WO2013108187A2 - Système d'alimentation de secours à très faible consommation pour dispositifs électroniques - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation de secours à très faible consommation pour dispositifs électroniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013108187A2
WO2013108187A2 PCT/IB2013/050394 IB2013050394W WO2013108187A2 WO 2013108187 A2 WO2013108187 A2 WO 2013108187A2 IB 2013050394 W IB2013050394 W IB 2013050394W WO 2013108187 A2 WO2013108187 A2 WO 2013108187A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power supply
dmx
circuit
control circuit
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PCT/IB2013/050394
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English (en)
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WO2013108187A3 (fr
Inventor
Lennart Yseboodt
Pieter Gerrit Blanken
Johan-Paul Marie Gerard LINNARTZ
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Koninklijke Philips N.V.
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Publication of WO2013108187A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013108187A2/fr
Publication of WO2013108187A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013108187A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device for controlling energy supply to an electronic device.
  • Standby power is an important aspect of making electronic devices “green”, i.e., more ecologically friendly. Standby power is a well known issue in consumer electronic devices, such as television sets, set top boxes, internet routers.
  • lamps and lighting installations also provide a standby mode, thereby dissipating power.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • the transition from incandescent and fluorescent lighting to light emitting diode (LED) lighting accelerates this, firstly because many LED lamps are no longer switched on or off by switching the mains to enable more elaborate control including dimming, color point setting, beam steering, or responsiveness to sensor signals, secondly because of the trends towards more distributed illumination that consists of multiple LEDs modules, each of which needs to be controlled.
  • a number of solutions are known to reduce the power consumption of communication receivers or of sensors.
  • One example is a wake-up radio that consumes only 51 ⁇ and has been described by Xiongchuan Huang et al.: "A 2.4GHz/915MHz 51 ⁇ W Wake-Up Receiver with Offset and Noise Suppression", Digest of Technical Papers 2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference ISSCC2010, Febr. 7-11, 2010, pp. 222-223.
  • This power is small enough to ensure that it can be scavenged from the environment, e.g. by a miniature photovoltaic cell.
  • the radio has been designed to wake up other circuitry, thus to reduce standby power.
  • Such a receiver can deliver a (binary) control signal but the power that its gets from the scavenger is insufficient to drive a mechanical relay.
  • the PicoRadio project was the first to advocate the advantages of wakeup radio and boldly estimated that a specialized radio interface could consume as little energy as 1 ⁇ W.
  • the PicoRadio project was described by da Silva Jr. et al.: 'Design methodology for PicoRadio networks', Design Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), Kunststoff, Germany, 2001, pp.314-325.
  • the term "reactive radio” was introduced and the design target moved to a more realistic power consumption level of around 50 ⁇ W which is sufficiently low to derive the energy from a scavenger.
  • L. Gu et al. "Radio-Triggered Wake-Up Capability for Sensor Networks", Real-Time Systems Journal, special issue of best papers from RTAS, Vol. 29, No.
  • a solution is needed to overcome or mitigate issues with standby power in DMX control networks or other control or communication networks.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for reducing standby power in DMX control networks or other control or communication networks.
  • the proposed solution combines the use of a semiconductor switch combined with a self powering control circuit, e.g. DMX receiver. It is based on the insight that the creation of a semiconductor mains power switch with reliable blackout behaviour and low control power shifts the paradigm and enables new solutions.
  • an electronic device e.g. a lighting device
  • a power supply e.g. an AC or DC power grid
  • the semiconductor switch contains power transistors to connect/disconnect the device from the mains power supply, and in which the switch is controlled from a receiver circuit which extracts (at least part of) its power from a scavenging principle.
  • the scavenging principle may be based on extracting power from the control data or on extracting power from the environment such as a photovoltaic cell.
  • the control principle may be a wired line communication system, such as DMX, or Ethernet or a radio communication system or an infrared (IR) remote control system.
  • a galvanic isolation may be provided between the DMX receiver and the power transistors.
  • a DMX receiver in which a power extracting circuit is connected to the two differential DMX data lines and delivers power to the DMX decoding circuit.
  • a DMX energy scavenger works by scavenging small amounts of power from the differential DMX data signals (e.g. called RS485-A and RS485-B).
  • the power extracting circuit may contain a capacitive voltage doubler, tripler, quadrupler, etc.
  • the proposed power scavenging is advantageous in that the value of the capacitors is one of the factors that determine the amount of energy that can be extracted from the lines per line transition. This yields a very well defined behavior with regard to the line drivers.
  • the circuit only contains simple and cheap devices and is very robust. Additionally, a short circuit at the output does not necessarily jam the communication channel, it may continue to run with slightly reduced voltage levels.
  • the scavenged supply may, but does not necessarily, share ground with the driver of the differential signal wire pair. Although there is no galvanic isolation the conduction path is capacitive only.
  • the proposed circuit is also resistant against external grounds loops. If the 'ground' of the scavenged supply is connected to the ground of the line drivers the circuit will still work. Nevertheless, galvanic isolation (e.g. by means of a 1: 1 transformer) of the RS485 lines is still possible, the scavenger will continue to work.
  • the amount of power that the scavenger can extract from the lines is limited. This power is used to power the DMX decoder.
  • the DMX decoder can operate a power switch to connect or disconnect a load from or to a power supply such as the mains supply.
  • the power consumption of the DMX decoder determines how many of these decoders can be connected to the DMX network before too much power is extracted from the DMX coder and the system fails.
  • a special DMX transmitter may anticipate on power extracting receivers.
  • the proposed control scheme may be implemented as a computer program product stored on a computer-readable medium or downloadable from a network, which comprises code means for producing the steps of method claim 6 when run on a computing device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a lighting device according to a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a power control circuit
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a scavenging system according to a second embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a DMX packet
  • Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a capacitive voltage tripler
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of multiple scavenging receivers according to a third embodiment.
  • DMX is a popular communication standard to control lighting installations in entertainment applications.
  • DMX was developed by the Engineering Commission of United States Institute for Theatre Technology (USITT), the standard was created in 1986, with subsequent revisions in 1990 leading to USITT DMX512/1990.
  • the DMX512(-A) standard describes the physical implementation (connectors, cables), the electrical workings of the communication medium (EIA485) and the packet format.
  • a DMX environment consists of a DMX master (which transmits only) and a limited number of slaves (which only listen).
  • DMX is increasingly being used for applications beyond the entertainment business.
  • the power consumption in standby mode makes it less attractive.
  • One way to overcome this can be to switch the mains power for the main device functions off during periods of long inactivity.
  • the DMX receiver needs to remain powered to function. It needs to wake up the main application device (for instance a lamp) as soon as messages are transmitted over the DMX cables requiring an action from the device.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of a most common packet according to the DMX- 512 protocol with start code (S) of "0x00".
  • the DMX packet format is of a variable size and very simple. Only one-way communication is possible, from one master to a limited number of slaves. The (software defined) maximum is 512 listening slaves.
  • the standard provides up to 512 data bytes (D) to be transmitted in one packet, each byte in the packet corresponds to an address. The address is determined by the location of the data byte in the packet.
  • the first data byte is for address 0 (ADDR:0)
  • the second data byte is for address 1 (ADDR:1) and so on.
  • Slave devices are configured to listen to certain addresses. A device which is configured for address 1 (ADDR:1) would use the second data byte (D) after the start code (S).
  • the meaning of the data is determined by the device that receives it.
  • the DMX-512(-A) standard specifies EIA-485 as the electrical standard for the data communication. It is also known as RS485, the differential version of the ubiquitous RS232 standard. RS485 is defined as a differential voltage communication medium with speeds ranging from lOOkbit/s to 10 Mbit/s. For DMX a speed of 250kbit/s is used. The maximum differential voltage is +5V. The cable is terminated with a 120 ⁇ resistor to avoid reflections.
  • the standard does not provide for power transport via the DMX cables (e.g. a low voltage DC auxiliary supply).
  • DMX cables e.g. a low voltage DC auxiliary supply
  • many manufacturers of DMX compatible products use one of the wire pairs in the cable to provide low voltage direct current (DC) supply to the slaves. This power is used in the slave devices to power the DMX receiver/decoder, but causes incompatibilities and risk of damage to the equipment.
  • a DMX slave is a remote controlled device.
  • the device can be in an active state (e.g. lamp on) or in an inactive state (e.g. lamp off). In the inactive state there is still power consumption, the so called standby power. Even though the load is not active, a small amount of power is needed to listen to the remote interface.
  • This power can be derived from the mains, by means of a galvanically isolated power supply.
  • the isolation is required due to the fact that a direct electrical connection between mains and the DMX interface is not suitable.
  • Such a power supply is relatively expensive and will in most cases also exhibit a larger amount of standby power itself.
  • the power can be derived from the DC voltage that may be provided via an extra wire pair in the DMX cable.
  • this option is not standard compliant, violates the DMX-512 standard, and has the potential to create troublesome ground loops.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a lighting device 100 with DMX interface according to a first embodiment.
  • a power stealing circuit 10 is used to derive the supply power for a DMX receiver 20 from the DMX control lines.
  • the DMX receiver 20 controls semiconductor switching device 50 via a galvanic isolation element 60.
  • the switching device 50 switches an AC mains power line (e.g. 230V) to a main power supply 30 which supplies power to the main application 40 (e.g. lighting device(s)).
  • the main application 40 may also be controlled by the DMX receiver 20.
  • the link between the DMX receiver 20 and the main application 40 is not essential but likely to be needed in many applications. If the DMX receiver 20 and the main application 40 are linked, then the main power supply 30 must provide galvanic isolation from the mains.
  • the power stealing circuit 10 can also be a scavenger circuit, such as photovoltaic cell which derives power from light energy.
  • a scavenger circuit such as photovoltaic cell which derives power from light energy.
  • any energy or power harvesting circuit can be used, by which energy is derived from external sources (e.g., solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy).
  • the power stealing circuit 10 provides a very small amount of power for low-energy electronics, which is available as ambient background and is free.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a zero power mains switch which can be used as the switching device 50 of Fig. 1 for controlling power supply to a load LD.
  • a bidirectional semiconductor switch comprising metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) Ml, M2 with extremely low control power consumption and a bootstrap circuit which allows reliable start of operation of the switch and the hosting device after unlimited duration of mains interruptions.
  • a capacitive power supply circuit 54 with a diode D, a Zener diode ZD, a storage capacitor C stor and two capacitors CI, C2 generates a DC voltage supplied to a watchdog circuit 51 which supplies an input signal to a latch 52 (e.g. S/R flip flop circuit).
  • a latch 52 e.g. S/R flip flop circuit
  • a set/reset input of the latch 52 is controlled by a pulse shaping circuit 53 which receives a control input (e.g. short set and reset pulses) via a transformer 60 from a galvanically separated control circuit (not shown) which may be a DMX or DALI control circuit.
  • a control input e.g. short set and reset pulses
  • a galvanically separated control circuit not shown
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply control system according to a second embodiment.
  • a DMX master 70 supplies DMX control signals via a transmission (TX) driver 80, which may be an RS485 line driver, and a line receiver (RX) 82 to a DMX decoder 72, i.e. a DMX slave.
  • TX transmission
  • RX line receiver
  • GND TX of the TX driver 80 differs from ground potential GND RX of the reception side.
  • An energy or power scavenger 90 derives from the DMX control signaling a small amount of power for operating the line receiver 82 and the DMX decoder 72 which is galvanically separated from the controlled load side by a galvanic isolation device 60, e.g., a transformer which transfers electrical energy from the DMX decoder side to the load control side through inductively coupled conductors— the transformer's coils.
  • a galvanic isolation device 60 e.g., a transformer which transfers electrical energy from the DMX decoder side to the load control side through inductively coupled conductors— the transformer's coils.
  • supply of an AC voltage between line potential L and the neutral potential N to a load LD is switched by two power semiconductor switches Ml and M2 (e.g. MOSFETs) which are controlled by a supply and control circuit 22 in response to the output signal of the DMX decoder 72.
  • the power scavenger 90 is combined with the line receiver 82 and the DMX decoder 72, e.g. a microcontroller.
  • the DMX decoder 72 can then control the mains switches Ml, M2, such as a zero power mains switch as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exemplary circuit diagram of the power scavenger 90. This circuit is a voltage tripler, while it is noted that doublers, quadruplers etc. are also possible. Also linear voltage regulators can be added to stabilize the output voltage at the cost of some power dissipation.
  • the voltage tripler is a three-stage voltage multiplier connected between the DMX wires, which may be RS485-A and RS485-B lines, for example. It converts AC electrical power transferred on the DMX lines from a lower voltage to a higher DC voltage by means of a network of capacitors and diodes.
  • the output voltage of the tripler is in practice below three times the peak input voltage due to their high impedance, caused in part by the fact that as each capacitor in the chain supplies power to the next, it partially discharges, losing voltage doing so.
  • other circuit options and types of voltage multipliers may be used as the power scavenger 90.
  • the power scavenger 90 can take energy when there is a data line transition.
  • the amount of power than can be taken depends on the value of the capacitors and on the number of transitions per unit of time.
  • the DMX master 70 can optimize for maximum power transfer by sending out e.g. as many bytes as possible containing either hexadecimal "0x55" or "OxAA". These values are optimal because they have the largest number of bit transitions per byte. In binary they are represented as "ObOlOlOlOl" and "OblOlOlO", respectively. Depending on the start bit (preceding the data byte) and the stop bit (trailing the data byte), one of these will have the highest possible energy transfer. Of course, other suitable bit patterns could be used as well.
  • the DMX master 70 could send a packet with an alternate start code (e.g. a comment packet, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) packet) that contains a large number of bit transitions (e.g. payload contains only "0x55" or "OxAA").
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • the communication signal transmitted by the DMX master 70 is enhanced by a packet or preamble structure adapted to be used by the power scavenger 90 for generating a power supply voltage for the line receiver 82 and the DMX decoder 72.
  • the DMX slave i.e. DMX decoder 72
  • the DMX decoder 72 can be adapted to enter a standby mode if it detects that the DMX master 70 device is capable of sending a DMX control signal which can be used by the power scavenger 90 to generate the supply voltage or power. Otherwise, the DMX decoder 72 may not be allowed to enter the standby mode.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a multiple scavenging DMX receiver system according to a third embodiment, which can be connected to a DMX network with DMX master 300 and differential twisted wire pair 320 and freely mixed with non-scavenging DMX slaves.
  • DMX slaves 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 are connected to the wire pair 320 via respective power scavengers 12 which are adapted to supply energy to respective DMX receivers 20 controlling respective power switches 50 so as to control power supply from respective AC mains 200-1, 200-2, 200-3 to respective loads LD1, LD2, LD3.
  • a zero power standby (which means e.g. less than 5mW according IEC 62301 Clause 4.5) DMX-512(-A) compatible system can be obtained.
  • a software solution to increase the amount of transitions may be added to allow a greater amount of power to be transferred.
  • the proposed solution can be applied in all DMX slaves, so that a mains powered galvanically isolated supply in the DMX receivers 20 can be replaced by a low cost and robust scavenging power supply that does not pose ground loop problems.
  • the invention is not limited to the disclosed DMX based lighting control embodiments.
  • the proposed control scheme can be used for home lighting, office lighting, outdoor lighting, professional lighting (e.g. retail, city beautification etc.), emergency lighting, and all kinds of consumer devices.
  • the above embodiments are focused on a DMX communication receiver.
  • the sensor can be power from a scavenger.
  • a light sensor or a passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor can be used, that is powered by a photovoltaic cell, and that controls a semiconductor switch.
  • a self-powered or self -powering DMX receiver may be provided in an electronic device controlled by a DMX communication system without controlling any electronic power or mains switch of the electronic device.
  • the proposed scavenging or harvesting approach is identifiable at the output communication wire by a special packet or preamble structure that allows the receiver to build (i.e. scavenge or harvest) a power supply voltage.
  • the control system could as well be light wave remote control system including but not limited to infrared (IR), optical fiber or visual light communication.
  • IR infrared
  • optical fiber optical fiber
  • visual light communication cheap plastic optical fiber can in future be attractive because it does not require galvanic isolation.
  • the wired communication receiver for DMX lighting control signals can be operated as a scavenging receiver which can scavenge power from the data lines. Such circuit would neither need an external power supply, nor a battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Power Sources (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une solution matérielle/logicielle permettant une auto-alimentation de dispositifs électroniques à partir d'une source extérieure sans câblage additionnel. Cela est rendu possible grâce à un système de récupération ou de collecte d'énergie robuste et à l'épreuve de court-circuit. Une extension de protocole de logiciel permet le transfert de plus grandes quantités d'énergie. Conjointement avec un interrupteur de secteur à tension nulle, le système élimine la nécessité d'alimentations d'énergie séparées dans le circuit de commande et obtient des propriétés de secours à tension nulle.
PCT/IB2013/050394 2012-01-18 2013-01-16 Système d'alimentation de secours à très faible consommation pour dispositifs électroniques WO2013108187A2 (fr)

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US201261587771P 2012-01-18 2012-01-18
US61/587,771 2012-01-18

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WO2013108187A3 WO2013108187A3 (fr) 2013-10-31

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WO2018007674A1 (fr) * 2016-07-06 2018-01-11 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Dispositif de commande de lampe à del
CN110082577A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-08-02 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种用于判断节电器窃电行为的诊断方法及系统
WO2019166812A1 (fr) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Broseley Limited Source de lumière à intensité d'éclairage réglable

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US8519566B2 (en) * 2006-03-28 2013-08-27 Wireless Environment, Llc Remote switch sensing in lighting devices
US8754589B2 (en) * 2008-04-14 2014-06-17 Digtial Lumens Incorporated Power management unit with temperature protection

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018007674A1 (fr) * 2016-07-06 2018-01-11 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Dispositif de commande de lampe à del
WO2019166812A1 (fr) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Broseley Limited Source de lumière à intensité d'éclairage réglable
WO2019166808A1 (fr) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Broseley Limited Systèmes de gradation
CN112056008A (zh) * 2018-03-01 2020-12-08 布罗斯利有限公司 调光系统
US11134557B2 (en) 2018-03-01 2021-09-28 Broseley Limited Dimmable light source
US11832367B2 (en) 2018-03-01 2023-11-28 Broseley Limited Dimming systems
CN110082577A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-08-02 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种用于判断节电器窃电行为的诊断方法及系统

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