby optimise the production.
  • the farthest end panel sections that cover the perimeter of the convergent section entrance and divergent section discharge can advance and retract.
  • the joints created between the walls can create obstructions to flow so the inner surfaces must match very closely. If necessary, the injection nozzles will accelerate any air flow over and around these matching joints that could lead to boundary layer separation.
  • the number of panels will vary depending upon the final surface areas required. Each panel is independently controlled so that they may be extended progressively, one after the other or all together, simultaneously.
  • a wind guard C16 may extend out from the main frame of the convergent and the divergent sections to protect the panels C14,C15 from strong winds when they are in their retracted position.
  • the adapters are very important for the use of annular rotors as they create a significant dead zone at their entrance and discharge and the banks of nozzles for the injection of compressed fluids maintaining optimum flow profiles along the walls of the convergent and divergent for augmented turbines and the retractable panels to increase the surface area of the convergent and divergent.
  • the shape of the adapters may vary in order to provide the most uniform flow conditions along the walls of the convergent and divergent sections.
  • the diffuser adapter could take a shape that would create an annular diffuser. As such the walls of the diffuser and the walls of the adapter would follow each other starting at the end of the ducted tunnel and over part of the length, or the full length of the diffuser.
  • the parameters of the plurality of nozzles, the configuration of the adapters and their locations may differ from the example shown in this document.
  • the number and shape of the nozzles per header and the number of headers will differ based on the size of the unit and the fluid.
  • the fluid turbine section and convergent-divergent may differ depending of the amount of electricity to be generated.
  • the use of a convergent and divergent sections to produce an augmented turbine is applicable for all fluids includes most particularly the fluids; air, water and steam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un appareil de turbine à fluide qui comprend une section convergente, une section de turbine à fluide qui est adjacente à la sortie de la section convergente, la section de turbine à fluide comprenant au moins une turbine à fluide qui fonctionne avec un tunnel à conduits et un rotor annulaire, et une section divergente qui est adjacente à la section de turbine à fluide. Le fluide entre par la section convergente et sort par la section divergente, et les sections convergente et divergente sont pourvues d'adaptateurs conçus pour éliminer les zones mortes créées par le rotor annulaire et pour permettre une distribution d'écoulement plus uniforme sur la section transversale des sections convergente et divergente. Des buses montées sur des collecteurs sont utilisées pour injecter un fluide sous pression le long des parois intérieures de la section convergente et/ou de la section divergente, et un système de commande est utilisé pour empêcher une séparation de couche limite le long des parois du diffuseur et pour maintenir des conditions d'écoulement optimales le long des parois de la section convergente.
PCT/CA2013/050109 2012-02-13 2013-02-13 Composants de turbine WO2013120198A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3030642A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-24 Sauval Claude Rene Turbine a vent et gaz comprime
WO2020069592A1 (fr) * 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Organoworld Inc. Turbines à fluide augmentées motorisées

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4132499A (en) * 1976-01-29 1979-01-02 Ben Gurion University Of The Negev Wind driven energy generating device
US4140433A (en) * 1975-07-10 1979-02-20 Eckel Oliver C Wind turbine
US6126385A (en) * 1998-11-10 2000-10-03 Lamont; John S. Wind turbine
GB2430982A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-11 Stephen Walsh Wind turbine with venturi shaped duct
WO2009103564A2 (fr) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-27 New World Energy Enterprises Limited Système de perfectionnement de turbine
CA2645296A1 (fr) * 2008-11-27 2010-05-27 Organoworld Inc. Turbine annulaire multirotor a double paroi

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4140433A (en) * 1975-07-10 1979-02-20 Eckel Oliver C Wind turbine
US4132499A (en) * 1976-01-29 1979-01-02 Ben Gurion University Of The Negev Wind driven energy generating device
US6126385A (en) * 1998-11-10 2000-10-03 Lamont; John S. Wind turbine
GB2430982A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-11 Stephen Walsh Wind turbine with venturi shaped duct
WO2009103564A2 (fr) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-27 New World Energy Enterprises Limited Système de perfectionnement de turbine
CA2645296A1 (fr) * 2008-11-27 2010-05-27 Organoworld Inc. Turbine annulaire multirotor a double paroi

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3030642A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-24 Sauval Claude Rene Turbine a vent et gaz comprime
WO2020069592A1 (fr) * 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Organoworld Inc. Turbines à fluide augmentées motorisées
US11795906B2 (en) 2018-10-05 2023-10-24 Organoworld Inc. Powered augmented fluid turbines

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