WO2013109258A1 - Surpresseur de gaz ammoniac - Google Patents

Surpresseur de gaz ammoniac Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013109258A1
WO2013109258A1 PCT/US2012/021644 US2012021644W WO2013109258A1 WO 2013109258 A1 WO2013109258 A1 WO 2013109258A1 US 2012021644 W US2012021644 W US 2012021644W WO 2013109258 A1 WO2013109258 A1 WO 2013109258A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reductant
pressure
injector
ammonia
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/021644
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ryan Andrew WACKER
Gregory A. Griffin
Original Assignee
International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc filed Critical International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc
Priority to US14/372,256 priority Critical patent/US20140325964A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2012/021644 priority patent/WO2013109258A1/fr
Publication of WO2013109258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013109258A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1433—Pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present system and method relates to the delivery of a reducing agent or reductant into the exhaust stream of a vehicle for reduction of NO x in the exhaust stream.
  • the system and method relates to the addition of a pressure boosting device within the reductant supply line to increase the pressure of reductant and improve reductant distribution within the exhaust stream.
  • Compression ignition engines provide advantages in fuel economy, but produce both ⁇ and particulates during normal operation. New and existing regulations continually challenge manufacturers to achieve good fuel economy and reduce the particulates and NO x emissions. Lean-burn engines achieve the fuel economy objective, but the high
  • One such system is the direct addition of a reductant or reducing agent, such as ammonia gas, to the exhaust stream. It is an advantage to deliver ammonia directly into the exhaust stream in the form of a gas, both for simplicity of the flow control system and for efficient mixing of the reducing agent, ammonia, with the exhaust gases.
  • the direct use of ammonia also eliminates potential difficulties related to blocking of the dosing system, which may be caused by precipitation or impurities, e.g., in a liquid-based urea solution.
  • an aqueous urea solution cannot be dosed at a low engine load since the temperature of the exhaust line would be too low for complete conversion of urea to ammonia (and CO 2 ).
  • a couple specific challenges with the direct injection of a gaseous reductant, such as ammonia, relate to dispersion and mixing of the reductant or reducing agent with the hot exhaust gases.
  • a gaseous reductant such as ammonia
  • the cartridge storing the reductant-containing material needs to be heated to a sufficient temperature level so that the released reductant has enough pressure to overcome the pressure of the exhaust stream upon injection.
  • the dispersion issue considers how to deliver or spread ammonia to the greatest volume of flowing exhaust, while the mixing issue concerns how to create the most homogenous mixture of exhaust and ammonia to facilitate NO x reduction.
  • the present system and method provide for a reduction in the time required to inject the reductant into the exhaust stream, as well as, improving the distribution of the reductant into the exhaust stream. Additionally, the present system and method result in a reduction in energy requirements for heating the cartridges and reductant-containing material to the necessary level.
  • a system for delivering a reductant into an engine exhaust stream comprises a canister having an interior space for storing the reductant containing material, a fluid supply line fluidly connected to the canister for receiving the reductant, a pressure boosting device for boosting the flow of reductant a flow management device, and, an injector for injecting the reductant into an after-treatment system for combining with the exhaust stream.
  • the pressure boosting device is a pump integrated within the fluid supply line.
  • the pump is integrated within the fluid supply line between the cartridge and the injector.
  • a method for reducing NO x in an exhaust gas stream of a diesel-engine vehicle comprises the steps of fluidly coupling components of an exhaust gas treatment system package to an engine exhaust gas system, wherein the components comprise a cartridge having an interior space for storing a reductant containing material, a conduit fluidly connected to the cartridge for receiving the reductant upon release from the material, a pressure boosting device for boosting the pressure of the reductant, a flow management device; and, an injector for injecting the reductant into the exhaust stream.
  • the method further comprises the steps of increasing the flow of reductant through the pump and the flow management device, injecting gaseous ammonia into the engine exhaust gas system through the injector, and, reacting the reductant with the engine exhaust gas stream reducing the level of ⁇ in the exhaust gas stream.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of an exhaust gas NO x reduction (EGNR) system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic of the ASDS portion of the EGNR incorporating the pressure boosting device of the present system.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated the general components of a reductant storage and dosing system, specifically an exhaust gas NO x reduction (EGNR) system 10, which includes an ammonia storage and delivery system (ASDS) 50.
  • the ASDS 50 involves delivery of gaseous ammonia to an after-treatment assembly 60, which is used in the reduction of NO x in an engine exhaust gas stream as part of the EGNR system 10 found on combustion engine vehicles.
  • the ASDS 50 is comprised of several components, including at least one ammonia-containing main canister or cartridge 20, which may be contained within a housing or storage compartment (not shown), an ammonia-containing start-up canister or cartridge 24 located on the outside of the housing, an ammonia flow module (AFM) 26, a peripheral interface module (PIM) 30, and possibly other components depending on vehicle specifications.
  • at least one ammonia-containing main canister or cartridge 20 which may be contained within a housing or storage compartment (not shown)
  • an ammonia-containing start-up canister or cartridge 24 located on the outside of the housing
  • an ammonia flow module (AFM) 26 located on the outside of the housing
  • AMF ammonia flow module
  • PIM peripheral interface module
  • the EGNR 10 includes vehicle engine components, including an electronic control module 32.
  • vehicle engine components including an electronic control module 32.
  • the specific components of the ASDS 50 and EGNR will not be discussed in further detail with the exception of discussing, as necessary, how a component or system may relate to the present system and method. Further, as the vehicle ignition system and the vehicle exhaust system, including those used on a diesel engine vehicle, are well-known, these systems also will not be described in detail.
  • the components for storing a reductant or reducing agent including an ammonia adsorbing/desorbing material (not shown), stored within a main canister or cartridge 20.
  • the present system may include a start-up canister 24, generally useful for the initial release of reductant into the exhaust stream before the main canister 20 or canisters reach the required temperature level to release its reductant.
  • a heating source such as through an electrical source or an engine coolant sourced heater.
  • the cartridge 20 may be placed within a heating unit or jacket or other type of housing for storage, heating and transport (not shown).
  • the ammonia adsorbing/desorbing material loaded into the main and start-up cartridges 20 and 24, respectively, is generally in a solid form, such as a compressed powder or granules, and may include any suitable shape for packing into the cartridges, including balls, granules, or a tightly -packed powder formed as a disk.
  • Suitable adsorb ing/desorbing material for use with the present system include metal-ammine salts, which offer a solid storage medium for ammonia, and represent a safe, practical and compact option for storage and transportation of ammonia.
  • metal ammine salts useful in the present device include the general formula M( H 3 ) n X z , where M is one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, such as Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, etc., n is the coordination number usually 2-12, and X is one or more anions, depending on the valence of M, where representative examples of X are F, CI, Br, I, S0 4 , M0O 4 , PO 4 , etc.
  • ammonia saturated strontium chloride Sr(NH 3 )Cl 2
  • Sr(NH 3 )Cl 2 is used.
  • other reductants include, but are not limited to, urea, and ammonium carbamate.
  • ammonia gas is delivered to the exhaust stream by way of a fluid tubing or conduit 34 connected at one end to the ammonia source (main or start-up canister) 20, 24 and at the other end to an injector 62 positioned within the after- treatment assembly 60 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • a flow management device ammonia flow modulator - AFM
  • the AFM 26 generally comprises a housing 28 having an inlet 28a, 28b for each of the start-up unit 24 and main unit 20, respectively, and an outlet 28c leading to the injector 62 and the after-treatment assembly 60.
  • the AFM may also include a plurality of check valves, control valves and pressure release valves, as well as, a plurality of circuits and sensors, all of which are designed to facilitate the flow of a sufficient amount of ammonia gas to the exhaust after- treatment assembly 60.
  • a pressure boosting device 100 is added to the system. Specifically, a pressure boosting device 100 is integrated to the fluid supply line 34. As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure boosting device 100 is a pump, which is integrated into the fluid supply line between the reductant source (main and start-up cartridges 20, 24) and the AFM 26. The addition of the pressure boosting device 100 results in an increase in the pressure of the reductant at the injector 62. Prior to use of the present pressure boosting device, the cartridges in the system needed to be heated to a level sufficient to create enough ammonia gas pressure to overcome the pressure of the exhaust stream.
  • Addition of the pressure boosting device 100 increases pressure of the reductant for injection into the exhaust stream when the cartridge 20, 24 pressure is still below the pressure of the exhaust stream.
  • Use of the pressure boosting device 100 allows for shorter periods of time before reductant can be injected and a reduction in energy required to heat the cartridge.
  • the increase in reductant gas pressure at the injector 62 will also result in improved reductant distribution within the after-treatment system 60.
  • Operation of the pressure boosting device 100 will be controlled by the electronic control module (ECM) 32 and powered by the vehicle's electrical system (not shown).
  • ECM electronice control module
  • the present pressure boosting device 100 is useful in a method that reduces the amount of time need for the ASDS to be able to inject a reductant, such as ammonia, into the exhaust stream, while also improving the distribution of reductant in the exhaust stream.
  • the present method includes the steps of fluidly coupling components of an exhaust gas NO x reduction (EGNR) system package to an engine exhaust gas system, wherein the components comprise a cartridge 20 having an interior space for storing a reductant containing material, a conduit 34 fluidly connected to the cartridge for receiving the reductant upon release from the material, a pressure boosting device 100 for boosting the flow of reductant, a flow management device 26, and, an injector 62 for injecting the reductant into the exhaust stream flowing through an after-treatment assembly 60.
  • EGNR exhaust gas NO x reduction
  • the method further includes increasing the pressure of reductant through the pressure boosting device and the flow management device, injecting gaseous ammonia into the engine exhaust gas system through the injector, and, reacting the reductant with the engine exhaust gas stream thereby reducing the level of NO x in the exhaust gas stream.
  • the pressure boosting device is a pump, which is integrated into the reductant supply line or conduit between the cartridge and the flow management device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et un procédé d'injection d'un agent réducteur dans un flux d'échappement de moteur permettant de réduire l'émission d'oxydes d'azote (NOx). Le système comprend une cartouche dotée d'un espace intérieur pour stocker le matériau contenant l'agent réducteur, une ligne d'alimentation de fluide en communication fluidique avec la cartouche afin de recevoir l'agent réducteur, un dispositif de surpression permettant d'amplifier l'écoulement de l'agent réducteur, un dispositif de régulation de l'écoulement, et un injecteur permettant d'injecter l'agent réducteur dans un système post-traitement en vue d'être combiné au flux d'échappement. L'agent réducteur peut comprendre de l'ammoniac. L'utilisation du surpresseur permet d'augmenter la pression de l'agent réducteur dans le système post-traitement, permettant ainsi de diminuer le temps d'injection de l'agent réducteur dans le flux d'échappement et d'améliorer parallèlement la distribution de l'agent réducteur dans le flux d'échappement.
PCT/US2012/021644 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Surpresseur de gaz ammoniac WO2013109258A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/372,256 US20140325964A1 (en) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Ammonia gas pressure booster
PCT/US2012/021644 WO2013109258A1 (fr) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Surpresseur de gaz ammoniac

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/021644 WO2013109258A1 (fr) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Surpresseur de gaz ammoniac

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013109258A1 true WO2013109258A1 (fr) 2013-07-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2012/021644 WO2013109258A1 (fr) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Surpresseur de gaz ammoniac

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20140325964A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013109258A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9453446B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-09-27 Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc. Constant mass flow injection system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11867112B1 (en) 2023-03-07 2024-01-09 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Logic for improved delta pressure based soot estimation on low restriction particulate filters
US11994056B1 (en) 2023-03-07 2024-05-28 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Logic for improved delta pressure based soot estimation on low restriction particulate filters

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US20050252201A1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2005-11-17 Lecea Oscar A Method and apparatus for reducing NOx emissions
US20070163232A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-07-19 Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for engine
US7587890B2 (en) * 2006-08-21 2009-09-15 Cummins Inc. Reductant injection rate shaping method for regeneration of aftertreatment systems
WO2011133752A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Dispositif et procédé de recharge pour cartouche de nh3

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DE19738859A1 (de) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gemischabgabevorrichtung
US6363771B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2002-04-02 Caterpillar Inc. Emissions diagnostic system
US6470673B1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2002-10-29 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Control of a NOX reductant delivery system
DE10206028A1 (de) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-28 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Ammoniak
DE102004042225B4 (de) * 2004-09-01 2017-08-31 MAN Truck & Bus Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Ammoniak aus festen Harnstoff-Pellets
ES2355274T3 (es) * 2007-03-30 2011-03-24 Amminex A/S Sistema para almacenar amoniaco y liberar amoniaco de un material de almacenamiento y procedimiento para almacenar y liberar amoniaco.
US7814745B2 (en) * 2007-07-17 2010-10-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Approach for delivering a liquid reductant into an exhaust flow of a fuel burning engine
US7963104B2 (en) * 2008-02-15 2011-06-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Emission control system having a coated mixer for an internal combustion engine and method of use
US8359832B2 (en) * 2009-12-21 2013-01-29 Caterpillar Inc. SCR reductant mixer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070163232A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-07-19 Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for engine
US20050252201A1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2005-11-17 Lecea Oscar A Method and apparatus for reducing NOx emissions
US7587890B2 (en) * 2006-08-21 2009-09-15 Cummins Inc. Reductant injection rate shaping method for regeneration of aftertreatment systems
WO2011133752A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Dispositif et procédé de recharge pour cartouche de nh3

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9453446B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-09-27 Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc. Constant mass flow injection system
US10024210B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-07-17 Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc. Constant mass flow injection system

Also Published As

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