WO2013109331A1 - Offshore heavy oil production - Google Patents
Offshore heavy oil production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013109331A1 WO2013109331A1 PCT/US2012/062846 US2012062846W WO2013109331A1 WO 2013109331 A1 WO2013109331 A1 WO 2013109331A1 US 2012062846 W US2012062846 W US 2012062846W WO 2013109331 A1 WO2013109331 A1 WO 2013109331A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- oil
- station
- cracking
- heavy
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037201 oris Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/35—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well specially adapted for separating solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
Definitions
- Some undersea hydrocarbon reservoirs contain a high proportion of heavy crude oil (hydrocarbons), so output from the reservoir (over a period of a plurality of days) comprises over 50% hydrocarbons of a density above thai of water and with a high viscosity.
- Such heavy crude oil generally contains at least 60 carbon atoms per molecule and/o has a viscosity on the order of magnitude of over 0.5 poise.
- Other liquid hydrocarbons (light oil or light liquid hydrocarbons) generally have about 5 to 10 carbon atom per molecule (light oil).
- Hydrocarbons i!h less than 4 or 5 carbon atoms per molecule are generally gas Heavy oil hydrocarbons are difficult to treat and are difficult to pump into and out of storage tanks
- the heavy crude can be cracked In refineries to produce light oil (generally oil having a specific gravity less than water and with a low viscosity) which is usually the most desirable hydrocarbons, but considerable effort is required to handle and transport the heavy erode to the refinery.
- a floating hydrocarbon production facility that. Is anchored to the sea floor to lie near an offshore heavy hydrocarbon reservoir, which treats the heavy hydrocarbons to facilitate their transport, transfer through pipes, and further treatment
- the facility includes a separation station that separates the well effluent into light liquid o k heavy crude oil, gaseous hydrocarbons, water, and solid materials (e.o sand).
- the heavy oil (oil with a specific gravity greater than water and generally with a API of less than 20) passes to a cracking station on the floating facility that cracks, or breaks down, the heavy crude oil Into light crude oil.
- Such cracking can be accomplished in a number of ways.
- thermal cracking such as "sleam cracking” in which steam at about 800 * C * (650 to 1000° C) is applied to the crude oil
- FCC process hot iluiolzed cataiysl to break down the oris into various light oils
- the cracking methods require large amounts of hot pressured stearn and produce more hot stearn-
- the processes aiso require considerable amounts of electricity .
- Much of the pressured stearn produced sn the cracking process is used to drive a steam engine (piston or turbine) that, in turn, drives an electric generato Water from the sea is used in operating the stearn engsne (to provide water that converts to steam ; and to cool the stearn alter it passes through the steam engine), and in the cracking process.
- a steam engine progenitor or turbine
- an electric generato Water from the sea is used in operating the stearn engsne (to provide water that converts to steam ; and to cool the stearn alter it passes through the steam engine), and in the cracking process.
- Fig, 1 is a diagrammatic view of an offshore hydrocarbon production faculty of the present invention, with a tanker shown in a reduced size.
- Fig. 1 iiiusuates a production facility 0 of the invention, which includes a floating structure 2 which carries treatment equipment that produces and heats heavy crude oih or heavy hydrocarbons, from an undersea reservoir or well 14.
- Heavy crude oil can be considered to be oil having an API (American Petroleum institule) rating of less than 20, so the oil boats on water.
- Such Oil generally has a high viscosity such as on the order of magnitude of at least 0.5 poise, & ⁇ has hydrocarbons with at least 60 carbon atoms per molecule.
- Fluid from the seafioor reservoir passes through an electrically-energized pump 20 that lies within tubing extending down to the well or that lies In the downhole casing.
- the pump pumps the fluid through a riser 22 up to the vessel or other floating structure 12 at the sea surface.
- Part of the oil is light oil that passes through a conduit 30 from a cracking stalion 32, towards a "Christmas tree" 33 on the seabed and helps m lifting heavy crude oii from the well.
- Heavy ess and gas from the reservoir pass through a conduc? 34 to a separation station 38.
- the separation station 38 separates out gas .which optionally flows through conduit 40 to a gas turbine power generator set 75.
- the set 75 Is an engine-generator sei that uses steam (which may be produced by gas) to drive a generator 74 thai: generates electricity.
- Produced water flows through a pipe 42 to a settling tank 44, Other non-hydrocarbon material such as sand and stones, are released Into the sea after treatment
- heavy crude oil entering the separation station 36 is delivered through outlets 51 . 53 o oonduits 507 52 to the station 32 , which is a cracking station that converts heavy crude oil to light crude oil.
- the cracking station uses hot (e.g .SOCr C) sand to break down heavy crude arid uses a small amount of hydrocarbon gas and diluent to imtsaily generate neat and steam.
- the process reuses the sand and creates additional heat which creates additional steam. Applicant uses the additional steam, as described below.
- Applicant provides a heavy oii storage tank, or buffm 60 that receives heavy crude oil from the separation station 36 and thai can delive heavy crude oil to the cracking station 32, Optimum operation of the cracking station 32 requires a steady flow of heavy crude oil into the station. When the flow through the conduit 34 deceases, this shortfall is made up by the flow of oil horn the buffer tank 60 to the cracking station
- the buffer tank preferably l as a capacity to store more oii than the average flow of oil into the cracking station In one minute (more than 1 ,000 gallons and preferably more than 5,000 gallons).
- the tanker 66 carries the oil to a distant refining facility where appropriate amounts of oii of selected densities are combined.
- oii m the storage tank 62 Is light oil means that if can be readily loaded into the tanker 66. as by passing through a pipeline, and later unloaded and further processed, Such further processing can he used to obtain the desired mix of light oils and additives, etc.
- the cracksnq station 32 uses hot sand and/or steam to heat incoming heavy crude oil at 52 to crack it, with the process creating additionai heat which is carried away by additional steam, Applicant uses the steam to produce electricity.
- the steam produced by the cracking station is delivered through a conduit 70 to a steam powered engine 72, which can be a sieam engine that has pistons or which can include a steam turbine
- the vessel can nave boilers (78) thai use hydrocarbons to create steam dur ing startup of the process.
- the steam powered generator is connected to an electrical generator 74 that generates electricity Alternatively, a closed loop beat transfer system can be used to deliver the steam to apparatus that heats It and delivers the heated steam to the engine 72.
- Steam is produced by the cracking station only after a period of operation (e.g. quarter hour). During this time, applicant uses hydrocarbon gas that flows through conduit 40 to drive an engine-generator set such as 75 wherein electuary Is obtained from the generator 74.. The gas can be ignited and used to energize the same engine 72 or an auxiliary one. in the present embodiment a steam generator Is used, but as an alternative, steam from vessel steam boilers 78 can be used to stad up the process.
- Applicant passes excess steam at the engine 72 through a conduit 82 to the buffer tank 60 to heat heavy crude therein so it flows more easily. Excess heat also can be used to heat light oil in the light oil tank 82. It Is well known that steam exiting a steam engine is usually cooled In order to decrease its pressure so there is a large pressure differential between incoming and outgoing steam. Applicant uses a seawa!er lift pump system 80 to deliver sea water to a fresh water generator 84 that uses beat to produce clean water (most salt removed). Trie clean water Is passed to the steam engine to cool the exiting steam and to produce clean water for the steam engine. Electricity from the generator 74 is used to power pumps thai pump fluids Into various stations. These Include the pump 20 that pumps heavy crude up through a riser., an offloading pump that pumps light oil to the tanker 86 that carries oil away from the floating structure 12. and a seawater lift pump 80 that provides water to the steam engine.
- the invention provides a method and system for handling oil that is produced from an offshore reservoir or seabed pipeline that produces primarily (at least 50%) heavy crude oil.
- the crude oil is produced from the reservoir by a floating structure, or vessel, that includes a cracking station that cracks the crude oil after it has been initially processed to remove water, sand, gas and light oil.
- the cracking station preferably uses high temperature (e.g. 800 " C) steam to crack the heavy oil to produce light oil or lighter oil (less viscous oil) that can be more easily pumped or otherwise flowed through pipes for processing and transport.
- Steam created by cracking heavy oil into light oil Is used to energize a steam engine that powers an electrical generator, with sea water used as a coolant for the steam engine. Electricity from the electrical generator powers the cracking station and other facilities, and electricity can be exported to consumers on shore or to another offshore system through a cable.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG11201404250VA SG11201404250VA (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production |
CN201280067645.6A CN104246121A (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production |
CA2862123A CA2862123A1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production |
MX2014008753A MX353097B (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production. |
BR112014017820A BR112014017820A8 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | HIGH SEA HEAVY OIL PRODUCTION |
KR1020147023083A KR20140128339A (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production |
GB1412825.0A GB2514934B (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/355,242 | 2012-01-20 | ||
US13/355,242 US9062525B2 (en) | 2011-07-07 | 2012-01-20 | Offshore heavy oil production |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013109331A1 true WO2013109331A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
Family
ID=48799571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/062846 WO2013109331A1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-10-31 | Offshore heavy oil production |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR20140128339A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104246121A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014017820A8 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2862123A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2514934B (en) |
MX (1) | MX353097B (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201404250VA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013109331A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9803505B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2017-10-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Power generation from waste heat in integrated aromatics and naphtha block facilities |
US9803511B2 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-10-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Power generation using independent dual organic rankine cycles from waste heat systems in diesel hydrotreating-hydrocracking and atmospheric distillation-naphtha hydrotreating-aromatics facilities |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030124034A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-07-03 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Catalytic cracking reaction-regeneration system |
US20060116543A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2006-06-01 | Naphtachimie S.A. & Bp Chemicals Limited | Method and apparatus for steam cracking hydrocarbons |
US20060283590A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-21 | Leendert Poldervaart | Enhanced floating power generation system |
US20110130474A1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-02 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Gtl-fpso system for conversion of associated gas in oil fields and stranded gas in stranded gas fields, and process for production of synthetic fuel using the same |
US20110251728A1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Framo Engineering As | System and method for subsea production system control |
-
2012
- 2012-10-31 CA CA2862123A patent/CA2862123A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-10-31 SG SG11201404250VA patent/SG11201404250VA/en unknown
- 2012-10-31 WO PCT/US2012/062846 patent/WO2013109331A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-10-31 CN CN201280067645.6A patent/CN104246121A/en active Pending
- 2012-10-31 KR KR1020147023083A patent/KR20140128339A/en active Search and Examination
- 2012-10-31 GB GB1412825.0A patent/GB2514934B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-10-31 MX MX2014008753A patent/MX353097B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-10-31 BR BR112014017820A patent/BR112014017820A8/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060116543A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2006-06-01 | Naphtachimie S.A. & Bp Chemicals Limited | Method and apparatus for steam cracking hydrocarbons |
US20030124034A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-07-03 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Catalytic cracking reaction-regeneration system |
US20060283590A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-21 | Leendert Poldervaart | Enhanced floating power generation system |
US20110130474A1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-02 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Gtl-fpso system for conversion of associated gas in oil fields and stranded gas in stranded gas fields, and process for production of synthetic fuel using the same |
US20110251728A1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Framo Engineering As | System and method for subsea production system control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112014017820A8 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
GB201412825D0 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
SG11201404250VA (en) | 2014-08-28 |
CA2862123A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
BR112014017820A2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
KR20140128339A (en) | 2014-11-05 |
CN104246121A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
MX353097B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
GB2514934A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
GB2514934B (en) | 2019-06-05 |
MX2014008753A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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