WO2013113267A1 - 太阳能综合应用系统及其实现方法 - Google Patents

太阳能综合应用系统及其实现方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013113267A1
WO2013113267A1 PCT/CN2013/070992 CN2013070992W WO2013113267A1 WO 2013113267 A1 WO2013113267 A1 WO 2013113267A1 CN 2013070992 W CN2013070992 W CN 2013070992W WO 2013113267 A1 WO2013113267 A1 WO 2013113267A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
air conditioner
waste
solar
steam
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PCT/CN2013/070992
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞琦
俞忠良
林筱华
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Yu Qi
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Publication of WO2013113267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013113267A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/08—Use of accumulators and the plant being specially adapted for a specific use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar energy thermal energy comprehensive application system, and more particularly to a low-cost, high-efficiency solar energy spectrum comprehensive application system, which can be implemented from multiple ranges and occasions such as a family, a community, a city or a region. ⁇ Mohua promotion.
  • the traditional solar heat utilization is only pure solar power generation, pure solar air conditioning or pure solar water heaters. It has not been integrated and applied, resulting in various degrees of efficiency loss.
  • Solar thermal power generation - domestic and external thermal power generation such as tower solar thermal power generation, trough solar thermal power generation, dish solar thermal power generation or Ningxia Hanas New Energy Group's investment in Asia's first trough solar-gas Combined cycle (ISCC) power generation, only considering the use of steam turbines or gas turbines (external combustion engines) to generate electricity, the required temperatures are very high. It is necessary to find a medium that is liquid at normal temperature, does not gasify in the operating temperature range and under normal pressure, and has a large heat storage unit, good thermal conductivity, and good fluidity. These conditions are too harsh for materials. At present, it is used for solar thermal power generation. It is a highly corrosive molten salt. It is solid at normal temperature in the operating temperature range. It must become a liquid when it reaches a certain temperature (such as about 200 degrees), which brings safety hazards to the operation of the power station. .
  • a certain temperature such as about 200 degrees
  • Solar water heaters - 99,9 percent of the solar electromagnetic radiation is concentrated in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions (where: infrared light accounts for 48.3 percent, visible light accounts for 43 percent, and ultraviolet light accounts for 8.7 percent).
  • the range of solar radiation observed on the ground is approximately 0.295 nm ⁇ 2.5nm. Solar radiation shorter than 0.295 nm and greater than 2.5 nm cannot reach the ground due to the strong absorption of ozone, water vapor and other atmospheric molecules in the Earth's atmosphere.
  • the existing solar thermal utilization has many defects from any one sheep application direction, especially the thermal conversion efficiency is low, and it is urgent to improve this.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a solar energy comprehensive application system and an implementation method thereof, to solve the problem of improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar heat energy, and at the same time to achieve the burden reduction of environmental pollution.
  • the present invention provides a solar energy comprehensive application system, which is characterized in that: the system has more than one solar heat collecting device, a high temperature heat storage device connected to all solar heat collecting devices and concentrated, and a high temperature a steam furnace connected in a circulating manner of a heat storage device, a waste heat generator and a heat exchanger sequentially connected to a steam oven exhaust port, wherein the heat exchanger has a heat release circuit between a waste heat generator discharge port and a steam furnace, and another All the way through the hot water outlet to the outside of the heat absorption circuit.
  • the system further includes a central air conditioner connected to the waste heat generator, and the drain port of the central air conditioner is connected to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger has a heat release circuit between the waste heat generator and the central air conditioner and the steam furnace And another heat-absorbing circuit connected to the outside through the hot water outlet, the central air-conditioning is an absorption air conditioner or an adsorption air conditioner.
  • the solar energy integrated application system is a home application type, and has only one An external solar heat collecting device and a steam furnace, wherein the electric output of the waste heat generator is connected to the household power grid, and the waste steam of the waste heat generator is connected to the central air conditioner for household heating, and the waste liquid of the central air conditioner is heated.
  • An exothermic circuit of the exchanger, the hot ice outlet of the heat exchanger being connected to the domestic hot water network.
  • the solar energy integrated application system is a cell application type, and has a plurality of solar collector devices distributed in a plurality of points, and the steam furnace, the waste heat generator, the central air conditioner, and the heat exchanger are collectively disposed in the cell, and are entertained.
  • the electric output of the waste heat generator is connected to the residential power grid, and the waste steam of the waste heat generator is connected to the central air conditioner of the district heating, and the waste liquid of the central air conditioner is passed to the heat release circuit of the heat exchanger, and the hot ice of the heat exchanger
  • the output port is connected to the district hot water network.
  • the solar energy integrated application system is a city or regional application type, and has a solar heat collecting device disposed in an open area, and the steam furnace, the waste heat generator, the central air conditioner, and the heat exchanger are collectively disposed on the solar heat collecting device.
  • the electric output of the waste heat generator is connected to the city or regional power grid
  • the exhaust gas of the waste heat generator is connected to the central air conditioner of the city heating
  • the waste liquid of the central air conditioner is connected to the heat release circuit of the heat exchanger.
  • the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a hot water user in a city or area.
  • the solar heat collecting device is at least a focus type heat collector, and the heat collector has a control unit that rotates in synchronization with the earth.
  • the present invention provides a method for realizing integrated solar energy, characterized in that: more than one solar focusing heat collecting device absorbs solar heat energy and stores it in a heat storage device, and uses the heat energy in the heat storage device to drive steam.
  • the furnace generates steam, which is used to drive the waste heat generator to generate electric energy to be output to the grid.
  • the waste steam of the waste heat generator is heated by the heat exchange method to provide the user with clean boiling water or warm water.
  • the waste heat generator generates electrical energy to be output to the power grid, and simultaneously adopts
  • the waste steam of the waste heat generator can drive the central air conditioner for heating, and use the exhaust liquid discharged from the air conditioner to heat the domestic water by means of heat exchange, and provide the user with clean boiling water or warm water, wherein the central air conditioner is an absorption air conditioner or adsorption. Air conditioner.
  • only one external solar heat collecting device absorbs solar heat energy and drives the steam furnace to generate steam, and then uses the steam to drive the waste heat generator to generate electric energy to output to the home power grid, and adopts the waste heat generator.
  • the waste steam drives the central air conditioner to heat the home, and uses the waste water discharged from the central air conditioner to heat the domestic water in the household water network by means of heat exchange to provide clean boiling water or warm water to the household users.
  • a plurality of solar collectors distributed by a plurality of points are used to absorb solar heat energy, and after the heat storage device is concentrated, the steam furnace is driven to generate steam, and the steam is used to drive the waste heat generator to generate electric energy to the residential power grid.
  • the output is simultaneously heated by the central air conditioner installed in the steam-driven community of the waste heat generator, and the waste water discharged from the central air conditioner is used to heat the domestic water in the hot water network of the district to provide clean boiling water to the household user or Warm water.
  • the solar thermal energy is absorbed by a large-scale solar heat collecting device located in an open area, and is heated by a high-temperature heat storage device to drive the steam furnace to generate steam, and then the steam-driven waste heat generator is generated.
  • the electric energy is output to the urban or regional power grid, and the waste steam of the waste heat generator is used to drive the central air conditioner for heating.
  • the waste liquid of the central air conditioner is heated by the method of heat exchange, and the hot water user who is concentrated in the city or the area is provided for Clean boiled or warm water.
  • the beneficial effects of applying the technical solution of the present invention are: through a reasonable system architecture, the solar thermal energy can be comprehensively applied through the energy-dividing application device, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of energy loss, and more What is important is that, by making full use of renewable energy, it is also reducing the pressure on the social environment, especially the emission of cerium oxide, in addition to alleviating the pressure on the energy needed for life or industrial production. [Notes attached]
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the integrated solar energy application system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar energy integrated application system according to the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a cost-effective and efficient solar energy integrated application system and an implementation method thereof, which is called "Saipa” (SEPAH) system.
  • the furnace system has more than one solar heat collecting device 1, and a high-temperature heat storage device 2 connected to all of the solar heat collecting devices 1 and concentrated (see Patent Publication No. ZL 200720052026.6 for details:!
  • the exchanger 6 is wherein the central air conditioner 5 is an absorption air conditioner or an adsorption air conditioner (the illustrated air conditioning unit 5) having a central air conditioner 5 discharge port and the steam furnace 3 and the waste heat generator 4
  • the heat release circuits 34, 45, 56, 63 and the other heat absorbing circuits 61, 62 connected to the outside through the hot water outlet.
  • the rotating parabolic mirror is always the most effective device for concentrating sunlight, so
  • the solar collector is read at least as a focused collector, and has a control unit that rotates in synchronization with the earth.
  • the specific implementation method is as follows: one or more solar heat collecting devices 1 absorb solar heat energy and store them in the high temperature heat storage device 2, and use the heat energy in the high temperature heat storage device 2 to drive the steam furnace 3 to generate low pressure steam (about 20 CTC), and then use the
  • the steam-driven waste heat generator 4 generates electricity to the grid, and uses the waste steam (about 13 CTC) of the waste heat generator 4 to drive
  • the central air conditioner 5 performs heating or cooling, and uses the waste liquid discharged from the central air conditioner 5 (about 100) to heat the domestic water through the heat exchanger 6, and provides the user with clean boiling water or warm water, wherein the central air conditioner is an absorption air conditioner or adsorption. Air conditioner.
  • Embodiment 1 Building a home application type solar integrated application system in a home application, the system has only one external solar heat collecting device 1 and a steam furnace 3, and the waste heat generator 4, the home central air conditioner 5, and the heat exchanger 6 It can be placed where the user thinks it is appropriate, or it can be set indoors.
  • the electric output of the waste heat generator 4 is connected to the home power grid, and the liquid of the central air conditioner 5 is introduced into the heat release circuit of the heat exchanger 6, and the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the household water network.
  • the external solar collector 1 it is generally applicable in the north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Cancer, and the intermediate floor can also be installed on the outer wall with a south or north.
  • an external solar heat collecting device 1 is used to absorb solar heat energy and drive the steam furnace 3 to generate steam, and then use the steam to drive the waste heat generator 4 to generate electric energy for output to the home power grid, and adopt waste of the waste heat generator 4
  • the steam-driven home central air conditioner 5 heats and cools the home, and uses the heat exhausted by the air conditioner 5 to heat the domestic water in the household water network through the heat exchanger 6, and provides the household user with clean boiling water or warm ice. This makes it possible to meet the needs of households, such as electricity, heat (cold), boiling water or warm water, while efficiently utilizing the solar thermal energy absorbed by the solar heat collecting device 1.
  • Embodiment 2 Constructing a cell application type solar energy comprehensive application system in a cell application, the system having a plurality of solar collector devices 1 distributed in multiple points, which can be located on the roof of each building in the community, north or south of the Tropic of Cancer The area south of the tropic line can also be installed in the middle
  • the floor has an outer wall or an open area to the south or north.
  • the steam furnace 3, the residual heat generator 4, the central air conditioner 5, and the heat exchanger 6 are collectively disposed in one of the cells as a utility area, and the electric power of the waste heat generator 4 is connected to the residential power grid, and the central air conditioner 5 To supply heat or cooling to the user, the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the district hot water network.
  • a plurality of solar collectors 1 distributed by multiple points absorb solar heat energy, and after the heat storage device 2 is concentrated, the steam furnace 3 is driven to generate steam, and then the steam is used to drive the waste heat generator 4 to generate electric energy to the residential grid.
  • the central air conditioner 5 in the residential area of the waste heat generator 4 is used for heating or cooling, and the waste water discharged from the central air conditioner 5 is used to heat the domestic water in the hot water network of the district through the heat exchanger 6, and is provided to the user. Clean boiled or warm water. This can meet the needs of most users in the community, such as electricity, heating or cold, boiling water or warm water, and the solar thermal energy utilization efficiency is significantly improved.
  • Example 3 Construction of a city or regional application-type solar integrated application system in urban or regional applications, which is located in an open area (usually in the suburbs of the city or in areas with solar radiation), above the road, parking lot Large-scale solar collectors 1 are set up above, on the river (lake, sea) side, on the south slope, on the wetland, on the top floor of the building, etc. (focusing on large-scale applications, the specific number depends on the size and demand of the site)
  • the steam furnace 3, the residual heat generator 4, the central air conditioner 5, and the heat exchanger 6 are collectively disposed around the solar heat collecting device 1.
  • the electric output generated by the waste heat generator 4 can be directly connected to the urban or regional power grid, and the waste steam discharge port of the waste heat generator 4 is directly connected to the heat release circuit of the central air conditioner 5 followed by the heat exchanger 6, and the heat exchange is performed.
  • the hot water grabs 61, 62 of the device 6 are connected to a hot ice net in a city or area to provide hot water or warm water to the hot water user.
  • the central air conditioning 5 in the rear section and the application of boiling water or warm water it is relatively far away from densely populated areas (you can also skip the air conditioning) This step), that is, as shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchanger has a heat release circuit 34 46, 63' between the exhaust port of the waste heat generator 4 and the steam furnace 3, and another passage through the hot water outlet
  • the externally connected heat absorption circuits 61, 62 directly form a clean boiling water or warm water, and the access point of the hot ice outlet may be relative to the sheep, preferring industrial and mining enterprises or neighboring communities with a large amount of hot water loss. user.
  • the solar heat collecting device 1 is configured to absorb solar heat energy, and after the heat storage device 2 is concentrated, the steam furnace 3 is driven to generate steam, and then the steam-driven waste heat generator 4 can generate electricity for output to a city or a regional power grid, and waste heat is used to generate electricity.
  • the waste steam of the machine 4 directly heats the domestic water through the heat exchange method, and provides clean boiling water or warm ice to the hot water users distributed in the city or the area.
  • China's total emissions in 2010 were 8.33 billion tons (the global total emissions were 33.16 billion tons), and this technology
  • the implementation of the program can effectively reduce more than 70% of China's dioxide emissions.
  • solar thermal energy can be effectively integrated through the application of energy-dividing stages, which effectively reduces the possibility of energy loss and, more importantly, through the full utilization of renewable energy.
  • energy-dividing stages effectively reduces the possibility of energy loss and, more importantly, through the full utilization of renewable energy.
  • it has also greatly reduced the pressure on the social environment.

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Abstract

一种太阳能综合应用系统及其实现方法，集太阳能聚焦、储能、发电、空调、热水供应多功能于一体，该系统具有一个以上太阳能集热装置、储热装置、蒸汽炉、余热发电机、中央空调及热交换器。太阳能集热装置吸收太阳热能并存入高温储热装置，利用其中热能驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽驱动余热发电机发电向电网输出，同时采用余热发电机的废汽驱动中央空调供暖，并利用空调排出的废液热交换加热生活用水，向用户提供开水或温水。应用本技术方案，通过合理的系统架构，使得太阳能热能通过分能级的应用装置得以高效率地综合利用，切实减少了能量流失的可能性；在缓解生活必须或工业生产所需能源方面的压力的同时也大幅减轻了对社会环境的破坏。

Description

太阳能综合应用 ¾统及其实现方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种太阳能热能综合应用系统， 更具体地说， 涉及一 种低成本、高效率太阳能全频谱的综合应用系统，可以从家庭、小区、 城巿或区域等多范围、 多场合实施《 ^莫化推广。
【背景技术】
传统的太阳能热利用只有单纯的太阳能发电、 单纯的太阳能空 调或单纯的太阳能热水器， 未有将其综合起来应用，故造成多方面不 同程度的效率流失， 以下分別具体来看。
太阳能热发电——国内、 外在热发电领域中， 如塔式太阳能热 发电、槽式太阳能热发电、碟式太阳能热发电或宁夏哈纳斯新能源集 团投资的亚洲首个槽式太阳能-燃气联合循环 （ISCC )发电， 仅考虑 用蒸汽轮机或燃汽轮机（外燃机）来发电， 所需的温度均很高。 需要 找到一种介质在常温下是液体，工作温度范围内和常压下不发生气化， 同时单位储热量要大， 导热性能要好， 流动性要好， 这些条件对材料 来讲过于苛刻。 目前用于太阳能热发电的是腐蚀性极强的熔融盐， 在 运行温度范围内， 常温下为固体， 要到达一定温度（如 200度左右） 才成为液体， 这给电站运行带来了安全隐患。
太阳能空调——某太阳能研究所早在九十年代就已拿出产品；在 天津及奥运会上亦有产品在运行， 目前还未能达到实用推广阶段。
太阳能热水器——太阳电磁辐射中 99,9 %的能量集中在红外区， 可见光区和紫外区 （其中： 红外光占百分之 48.3、 可见光占百分之 43、紫外光占 8.7 )。在地面观测的太阳辐射波段范围大约为 0.295nm ~ 2.5nm。 短于 0.295nm和大于 2.5nm波长的太阳辐射， 因地球大气中 臭氧、 水气和其它大气分子的强烈吸收， 不能到达地面。
目前太阳能热水器产品均是非聚焦的， 不能全频谱利用。 故现 有的太阳能热水器的热利用效率均非常低，水箱与之又組成一体产品 4艮重， 管接口又常常漏水， 楼顶住户往往不愿意其它住户安装。 虽然 亦已推出安装在凉台上用的太阳能热水器产品，终因效果低于一般的 太阳能热水器产品而 4艮难推广，近期又在太阳能热水器的水中发现有 亚硝酸盐这样的致癌物质。
综上来看， 现有太阳能热利用从任何一个羊一应用方向均存在 诸多缺陷， 特别是热转化效率不同程度低下， 急需对此作出改善。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的旨在提出太阳能综合应用系统及其实现方法， 以 解决提高太阳能热能综合利用效率的问題，同时实现环境污染的减负。
本发明为实现的上述一个 ¾的，提供一种太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在于： 所述系统具有一个以上太阳能集热装置， 与全部太阳能 集热装置相连并汇聚的高温储热装置，与高温储热装置循环相连的蒸 汽炉， 与蒸汽炉排气口顺次相连的余热发电机、 热交换器， 所述热交 换器具有一路余热发电机排放口与蒸汽炉之间的放热回路和另一路 通过热水出氷口与外界相连的吸热回路。
进一步地， 所述系统还包括与余热发电机相连的中央空调， 中 央空调的排水口与热交换器相连，所述热交换器具有一路余热发电机、 中央空调与蒸汽炉之间的放热回路和另一路通过热水出水口与外界 相连的吸热回路， 中央空调为吸收式空调或吸附式空调。
进一步地， 所述太阳能综合应用系统为家處应用型， 仅具有一 个外置的太阳能集热装置及蒸汽炉，且所述余热发电机的电输出接入 家庭电网，余热发电机所具的废汽接入家用供暖的中央空调， 中央空 调的废液通入热交换器的放热回路，所述热交换器的热氷出水口接入 家庭热水网。
进一步地， 所述太阳能综合应用系统为小区应用型， 具有多点 分布的数个太阳能集热装置， 所述蒸汽炉、 余热发电机、 中央空调和 热交换器集中设置于小区中，且所迷余热发电机的电输出接入小区电 网， 余热发电机所具的废汽接入小区供暖的中央空调， 中央空调的废 液通入热交换器的放热回路，所述热交换器的热氷输出口接入小区热 水网。
进一步地， 所述太阳能综合应用系统为城巿或区域应用型， 具 有设于空旷地带的太阳能集热装置， 所述蒸汽炉、 余热发电机、 中央 空调和热交换器集中设置于太阳能集热装置周边，所述余热发电机的 电输出接入城巿或区域电网，且余热发电机所具的盧汽排放连接至城 市供暖的中央空调， 中央空调的废液通入热交换器的放热回路， 所述 热交换器的热水输出口接入城市或区域内的热水用户。
更进一步地， 所述太阳能集热装置至少为聚焦式的集热器， 且 所述集热器具有与地球同步旋转的控制单元。
本发明为实现的上述另一个目的, 提供一种太阳能综合应用实 现方法， 其特征在于： 采用一个以上太阳能聚焦集热装置吸收太阳热 能并存入储热装置， 利用储热装置中的热能驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽， 进 而利用该蒸汽驱动余热发电机产生电能向电网输出，同时采用余热发 电机的废汽通过热交换的方法加热生活用水，向最终用户提供清洁的 开水或温水。
进一步地， 所述的余热发电机产生电能向电网输出， 同时采用 余热发电机的废汽可以驱动中央空调进行取暖，并利用空调排出的疲 液通过热交换的方法加热生活用水，向最终用户提供清洁的开水或温 水， 其中所述中央空调为吸收式空调或吸附式空调。
进一步地，在家庭应用中，仅利用一个外置的太阳能集热装置吸 收太阳热能并驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽，进而利用所述蒸汽驱动余热发电 机产生电能向家庭电网输出，同时采用余热发电机的废汽驱动中央空 调对家庭进行供暖，并利用中央空调排出的废水通过热交换的方法加 热家庭水网中的生活用水， 向家庭用户提供清洁的开水或温水。
进一步地， 在小区应用中， 利用多点分布的数个太阳能集热装 置吸收太阳热能， 并通过储热装置汇聚后驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽， 进而 利用所述蒸汽驱动余热发电机产生电能向小区电网输出，同时采用余 热发电机的庾汽驱动小区内安置的中央空调进行供暖，并利用中央空 调排出的废水通过热交换的方法加热小区热水网中的生活用水，向家 庭用户提供清洁的开水或温水。
进一步地，在城市或区域应用中， 利用设于空旷地带的规模化太 阳能集热装置吸收太阳热能，并通过高温储热装置汇聚后驱动蒸汽炉 产生蒸汽，进而利用所述蒸汽驱动余热发电机产生电能向城市或区域 电网输出， 同时采用余热发电机的废汽驱动中央空调进行供暖， 中央 空调的废液经热交换的方法加热生活用水，向城市或区域内集中分布 的热水用户 ^是供清洁的开水或温水。
较之于现有技术， 应用本发明技术方案的有益效果是： 通过合 理的系统架构 ,使得太阳能热能通过分能级的应用装置得以高效率地 综合应用， 切实減少了能量流失的可能性， 更重要的是， 通过对可再 生能源的充分利用，在緩解生活必须或工业生产所需能源方面的压力 外， 也大幅减轻了对社会环境， 特別是二氧化禳排放量方面的压力。 【附困说明】
图 1 为本; ^明太阳能综合应用系统的架构示意图。
图 2 为本发明太阳能综合应用系统的架构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
针对现有技术在太阳能全光 ΐ發应用上的低效率问题， 本发明提 出了一种高性价比、 高效的太阳能综合应用系统及其实现方法， 该系 统或称之为"赛帕"（SEPAH ) 系统。 概括来看， 如图 1所示， 爐系统 具有一个以上太阳能集热装置 1， 与全部太阳能集热装置 1相连并汇 聚的高温储热装置 2(详见专利号为 ZL 200720052026.6 的公开说明：!, 与储热装置循环相连的蒸汽炉 3， 与蒸汽炉 3排气口顺次相连的余热 发电机（即图示的发电机組 4 )、 中央空调 5, 以及与中央空调排水口 相连的热交换器 6。其中该中央空调 5为吸收式空调或吸附式空调（图 示的空调机组 5 )，该热交换器具有一路中央空调 5排液口与蒸汽炉 3 以及余热发电机 4之间的放热回路 34、 45、 56、 63和另一路通过热 水出水口与外界相连的吸热回路 61、 62。 在太阳能热利用领域， 旋 转抛物面反射镜一直是会聚太阳光最有效的装置，故其中读太阳能集 热装置至少为聚焦式的集热器， 且具有与地球同步旋转的控制单元。
其具体实现方法为： 采用一个以上太阳能集热装置 1吸收太阳 热能并存入高温储热装置 2 , 利用高温储热装置 2中的热能驱动蒸汽 炉 3产生低压蒸汽（约 20CTC )， 进而利用该蒸汽驱动余热发电机 4 发电向电网输送， 同时采用余热发电机 4的废汽（约 13CTC )驱动中 央空调 5进行供暖或供冷,并利用中央空调 5排出的废液 (约 100 ) 通过热交换器 6加热生活用水， 向用户提供清洁的开水或温水， 其中 该中央空调为吸收式空调或吸附式空调。
根据本发明在不同场合、规模下的应用，给出如下三个实施例。 实施例 1:在家庭应用中构建家庭应用型太阳能综合应用系统， 该系统仅具有一个外置的太阳能集热装置 1及蒸汽炉 3, 而余热发电 机 4、家用中央空调 5和热交换器 6可以安置在用户认为合适的地方， 也可以室内设置。该余热发电机 4的电输出接入家庭电网， 中央空调 5的盧液通入热交换器 6的放热回路， 该热交换器 6的热水出水口接 入家庭水网。对于外置的太阳能集热装置 1的设置，通常在北回归线 以北或南回归线以南的范围内可广泛适用，中间楼层也可安装在有向 南或向北的外墙壁上。
在应用实现过程中， 利用一个外置的太阳能集热装置 1吸收太 阳热能并驱动蒸汽炉 3产生蒸汽，进而利用蒸汽驱动余热发电机 4产 生电能向家庭电网输出，同时采用余热发电机 4的废汽驱动家用中央 空调 5对家庭进行供暖、供冷，并利用空调 5排出的疲氷通过热交换 器 6加热家庭水网中的生活用水，向家庭用户提供清洁的开水或温氷。 由此即可满足以家庭为单位的电、 热 （冷）、 开水或温水等多方面需 求， 同时高效利用了太阳能集热装置 1所吸收的太阳能热能。
实施例 2 ：在小区应用中构建小区应用型太阳能综合应用系统， 该系统具有多点分布的数个太阳能集热装置 1， 可以设在小区内每栋 楼宇的屋顶，在北回归线以北或南回归线以南的地区，也可安装在中 间楼层有向南或向北的外墙壁上或空旷地带。 而蒸汽炉 3、 余热发电 机 4、 中央空调 5、 热交换器 6集中设置于小区中的某一个作为公用 设施的区域， 且该余热发电机 4的电愉出接入小区电网， 中央空调 5 为用户供热或供冷， 热交换器 6的热水输出口接入小区热水网。
在应用实现过程中， 利用多点分布的数个太阳能集热装置 1吸 收太阳热能， 并通过储热装置 2汇聚后驱动蒸汽炉 3产生蒸汽， 进而 利用蒸汽驱动余热发电机 4产生电能向小区电网输送，同时采用余热 发电机 4的處汽驱动小区内中央空调 5进行供暖或供冷，并利用中央 空调 5排出的废氷通过热交换器 6加热小区热水网中的生活用水，向 用户提供清洁的开水或温水。由此即可满足小区内绝大部分用户的电、 取暖或冷、开水或温水等多方面需求，太阳能热能利用效率显著提高。
实施例 3 ： 在城市或区域应用中构建城市或区域应用型太阳能 综合应用系统， 该系统具有设于空旷地带（通常为城市的郊外或太阳 能辐射量为一类的地区）、 道路上方、停车场上方、 河（湖、 海）边、 朝南山坡地、湿地、建筑物顶层等集中设置规模化的太阳能集热装置 1 (着眼于规模化应用， 其具体数量可视场地大小、 需求而定）， 该蒸 汽炉 3、 余热发电机 4、 中央空调 5和热交换器 6集中设置于太阳能 集热装置 1周边。而该余热发电机 4所发的电输出可以直接接入城市 或区域电网，余热发电机 4所具的废汽排放口直接连中央空调 5后接 热交换器 6的放热回路， 该热交换器 6的热水搶出口 61、 62接入城 市或区域内热氷网， 向热水用户提供开水或温水。 此处由于后段的中 央空调 5及开水或温水应用，相对远离人口密集地区（也可跳过空调 这一环节）， 即： 如图 2所示， 所述热交换器具有一路余热发电机 4 排放口与蒸汽炉 3之间的放热回路 34 46、 63' 和另一路通过热水 出水口与外界相连的吸热回路 61、 62， 直接换热形成清洁的开水或 温水，并且热氷输出口的接入点或许会相对羊一， 偏向于热水损耗量 较大的工矿企业或邻近的小区用户。
在应用实现过程中， 在空旷地带、 道路上方、 停车场上方、 河 (湖、 海）边、 朝南山坡地、 湿地、 建筑.物顶层等集中设置数十个〜 数百个（甚至上千个）的太阳能集热装置 1用来吸收太阳热能， 并通 过储热装置 2汇聚后驱动蒸汽炉 3产生蒸汽，进而利用蒸汽驱动余热 发电机 4所发电能向城市或区域电网输出，同时采用余热发电机 4的 废汽直接通过热交换法加热生活用水，向城市或区域内集中分布的热 水用户提供清洁的开水或温氷。
从坏境效益来看： 在太阳能辐射量为一类地区建一个 70663万 KW的此类太阳能应用系统， 可发电 6万亿 KWh电量， 较之于目前 仍相对主流的火力发电， 可以节约：
6xl012KWhx0.400KG/KWh = 2.400>< 109吨标煤；
6 i012KWhx0.272KG/KW = 1.632χ 109吨瓖粉尘；
6 1012KWlix0.030 G/KWh = 1.800 108吨二氧化硫；
6x l012KWhxO,015 G/ Wh = 9.000>< 108吨氮氧化物；
6x 1012KWhx0.997KG/KWh = 5.982 χ ΐθ9吨二氧化碳。
单就二氧化碳这个指标来看， 根据 BP公布的数据， 中国 2010 年的总排放量为 83.3亿吨（全球的总排放量为 331.6亿吨）， 而本技 术方案的实施， 可以有效降低我国二氧化談排放量的 70%以上。
综上可见，通过合理的系统架构，使得太阳能热能通过分能级的 应用装置得以高效率地综合应用，切实减少了能量流失的可能性， 更 重要的是，通过对可再生能源的充分利用， 在缓解生活必须品或工业 生产所需能源方面的压力外， 也大幅减轻了对社会环境破坏的压力。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在于： 所述系统具有一个以上 太阳能集热装置，与全部太阳能集热装置相连并汇聚的高温储热装置, 与高温储热装置循环相连的蒸汽炉，与蒸汽炉排气口顺次相连的余热 发电机、 热交换器， 所述热交换器具有一路余热发电机排放口与蒸汽 炉之间的放热回路和另一路通过热水出水口与外界相连的吸热回路。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的太阳能综合应用系统， 所述系统还包 括与余热发电«目连的中央空调，中央空调的排氷口与热交换器相连, 所述热交换器具有一路余热发电机、中央空调与蒸汽炉之间的放热回 路和另一路通过热水出水口与外界相连的吸热回路，中央空调为吸收 式空调或吸附式空调。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在于： 所 述太阳能综合应用系统为家庭应用型，仅具有一个外置的太阳能集热 装置及蒸汽炉，且所述余热发电机的电输出接入家庭电网， 余热发电 机所具的盧汽接入家用供暖的中央空调，中央空调的废液通入热交换 器的放热回路， 所述热交换器的热水出水口接入家庭热水网。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在于： 所述太阳能综合应用系统为小区应用型，具有多点分布的数个太阳能 集热装置， 所述蒸汽炉、 余热发电机、 中央空调和热交换器集中设置 于小区中，且所述余热发电机的电输出接入小区电网，余热发电机所 具的废汽接入小区供暖的中央空调，中央空调的废液通入热交换器的 放热回路， 所述热交换器的热水输出口接入小区热水网。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在于： 所述太阳能综合应用系统为城市或区域应用型，具有设于空旷地带的 太阳能集热装置， 所迷蒸汽炉、 余热发电机、 中央空调和热交换器集 中设置于太阳能集热装置周边，所述余热发电机的电输出接入城市或 区域电网，且余热发电机所具的废汽排放连接至城市供暖的中央空调 , 中央空调的废液通入热交换器的放热回路，所述热交换器的热水输出 口接入城市或区域内的热水用户。
6. 根据权利要求 1至 5所述的太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在 于： 所述太阳能集热装置至少为聚焦式的集热器， 且所述集热器具有 与地球同步旋转的控制羊元。
7. 太阳能综合应用实现方法， 其特征在于： 采用一个以上太阳 能聚焦集热装置吸收太阳热能并存入储热装置，利用储热装置中的热 能驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽，进而利用该蒸汽驱动余热发电机产生电能向 电网输出，同时采用余热发电机的废汽通过热交换的方法加热生活用 水， 向最终用户提供清洁的开水或温水。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的太阳能综合应用系统， 其特征在于： 所 述的余热发电机产生电能向电网输出，同时采用余热发电机的废汽可 以驱动中央空调进行取暖，并利用空调排出的废液通过热交换的方法 加热生活用水， 向最终用户提供清洁的开水或温水，其中所述中央空 调为吸收式空调或吸附式空调。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的太阳能综合应用实现方法， 其特征在 于： 在家庭应用中，仅利用一个外置的太阳能集热装置吸收太阳热能 并驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽，进而利用所迷蒸汽驱动余热发电机产生电能 向家庭电网输出，同时采用余热发电机的废汽驱动中央空调对家庭进 行供暖，并利用中央空调排出的废氷通过热交换的方法加热家庭水网 中的生活用水， 向家庭用户提供清洁的开水或温水。
10. 根据权利要求 8所述的太阳能综合应用实现方法， 其特征在 ■ : 在小区应用中， 利用多点分布的数个太阳能集热装置吸收太阳热 能， 并通过储热装置汇聚后驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽， 进而利用所述蒸汽 驱动余热发电机产生电能向小区电网输出，同时采用余热发电机的废 汽驱动小区内安置的中央空调进行供暖，并利用中央空调排出的废水 通过热交换的方法加热小区热水网中的生活用水，向家庭用户提供清 洁的开水或温水。
11. 根据权利要求 8所述的太阳能综合应用实现方法， 其特征在 于： 在城巿或区域应用中， 利用设于空旷地带的规模化太阳能集热装 置吸收太阳热能， 并通过高温储热装置汇聚后驱动蒸汽炉产生蒸汽， 进而利用所述蒸汽驱动余热发电机产生电能向城市或区域电网输出， 同时采用余热发电机的盧汽驱动中央空调进行供暖，中央空调的废液 经热交换的方法加热生活用水，向城巿或区域内集中分布的热水用户 提供清洁的开氷或温水。
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