WO2013104812A1 - Omnidirectional sound source and method for generating omnidirectional sounds - Google Patents

Omnidirectional sound source and method for generating omnidirectional sounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013104812A1
WO2013104812A1 PCT/ES2012/070907 ES2012070907W WO2013104812A1 WO 2013104812 A1 WO2013104812 A1 WO 2013104812A1 ES 2012070907 W ES2012070907 W ES 2012070907W WO 2013104812 A1 WO2013104812 A1 WO 2013104812A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
source
omnidirectional
closed surface
transducers
sound source
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PCT/ES2012/070907
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pere Artis Gabarro
Oriol Guasch Fortuny
Sayin UMUT
Original Assignee
Universitat Ramon Llull Fundacio Privada
Fundacio Privada Universitat I Tecnologia
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Publication of WO2013104812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013104812A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/06—Arranging circuit leads; Relieving strain on circuit leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/10—Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/028—Structural combinations of loudspeakers with built-in power amplifiers, e.g. in the same acoustic enclosure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2217/00—Details of magnetostrictive, piezoelectric, or electrostrictive transducers covered by H04R15/00 or H04R17/00 but not provided for in any of their subgroups
    • H04R2217/03—Parametric transducers where sound is generated or captured by the acoustic demodulation of amplitude modulated ultrasonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the invention is framed within the general framework of electroacoustic engineering, and in particular in the field of the construction of noise sources such as loudspeakers.
  • noise sources such as loudspeakers.
  • acoustic engineering applications such as acoustic insulation measurements between premises, reciprocal measures in transmission path analysis, or the vast majority of measurements made in the reverberating rooms of laboratories, it is necessary to have sound sources omnidirectional These are sources that, ideally, emit the same amount of sound pressure in all directions of space and for all frequencies.
  • the present invention proposes how to construct an omnidirectional source using a technology and physical principles totally different from those used in conventional omnidirectional sources and that, moreover, presents numerous advantages with respect to these.
  • omnidirectional sources are dodecahedral sources, that is, sources formed by a set of twelve conventional speakers arranged in a dodecahedron, which tries to emulate what it would be the behavior of a spherical source that emits in all directions.
  • the noise level they can generate is limited by the size of the speakers. If these are very small, their radiation at low frequencies will be very poor, so it is necessary to have speakers of a considerable size.
  • the present invention is based on the construction of an omnidirectional sound source by means of ultrasonic transducers. This can be carried out by arranging a set of ultrasonic transducers (preferably about 500) on the surface of a sphere and mounting the relevant circuitry inside, as will be detailed in the next section.
  • Ultrasound transducers convert an electrical signal into acoustic pressure in the range of ultrasonic frequencies (and therefore not audible).
  • the non-linear behavior of the air causes it to act as a demodulator of the signal so that it becomes audible.
  • the present invention uses the ability of an ultrasonic transducer to generate audible sound thanks to the fact that the non-linearity of the air acts as a demodulator of the signal.
  • the directivity of the audible acoustic signal generated follows that of the field of ultrasonic pressures, that is, there is only audible acoustic field in those points of the space where the ultrasonic field is present.
  • the directivity does not depend on the size of the ultrasonic transducer and since the number of transducers that we can use is very high thanks to its small size, all the space around the source is covered with a uniform acoustic pressure, which is not the case with conventional speakers.
  • the ultrasound transducers are small and very light so that if the sphere is constructed with appropriate materials, the weight of the source is low, being able to be, for example, 1 kg for a sphere diameter of 15 cm and can handle with one hand. This supposes a great advantage of manageability with respect to conventional omnidirectional sources.
  • the circuitry that joins the transducers (see next section) is mounted inside the sphere and can be filled with absorbent material to avoid the backscattering of the transducers. Since these operate at very high frequencies, the corresponding wavelengths are very small so that the degree of absorption, even with little absorbing, is very high and the problem of backscattering practically disappears.
  • the present invention discloses the use of the ability to generate sound audible by ultrasound, to create an omnidirectional sound source that solves some of the problems characteristic of conventional sources.
  • the present invention protects the use of ultrasound to generate an omnidirectional sound source in the audible range, by means of the placement of ultrasound transducers in a closed surface (the spherical geometry would be the most logical although other geometries can be used).
  • a closed surface it is understood that it is except for the necessary openings for the wiring, the triptych bolt, etc.
  • the size of the sphere, the materials that make it up as well as the circuitry and the number of transducers used can vary from one design to another.
  • the present invention comprises an omnidirectional sound source comprising a series of ultrasonic transducers distributed uniformly along a closed surface, preferably a sphere.
  • the present invention also comprises a method for generating omnidirectional environmental sounds from a change signal comprising the steps of:
  • the method also comprises the amplification of the wave modulated prior to its emission.
  • drawings of an embodiment of an omnidirectional sound source are attached as explanatory but not limiting examples. procedure for generating omnidirectional sounds, object of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a diametral cut in which the interior of the example shown in Figure 1 can be seen.
  • the new omnidirectional source of the example of figures 1 and 2 can be constructed in the following way:
  • an empty -1- sphere of about 15 cm in diameter is used, on which a set of about 500 ultrasound transducers -2- of approximately 1 cm diameter are mounted, and with a resonance frequency of the order of about 40kHz. , or higher.
  • the circuitry -3- which joins the transducers in parallel in the interior of the sphere is assembled, and this is filled with absorbent material (not shown in the figures) to avoid "back-scattering" of the transducers.
  • absorbent material can also be arranged on the underside of the sphere.
  • the wall constituting the sphere -1- can also be formed of absorbent material.
  • a port -5-, -6- input for example, the one shown in the figure or an RCA port that would be suitable for the example shown, by its size and widespread use is also added to the surface of the sphere.
  • the source should preferably be used appropriately to function properly.
  • the audible signal to be generated is previously modulated with a carrier wave whose frequency is the same as the resonance frequency of the transducers -2-.
  • the source preferably has its own amplifier (not shown in the figures) to ensure that the signal from Input presents and / or maintains an adequate level so as not to damage the ultrasonic transducers.
  • the ultrasonic omnidirectional source of the example preferably, should not be used with other amplifiers since they could damage the piezoelectric elements of the transducers.
  • This invention can be used for all industrial applications in which conventional omnidirectional sources are used. Some of the most important are the following:
  • TPA Transfer Path Analysis

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

Omnidirectional sound source which comprises a series of ultrasonic transducers uniformly distributed along a closed surface.

Description

FUENTE SONORA OMNIDIRECCIONAL Y PROCEDIMIENTO PARA GENERAR SONIDOS OMNIDIRECCIONALES  OMNIDIRECTIONAL SOUND SOURCE AND PROCEDURE TO GENERATE OMNIDIRECTIONAL SOUNDS
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Indicación del sector de la técnica al que se refiere la invención.  Indication of the sector of the art to which the invention relates.
La invención se enmarca dentro del marco general de la ingeniería electroacústica, y en concreto en el campo de la construcción de fuentes de ruido tales como los altavoces. Para ciertas aplicaciones de ingeniería acústica tales como las medidas de aislamiento acústico entre locales, las medidas de reciprocidad en análisis de vías de transmisión, o la gran mayoría de medidas que se realizan en las salas reverberantes de los laboratorios, es necesario disponer de fuentes sonoras omnidireccionales. Estas son fuentes que, idealmente, emiten la misma cantidad de presión sonora en todas las direcciones del espacio y para todas las frecuencias. La presente invención propone cómo construir una fuente omnidireccional utilizando una tecnología y principios físicos totalmente distintos a los que se usan en las fuentes omnidireccionales convencionales y que, además, presenta numerosas ventajas respecto a éstas.  The invention is framed within the general framework of electroacoustic engineering, and in particular in the field of the construction of noise sources such as loudspeakers. For certain acoustic engineering applications such as acoustic insulation measurements between premises, reciprocal measures in transmission path analysis, or the vast majority of measurements made in the reverberating rooms of laboratories, it is necessary to have sound sources omnidirectional These are sources that, ideally, emit the same amount of sound pressure in all directions of space and for all frequencies. The present invention proposes how to construct an omnidirectional source using a technology and physical principles totally different from those used in conventional omnidirectional sources and that, moreover, presents numerous advantages with respect to these.
Indicación del estado de la técnica anterior a la invención.  Indication of the state of the art prior to the invention.
Actualmente existe una gran cantidad de fuentes omnidireccionales en el mercado y prácticamente todos los grandes fabricantes de instrumentación acústica disponen de su propio modelo. La gran mayoría de fuentes omnidireccionales presentan la misma configuración: se trata de fuentes dodecaédricas , es decir, de fuentes formadas por un conjunto de doce altavoces convencionales dispuestos en un dodecaedro, que intenta emular lo que sería el comportamiento de una fuente esférica que emite en todas las direcciones. Currently there is a large number of omnidirectional sources in the market and practically all large manufacturers of acoustic instrumentation have their own model. The vast majority of omnidirectional sources have the same configuration: they are dodecahedral sources, that is, sources formed by a set of twelve conventional speakers arranged in a dodecahedron, which tries to emulate what it would be the behavior of a spherical source that emits in all directions.
Las fuentes convencionales presentan cuatro problemas principales:  Conventional sources present four main problems:
En primer lugar, a bajas frecuencias, el nivel de ruido que pueden generar se ve limitado por el tamaño de los altavoces. Si estos son muy pequeños, su radiación a bajas frecuencias será muy pobre, con lo que es necesario disponer de altavoces de un tamaño considerable.  First, at low frequencies, the noise level they can generate is limited by the size of the speakers. If these are very small, their radiation at low frequencies will be very poor, so it is necessary to have speakers of a considerable size.
Por otra parte, si los altavoces son grandes, su radiación a altas frecuencias se vuelve muy directiva, con lo que no consiguen generar un campo realmente omnidireccional . Esto resulta particularmente problemático a partir de los 5kHz.  On the other hand, if the loudspeakers are large, their radiation at high frequencies becomes very directive, which does not generate a truly omnidirectional field. This is particularly problematic after 5kHz.
En tercer lugar, debido al tamaño de los altavoces, las fuentes convencionales son muy poco manejables: suelen tener grandes dimensiones y un peso elevado, de forma que a menudo se requiere de más de una persona para moverlas.  Third, due to the size of the speakers, conventional sources are very unmanageable: they tend to have large dimensions and a high weight, so that often more than one person is required to move them.
Finalmente, el backscattering (radiación de sonido en la dirección opuesta a la que apunta el altavoz) de los altavoces convencionales hacia el interior del dodecaedro resulta un problema difícil de tratar, que puede ocasionar perturbaciones en la uniformidad del campo acústico cercano generado. De hecho, su tratamiento suele repercutir en un aumento de la complejidad y peso de la fuente convencional.  Finally, the backscattering (sound radiation in the direction opposite to that pointed by the loudspeaker) of conventional loudspeakers towards the interior of the dodecahedron is a difficult problem to deal with, which can cause disturbances in the uniformity of the nearby acoustic field generated. In fact, its treatment usually has an increase in the complexity and weight of the conventional source.
Estos cuatro problemas pueden solventarse con la nueva invención propuesta.  These four problems can be solved with the proposed new invention.
La presente invención se basa en la construcción de una fuente sonora omnidireccional mediante transductores de ultrasonidos. Esta se puede llevar a cabo disponiendo un conjunto de transductores de ultrasonidos (preferentemente unos 500) en la superficie de una esfera y montando la circuiteria pertinente en su interior, tal y como se detallará en el siguiente apartado. Los transductores de ultrasonidos convierten una señal eléctrica en presión acústica en el rango de frecuencias ultrasónicas (y por lo tanto no audibles) . Sin embargo, el comportamiento no lineal del aire hace que éste actúe como un demodulador de la señal de forma que ésta se vuelve audible. La presente invención utiliza la capacidad que tiene un transductor de ultrasonidos para generar sonido audible gracias al hecho de que la no-linealidad del aire actúa como demodulador de la señal. Este fenómeno fue descubierto por Westervelt en los años 60. Asi, es posible generar haces de sonido audible altamente directivos. Aunque pueda resultar paradójico, aprovechando esta característica de los haces de ultrasonidos, es posible construir una fuente de ruido altamente omnidireccional que solvente los problemas de las fuentes convencionales, expuestos en el anterior apartado. The present invention is based on the construction of an omnidirectional sound source by means of ultrasonic transducers. This can be carried out by arranging a set of ultrasonic transducers (preferably about 500) on the surface of a sphere and mounting the relevant circuitry inside, as will be detailed in the next section. Ultrasound transducers convert an electrical signal into acoustic pressure in the range of ultrasonic frequencies (and therefore not audible). However, the non-linear behavior of the air causes it to act as a demodulator of the signal so that it becomes audible. The present invention uses the ability of an ultrasonic transducer to generate audible sound thanks to the fact that the non-linearity of the air acts as a demodulator of the signal. This phenomenon was discovered by Westervelt in the 60s. Thus, it is possible to generate highly directive audible sound beams. Although it may be paradoxical, taking advantage of this feature of the ultrasound beams, it is possible to build a source of highly omnidirectional noise that solves the problems of conventional sources, discussed in the previous section.
Mientras que para las fuentes convencionales es necesario hallar un compromiso en el tamaño de los altavoces: deben ser grandes para poder generar bajas frecuencias pero esto repercute en el hecho que la directividad deja de ser uniforme para altas frecuencias y se produce el fenómeno del aliasing espacial. Esto no ocurre con la presente invención. La directividad de la señal acústica audible generada sigue la del campo de presiones ultrasónicas, es decir solamente existe campo acústico audible en aquellos puntos del espacio donde el campo ultrasónico está presente. La directividad no depende del tamaño del transductor ultrasónico y puesto que el número de transductores que podemos utilizar es muy elevado gracias a su reducido tamaño, todo el espacio alrededor de la fuente queda cubierto con una presión acústica uniforme, hecho que no sucede con los altavoces convencionales. Además, en un entorno de varios metros (dependiendo de las particularidades de los transductores) el nivel de sonido no disminuye con la distancia como ocurre con las fuentes convencionales. Dichas características cubren todo el rango de frecuencias audibles de modo que la nueva fuente no presenta los problemas característicos de las fuentes convencionales para bajas y altas frecuencias. While for conventional sources it is necessary to find a compromise in the size of the speakers: they must be large in order to generate low frequencies but this has an effect on the fact that the directivity stops being uniform for high frequencies and the phenomenon of spatial aliasing occurs . This does not occur with the present invention. The directivity of the audible acoustic signal generated follows that of the field of ultrasonic pressures, that is, there is only audible acoustic field in those points of the space where the ultrasonic field is present. The directivity does not depend on the size of the ultrasonic transducer and since the number of transducers that we can use is very high thanks to its small size, all the space around the source is covered with a uniform acoustic pressure, which is not the case with conventional speakers. In addition, in an environment of several meters (depending on the particularities of the transducers) the sound level does not decrease with distance as with conventional sources. These characteristics cover the entire range of audible frequencies so that the new source does not present the characteristic problems of conventional sources for low and high frequencies.
Además, los transductores de ultrasonidos son pequeños y muy ligeros de forma que si la esfera se construye con materiales apropiados, el peso de la fuente es bajo, pudiendo ser, por ejemplo, de 1 kg para un diámetro de esfera de 15 cm y puede manejarse con una sola mano. Esto supone una gran ventaja de manejabilidad respecto las fuentes omnidireccionales convencionales.  In addition, the ultrasound transducers are small and very light so that if the sphere is constructed with appropriate materials, the weight of the source is low, being able to be, for example, 1 kg for a sphere diameter of 15 cm and can handle with one hand. This supposes a great advantage of manageability with respect to conventional omnidirectional sources.
La circuitería que une los transductores (ver siguiente apartado) se monta en el interior de la esfera pudiendo rellenar ésta con material absorbente para evitar el backscattering de los transductores. Ya que éstos operan a muy altas frecuencias, las longitudes de onda correspondientes son muy pequeñas con lo que el grado de absorción, incluso con poco absorbente, es muy elevado y el problema del backscattering prácticamente desaparece.  The circuitry that joins the transducers (see next section) is mounted inside the sphere and can be filled with absorbent material to avoid the backscattering of the transducers. Since these operate at very high frequencies, the corresponding wavelengths are very small so that the degree of absorption, even with little absorbing, is very high and the problem of backscattering practically disappears.
En definitiva, la presente invención da a conocer la utilización de la capacidad de generar sonido audible mediante ultrasonidos, para crear una fuente omnidireccional sonora que solventa algunos de los problemas característicos de las fuentes convencionales.  In short, the present invention discloses the use of the ability to generate sound audible by ultrasound, to create an omnidirectional sound source that solves some of the problems characteristic of conventional sources.
Así pues, la presente invención protege el uso de ultrasonidos para generar una fuente sonora omnidireccional en el rango audible, mediante la colocación de transductores de ultrasonidos en una superficie cerrada (la geometría esférica sería la más lógica aunque otras geometrías pueden ser utilizadas) . Cuando hablamos de superficie cerrada se sobreentiende que ésta lo es a excepción de las aperturas necesarias para el cableado, perno del tríptico, etc. Cabe señalar además, que lógicamente el tamaño de la esfera, los materiales que la componen así como la circuitería y el número de transductores utilizados pueden variar de un diseño a otro. Thus, the present invention protects the use of ultrasound to generate an omnidirectional sound source in the audible range, by means of the placement of ultrasound transducers in a closed surface (the spherical geometry would be the most logical although other geometries can be used). When we speak of a closed surface, it is understood that it is except for the necessary openings for the wiring, the triptych bolt, etc. It should also be noted that logically the size of the sphere, the materials that make it up as well as the circuitry and the number of transducers used can vary from one design to another.
Resumiendo, la presente invención comprende una fuente sonora omnidireccional que comprende una serie de transductores de ultrasonidos distribuidos uniformemente a lo largo de una superficie cerrada, preferentemente una esfera.  In summary, the present invention comprises an omnidirectional sound source comprising a series of ultrasonic transducers distributed uniformly along a closed surface, preferably a sphere.
Asimismo, la presente invención también comprende un procedimiento para generar sonidos ambientales omnidireccionales a partir de una señal de cambio que comprende los pasos de:  Also, the present invention also comprises a method for generating omnidirectional environmental sounds from a change signal comprising the steps of:
- Distribuir una serie de transductores de ultrasonidos de manera uniforme a lo largo de una superficie cerrada.  - Distribute a series of ultrasonic transducers uniformly along a closed surface.
- Modular la señal de audio con una onda portadora cuya frecuencia es la frecuencia de resonancia de los transductores de ultrasonidos.  - Modulate the audio signal with a carrier wave whose frequency is the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducers.
- Emitir la señal modulada a través de transductores de ultrasonidos.  - Emit the modulated signal through ultrasound transducers.
Preferentemente, el procedimiento también comprende la amplificación de la onda modulada previamente a su emisión.  Preferably, the method also comprises the amplification of the wave modulated prior to its emission.
Para su mejor comprensión se adjuntan, a título de ejemplo explicativo pero no limitativo, unos dibujos de una realización de fuente sonora omnidireccional y procedimiento para generar sonidos omnidireccionales , objeto de la presente invención. For better understanding, drawings of an embodiment of an omnidirectional sound source are attached as explanatory but not limiting examples. procedure for generating omnidirectional sounds, object of the present invention.
La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un ejemplo de realización de la invención.  Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.
La figura 2 muestra un corte diametral en el que se aprecia el interior del ejemplo mostrado en la figura 1.  Figure 2 shows a diametral cut in which the interior of the example shown in Figure 1 can be seen.
La nueva fuente omnidireccional del ejemplo de las figuras 1 y 2 puede construirse de la siguiente forma:  The new omnidirectional source of the example of figures 1 and 2 can be constructed in the following way:
Como estructura se utiliza una esfera -1- vacia de unos 15 cm de diámetro sobre la cual se montan un conjunto de unos 500 transductores -2- de ultrasonidos de aproximadamente 1 cm de diámetro, y con una frecuencia de resonancia del orden de unos 40kHz, o superior. Se monta la circuiteria -3- que une los transductores en paralelo en el interior de la esfera, y ésta se rellena con material absorbente (no mostrado en las figuras) para evitar el "back-scattering" de los transductores. Con el mismo fin, también puede disponerse el material acústicamente absorbente en la cara inferior de la esfera. La pared que constituye la esfera -1- también puede estar formada de material absorbente. En la superficie de la esfera también se añade un puerto -5-, -6- de entrada, por ejemplo, el mostrado en la figura o un puerto RCA que seria adecuado para el ejemplo mostrado, por su tamaño y uso generalizado.  As a structure, an empty -1- sphere of about 15 cm in diameter is used, on which a set of about 500 ultrasound transducers -2- of approximately 1 cm diameter are mounted, and with a resonance frequency of the order of about 40kHz. , or higher. The circuitry -3- which joins the transducers in parallel in the interior of the sphere is assembled, and this is filled with absorbent material (not shown in the figures) to avoid "back-scattering" of the transducers. For the same purpose, acoustically absorbent material can also be arranged on the underside of the sphere. The wall constituting the sphere -1- can also be formed of absorbent material. A port -5-, -6- input, for example, the one shown in the figure or an RCA port that would be suitable for the example shown, by its size and widespread use is also added to the surface of the sphere.
La fuente debe preferentemente utilizarse de forma apropiada para que funcione correctamente. Para ello, la señal audible a generar se modula previamente con una onda portadora cuya frecuencia sea la misma que la frecuencia de resonancia de los transductores -2-. La fuente preferentemente presenta su propio amplificador (no mostrado en las figuras) para asegurar que la señal de entrada presenta y/o mantiene un nivel adecuado para no dañar los transductores ultrasónicos. La fuente omnidireccional ultrasónica del ejemplo, preferentemente, no debería usarse con otros amplificadores ya que podrían dañar los elementos piezoeléctricos de los transductores. En principio, es preferible que el amplificador sea externo a la esfera para tener mayor flexibilidad en el uso de dispositivos de distintos tamaños y resonancias, que exigirían modificaciones en los controles del amplificador. Esto no supone ninguna desventaja en relación a las fuentes omnidireccionales convencionales, ya que la mayoría de éstas también funcionan con un amplificador externo. The source should preferably be used appropriately to function properly. For this, the audible signal to be generated is previously modulated with a carrier wave whose frequency is the same as the resonance frequency of the transducers -2-. The source preferably has its own amplifier (not shown in the figures) to ensure that the signal from Input presents and / or maintains an adequate level so as not to damage the ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasonic omnidirectional source of the example, preferably, should not be used with other amplifiers since they could damage the piezoelectric elements of the transducers. In principle, it is preferable that the amplifier be external to the sphere to have greater flexibility in the use of devices of different sizes and resonances, which would require modifications in the amplifier's controls. This is not a disadvantage in relation to conventional omnidirectional sources, since most of these also work with an external amplifier.
Finalmente, cabe señalar que con la presente invención los dos únicos puntos ciegos de la esfera serían la conexión macho-hembra -6-, -5- de la señal de entrada y el perno para sujetar la fuente con un trípode -4-, al igual que ocurre con las fuentes convencionales.  Finally, it should be noted that with the present invention the only two blind spots in the sphere would be the male-female connection -6-, -5- of the input signal and the pin to hold the source with a tripod -4-, as it happens with conventional sources.
Esta invención puede utilizarse para todas las aplicaciones industriales en que vienen utilizándose fuentes omnidireccionales convencionales. Algunas de las más importantes son las siguientes:  This invention can be used for all industrial applications in which conventional omnidirectional sources are used. Some of the most important are the following:
- Medidas en sala reverberante de laboratorios acústicos para la obtención, por ejemplo, de coeficientes de absorción acústica de materiales.  - Measures in the reverberating room of acoustic laboratories for obtaining, for example, coefficients of acoustic absorption of materials.
- Medidas en cabinas de transmisión en laboratorio para la medida del aislamiento acústico de paneles. - Measures in transmission cabinets in the laboratory for the measurement of acoustic insulation of panels.
- Medidas in situ de aislamiento acústico entre locales . - On-site measurements of acoustic insulation between premises.
- Medidas in situ por reciprocidad en análisis de vías de transmisión (TPA: Transfer Path Analysis) en todo tipo de sectores industriales tales como el automovilístico, naval, aeronáutico, etc. - Medidas in situ de caracterización de salas. - On-site measurements by reciprocity in transmission path analysis (TPA: Transfer Path Analysis) in all types of industrial sectors such as automobile, naval, aeronautical, etc. - On-site measurements of room characterization.
Si bien la invención se ha descrito con respecto a ejemplos de realizaciones preferentes, éstos no se deben considerar limitativos de la invención, que se definirá por la interpretación más amplia de las siguientes reivindicaciones .  Although the invention has been described with respect to examples of preferred embodiments, these should not be considered as limiting the invention, which will be defined by the broadest interpretation of the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Fuente sonora omnidireccional , caracterizada porque comprende una serie de transductores de ultrasonidos distribuidos uniformemente a lo largo de una superficie cerrada.  1. Omnidirectional sound source, characterized in that it comprises a series of ultrasonic transducers distributed uniformly along a closed surface.
2. Fuente, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la superficie es una esfera.  2. Source, according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface is a sphere.
3. Fuente, según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizada porque el cableado asociado a los transductores de ultrasonidos se sitúa en el interior de la superficie cerrada.  3. Source, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wiring associated with the ultrasound transducers is located inside the closed surface.
4. Fuente, según la reivindicación 3, caracterizada porque la superficie cerrada dispone en su interior de un material sónicamente absorbente.  4. Source, according to claim 3, characterized in that the closed surface has in its interior a sonically absorbent material.
5. Fuente, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada porque la fuente presenta además un modulador que modula la señal audible a generar con una onda portadora de una frecuencia igual a la frecuencia de resonancia de los transductores de ultrasonidos.  5. Source, according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the source also has a modulator that modulates the audible signal to be generated with a carrier wave of a frequency equal to the resonance frequency of the ultrasound transducers.
6. Fuente, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizada porque la fuente comprende, además, un amplificador.  6. Source, according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the source also comprises an amplifier.
7. Fuente, según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque el amplificador se sitúa externamente a la superficie cerrada.  7. Source, according to claim 6, characterized in that the amplifier is located externally to the closed surface.
8. Fuente, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizada porque la superficie cerrada presenta una entrada para cables y un conector para fijar la fuente a un soporte.  8. Source, according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the closed surface has a cable entry and a connector for fixing the source to a support.
9. Procedimiento para generar sonidos audibles omnidireccionales a partir de una señal de audio, caracterizado porque comprende los pasos de: - Distribuir una serie de transductores de ultrasonidos de manera uniforme a lo largo de una superficie cerrada. 9. Procedure for generating omnidirectional audible sounds from an audio signal, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: - Distribute a series of ultrasonic transducers uniformly along a closed surface.
- Modular la señal de audio con una onda portadora cuya frecuencia es la frecuencia de resonancia de los transductores de ultrasonidos.  - Modulate the audio signal with a carrier wave whose frequency is the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducers.
- Emitir la señal modulada a través de transductores de ultrasonidos.  - Emit the modulated signal through ultrasound transducers.
10. Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque comprende la amplificación de la onda modulada previamente a su emisión.  10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises the amplification of the modulated wave prior to its emission.
PCT/ES2012/070907 2012-01-13 2012-12-21 Omnidirectional sound source and method for generating omnidirectional sounds WO2013104812A1 (en)

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