WO2013113059A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour accroître la capacité humaine à produire des idées et exécuter des tâches demandant de l'intuition par stimulation par courant continu - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour accroître la capacité humaine à produire des idées et exécuter des tâches demandant de l'intuition par stimulation par courant continu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013113059A1
WO2013113059A1 PCT/AU2013/000074 AU2013000074W WO2013113059A1 WO 2013113059 A1 WO2013113059 A1 WO 2013113059A1 AU 2013000074 W AU2013000074 W AU 2013000074W WO 2013113059 A1 WO2013113059 A1 WO 2013113059A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stimulation
brain
idea generation
insight
related tasks
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Application number
PCT/AU2013/000074
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard Po-Hung CHI
Original Assignee
Creativity Cap
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creativity Cap filed Critical Creativity Cap
Publication of WO2013113059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013113059A1/fr
Priority to US14/447,616 priority Critical patent/US20170340879A9/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/22—Electromedical belts, e.g. neck chains, armbands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36082—Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
    • A61N1/36092—Mental training

Definitions

  • This invention relatesto enhancing human ability by applying electrical
  • Baron SQ Qsherson D (201 1 ) Evidence for conceptual combination in the left anterior temporal lobe. Neuroi mage 55:1847-1852.
  • Goldberg E (2009) The new executive brain: frontal lobes in a complex world:
  • transcranial direct current sti mulation modulates activation-induced regional blood flow changes during voluntary movement.
  • JCereb Blood Row Metab 31 2086-2095.
  • Turkeltaub PE Benson 4 Hamilton RH, DattaA, Bikson M, Coslett H (in press) Left later ali zing transcranial direct current sti mulation improves reading efficiency. Brain Sti mulation.
  • DCstimulation commonly known as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
  • tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation
  • the technique involves applying a weak direct current (1-2ma) to the scalp of a person via two saline-soaked sponge electrodes (typically 25-35cm2), thereby polarizing the underlying brain tissuewith electrical fields (Nitsche2008). It has been shown that such DCstimulation can modulate cortical excitability and spontaneous firing activities in the stimulated region by shifting the resting membrane potential (Nitsche, et al .,2003a). Depending on the polarity of the current flow, cortical excitability can be increased dueto sub-threshold membrane depolarization (anodal stimulation) or decreased dueto membrane
  • Treffert (2009) showed that extraordinary skills in autistic savants are often associated with left hemisphere inhibition together with right hemispherefacilitation. Miller (1998) also found that artistic talent can sometimes emerge spontaneously in thosewith dominant (usually left) anterior temporal lobe dementia, dueto adifferent, a more literal way of perceiving the world. These cases suggest the possibility that non-invasive brain stimulation, by inhibitingtheleft anterior temporal lobe or by diminishing left hemisphere dominance, can reducethesaid 'top-down' mechanism, thereby enhance human ability for certain insight related tasks.
  • Some known methods of enhancing cognition with DCstimulation apparently aimsto excitebrain areasinvolved with certain functionsin order to selectively recruit or facilitate human neural networks that are involved for a given task.
  • a method of increasing the productive capability for user idea generation or insight related task of a user comprising the steps of: a) applying an electric current sti mulation to the left anterior temporal lobe of the user's brain during the task.
  • the electric current sti mulation preferably can include a period of
  • the current sti mulation occurs by placing a cathodal electrode on the left hemisphere side of the head of the user and an anodal electrode on the right hemisphere side of the head of the user.
  • the cathodal electrode can be placed adjacent the left anterior temporal lobe of the user's brain.
  • one aspect of our method includes inhibiting the mind'stop- down mechanism that i mposes prior knowledge on thetask at hand. This mitigates the 'mental set' effect during an insight related task.
  • one aspect of the method of the present invention increases the chance that alternative, novel representations of thetasks at hand, often hidden from conscious awareness (for the sake of efficiency i n dealing with thefamiliar) are considered.
  • Cne aspect of our method includes iemporar/ ' /y enabling a person to have aqualitatively different perception of an insight related task.
  • an insight related includes a style of perception that is less influenced by past expectations and more receptive to novel representations.
  • One embodi ment of the present invention includes a method that includes applying the DCsti mulation briefly for aspecific situation. That is, one embodi ment of the present invention is a method that temporarily enables an ability that, without application of the DC sti mulation described herein, is otherwise extremely difficult for the normal human mind. It istheorized that this isdueto a human's cognitive makeup. [0053] In one embodi ment, the DCsti mulation inhibitsthe left anterior temporal lobe, an areathat istheorized to be associated with mental templates or
  • the DC sti mulation inhibitsdi minishes left hemisphere dominance.
  • the inventor has carried out three studiesthat show that one embodiments of the method that include applying cathodal sti mulation of the left anterior temporal lobewhile
  • si multaneously applying anodal sti mulation of the right anterior temporal lobe increase in a measurableway the ability for idea generation or insight related tasks in the human subject on whom the si multaneously sti mulations are applied.
  • Embodiment of the method of DCsti mulation for increasing human ability for insight related tasks are consistent with theory and experi mental evidencethat the left hemisphere is i mportant for processing "well routini zed representations and strategies" and the right hemisphere is "critical for processing novel cognitive situations" (Goldberg 1994).
  • FIG 1 is a schematic example of applying a DCsti mulation method for
  • a cathodal cable 121 to which is coupled acathodal electrode, an anodal cable 122 to which is coupled anodal electrodes is increasing human ability for idea generation and insight related tasks.
  • FIG 2 is aflowchart depicting an embodi ment of a method for applying a DC sti mulation for increasing human ability for an idea generation and/ or insight related task.
  • FIG 3 is an examplewherethe sti mulation method of the present invention is used to enabled solution of a so-called 'unsolvable' problem.
  • a task of the problem is for a human subject to draw four straight lines that connect all ninedots n without lifting a pen from paper and without retracing any line.
  • a majority of published studies show that statistically no participants can sol vet his deceptively si mple problem(Kershaw and Ohlsson, 2004) - afact the inventor confirmed by experi ment. But with 10 minutes of the sti mulation protocol of method embodi ments of the present invention, morethan 40% of healthy participants successfully solved the problem.
  • FIG 4 shows an example illustrating a phenomenon that once humans have learned to solve a problem involving a kind of insight by one method, humans often havedifficulties in generating solutionsto problems involving adifferent kind of insight.
  • FIG 5 illustrates afeature of using embodi ments of the present invention.
  • the present invention relatesto methods for increasing human ability for idea generation and insight related tasks.
  • the method includes applying DC sti mulation at selected brain regions. Tasks involving what commonly is undastood to be "thinking outsidethe box" are difficult. Such tasks for a human subject often requires aqualitatively different perception by the human subject of thetask at hand.
  • embodi ments of a method for facilitating such pursuits by applying DCsti mulation at selected brain areas before or during an idea generation or insight related task are also described. Also described are embodi ments delivering direct current to a human subject in order to sti mulate brain tissue in the human subject in away that affects cortical excitability at selected brain areas.
  • the direct current modulates left hemisphere dominance in the human subject. More particularly, embodiments of the methods and devices are to temporarily reduce the human subject's mind's top-down mechanism so that the human subject can be less influenced by past expectations and more receptive to novel representations before or during idea generation or insight related tasks.
  • Cnefeature of some embodi ments is that the method is non-invasive for the human subject.
  • Embodiments of the present include increasing idea generation, creativity and insight related tasks in healthy individuals.
  • Eembodi ments of the present include increasing idea generation, creativity and insight related tasks in people with brain abnormalities.
  • Embodiments of the present include increasing idea generation and insight related tasks in peoplewho want to be more creative.
  • Embodiments of the present include increasing a human ability to 'think outside the box' during idea generation and insight related tasks.
  • Embodi ments of the present include applying the method for asituation that includes brainstorming for a new idea.
  • Embodi ments of the present include applying the method for a situation that includes an artistic pursuit.
  • Embodi ments of the present include applying the method for asituation where it is beneficial to have afresh and/ or novel
  • Embodiments of the present invention include methods comprising placing one or more electrodes on the head of a particular individual related to one or more pre-defined areas of the particular individual 's brain.
  • the methods also include applying a DCcurrent to the electrodes at predefined brain areas of the individual at least one of before, during, and after an idea generation or an insight related task.
  • the methods also include controlling the application of DCsti mulation by a separate control device.
  • the methods i n include applyi ng cathodal DCsti mulation of the left anterior temporal lobewhile si multaneously applying anodal DC sti mulation of the right anterior temporal lobe, at least one of before, during and after the idea generation or the insight related task.
  • the methods include methods include assessing the human subject's individual 's cognitive profile, that includes one or more of the human subject's memory, reaction ti me, intel I igence quotient (IQ) , previous responseto DCsti mulation, and the human subject's ability for a particular insight related task in order to determine asti mulation protocol that is specificfor the human subject's carrying out the idea generation or insight related task.
  • IQ intel I igence quotient
  • the methods include delivering the DCcurrent sti mulation using a DCsti mulator that is connected to a plurality electrodes, such that afirst electrodedelivers cathodal sti mulation and asecond elect rode deli vers anodal sti mulation.
  • Embodiments the present invention include is a DCsti mulator device that is connected to a plurality electrodes, such that afirst electrodedelivers cathodal sti mulation to a human subject and a second electrodedelivers anodal sti mulation to the human subject.
  • Particular embodi ments may provide all , some, or none of these aspects, features, or advantages. Particular embodi ments may provide one or more other aspects, features, or advantages, one or more of which may be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art from thefigures, descri ptions, and clai ms herein.
  • Example 1 Brain stimulation enabled the solution of an 'unsolvable' problem
  • cathodal sti mulation decreasing excitability of the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) together with anodal sti mulation (increasing excitability) of the right ATL ('L- R+' sti mulation) could enable healthy participants to solvethe nine-dot problem (see FIG 3), a problem that is commonly regarded as al most unsolvable, and it istheorized and
  • embodi ments of the method include asti mulation protocol that mirrors left hemisphere inhibition together with right hemispherefacilitation.
  • Embodi ments of tDC3 ⁇ 4 as decribed herein are applicableto dealing with a broader class of tasks that, although deceptively si mple, are nonetheless extremely difficult dueto human cognitive makeup.
  • tDCS involves applying a weak direct current tothescalp via two saline- soaked sponge electrodes, thereby polarizingtheunderlying brain tissuewith electrical fields(Nitscheet al., 2008). Although it is controversial how focal the effects of tDCS is(Dattaet al., 2009; Sadleir et al.,2010), recent neuroi magi ng studies (Paquetteet al., 2011 ;Zhenget al., 2011 ) demonstrate that tDCSdoes modulate cortical excitability and changesin cerebral blood flow at thestimulated region under the electrodes.
  • One embodiment of the method used in the experiment used a custom made, battery-driven, constant current stimulator with a maximum output of 2mA and 2 sponge electrodes each with an area of 35cm2.
  • Example 2 Brain stimulation further enables solution to creative problem
  • Creativity isoften defined as the ability to generatenovel and appropriate ideas. That is, an essential element of creative potential is the a i I ity to transcend thefamiliar and produce novel ideas.
  • Example 3 Brain stimulation further enables solution to creative thinking problem
  • Torrance an ce t est s of cr eat i ve t h i n ki n g ( TTCT) i s one of t h e m ost est abl i sh ed t est for creativity.
  • Various di mensions of creativity can be scored using the TTCT, especially fluency (the number of relevant ideas, in this case, figural i mages), originality (the number of statistically infrequent or unusual figural i mages, relativeto the norm).
  • fluency the number of relevant ideas, in this case, figural i mages
  • originality the number of statistically infrequent or unusual figural i mages, relativeto the norm.
  • the results can also be analysed in light of 'resistances premature closure' (how open-ended thefigures are), an indication of open-mi ndness and incubation ability (TORRANCE, 1979).
  • Example 4 Enabling the solution of a difficult brainteaser - the 'cake' problem, by the stimulation protocol
  • the participants were assigned to either the active sti mulation group (cathodal electrode on the left anterior temporal lobe and anodal electrode on the right anterior temporal lobe) or the sham (placebo) sti mulation group. They are asked to solve the cake problem 3 ti mes, once before sti mulation, onceduring sti mulation and once i mmediately after sti mulation.
  • embodiment meansthat aparticular feature, structure or char act eristicdescribed in connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment of the present invention.
  • appearances of the phrases “in oneembodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification arenot necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may.
  • particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, aswould be apparent to oneof ordinary skill in theart from this disclosure, in oneor more embodiments.
  • an element described herein of an apparatus embodi ment is an example of a means for carrying out the function performed by the element for the purpose of carrying out the invention.
  • the expression “adevice A is coupled to adevice B” may be synonymouswith the expression “adevice B is coupled to adevice A.”
  • “Coupled” may mean that two or more elements are either in direct physical or electrical contact, or that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour accroître la capacité humaine à produire des idées et exécuter des tâches demandant de l'intuition. Il est difficile de "sortir des chemins battus", car pour ce faire il est souvent nécessaire de percevoir la tâche à effectuer d'une manière qualitativement différente. Selon un aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé pour atteindre ces objectifs plus facilement par application d'une stimulation par courant continu au niveau de régions cérébrales sélectionnées avant ou pendant la production d'idées ou l'exécution d'une tâche demandant de l'intuition. Ce nouveau paradigme qui fait intervenir une stimulation par courant continu est différent des autres dans la mesure où le procédé selon l'invention permet d'inhiber temporairement la prédisposition de l'esprit à appliquer "de haut en bas" un savoir existant aux tâches à effectuer. En d'autres termes, le procédé selon l'invention permet temporairement à une personne de percevoir les tâches demandant de l'intuition d'une manière qui est moins influencée par les attentes passées et plus ouverte aux représentations nouvelles.
PCT/AU2013/000074 2012-01-31 2013-01-31 Procédé et dispositif pour accroître la capacité humaine à produire des idées et exécuter des tâches demandant de l'intuition par stimulation par courant continu WO2013113059A1 (fr)

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US9713712B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-07-25 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode system for electrical stimulation
US9782585B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-10-10 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US10315033B2 (en) 2016-02-08 2019-06-11 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for improving provision of electrical stimulation
US10434301B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2019-10-08 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode system for electrical stimulation
US10507324B2 (en) 2017-11-17 2019-12-17 Halo Neuro, Inc. System and method for individualizing modulation
US11039775B2 (en) 2016-06-20 2021-06-22 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. Electrical interface system
US11191949B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2021-12-07 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. System for electrical stimulation
US11273304B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2022-03-15 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode positioning system and method

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Cited By (22)

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US9981128B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2018-05-29 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US10238869B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2019-03-26 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode system for electrical stimulation
US9713712B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-07-25 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode system for electrical stimulation
US9757561B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-09-12 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US9782585B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-10-10 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US9802042B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-10-31 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US9630005B2 (en) * 2013-08-27 2017-04-25 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US10143842B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2018-12-04 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US11123544B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2021-09-21 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. Electrode system for electrical stimulation
US10293162B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2019-05-21 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US20150066104A1 (en) * 2013-08-27 2015-03-05 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US10434301B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2019-10-08 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode system for electrical stimulation
US11464972B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2022-10-11 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US10596373B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2020-03-24 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for providing electrical stimulation to a user
US11273304B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2022-03-15 Halo Neuro, Inc. Electrode positioning system and method
US10315033B2 (en) 2016-02-08 2019-06-11 Halo Neuro, Inc. Method and system for improving provision of electrical stimulation
US11400290B2 (en) 2016-02-08 2022-08-02 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. Method and system for improving provision of electrical stimulation
US11039775B2 (en) 2016-06-20 2021-06-22 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. Electrical interface system
US11191949B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2021-12-07 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. System for electrical stimulation
US11097097B2 (en) 2017-11-17 2021-08-24 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. System amd method for individualizing neuromodulation
US10507324B2 (en) 2017-11-17 2019-12-17 Halo Neuro, Inc. System and method for individualizing modulation
US11992678B2 (en) 2017-11-17 2024-05-28 Flow Neuroscience, Inc. System and method for individualizing neuromodulation

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