WO2013115999A1 - Intelligent dialogue amongst competitive user applications - Google Patents
Intelligent dialogue amongst competitive user applications Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013115999A1 WO2013115999A1 PCT/US2013/021852 US2013021852W WO2013115999A1 WO 2013115999 A1 WO2013115999 A1 WO 2013115999A1 US 2013021852 W US2013021852 W US 2013021852W WO 2013115999 A1 WO2013115999 A1 WO 2013115999A1
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
- G06Q30/0281—Customer communication at a business location, e.g. providing product or service information, consulting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
- G06F11/3672—Test management
- G06F11/3692—Test management for test results analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/70—Software maintenance or management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/451—Execution arrangements for user interfaces
Definitions
- Embodiments of the invention generally relate to information technology, and, more particularly, to dialogue systems.
- a user can choose what search engine to use or what messenger to use.
- the application suggests to the user that another application may be eliminated or suppressed in some ways. If the user agrees to the noted application elimination/suppression, a message may be presented that informs the user that an application is attempting to remove/suppress the relevant application and asks the user to confirm this decision.
- An exemplary computer-implemented method for enabling communication between at least two computer applications that is observable to a user can include steps of obtaining a description of functions for each of the at least two computer applications, comparing the description of functions for each of the at least two computer applications, generating a dialog between the at least two applications based on the comparing of the description of functions for each of the at least two computer applications, and making the dialog available to a user.
- Another aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of an article of manufacture tangibly embodying computer readable instructions which, when implemented, cause a computer to carry out a plurality of method steps, as described herein. Furthermore, another aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of an apparatus including a memory and at least one processor that is coupled to the memory and operative to perform noted method steps.
- the means can include (i) hardware module(s), (ii) software module(s), or (iii) a combination of hardware and software modules; any of (i)-(iii) implement the specific techniques set forth herein, and the software modules are stored in a tangible computer-readable storage medium (or multiple such media).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating system components, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating components for function comparison, according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating components of a dialogue controller module, according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating techniques for enabling communication between at least two computer applications that is observable to a user, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a system diagram of an exemplary computer system on which at least one embodiment of the invention can be implemented.
- an aspect of the present invention includes an intelligent dialogue system for competitive user applications.
- An example embodiment of the invention includes a comparative application dialogue system (CADS) enabling different applications to have a dialogue that is observed by a user.
- a user can view the conclusion of the dialogue between the two systems and/or watch the dialogue and ultimately decide which application to choose.
- ADS comparative application dialogue system
- An example of such dialogue between a first user application (Appl) and a second user application (App2) can include the following:
- a summary table of the above dialogue may appear as follows:
- the products In order for products to participate in the CADS system of an example embodiment of the invention, the products must make available a description X_i of the product Y_i in some format.
- Making dialog information available to a user can also include rendering the dialog in a user-discernable format.
- some sentences in a product description are tagged (that is, labeled), giving a high level description of a content.
- a product description of chat capabilities can be described as:
- OPERATE can have other names such as "open” or "move.” Name2 can include things such as button, or windows, or file, etc. Therefore, OPERATE OBJECT can cover possible text utterances that describe product description that are related to performing some actions on some objects. Such tags allow the construction of a dialog that is based on the following: Can your product allow ATTRIBUTE CATEGORY?
- CADS system which, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the invention, will generate the dialogue between systems, correlate the dialogue with any meta data available (for example, user feedback) and provide the user with a summary well as the full dialogue. If a product does not provide a description, the CADS system can, in at least one embodiment of the invention, attempt to infer a description from available meta data.
- An aspect of the invention additionally allows for the CADS system to be networked. This allows users to view which applications are preferred over others based on considerations such as past history, etc. Accordingly, the CADS component can obtain and display application preference information to a user. Further, conflict resolutions can be categorized based on area, language, culture, etc. to cater to specific demographics of people.
- users have the ability to participate in the dialogue to influence the final decision or general direction of the conversation between the applications.
- applications can opt to work together to defeat another competing application, thus forming cooperation between them.
- a chat system can say that it allows a search by using some search application, and then this search application states that another chat is not compatible with this search application in some way.
- applications can use analyses of their product descriptions and make decisions on whether they compete or can collaborate. If they decide that they can collaborate, the applications can share their tags that allow associations with their product description dialogues.
- the techniques detailed herein provide a capability for at least two different computer applications to communicate (for example, residing on different machines), and can include the use of at least one processor, a CADS component executable by the processor, and at least two different computer applications each having a description X_i of their product Y_i in some format.
- the CADS component is adapted to obtain a description X_i of their product Y_i in some format for each application, generate a dialog between the applications, and generate dialog information available to a user.
- At least one embodiment of the invention can additionally include at least one rendering device for rendering dialog information to a user.
- a rendering device can include, for example, an audio component, a visual display component, as well as a communication component for connecting the CADS component to a network.
- a comparative application dialogue system of at least one embodiment of the invention is used to facilitate machines to carry out discussion between themselves by speaking (that is, producing communication messages that humans can hear).
- the communication can occurs within the CADS system as a debate, where a machine presents certain points about their algorithm, and another machine understands the content of the debate and presents a counter argument.
- machines can have individual semantic processing systems and can produce messages that a human understands but that another machine does not understand.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating system components, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 depicts blocks 100, which represent competitive applications in a user's computer.
- Block 101 represents a function extraction system, which summarizes main functions from the applications' user manual and other documents, and outputs a function list for each application, represented by blocks 102.
- Block 103 represents a function comparison module, which compares the function list of each application and summarizes the functions in a function table, represented by block 104.
- a function table summarizes the functions of every application, for example, with a format as follows:
- Block 105 represents a dialogue controller, which generates debates in a natural language for the applications based on the function table and user inputs, and outputs the final summarization table (also represented by block 104) according to the dialogue.
- Block 106 represents a user of the computer and applications who interacts with the machine via natural language. His/her attitude and emotion status about the current dialogue can be also captured and analyzed by sensors (block 107) and emotion detector (block 108).
- Block 107 represents these sensors that capture user parameters and current status. For example, a camera can be used to capture the user's gestures and facial expressions, a microphone can be used for voice input, and additional sensors can be used to detect physical data such as temperature, blood pressure, electric conductivity of the skin, etc.
- block 108 represents an emotion detector to analyze the user's emotion and attitude status based on signal streams captured by the sensors.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating components for function comparison, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 depicts subcomponents of the function comparison module depicted as component 103 in FIG. 1.
- function lists 102 are provided as input.
- block 200 represents a description extraction module, which extracts relevant descriptions from user documents for each function of the applications.
- Block 201 represents a function clustering module, which clusters similar functions across the applications.
- block 202 represents a function summarization module, which summarizes the clustered function and generates the function table (such as depicted by component 104 in FIG. 1).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating components of a dialogue controller module (such as depicted as block 105 in FIG. 1), according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 depicts block 300, which represents a difference extraction module, which finds a difference between a pair of applications according to the function table 104, and outputs the difference to a natural language generation module 301 to one of the applications.
- Natural language generation module 301 produces one sentence for the application according to three inputs: the function difference between a pair of applications input by difference extraction module 300, the previously generated output sentence 302, and user inputs (sentence and emotion status).
- block 302 represents the sentence output by the natural language generation module 301, in formats such as the following:
- Block 303 represents a natural language understanding module, which analyzes the user's sentence (for example, from user 106), extracts the meaning and inputs it to natural language generation module 301. Further, block 304 represents an update to the function table according to the current dialogue status.
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Step 402 includes suggesting to a user to use an application (application 1).
- Step 404 includes determining if the user chose application 1. If yes (that is, the user chose application 1), step 406 includes running the application. If no (that is, the user did not chose application 1), step 408 includes determining whether the uses is using a competitive application (application 2). If no (that is, the user is not using competitive application 2), step 402 can be re-visited. If yes, (that is, the user is using competitive application 2), step 410 includes comparing application 1 with application 2. Further, step 412 includes determining why application 1 is better than or preferable to application 2.
- Step 414 includes looking in a user profile to find what argument(s) is most convincing for the user and displaying this argument to the user.
- Step 416 includes determining whether application 2 argues with the arguments of application 1 (from step 414). If yes (that is, application 2 argues with the arguments of application 1), step 422 includes reading the arguments of application 2 and producing new arguments that counter or defy these application 2 arguments (and then re-visiting step 416). If no (that is, application 2 does not argue with the arguments of application 1), step 418 includes determining if the user switched applications. If yes (that is, the user switched to application 1), step 424 includes running application 1. If no (that is, the user did not switch to application 1), step 420 includes producing new arguments.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating techniques for enabling communication between at least two computer applications that is observable to a user, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the at least two computer applications reside on different machines.
- Step 502 includes obtaining a description of functions for each of the at least two computer applications.
- Obtaining a description of functions for each of the computer applications can include inferring the description from available metadata pertaining to an application.
- Step 504 includes comparing the description of functions for each of the at least two computer applications. Comparing the description of functions for the computer applications includes extracting at least one description from a user document for each function of the computer applications.
- An embodiment of the invention can additionally include clustering two or more similar functions across the at least two computer applications, summarizing the clustered functions and generating a function table.
- Step 506 includes generating a dialog between the at least two applications based on the comparing of the description of functions for each of the at least two computer applications.
- the dialog is generated in a natural language.
- Generating a dialog between the applications based on the comparing of the description of functions can include determining a function difference between the computer applications according to the description of functions, and outputting the function difference to a natural language generation module to produce a sentence for one of the at least two computer applications.
- producing a sentence for one of the computer applications can be based on the determined function difference, a previously generated sentence for a different one of the at least two computer applications, and/or a user input.
- user input can include data pertaining to a physical parameter of the user perceived by a sensor and/or data pertaining to a non- physical parameter of the user perceived by a sensor.
- Step 508 includes making the dialog available to a user.
- Making the dialog available to a user can include generating a dialog summary. Additionally, making the dialog available to a user can include rendering the dialog in a user-discernable format (for example, audio, text, graphical or an audio-visual display).
- the techniques depicted in FIG. 5 can additionally include updating the description of functions according to a dialogue.
- An aspect of the invention can also include augmenting the dialog with metadata, such as, for example, metadata that represent semantic, syntax, formal actions, etc.
- the techniques depicted in FIG. 5 can include enabling a user to select one of the at least two computer applications based on the dialog. Additionally, an embodiment of the invention can include displaying application preference information to a user.
- the techniques depicted in FIG. 5 can also, as described herein, include providing a system, wherein the system includes distinct software modules, each of the distinct software modules being embodied on a tangible computer-readable recordable storage medium. All the modules (or any subset thereof) can be on the same medium, or each can be on a different medium, for example.
- the modules can include any or all of the components shown in the figures.
- the modules such as those depicted in FIGs. 1-4, can run, for example, on a hardware processor.
- the method steps can then be carried out using the distinct software modules of the system, as described above, executing on a hardware processor.
- a computer program product can include a tangible computer-readable recordable storage medium with code adapted to be executed to carry out at least one method step described herein, including the provision of the system with the distinct software modules.
- FIG. 5 can be implemented via a computer program product that can include computer useable program code that is stored in a computer readable storage medium in a data processing system, and wherein the computer useable program code was downloaded over a network from a remote data processing system.
- the computer program product can include computer useable program code that is stored in a computer readable storage medium in a server data processing system, and wherein the computer useable program code are downloaded over a network to a remote data processing system for use in a computer readable storage medium with the remote system.
- aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a "circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in a computer readable medium having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
- An aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of an apparatus including a memory and at least one processor that is coupled to the memory and operative to perform exemplary method steps.
- an aspect of the present invention can make use of software running on a general purpose computer or workstation.
- a general purpose computer or workstation might employ, for example, a processor 602, a memory 604, and an input/output interface formed, for example, by a display 606 and a keyboard 608.
- the term "processor” as used herein is intended to include any processing device, such as, for example, one that includes a CPU (central processing unit) and/or other forms of processing circuitry. Further, the term “processor” may refer to more than one individual processor.
- memory is intended to include memory associated with a processor or CPU, such as, for example, RAM (random access memory), ROM (read only memory), a fixed memory device (for example, hard drive), a removable memory device (for example, diskette), a flash memory and the like.
- input/output interface is intended to include, for example, a mechanism for inputting data to the processing unit (for example, mouse), and a mechanism for providing results associated with the processing unit (for example, printer).
- the processor 602, memory 604, and input/output interface such as display 606 and keyboard 608 can be interconnected, for example, via bus 610 as part of a data processing unit 612.
- Suitable interconnections can also be provided to a network interface 614, such as a network card, which can be provided to interface with a computer network, and to a media interface 616, such as a diskette or CD-ROM drive, which can be provided to interface with media 618.
- a network interface 614 such as a network card
- a media interface 616 such as a diskette or CD-ROM drive
- computer software including instructions or code for performing the methodologies of the invention, as described herein, may be stored in an associated memory devices (for example, ROM, fixed or removable memory) and, when ready to be utilized, loaded in part or in whole (for example, into RAM) and implemented by a CPU.
- ROM read-only memory
- RAM random access memory
- Such software could include, but is not limited to, firmware, resident software, microcode, and the like.
- a data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor 602 coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements 604 through a system bus 610.
- the memory elements can include local memory employed during actual implementation of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during implementation.
- I O devices including but not limited to keyboards 608, displays 606, pointing devices, and the like
- I O devices can be coupled to the system either directly (such as via bus 610) or through intervening I/O controllers (omitted for clarity).
- Network adapters such as network interface 614 may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
- a "server” includes a physical data processing system (for example, system 612 as shown in FIG. 6) running a server program. It will be understood that such a physical server may or may not include a display and keyboard.
- aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in a computer readable medium having computer readable program code embodied thereon. Also, any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized.
- the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
- a computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
- a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
- a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof.
- a computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
- Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using an appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
- Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of at least one programming language, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages.
- the program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
- the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
- LAN local area network
- WAN wide area network
- Internet Service Provider for example, AT&T, MCI, Sprint, EarthLink, MSN, GTE, etc.
- an aspect of the invention includes an article of manufacture tangibly embodying computer readable instructions which, when implemented, cause a computer to carry out a plurality of method steps as described herein.
- the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
- each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, component, segment, or portion of code, which comprises at least one executable instruction for implementing the specified logical function(s).
- the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
- any of the methods described herein can include an additional step of providing a system comprising distinct software modules embodied on a computer readable storage medium; the modules can include, for example, any or all of the components detailed herein.
- the method steps can then be carried out using the distinct software modules and/or sub-modules of the system, as described above, executing on a hardware processor 602.
- a computer program product can include a computer-readable storage medium with code adapted to be implemented to carry out at least one method step described herein, including the provision of the system with the distinct software modules.
- At least one aspect of the present invention may provide a beneficial effect such as, for example, providing a comparative application dialogue system to enable different applications to have a dialogue that is observed by a user.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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