WO2013118266A1

WO2013118266A1 - Control device and control method for distributed power generation device

Info

Publication number: WO2013118266A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/052920
Authority: WO
Inventors: 敏之澤; 森　重樹; 鶴貝　満男
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2012-02-09
Filing date: 2012-02-09
Publication date: 2013-08-15
Also published as: CN104094491A; JP5788535B2; JPWO2013118266A1; CN104094491B; IN2014DN06618A

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of estimating a constrained amount of electric power when the amount of power generated on the consumer side is constrained. In the present invention, control pattern information for controlling power generation on the consumer side is configured such that a first time band in which power generation is constrained and a second time band in which power generation is not constrained appear continuously alternating with each other. A power generation amount estimator estimates a potential amount of power that would have been generated if power generation by a distributed power generation device were not constrained in the first time band, on the basis of a first amount of power generated in the first time band and a second amount of power generated in the second time band. The power generation amount estimator may also calculate, as the constrained amount of electric power, the difference between the potential amount of power generated and a first upper-limit value for constraining the first amount of power generated.

Description

Control device and control method for distributed power generation device

The present invention relates to a control device and control method of a distributed power generation system.

In recent years, in order to cope with global warming and the like, the introduction of a distributed power generation device using natural energy such as a solar power generation device is socially desired. In order to promote the spread of distributed power generation systems, a system has been proposed in which a power company is allowed to purchase power from distributed power generation systems installed by customers at a price higher than general power rates. Under such a buying system, the consumer wants to generate as much power as possible from the distributed power plant. In addition, even if there is no purchasing system, consumers who are highly aware of environmental issues want to help protect the environment by generating as much power as possible from their own distributed generation devices.

However, with the introduction of a large number of distributed power generation devices, problems that affect the power system, such as surplus power problems and voltage fluctuation problems, may occur. In order to suppress the problem, it is necessary to suppress the output of the distributed power generation apparatus according to the change in the power demand.

For example, in mild seasons, the need for air conditioning decreases, so power demand decreases. However, regardless of the decrease in the power demand among the consumers, the photovoltaic power generation devices installed in each consumer generate power according to the weather, so there is surplus power in each consumer. If surplus power at each customer is sent to the power system as it is, the voltage and frequency of the power system may fluctuate, and power quality may be degraded.

Therefore, when the power demand is small, it is required to suppress the amount of power generation (the amount of power) of the distributed power generation apparatus installed at the customer. It is necessary to know how much power generation has actually been suppressed, but in order to estimate the amount of power generation that has been suppressed, it is necessary to estimate the amount of power generation that has not been suppressed.

Here, a method is conceivable in which the amount of power generation of the distributed power generation device is predicted using the measurement value of a sensor such as a solar radiation meter and the conversion efficiency. Furthermore, a method (Non-Patent Document 1) has also been proposed that predicts the amount of solar power generation in the entire predetermined area based on the weather and the like.

The prior art is

The installation of sensors in individual distributed generators requires a great deal of expense and effort. Moreover, in the technology of estimating the total power generation amount of the solar power generation devices in the area based on the weather information, it is not possible to predict the power generation amount of each solar power generation device.

Consumers want maximum power generation of decentralized power plants for return on investment or to contribute to environmental issues. Therefore, when suppressing the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device, it is estimated which distributed power generation device of the customer contributed to the power generation suppression, and some allowance (monetary compensation, etc.) according to the contribution. Need to do. If this is not the case, the sense of unfairness among the consumers may increase, which may hinder the promotion of the distributed power generation system.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to be able to estimate a potential amount of power generation when not suppressed, when the amount of power generation of the distributed power generation device is suppressed. It is providing a control device and control method of distributed power generation equipment.

In order to solve the above problems, a control device of a distributed power generation device according to the present invention is a control device of a distributed power generation device that suppresses the amount of power generation of the distributed power generation device and estimates the suppressed amount of power generation. A power generation amount measurement unit that measures the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device, and control pattern information for controlling the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device, and does not suppress the first time zone for suppressing the power generation amount and the power generation amount A control pattern setting unit that controls the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device by setting control pattern information including at least one second time zone in the generated power control unit that controls the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device The first power generation amount in the first time zone and the second power generation amount in the second time zone are acquired from the power generation amount measuring unit, and based on the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount, in the first time period Do not suppress the power generation of the distributed generator The potential amount of power generation would be obtained if and a potential power generation amount estimation unit for estimating.

The control pattern information suppresses the first power generation amount for the first time zone to a predetermined first upper limit value and the second power generation amount for the second time zone to a predetermined second upper limit value. The second upper limit value can be set to be equal to or more than the maximum power generation amount of the distributed power generation system.

At least a part of the configuration of the present invention may be realized as a computer program or a hardware circuit. The computer program can be distributed via, for example, a communication medium such as the Internet, a recording medium such as a hard disk or a flash memory device.

Overall equipment configuration to estimate the amount of suppression power. Detailed configuration of the power suppression controller that estimates the amount of suppression power. Calculation processing flow of the method of estimating the suppression power amount. Power adjustment flow of photovoltaic power generation by PCS. The graph showing the voltage V of the solar power generation device, and the relationship of the electric current I. The graph showing the voltage V of the solar power generation device, and the relationship of the electric power W. FIG. An example of a table showing suppression information patterns. The example of the graph which developed the suppression pattern. Example of suppression pattern graph. An example of a screen displaying the items of similarity in graph format. Example of suppression pattern graph. An example of a screen displaying the items of similarity in graph format. Example of suppression pattern graph. An example of a screen displaying the items of similarity in graph format. Example of suppression pattern graph. The example of the display screen of an operation display apparatus. The example of the display screen of an operation display apparatus. The example of the display screen of an operation display apparatus. Overall equipment configuration to estimate the amount of suppression power. Overall equipment configuration to estimate the amount of suppression power.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In this embodiment, the potential power generation amount in the first time zone in which the power generation amount is suppressed is estimated based on the first power generation amount in the first time zone and the second power generation amount in the second time zone in which the power generation amount is not suppressed. it can. In one example of the present embodiment, a time zone in which the output (amount of power generation) of the distributed power generation device is suppressed and a time zone in which the output is not suppressed are set in a designated predetermined time range. And in one example of the present embodiment, the latent power generation amount in the suppressed first time zone, that is, the power generation amount that would have appeared if not suppressed, the second power generation in the second time zone before and after that Calculated by weighted averaging of quantities.

In this embodiment configured as described above, when the output of the distributed power generation device (power generation device provided on the customer side) is suppressed, the potential power generation amount is calculated with relatively high accuracy by a relatively simple method. it can. Accordingly, the suppressed amount of power generation (the amount of suppressed power) can also be calculated with a relatively simple method and with relatively high accuracy.

For example, one decentralized generator in the area is used as a reference generator, without limiting the output, and based on the output of the reference generator, the potential of another decentralized generator in the same area A configuration for estimating the amount of power generation is also conceivable. However, since there are many types of distributed power generation devices and the performance differs depending on the model, complicated calculations need to be performed to individually calculate the potential power generation amount of the distributed power generation devices in the region. Further, since the power generation amount of the distributed power generation apparatus is a kind of personal information for a consumer, the configuration using another distributed power generation apparatus as a reference power generation apparatus is not preferable from the viewpoint of security and the like.

In the present embodiment, such a problem does not occur, and the potential power generation amount can be relatively accurately and easily estimated for each of the distributed power generation devices.

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram including a control device of a distributed power generation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of the power suppression controller 42 for estimating the amount of suppression power. FIG. 3 shows a calculation processing flow of a method of estimating the suppression power amount.

The overall configuration 1 on the customer side is connected to the regional transmission / reception device 2 via the communication network 11. The overall configuration 1 on the customer side includes the control information signal as “control pattern information” created by the area planning device 3, the communication path 23, the area transmitting / receiving device 2, the communication path 22, and the communication network 11. , And communication path 21. The area planning device 3 is a computer system for managing the power demand of a predetermined area, and is also connected to a computer system (not shown) of a power company.

The overall configuration 1 on the customer side is connected to the power system 9 via the transmission line 32, the power network 12, and the feed line 31. The whole configuration 1 on the customer side purchases the power from the power system 9 when the power generation amount of the solar power generation device 47 can not meet the power demand. On the contrary, when the power generation amount of the power generation device 47 such as a solar power generation device remains, the entire device configuration 1 on the customer side supplies the surplus power to the power grid 9 and sells it to the power company can do.

The overall configuration 1 on the customer side is, for example, the configuration 41 in the building of the customer, the customer side transmission / reception device 51, the power generation meter 52, the surplus meter 53, the power meter 54, the transformer 55, power The

sensor

79, 80, 81,

signal lines

67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 76 for connecting them, and

power lines

71, 72, 73, 78 are included.

The configuration 41 in the building of the customer includes, for example, the power suppression controller 42, the power conditioner (hereinafter, PCS) 43, the distribution board 44, the operation display device 45, the results database 46, “distributed generation The apparatus includes a power generation device 47 as a device and an electrical device 49 as an electrical load. The electric device 49 is different depending on the type of customer, and includes, for example, a lighting device, an air conditioner, a refrigerator, an electric motor, and the like. Examples of the power generation device 47 include a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, and the like. The power generation device 47 may be connected to a power storage device (not shown).

In FIG. 1, broken lines connecting devices indicate communication lines, and solid lines indicate power lines. The communication method may be either a wired method or a wireless method. The power suppression controller 42 is connected to the operation display device 45 via the communication line 62, is connected to the performance database 46 via the communication line 63, and is connected to the PCS 43 via the communication line 61. And the communication line 67 are connected. Further, the power suppression controller 42 is connected to the power sensor 81 via the communication line 70, is connected to the power sensor 80 via the communication line 69, and is connected to the power sensor 79 via the communication line 68.

The PCS 43 is connected to the power generation device 47 via the power line 64, and is connected to the power generation meter 52 via the power line 71. The distribution board 44 is connected to the electric device 49 via the power line 66, is connected to the power generation meter 52 via the power line 72, and is connected to the surplus meter 53 via the power line 73.

The customer side transmitting / receiving apparatus 51 transmits various information on the customer side to the area planning device 3 or receives a control signal (suppression information signal) from the area planning device 3. The customer-side transmitting / receiving device 51 is connected to the power generation meter 52 via the communication line 74, connected to the surplus meter 53 via the communication line 75, and connected to the power meter 54 via the communication line 76. Furthermore, the customer-side transmitting and receiving device 51 is connected to the area-side transmitting and receiving device 2 via the communication network 11. The area planning device 3 is connected to the customer side transmission / reception device 51 via the communication line 23 with the region side transmission / reception device 2 for transmitting and receiving information.

The power suppression controller 42 is connected to each of the

power sensors

81, 80, 79 via the sensor data receiving unit 423, and takes in the amount of power measured by the

sensors

81, 80, 79. The power sensor 81 measures the power generated by the power generation device 47 on the way from the PCS 43 to the power generation meter 52. The power sensor 80 measures the amount of power between the distribution board 44 and the surplus meter 53. The power sensor 79 measures the amount of power between the surplus meter 53 and the power meter 54.

The power suppression controller 42 stores the power data taken from each of the

power sensors

81, 80, 79, the calculation result of the power suppression controller 42, etc. in the results database 46, and the power data from the results database 46 in the past Or read the calculation result. In addition, the power suppression controller 42 transmits control data to the PCS 43 via the PCS communication unit 422. Furthermore, the power suppression controller 42 transmits display data to the operation display device 45 via the operation display communication unit 421.

The operation display device 45 is a man-machine interface unit for exchanging information with a user (demander). The operation display device 45 has a display function and an operation function. The operation display device 45 displays the display data received from the power suppression controller 42. The display data can include, for example, information such as measured power amount, potential power generation amount, and suppression power amount. The operation display device 45 can also request the power suppression controller 42 to transmit necessary information by the operation function. The operation display device 45 may be configured to request information from the power suppression controller 42 in response to a manual operation by the user, or the power suppression is automatically performed when a predetermined condition is satisfied, such as when a predetermined date and time arrives. The controller 42 may be configured to request information.

The operation display device 45 can be configured as a dedicated device for display and operation. A versatile personal computer, a mobile phone, a portable information terminal, a television device or the like may be used as the operation display device 45.

The power generation meter 52 measures the amount of power generation of the power generation device 47. The power generation meter 52 is installed in order to be able to sell all the power generated by the power generation device 47. The surplus meter 53 and the power meter 54 are meters that measure only one direction of the flow of power. The surplus meter 53 counts up the amount of power when the power generation of the power generation device 47 is larger than the power consumption of the electric device 49, and does not count otherwise.

The power meter 54 counts up the amount of power when the power generation of the power generation device 47 is less than the power consumption of the electric device 49, and does not count otherwise. If the

power sensors

79, 80 can switch the power direction in the positive or negative direction based on the current direction, the power values will be the same value. That is, the absolute value of the measurement value of the power sensor 79 and the absolute value of the measurement value of the power sensor 80 are equal.

The DC power generated by the power generation device 47 is converted to an alternating current by the PCS 43 and then sent to the distribution board 44 via the power generation meter 52. The power consumed by the electric device 49 such as a refrigerator, an air conditioner, and a lighting device is supplied from the distribution board 44.

The distribution board 44 is connected to the transformer 55 via a surplus meter 53, a power meter 54, and the like. Surplus power generated by the customer is sent to the power system 9 via the distribution board 44 or the like, and power insufficient for the customer is supplied from the power system 9 to the electric device 49 via the distribution board 44 or the like. Be done. That is, the electric power used by the electric device 49 is divided into two types, that is, one supplied from the electric power system 9 via the transformer 55 and the electric power generated by the power generation device 47.

In the example of FIG. 1, the power suppression controller 42 controls the amount of power between the PCS 43 and the power generation meter 52 by the power sensor 81 and the amount of power between the distribution board 44 and the surplus meter 53 by the power sensor 80. The case has been described in which the amount of power between the power meter and the power meter 54 is measured by the power sensor 79, respectively.

Instead of this, the power suppression controller 42 receives the power amount data measured by the power generation meter 52 and the power amount data measured by the surplus meter 53 and the power meter 54 via the customer side transmission / reception device 51. May be In this case, the

power sensors

81, 80, 79, and the

communication lines

70, 69, 68 between the

sensors

81, 80, 79 and the power suppression controller 42 are also unnecessary.

However, in general, the

power sensors

81, 80, 79 are installed by the consumer in order to measure their own amount of power. On the other hand, the power generation meter 52, the surplus meter 53, and the power meter 54 are installed by the power supplier to calculate the power rate and the like. Therefore, the power supplier does not necessarily disclose the power amount data measured by each of the

meters

52, 53, 54 to the consumer from the viewpoint of security and the like. When the power amount data of each

meter

52, 53, 54 can not be used, the

power sensors

81, 80, 79 are used.

The area planning device 3 transmits information for suppressing the output of the power generation device 47 to the area transmitting / receiving device 2. This information is sent from the area side transmission / reception device 2 to the customer side transmission / reception device 51 via the communication network 11 or the like. This information is ultimately sent to the power suppression controller 42.

The information for suppressing the output of the power generation device 47, which is created by the area planning device 3, includes information for identifying a customer to be suppressed, a day to be suppressed, and a time zone to be suppressed as described later. And the upper limit value of the power amount.

When at least a part of the information is previously defined as a pattern, the pattern number for specifying the defined pattern may be transmitted from the area planning device 3 to the power suppression controller 42. The power suppression controller 42 stores in advance a table that associates the pattern number with the pattern content, and determines the received pattern number based on the table. Thereby, the power suppression controller 42 can determine whether the customer provided with the own device is the customer targeted for suppression, or can set the time zone targeted for suppression and the upper limit of power consumption etc. .

The PCS 43 normally controls to maximize the output of the power generating device 47. Here, FIG. 5 is referred to. FIG. 5 is an IV curve showing the relationship between the voltage V and the current I of the power generation device 47 (for example, a solar power generation device) which is a control target of the PCS 43. For example, in the case of the voltage Vm and the current Im, the number 1 which is the product of the two becomes the power W of the solar power generation.

By changing the voltage Vm by the PCS 43, the relationship between the voltage V and the power W shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. As can be seen from this graph, by changing the voltage V in the direction in which the power W increases, it is possible to control the voltage to be the maximum power. Since the voltage to be the maximum power changes depending on the amount of solar radiation and the like, it is adjusted as needed. Similarly, by adjusting the voltage, when the target power is equal to or less than the maximum power, the target power can be obtained.

The power suppression controller 42 for estimating the potential power generation amount and the suppression power amount is configured as, for example, a computer system provided with a microprocessor, a memory, a communication interface, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 2, the power suppression controller 42 has, for example, a control unit 411, a suppression related information receiving unit 412, a suppression pattern expanding unit 413, a meter value loading processing unit 414, and a determination processing unit 415. A suppression condition setting unit 416, a data storage processing unit 417, a suppression amount estimation processing unit 418, a request data capture transmission unit 419, an operation display communication unit 421, a PCS communication unit 422, a sensor data reception unit 423, and A consumer communication unit 424 is provided.

The control unit 411 performs data exchange between the processing units 412 to 424 and processing and processing of data for smoothly performing the processing functions of the processing units 412 to 424, and operates the entire processing normally. Let In addition, the control unit 411 issues a processing request for storing data in the results database 46 or issues a processing request for extracting data from the results database 46.

The suppression related information receiving unit 412 receives information on the suppression of the power generation amount created by the area planning device 3 from the customer side communication unit 424 and takes in the information. The suppression pattern expanding unit 413 determines whether the user is a consumer to be suppressed, based on the information related to the suppression received by the suppression related information receiving unit 412. If it is determined that the customer is a consumer targeted for suppression, the suppression pattern expanding unit 413 expands the suppression target day, the suppression time zone, and the upper limit value (also referred to as output upper limit value) of the power generation amount based on the received pattern number and the like. Do.

The information on the output upper limit value transmitted from the area planning device 3 can be set, for example, as a ratio to the rated power of the power generation device 47. In that case, the product of the rated capacity of the PCS 42 or the rated power of the power generation device 47 and the instructed ratio is the output upper limit value. The meter value taking-in processing unit 414 takes in the amount of power measured by the

power sensors

79, 80, 81 via the sensor data receiving unit 423. The determination processing unit 415 determines whether or not it is a time zone in which the power generation amount (power generation output) of the power generation device 47 is suppressed.

The suppression condition setting unit 416 transmits, to the PCS 43 via the PCS communication unit 422, the latest amount of power acquired by the meter value acquisition processing unit 414 and the value of the output upper limit value calculated by the suppression pattern expansion unit 413. .

The suppression amount estimation processing unit 418 determines the amount of power that should have been obtained if it was not suppressed in the time zone in which the amount of power generation was suppressed based on the amount of power measured by the

power sensors

79, 80, 81 (latency Target power generation). The difference between the potential power generation amount and the output upper limit value in the suppression time zone is intentionally suppressed power, and is referred to as suppression power amount in the present specification. Further, the suppression amount estimation processing unit 418 calculates the charge based on the suppression power amount and the power purchase fee and the power sale charge stored in the results database 46. This calculated charge can be the basis of the compensation amount for the reduction of the power generation of the customer.

The data storage processing unit 417 transmits the amount of power measured by the

power sensors

79, 80, 81 and the amount of suppression power and charge calculated by the suppression amount estimation processing unit 418 to the actual result database 46 via the operation display communication unit 421. Store in Further, the potential power generation amount may be stored in the results database 46.

The request data acquisition transmission unit 419 acquires data requested by the operation from the operation display device 45 from the result database 46 and transmits the data to the operation display device 45.

A process for estimating the potential power generation amount and the suppression power amount will be described with reference to the process flows shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing processing for estimating the latent power generation amount and the suppression power amount, which is mainly executed by the power suppression controller 42. Some steps are processed in circuits other than the power suppression controller 42.

In step S401, the power suppression controller 42 receives the suppression information shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows an example of suppression information as “control pattern information”.

The suppression information includes, for example, an area number, a consumer group number, a suppression date, a pattern number, a suppression amount, a suppression control start time, a suppression control end time, a time interval for performing suppression, and a correction Includes start and end of correction.

The area number is information for identifying each area managed by the area planning device 3. The customer group number is information for identifying a customer group consisting of one or more customers existing in the area designated by the area number. A suppression day is a day on which the amount of power generation is suppressed.

The pattern number determines whether to suppress the amount of power generation based on the measurement value of the power sensor 81 that measures the output of the power generation device 47 or to suppress the amount of power generation based on the value measured by the power sensor 79 It is a thing. For example, when the pattern number is “1”, control is performed based on the measurement value of the power sensor 81. When suppressing the amount of power generation on the customer side based on the power generation output from the power generation device 47, “1” is set to the pattern number. When the pattern number is "2", control is performed based on the measurement value of the power sensor 79. In the case where the amount of power generation on the customer side is suppressed based on the amount of reverse power flow to the power system 9, "2" is set as the pattern number. That is, when “2” is set as the pattern number, the occurrence of reverse power flow is set as the suppression start condition.

The suppression amount indicates the amount of suppression of the power generation amount, and is set, for example, as a ratio (%) to the rated power generation amount or the rated capacity. The value obtained by subtracting the suppression amount from the rated power generation amount or rated capacity is the output upper limit value. When the amount of suppression is specified as a ratio, a value obtained by multiplying the rated power generation amount or rated capacity by the suppression rate is the output upper limit value.

The start time of the suppression control is the time to start the suppression control of the power generation amount. The end time of the suppression control is the time when the suppression control of the power generation amount is ended. The time interval is information for defining an interval of appearance of a time zone (suppression time zone) in which the amount of power generation is suppressed. The correction start is information for adjusting the time when the suppression of the power generation amount is started. The correction end is information for adjusting the time when the suppression of the power generation amount is ended.

First, in step S402, the power suppression controller 42 is provided with the “area number” and the “customer group number” in the suppression information received in step S401 by the suppression related information receiving unit 412. Determine if it corresponds to a certain customer.

If the user is not a consumer of the apparatus, the power suppression controller 42 sets the output upper limit value to the rated capacity of the PCS 43 or the rated output of the power generation device 47. If there is a possibility that more power may be output under the conditions for the rated output of the power generation equipment,
The output upper limit value may be set to, for example, about twice the rated output.

In step S402, the power suppression controller 42 sets the reference time of the process to "24 o'clock". Furthermore, in step S402, the power suppression controller 42 suppresses based on the measurement value of the power sensor 81 based on the "pattern number" in the suppression information, or suppresses based on the measurement value of the power sensor 79. Determine if

In step S402, the power suppression controller 42 determines the output upper limit value by multiplying the rated capacity of the PCS 43 or the power generation device 47 by the numerical value designated by the “suppression amount” in the suppression information. For example, assuming that the rated capacity is 3 kW and the amount of suppression is 60%, the output upper limit value is “1.8 kW”.

According to the suppression information shown in FIG. 7, the time at which the suppression time zone for suppressing the power generation amount on the customer side is first started is "8 o'clock", and the time at which the last suppression time zone ends is "19:00 ". Although the time when the last suppression time zone is started is "18 o'clock", since the time interval is specified as 60 minutes, the end time of the last suppression time zone is 19:00. Therefore, in step S402, the power suppression controller 42 develops the start time and the end time of the power generation amount suppression on a time chart as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, the first time period (suppression time period) to start suppression of the power generation is 60 minutes from 8:00 to 9:00, and the second suppression time period is from 10:00 to 11:00 For 60 minutes, and thereafter, a suppression time zone is provided every one hour. The final suppression window is 60 minutes from 18:00 to 19:00. Between the suppression time zone and the suppression time zone, a time zone (non-suppression time zone) in which the power generation amount on the customer side is not suppressed is set for 60 minutes. In the suppression time zone corresponding to the “first time zone”, power can be generated only up to the output upper limit value smaller than the rated output (or rated capacity). On the other hand, in the non-suppression time zone corresponding to the "second time zone", power can be generated up to the rated output.

In step S403, the power suppression controller 42 causes the meter value take-in processing unit 414 to read the power values measured by the

power sensors

79, 80, and 81, respectively. Note that, as described above, instead of the power suppression controller 42 directly reading the measurement values of the

power sensors

79, 80, 81, the power suppression controller 42 transmits the

meters

52, 53, 54 via the consumer side transceiver device 51. It may be configured to read the measured value of.

The power suppression controller 42 causes the determination processing unit 415 to process step S404, step S405, step S406 and step S407. In step S404, the power suppression controller 42 determines whether the current time exceeds “24 o'clock,” which is the reference time of this process, and if one day is over (S404: YES), End the process. If not (S404: NO), the power suppression controller 42 determines in step S405 whether it exceeds the suppression end time or is before the suppression start time. If not (S405: NO), the power suppression controller 42 determines in step S406 whether the current time is in the suppression time zone.

If it is the suppression time zone (S406: YES), the power suppression controller 42 confirms whether the occurrence of the reverse power flow is the start condition of the generation amount suppression, and if the generation of the reverse power flow is the condition of the suppression start, It is determined whether the power direction of the power sensor 79 is flowing from the customer side to the power system side (S407).

If power is flowing from the customer side to the power grid side (S407: YES), the power suppression controller 42 proceeds to step S408. In addition, also when generation | occurrence | production of reverse power flow is not the conditions of suppression start, it moves to step S408.

If the determination result in step S405 is Yes, or if the determination result in S406 is No, or if the determination result in S407 is No, then the process proceeds to step S414. In step S414, the measured value (meter value) of the power sensor is transmitted to the PCS 42 without suppressing the amount of power generation.

The suppression condition setting unit 416 of the power suppression controller 42 processes steps S408 and S413. In steps S408 and S413, an output upper limit value and a meter value to be transmitted are set.

Here, in step S408, since the suppression time zone is targeted, the output upper limit value corresponding to the current time is selected among the output upper limit values developed in the pattern in step S402. This output upper limit value corresponds to the "first upper limit value". In addition, since step S414 is not a suppression time zone, the value which cancelled | released suppression, ie, an output upper limit, is set to a rated output. This output upper limit value corresponds to the "second upper limit value".

Moreover, as a meter value of transmission object, when suppressing based on the output from the electric power generating apparatus 47, the measured value of the electric power sensor 81 is used, when suppressed based on the electric energy of reverse power flow, the measured value of the electric power sensor 79 Use The power suppression controller 42 transmits the set output upper limit value and the measurement value of the power sensor to the PCS 43.

Step S409 is processed by the PCS 43. The PCS 43 adjusts the output of the power generation device 47 based on the output upper limit value sent from the suppression condition setting unit 416 and the measurement value of the power sensor.

The operation of the PCS 43 is shown in the flowchart of FIG. In step S501, the PCS 43 receives the output upper limit value sent from the suppression condition setting unit 416 and the measurement value of the power sensor (also referred to as a meter value).

In step S502, the PCS 43 determines whether the meter value exceeds the output upper limit value. When it has exceeded (S502: YES), the PCS 43 suppresses the output of the power generating device 47 by adjusting the voltage (S503). If not (S502: NO), the PCS 43 adjusts the voltage to increase the output of the power generating device 47 (S504).

Return to FIG. The data storage processing unit 417 processes steps S409 and S410. The power suppression controller 42 integrates the power until it becomes the unit of the suppression time zone (S409). For example, if the suppression time zone is set to one hour, the power suppression controller 42 integrates the power for one hour until every hour.

The power suppression controller 42 determines whether it is time to store the data in the performance database 46 (S410). If it is not the data storage time (S410: NO), the process moves to step S413. If the data storage time has come (S410: YES), the power suppression controller 42 stores the power integration value (hereinafter also referred to as an integration value) measured by the

power sensors

79, 80, 81 in the results database 46 (S411) . The power suppression controller 42 stores the integrated power value in the performance database 46, and at the same time, initializes the integrated value so far to zero.

Step S412 is processed by the suppression amount estimation processing unit 418 for estimating the suppression power amount and the potential power generation amount. The power suppression controller 42 calculates the integrated values of the

power sensors

79 and 81 in the suppression time zone to be estimated and the

power sensors

79 and 81 in two non-inhibition time zones adjacent to the suppression time zone to be estimated. The integrated value and the actual value database 46 are read.

The case where suppression is performed using the integrated value of the power sensor 79 will be described by taking the conditions shown in the suppression information shown in FIG. 7 as an example. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9, the integrated value of the power sensor 79 in the suppression time zone t is PV (t), and the power sensor 79 at the non-suppression time (t-1) located immediately before the suppression time zone t. The integrated value of the electric power sensor 79 is PV (t-1), and the integrated value of the power sensor 79 in the non-suppression time zone (t + 1) located immediately after the suppression time zone t is PV (t + 1).

In the suppression time zone, the potential power generation amount PVest (t) that would have been obtained if it did not suppress, is shown in the equation 2 in the immediately preceding non-suppression time zone (t-1). It can be calculated as an average value of the integrated value PV (t-1) and the integrated value PV (t + 1) in the immediately following non-suppression time zone (t + 1).

In the suppression time zone t, the electric energy dPV (t) estimated to be actually suppressed is the potential generation amount PVest (t) and the value for which the output is permitted (that is, the suppression time), as shown in Equation 3. It can be obtained as a difference from PV (t) which is the output upper limit value of the band.

Here, in two consumers who belong to the same consumer group, the case where the rated capacity and suppression amount (suppression rate) of the power generation device 47 which each consumer has is the same is examined. In this case, by shifting the suppression time zone of each customer by one hour, it is possible to set the suppression rate when the two power generating devices 47 as a whole are viewed as a constant value.

For example, one power generating device 47 is suppressed at a suppression rate of 60% from 12 o'clock to 13 o'clock, and the suppression is released from 13 o'clock to 14 o'clock, and the other power generating device 47 is released from 12 o'clock to 13 o'clock In the example, the suppression rate is 60% from 13:00 to 14:00.

In this case, between 12 o'clock and 13 o'clock, one of the power generation devices 47 has a 60% output, and the other power generation device 47 has a 100% output. Therefore, in the time zone from 12 o'clock to 13 o'clock, the output of the two power generating devices 47 as a whole becomes 80%. Similarly, the output of the two power generating devices 47 as a whole is 80% even in the time from 13 o'clock to 14 o'clock. That is, by shifting the period of the rectangular wave of the suppression pattern by a predetermined amount, it is possible to stably suppress the power generation output of the entire customer group.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 9, when the pattern for suppressing the output is formed as a rectangular wave pattern, the output of the power generation device 47 changes rapidly at the boundary between the suppression time zone and the non-suppression time zone. Such a sudden output change is not preferable for the power system 9 as well as for the electric equipment 49 of the customer.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, the output suppression may be started earlier by a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes) than the suppression start time, and the suppression end time may be delayed by a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes).

FIG. 11 is a suppression pattern for adjusting the output according to the suppression information of FIG. Comparing FIG. 11 with FIG. 9, in FIG. 11, since the output adjustment (output suppression) is started 5 minutes before the suppression start time, the graph shape at the start is inclined. Similarly, in order to delay the suppression end time by 5 minutes, the graph shape at the end is also inclined.

In the example shown in FIG. 11, the suppression amount (suppression rate) of the suppression time zone does not become 60%. Since the output upper limit value is increased by the inclination, the average output upper limit value is slightly increased as shown by the thin solid line. As shown in FIG. 11, the pattern for suppressing the power generation output is changed from a rectangular wave rising vertically and falling vertically to a trapezoidal pattern rising with inclination and falling with inclination, as compared to the case of FIG. Output fluctuation can be reduced.

The output increase ePV (t) due to the increase in the output upper limit of the suppression time zone can be calculated according to Equation 4.

If the power increase ePV (t) in the suppression time zone is distributed in half to the non-suppression time zone located immediately before and after the suppression time zone, the corrected output time nPV (t) of the suppression time zone, and The output nPV (t-1) of the non-suppression time zone (t-1) and the output nPV (t + 1) of the non-suppression time zone (t + 1) immediately thereafter can be calculated according to Equation 5.

Further, using the output after this correction, the potential power generation amount in the suppression time zone t can be calculated as an average value of the outputs of the non-suppression time zones before and after that . Moreover, the suppression electric energy can be calculated | required as a difference of a latent electric power generation amount and an output upper limit, as the several 3 said.

Another example of the suppression pattern will be described. The case of following the suppression condition defined in the suppression information shown in FIG. 12 will be described. FIG. 13 is a graph of the suppression pattern based on FIG. Although FIG. 13 and FIG. 7 are substantially the same, in the suppression pattern of FIG. 13, since the suppression end time is set 5 minutes late, it has a predetermined inclination at the start time and end time.

The suppression rate of the suppression time zone t in the case shown in FIG. 13 is not 60%, and the output upper limit is increased by the slope. The average value of the output upper limit value in the suppression time zone t is indicated by a thin solid line. As shown in FIG. 13, the output fluctuation can be reduced as described in FIG. 11 by giving an inclination to the falling and rising of the output. The output increase amount ePV (t) accompanying the increase of the output upper limit value of the suppression time zone can be calculated from the above-mentioned Expression 4.

When this increase ePV (t) is distributed to the non-suppression time zone (t + 1) immediately after the suppression time zone t, the output nPV (t) in the post-correction suppression time zone t and the immediately preceding non-suppression time ( The output nPV (t-1) at t-1) and nPV (t + 1) which is the output of the non-suppression time zone (t + 1) immediately after that can be calculated from Expression 7.

When the increase ePV (t) is allocated to the non-suppression time zone (t-1) immediately before the suppression time zone t, nPV (t), nPV (t-1) and nPV (t + 1) It can be calculated.

Assuming that the estimated output (potential power generation amount) in the suppression time zone t is the average value of the outputs after the above correction as in the case of the above equation (2), it can be calculated according to the above equation (6). Moreover, suppression electric energy can be calculated by said several 3.

Yet another example of a suppression pattern is described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. The suppression pattern in the case based on the suppression conditions prescribed | regulated to the suppression information shown in FIG. 14 is shown in FIG.

The suppression pattern of FIG. 15 is almost the same as the suppression pattern shown in FIG. 7, but the suppression start time is set five minutes earlier, and has a slope corresponding to the five minutes earlier suppression start. Therefore, also in this case, the suppression rate in the suppression time zone t is not 60%, and the output upper limit slightly increases by the slope. Therefore, the average of the output upper limit value is shown in FIG. 15 as a thin solid line.

As shown in FIG. 15, by providing the rising and falling of the suppression pattern with a slope, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation of the output as compared to the case of using the suppression pattern having vertical rising and falling. The output increase amount ePV (t) due to the increase of the output upper limit value of the suppression time zone can be calculated by the above equation 4.

When this output increment ePV (t) is distributed to the non-suppression time zone (t + 1) immediately after the suppression time zone t, the output nPV (t) at time t after correction and the non-suppression time (t-1) And the output nPV (t + 1) of the non-suppression time zone (t + 1) can be calculated by the above equation 7.

Alternatively, when this output increment ePV (t) is allocated to the immediately preceding non-suppression time zone (t-1), nPV (t), nPV (t-1), nPV (t + 1) is the number 8 described above. It can be calculated from

Similarly, in the case where the suppression control is performed so that the measured value of the electric power sensor 81 becomes equal to or less than the output upper limit value, and in the case where the reverse flow amount measured by the electric power sensor 79 is suppressed as equal to or less than the output upper limit value The potential power generation amount and the suppression power amount can be calculated using several 2 to several 8.

In step S413 in FIG. 3, the power suppression controller 42 measures the measured values of the

power sensors

79, 80, 81, the potential power generation amount (estimated power amount when not suppressed), the suppression power amount and the correction power amount Are stored in the results database 46. Furthermore, the power suppression controller 42 calculates the power purchase fee or the power sale fee for each time slot using these power amounts and the power purchase unit price and the power sale unit price read from the results database 46.

After storing the data in the record database 46 in step S413, the power suppression controller 42 returns to step S403 again.

Next, the operation display device 45 will be described. FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 show examples of screens displayed on the operation display device 45. FIG. FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are screen examples when the output of the power generation device 47 is suppressed based on the value of the power sensor 81. FIG. 18 is a screen example in the case where the output of the power generation device 47 is suppressed based on the value of the power sensor 79.

The operation display device 45 requests the request data acquisition transmission unit 419 of the power suppression controller 42 to transmit the power amount data, the charge data, and the like stored in the performance database 46. When the operation display device 45 receives information from the power suppression controller 42, the operation display device 45 displays the received data on the screen as a graph, a numerical value, and the like.

The screen 101 of FIG. 16 will be described. The screen 101 displays information on daytime (current) power generation. An area 102 displays the current date and time. An area 103 displays the current weather. Area 104 displays a message. For example, it is possible to display a warning message on output suppression, such as "Today is the day when output suppression is performed. The suppression rate is set to 60% of the rating." When the output of the power generation device 47 is not suppressed, the region 104 does not display a warning message.

The button 105 is a button for turning on / off the power of the operation display device 45. Currently, it is ON.

The graph 106 displays the time change of the current power generation state. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is power generation. The solid line 107 shows the suppression pattern. A hatched bar graph 108 shows the power generation results of the power generation device 47. The black bar graph 109 indicates the amount of suppression power.

Table 111 displays the sum of the power generation results of the day, the sum of the estimated suppression power amount, the sum of the sum of the power generation results and the sum of the suppression power amount, and the prediction of the power generation amount. Table 112 displays the power generation result of this month, the total value of the suppression power amount, and the sum of the power generation result and the total value of the suppression power amount. Table 113 displays information indicating whether or not to suppress the power generation output, the suppression pattern, the suppression rate for determining the output upper limit value, and the suppression reason.

The button 114 is a button for displaying information on the power demand at the customer. The button 115 is a button for displaying information on the power generation of the power generation device 47. The button 116 is a button for displaying information on the charge. Buttons 117 to 119 are for setting a display target period, and one of them is selected. A button 117 displays information on today's daytime. A button 118 displays information for one day today. A button 119 displays information for one month.

When the "daytime" button 117 is selected, the situation on that day is displayed graphically on an hourly basis, and when the "day" button 118 is selected, the daily aggregated value is displayed graphically. When the monthly button 119 is selected, monthly aggregated values are displayed graphically.

Two items selected in FIG. 16 are the “power generation” button 115 and the “daytime” button 117. One of the

buttons

114, 115 and 116 is selected. The graph 106 is a display when the power generation button 115 is selected.

A display example when the demand button 114 is selected is shown in FIG. When the charge button 116 is selected, the charge information is displayed.

When the setting button 120 is selected, a setting screen (not shown) for setting a purchase unit price, a sale unit price and the like according to season or time zone is displayed.

The operation display device 45 requests the power suppression controller 42 to transmit necessary information in accordance with the button selected by the user (demander). The request data acquisition transmission unit 419 of the power suppression controller 42 reads out and acquires the requested data from the record database 46, and transmits the data to the operation display unit 45.

When the day button 118 is selected, the operation display device 45 periodically acquires data from the results database 46 and updates the screen display.

In FIG. 17, the power generation button 115 and the day button 118 are selected. The horizontal axis of the graph 121 is a date, and the vertical axis is a power sale income. The graph 121 is a bar graph of the power sale income collected on a daily basis. The hatched bar graph 123 is the income (sales charge) when the actual generated power is sold to the power company. The black bar graph 122 indicates the power sale income (sales compensation amount) by the amount of suppressed power.

Table 124 is the sum of the actual sales income today, the sum of the compensation amount based on the suppression power amount, the sum of the actual sales revenue total and the sum of the compensation amount based on the suppression power amount, and the power sales income forecast And are displayed. Table 125 adjacent to Table 124 is the sum of the actual sales revenue of the current month, the sum of the compensation amount based on the suppression power amount, and the sum of the actual result of the selling income and the sum of the compensation amount based on the suppression power amount Is displayed.

FIG. 18 is a screen example in the case where a restriction is given to the amount of reverse flow power. The measurement value of the power sensor 79 that measures the amount of reversely flowing power is the sum of the power consumption (power demand) by the electric device 49 and the power generation by the power generation device 47. Therefore, when the “power generation and demand” button 216 is selected, the horizontal axis of the graph 210 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the total value of power consumption and power generation.

The white bar graph 212 indicates that the power demand is higher. For example, when the power generation device 47 is a solar power generation device, power generation is over at night because power is not generated. A hatched bar graph 213 indicates that power generation is more than power demand, and surplus power causing reverse power flow is generated. The black bar graph 214 shows the suppressed reverse power flow, that is, the estimated amount of suppressed power.

Table 215 shows the sum total of the surplus power of today, the sum total of the suppression power amount, the sum of the sum total of the surplus power and the suppression power amount, and the predicted value of the surplus power amount. Table 216 shows the sum total of the surplus power of this month, the sum total of the suppression power amount, and the sum of the sum total of the surplus power and the suppression power amount.

In this embodiment configured as described above, when the output of the power generation device 47 is suppressed, the potential power generation amount and the suppression power amount can be calculated with relatively high accuracy by a relatively simple method. Therefore, the contribution of the customer can be fairly evaluated and compensated. Therefore, even when a large number of power generation devices 47 are connected to the power system 9, the stability of the power system can be maintained with the cooperation of each customer.

A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The following embodiments including the present embodiment correspond to modifications of the first embodiment, and therefore, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

In the first embodiment, the power generation meter 52, the surplus meter 53, and the power meter 54 are installed so as to be compatible with the whole power purchase system of the power generated by the power generation device 47 and the purchase system of the surplus power. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, an example of a configuration corresponding to only the purchase system of surplus power will be described with reference to FIG.

In the overall configuration 1A on the customer side shown in FIG. 19, only the power generation meter 52 and the power meter 54 are installed, and the surplus meter 53 is not provided. Further, since the surplus meter 53 is not provided in the present embodiment, the entire configuration 1A includes the power sensor 81 for detecting the power from the distribution board 44 to the power generation meter 52 and the power from the power meter 54 to the distribution board 44. Only the power sensor 79 for detecting the In the present embodiment, the measurement value of the power sensor 81 is used in consideration of the direction of the power. The present embodiment configured in this way also exhibits the same effects as the first embodiment.

A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment corresponds to the whole amount purchasing system. The overall configuration 1B on the customer side illustrated in FIG. 20 includes only the power generation meter 52 and the power meter 54, and does not include the surplus meter 53. Furthermore, the overall configuration 1B of the present embodiment includes only the power sensor 81 for measuring the power between the distribution board 44 and the power generation meter 52, and does not include the

other power sensors

79 and 80.

The power generation meter 52 measures the power generated by the power generation device 47 and flowing into the distribution board 44 via the PCS 43. The generated power is also measured by the power sensor 81. The power consumed by the electric device 49 is supplied from the power system 9 to the customer via the transformer 55, and the value is measured by the power meter 54.

Thus, in the present embodiment, power generation and power consumption flow independently without joining at the distribution board 44. The generated power is measured by the power sensor 81. The power consumption is measured by the power sensor 79. The present embodiment configured in this way also exhibits the same effects as the first embodiment.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art can make various additions and modifications within the scope of the present invention. For example, the suppression time zone and the non-suppression time zone need not have the same length of time. In addition, for example, in a predetermined time zone during the daytime when the power demand is strong or solar power generation is large, the cycle of the suppression time zone and the non-suppression time zone is set shorter than the normal cycle (every 60 minutes) It may be a configuration. Furthermore, although the rectangular wave pattern and the trapezoidal pattern which is a kind of rectangular wave pattern have been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, other shape patterns such as triangular wave pattern and sine wave pattern may be used. .

1, 1A, 1B: Overall configuration on the customer side, 3: Area planning device, 42: Power suppression controller, 43: PCS, 44: Distribution board, 45: Operation display device, 46: Achievement database, 47: Power generation equipment

Claims

A control device for a distributed power generation system that suppresses the amount of power generation of the distributed power generation device and estimates the suppressed amount of power generation,
A power generation amount measurement unit that measures the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device;
The control pattern information for controlling the power generation amount of the dispersed power generation apparatus, the control pattern information including at least one of a first time zone for suppressing the power generation amount and a second time zone for not suppressing the power generation amount. A control pattern setting unit configured to control the amount of power generation of the distributed power generation device by setting a generated power control unit that controls the amount of power generation of the distributed power generation device;
The first power generation amount in the first time zone and the second power generation amount in the second time zone are acquired from the power generation amount measuring unit, and the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount are used to A power generation amount estimation unit for estimating a potential power generation amount that would be obtained if the distributed power generation device did not suppress power generation in one hour zone;
A controller of a distributed power generation device, comprising:
The control pattern information includes a first pattern portion for suppressing the first power generation amount in the first time zone to a predetermined first upper limit value, and a second power generation amount in the second time zone as a predetermined second time. And a second pattern portion for suppressing the upper limit value.
The second upper limit value is set to be equal to or more than the maximum power generation amount of the distributed power generation device.
The control device of the distributed power generation device according to claim 1.
The power generation amount estimation unit calculates a difference between the potential power generation amount and the first upper limit value as a suppression power amount, when the potential power generation amount is equal to or more than the first upper limit value.
The control device of the distributed power generation device according to claim 2.
A plurality of each of the first pattern portion and the second pattern portion are set in the control pattern information,
The potential power generation amount estimation unit determines the potential power generation amount in the first time zone, the second power generation amount in the at least one second time zone adjacent to the first time zone, and the first time zone Calculated based on the first amount of power generation in
The control apparatus of the distributed power generation apparatus of Claim 3.
The control pattern information is formed such that the first pattern portion and the second pattern portion appear alternately.
The control apparatus of the distributed power generation apparatus of Claim 4.
The control pattern information is set such that the first time zone and the second time zone are the same time.
The control device of the distributed power generation device according to claim 5.
The first time zone and the second time zone are set to the same time,
The control pattern information is formed as a rectangular wave pattern in which the first pattern portion and the second pattern portion appear alternately.
The control apparatus of the distributed power generation apparatus of Claim 6.
The control pattern information is formed such that the rising portion and the falling portion of the first pattern portion and the rising portion and the falling portion of the second pattern portion are inclined at a predetermined angle, respectively.
The control apparatus of the distributed power generation device according to claim 7.
The control pattern information is created by a planning device for controlling the power demand of the area or building where the distributed power generation device is installed.
A control device of a distributed power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
A display device for displaying the potential power generation amount calculated by the power generation amount estimation unit;
The control device of the distributed power generation device according to claim 9.
Causing the display unit to convert the potential power generation amount into an electricity bill and display it
The control device of the distributed power generation device according to claim 10.
A control method of a distributed power generation system, which suppresses the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device and estimates the suppressed power generation amount,
The control pattern information for controlling the power generation amount of the dispersed power generation apparatus, the control pattern information including at least one of a first time zone for suppressing the power generation amount and a second time zone for not suppressing the power generation amount. Step to get,
Controlling the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device by setting the received control pattern information in a power generation amount control unit that controls the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device;
Acquiring each of the first power generation amount in the first time zone and the second power generation amount in the second time zone from a measurement unit for measuring the power generation amount of the distributed power generation apparatus;
Based on the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount, in order to estimate a potential power generation amount that would be obtained if the distributed power generation device did not suppress power generation in the first time zone. Step and
Method of controlling a distributed power plant to perform
The control pattern information includes a first pattern portion for suppressing the first power generation amount in the first time zone to a predetermined first upper limit value, and a second power generation amount in the second time zone as a predetermined second time. And a second pattern portion for suppressing the upper limit value.
The second upper limit value is set to be equal to or more than the maximum power generation amount of the distributed power generation device.
The control method of the distributed power generation device according to claim 11.