WO2013104084A1 - Synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for d2d devices - Google Patents

Synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for d2d devices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013104084A1
WO2013104084A1 PCT/CN2012/000059 CN2012000059W WO2013104084A1 WO 2013104084 A1 WO2013104084 A1 WO 2013104084A1 CN 2012000059 W CN2012000059 W CN 2012000059W WO 2013104084 A1 WO2013104084 A1 WO 2013104084A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user equipment
connectivity
another user
macro
indication
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PCT/CN2012/000059
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Chunyan Gao
Pengfei Sun
Jing HAN
Wei Bai
Haiming Wang
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Renesas Mobile Corporation
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/000059 priority Critical patent/WO2013104084A1/en
Publication of WO2013104084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013104084A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H04W56/002—Mutual synchronization
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/14—Direct-mode setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/18—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods, apparatuses and a computer program product for enabling synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices.
  • D2D Device to Device communication
  • 3GPP TSG-RAN #52 plenary As described in reference [1] , The 3GPP SA WG1 work item was approved in SA plenary #53 to start defining the use cases and requirements for the proximity communication .
  • the D2D operation can be designed to be fully controlled by eNB, e.g., the device discovery, the link setup, resource allocation etc.
  • eNB e.g., the device discovery, the link setup, resource allocation etc.
  • the fully eNB controlled pairing and resource allocation for each device may cause significant burden to the eNB due to the increased signaling.
  • the device initially has no desired pair to connect for D2D operation and it would like to know all the potential peers in its vicinity. In this case, eNB may inform that the adjacent devices require accurate position information, which may be unavailable. From this point of view, automatic discovery of other devices is desirable.
  • this dedicated channel In order to enable automatic discovery of other D2D devices, there can be a dedicated channel reserved for this purpose. In this channel, some devices send a specific signal with predefined format, and then other devices listening in this channel can know the existence of the transmitters. In the following description, this dedicated channel is called the discovery channel and the specific signal is called the discovery signal. These terms are already known and discovery signal design has been discussed e.g. in references [2], [3], and [4]. After device discovery, once the interesting device/devices may have been found, the device can coordinate with the interested peer to set up a direct link.
  • D2D connection and a device to macro network connection coexist for the same device, but whether there can be simultaneous D2D and macro mode communication in same the subframe depends on the UE capability and the frequency resource allocated for D2D and macro connections.
  • Fig. 1 The first issue caused by this TDMed D2D and macro transmission is that precise timing synchronization must be realized between D2D and macro transmission to avoid interference.
  • An example is given in Fig. 1 to demonstrate this TDMed sharing with three possible configurations.
  • U denotes uplink
  • D denotes downlink
  • S denotes signaling.
  • the D2D transmission must be fit into certain duration to realize such TDMed sharing. Without proper timing reference, the D2D device will be unable to know the right transmission timing for itself.
  • the connectivity time for macro is very possibly configurable by eNB depending on the traffic for a device, just like the DRX (discontinuous reception) configuration which is UE-specific.
  • DRX discontinuous reception
  • UE which is capable of simultaneous D2D and macro operation
  • there is no connectivity time restriction configured i.e., device can operate in any subframe for macro and D2D operation.
  • the eNB can configure much connectivity subframes for it to increase the scheduling possibility.
  • the eNB can configure only a few subframes for macro connection, mainly for important control signaling sending/detection. Then the connectivity time configuration can be much different for UEs, so, for a D2D pair, the available time for D2D depends on both device's capability and macro connectivity configurations.
  • D2D communication is available only in the overlapped subframes for D2D. If connectivity restrictions of device A and device B are independently configured, this will cause a small overlap and in some extreme cases, no overlap, such that D2D is not possible. The problem can be seen in the example shown in Figure 2.
  • the TDMed operation of macro and D2D is a natural way to reduce interference and to make D2D and macro link coexist for some D2D and macro resource allocation scheme.
  • reference [8] there is a proposal of the TDMed scheme.
  • the timing issue has been studied in some references [5], [6], and [7], although the specific scenario may be slightly different.
  • the main idea is to synchronize the transmission of the D2D device (may be other kind of devices in these references, such as femto eNB in reference [6]) to the Macro eNB's DL timing (see Fig . 3). In this way, a common timing reference is available for ail D2D transmission.
  • the timing procedure is briefly described in the following.
  • the UE1 gets its timing delay to eNB by LTE TA procedure, as indicated by Tl in Figure 3. Then, in a second step, UE1 knows the eNB DL timing, and thus transmits the discovery signal with corresponding TA (see Fig. 4).
  • the discovery signal is supposed to arrive at UE3 at the eNB DL timing delayed by T2. As UE3 knows the eNB DL timing as well, it can estimate T2 by measuring the received discovery signal from UE1 in a third step. Then in a fourth step, the UE3 transmits to UE1 based on T2.
  • the discovery signal or the payload thereafter arrives at UE3 at the eNB Tx timing delayed by T2. It can be seen that D2D transmission collides with the macro DL transmission as T4 or Tl is not properly considered. A demonstration of this kind of collision is given in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the D2D is synchronized to the macro DL Tx thus the goal of getting D2D devices a common timing reference is achieved.
  • a method comprising:
  • a method comprising : receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the another user equipment,
  • a method comprising : receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station,
  • an apparatus comprising:
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
  • an apparatus comprising:
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
  • an apparatus comprising:
  • At least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code,
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
  • the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments
  • an apparatus comprising:
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
  • an apparatus comprising:
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
  • determining macro connectivity configuration information of the apparatus inserting the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and sending the discovery signal response to the user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
  • a computer program product comprising computer-executable computer program code which, when the program is run on a computer (e.g. a computer of an apparatus according to any one of the aforementioned apparatus-related exemplary aspects of the present invention), is configured to cause the computer to carry out the method according to any one of the aforementioned method- related exemplary aspects of the present invention.
  • a computer e.g. a computer of an apparatus according to any one of the aforementioned apparatus-related exemplary aspects of the present invention
  • Such computer program product may comprise or be embodied as a (tangible) computer-readable (storage) medium or the like on which the computer- executable computer program code is stored, and/or the program may be directly loadable into an internal memory of the computer or a processor thereof.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating TDD sharing of D2D and cellular system .
  • Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example for time restriction for D2D due to different connectivity configuration.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a scheme to synchronize D2D transmission timing to eNB DL timing.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a timing advance procedure for D2D device transmitting discovery signal.
  • Figure 5 is diagram illustrating collision due to macro DL delay.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a discovery signal according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an alignment of D2D transmission and the cellular transmission according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating delay information exchange according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating a first example of connectivity time reconfiguration according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating a second example of connectivity time reconfiguration according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 shows a principle flowchart of an example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 shows a principle configuration of an example for a user equipment according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 shows a principle configuration of an example for a base station according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • the following description of the present invention and its embodiments mainly refers to specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and deployments. Namely, the present invention and its embodiments are mainly described in relation to 3GPP specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and deployments.
  • a LTE/LTE-Advanced communication system is used as a non-limiting example for the applicabiiity of thus described exemplary embodiments.
  • the description of exemplary embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples, and does naturally not limit the invention in any way. Rather, any other network configuration or system deployment, etc. may also be utilized as long as compliant with the features described herein.
  • timing synchronization solution to get the D2D transmission and the macro transmission synchronized.
  • macro connectivity time adjustment procedure to meet the required D2D resource requirement.
  • a novel timing synchronization procedure is proposed. According to the proposal, some control information is added to the discovery signal.
  • the TA timing advance
  • Ts self delay to eNB
  • Tt delay to target device
  • Te target device's delay to eNB
  • its time for macro connectivity can be adjusted according to the procedure shown in the following, with the assumption that the available subframe for D2D, or connectivity time configuration to macro, can be broadcasted in discovery signal or/and in the response to the discovery signal.
  • the device B can know the device A's restriction for D2D communication and restriction for connectivity time to eNB, Then, when some condition is satisfied, the device B will send an indication to eNB for macro connectivity time reconfiguration.
  • condition to trigger such an indication could be for example :
  • the overlapped time for D2D communication is less than a predefined threshold.
  • the indication can be, for example:
  • the indication can be sent after link setup with device A, and the eNB can confirm/configure the new connectivity pattern to device B or both device A and B, e.g., via a single signaling.
  • device A after discovery signal transmission, device A will detect the discovery signal response from other devices where the macro connectivity pattern or available D2D time is included. Then, when some condition is satisfied, the device A will send an indication to eNB to reconfigure the macro connectivity for some devices.
  • the condition to trigger such report can be :
  • the overlapped time for D2D communication is less than a predefined threshold.
  • the indication can include a device list of those which responded to it, or part of them (from which eNB can know the connectivity restriction), and, may also include one suggested connectivity time pattern for them. Based on that, the eNB can
  • the device sets up a link with device A with the connectivity pattern as signaled by device A.
  • the delay information exchange and connectivity adjustment can be realized by using the discovery signal .
  • the control information can be extracted by the D2D device after discovery signal detection.
  • the information of timing delay to the eNB is included in the (TA) part and the information on macro connectivity time is included in (Connectivity) part.
  • a certain D2D device for example UE3 in Fig. 3, successfully detects the discovery signal and extracts the control information (see Fig. 8), then, its UL transmission, e.g. transmission from UE3 to UE1, is advanced by its own delay to eNB plus the timing delay between two devices minus the timing delay value contained in the control information block, e.g. (T4+T2-T1) in Fig. 3. Then, we can see the resultant timing procedure ensures the alignment of the D2D transmission and the cellular transmission, as shown in Fig. 7. It must be noted that the transmission from UE1 to UE3 follows the same procedure and collision is avoided in UE3 side as well .
  • both device A and device B have macro and D2D operation in the same band. Then, their macro and D2D connections are TD ed. From the eNB side, it is not aware of which UEs will be paired, such that the connectivity time is configured for each UE independently considering their traffic. Then, there can be the case shown in the upper part of Figure 9 that the overlapped time for D2D operation is limited.
  • the device B which detected the discovery signal from device A and gets to know the available time for D2D communication can send indication to eNB, if the available time is not enough, or lower than a threshold.
  • the proposed threshold is to avoid too much signaling to and from eNB.
  • the indication can be sent in the UL connectivity time to eNB, after the link setup with device A.
  • the indication can be device A's ID, device A's connectivity pattern, or a suggested connectivity time pattern to use, or even only 1 bit to teli eNB that it will use device A's connectivity pattern.
  • the suggested connectivity pattern can be selected from a predefined set.
  • the eNB may adjust the connectivity and send the confirmation to the D2D pair, or to device B only and let device B coordinate with device A.
  • device A has macro operation in band 1 while D2D resource is in band 2, and device A support simultaneous macro and D2D operation in the same subframe, while device B has both macro and D2D resource in same band 2, and macro and D2D has to be TDMed.
  • no connectivity restriction configured by eNB exists for device A.
  • device B in this example, it is assumed in the initial stage, that all its traffic is going though the macro network and that it has been configured to connect to eNB in all subframes except for the time for device discovery.
  • device B the available time for D2D is very limited.
  • device B detected device A and would like to setup direct D2D link with it. Then, it sends the indication to eNB for connectivity time reconfiguration and waits for confirmation from eNB.
  • Fig. 11 shows a principle flowchart of an example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig.
  • this method comprises receiving, at a step Sill, a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station, determining, at a step S112, a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station, and calculating, at a step S113, a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station .
  • Fig. 12 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 12, this method comprises receiving, at a step S121, a discovery signal from another user equipment, and determining, at a step S122, macro connectivity configuration information of the user equipment, inserting, at a step S123, the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and sending, at a step S124, the discovery signal response to the another user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
  • Fig. 13 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig . 12, this method comprises sending, at a step S131, a discovery signal to another user equipment, receiving, at a step S132, a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the another user
  • the method further comprises deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment;
  • the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the user equipment and the another user equipment is below a predetermined threshold, wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the user equipment and the another user equipment are configured for device to device communication;
  • the indication includes a list of one or more of the another user equipments that sent the discovery signal response
  • the indication includes a suggested connectivity time pattern for the
  • the method further comprises setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the user equipment.
  • Fig. 14 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 14, this method comprises receiving, at a step S141, a discovery signal from another user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the another user equipment, deriving, at a step S142, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment, and, if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending, at a step S143, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to the base station.
  • the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the user equipment and the another user equipment is beiow a predetermined threshold, wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the user equipment and the another user equipment are configured for device to device communication;
  • the indication is an identification of the another user equipment
  • the indication is a macro connectivity time pattern of the another user equipment
  • the indication is a suggested connectivity pattern which is selected from a predefined set.
  • the method further comprises setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the another user equipment.
  • Fig. 15 shows a principle configuration of another example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • One option for implementing this example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention would be a component in a handset such as user equipment UE according to LTE.
  • the example for a user equipment 150 comprises at least one processor 151, at least one memory 152 including computer program code and an interface 153 which are connected by a bus 154 or the like.
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform receiving a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station, determining a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station, and calculating a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
  • Fig. 16 shows a principle flowchart of an example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 16, this method comprises receiving, at a step S161, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and determining, at a step S162, connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
  • the method further comprises confirming that the user equipment and the one or more another user equipments can apply the same connectivity pattern .
  • the indication further includes a suggested connectivity pattern from the user equipment
  • the method further comprises confirming that the user equipment or/and the one or more another user equipments can apply the connectivity pattern as suggested by the user equipment.
  • the method further comprises configuring a connectivity pattern for the user equipment and or the one or more another user equipments and signaling the connectivity pattern to the user equipment.
  • Fig. 17 shows a principle configuration of an example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • One option for implementing this example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention would be a base station according to LTE.
  • the example for a base station 170 comprises at [east one processor 171, at least one memory 172 including computer program code and an interface 173 which are connected by a bus 174 or the like.
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform receiving an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and determining connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
  • the apparatus i.e. the user equipment and the base station
  • the apparatus may comprise further units that are necessary for its respective operation as user equipment or base station, respectively. However, a description of these units is omitted in this specification.
  • the arrangement of the functional blocks of the devices is not construed to limit the invention, and the functions may be performed by one block or further split into sub-blocks.
  • the apparatuses i.e. the user equipment and the base station, may be connected via a link 155/175.
  • the iink 155/175 may be a physical and/or logical coupling, which is implementation-independent (e.g. wired or wireless).
  • a system may comprise any conceivable combination of the thus depicted devices/apparatuses and other network elements, which are configured to cooperate as described above.
  • respective functional blocks or elements according to above-described aspects can be implemented by any known means, either in hardware and/or software, respectively, if it is only adapted to perform the described functions of the respective parts.
  • the mentioned method steps can be realized in individual functional blocks or by individual devices, or one or more of the method steps can be realized in a single functional block or by a single device.
  • any procedural step or functionality is suitable to be implemented as software or by hardware without changing the idea of the present invention.
  • Such software may be software code independent and can be specified using any known or future developed programming language, such as e.g. Java, C++, C, and Assembler, as long as the functionality defined by the method steps is preserved.
  • Such hardware may be hardware type independent and can be implemented using any known or future developed hardware technology or any hybrids of these, such as MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor), CMOS (Complementary MOS), BiMOS (Bipolar MOS), BiCMOS (Bipolar CMOS), ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic), TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), etc., using for example ASIC (Application Specific IC (Integrated Circuit)) components, FPGA (Field-programmable Gate Arrays) components, CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) components or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) components.
  • MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • CMOS Complementary MOS
  • BiMOS Bipolar MOS
  • BiCMOS BiCMOS
  • ECL Emitter Coupled Logic
  • TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic
  • ASIC Application Specific IC
  • FPGA Field-programmable Gate Arrays
  • CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device
  • DSP
  • a device/apparatus may be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, system in package (SIP), or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of a device/apparatus or module, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as software in a (software) module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code portions for execution/being run on a processor.
  • a device may be regarded as a device/apparatus or as an assembly of more than one device/apparatus, whether functionally in cooperation with each other or functionally independently of each other but in a same device housing, for example.
  • Apparatuses and/or means or parts thereof can be implemented as individual devices, but this does not exclude that they may be implemented in a distributed fashion throughout the system, as long as the functionality of the device is preserved. Such and similar principles are to be considered as known to a skilled person.
  • Software in the sense of the present description comprises software code as such comprising code means or portions or a computer program or a computer program product for performing the respective functions, as well as software (or a computer program or a computer program product) embodied on a tangible medium such as a computer-readable (storage) medium having stored thereon a respective data structure or code means/portions or embodied in a signal or in a chip, potentially during processing thereof.
  • the present invention also covers any conceivable combination of method steps and operations described above, and any conceivable combination of nodes, apparatuses, modules or elements described above, as long as the above- described concepts of methodology and structural arrangement are applicable. That is, for example, it is possible to perform the above mentioned timing advance procedure and the connectivity adjustment procedure either individually or in combination.
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

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Abstract

The present invention relates to methods, apparatuses and a computer program product for enabling synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices. The present invention includes sending, at a user equipment, a discovery signal to another user equipment, receiving, at the user equipment, a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the another user equipment, and if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station.

Description

SYNCHRONIZATION AND MACRO CONNECTIVITY
RECONFIGURATION FOR D2D DEVICES
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods, apparatuses and a computer program product for enabling synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices.
Background
Device to Device (D2D) communication is currently a hot topic in telecommunication industry and under discussion between different partners. Motivation for D2D is that it could be used to improve the resource usage efficiency, reduce the power consumption at both eNB and UE side, off load the traffic from the cellular network. Further, it is also possible to enable some new service type in the future cellular networks. A new study item for D2D has been proposed in the 3GPP TSG-RAN #52 plenary, as described in reference [1] , The 3GPP SA WG1 work item was approved in SA plenary #53 to start defining the use cases and requirements for the proximity communication .
There are many motivations to introduce the D2D concept, e.g. , savings in resource compared with communication via network, interference reduction due to low transmit power, power saving at device side due to low transmit power, and shorter end to end delay. The D2D operation can be designed to be fully controlled by eNB, e.g., the device discovery, the link setup, resource allocation etc. However, in case there is a large number of devices capable of D2D operations, the fully eNB controlled pairing and resource allocation for each device may cause significant burden to the eNB due to the increased signaling. Moreover, in some case, the device initially has no desired pair to connect for D2D operation and it would like to know all the potential peers in its vicinity. In this case, eNB may inform that the adjacent devices require accurate position information, which may be unavailable. From this point of view, automatic discovery of other devices is desirable.
In order to enable automatic discovery of other D2D devices, there can be a dedicated channel reserved for this purpose. In this channel, some devices send a specific signal with predefined format, and then other devices listening in this channel can know the existence of the transmitters. In the following description, this dedicated channel is called the discovery channel and the specific signal is called the discovery signal. These terms are already known and discovery signal design has been discussed e.g. in references [2], [3], and [4]. After device discovery, once the interesting device/devices may have been found, the device can coordinate with the interested peer to set up a direct link.
It is a requirement that the D2D connection and a device to macro network connection coexist for the same device, but whether there can be simultaneous D2D and macro mode communication in same the subframe depends on the UE capability and the frequency resource allocated for D2D and macro connections. Some cases are shown below as an example.
• Case#l : Carrier 1 for D2D and carrier 2 for macro are in the same band, then D2D and macro operation has to be TDMed (time division multiplexed) due to interference;
• Case#2 : Carrier 1 for D2D and carrier 2 for macro are in a different band, then simultaneous D2D and macro is possible, but still depends:
• For UEs which only support a single carrier, such simultaneous operations are not possible, i.e, TDM is still to be used;
• For UEs which only support intra-band CA (carrier aggregation), e.g, due to RF (radio frequency) limitation, such CA of inter-band is not possible, i.e, TDM is still used;
• For UEs which only support DL inter-band CA, but not UL inter-band CA, then the simultaneous Rx (reception) in carrier 1 and carrier 2 is possible, but Tx (transmission) in carrier 1 and Tx in carrier 2 has to be TDM.
The first issue caused by this TDMed D2D and macro transmission is that precise timing synchronization must be realized between D2D and macro transmission to avoid interference. An example is given in Fig. 1 to demonstrate this TDMed sharing with three possible configurations. In Fig. 1, U denotes uplink, D denotes downlink and S denotes signaling.
It can be seen that the D2D transmission must be fit into certain duration to realize such TDMed sharing. Without proper timing reference, the D2D device will be unable to know the right transmission timing for itself.
Another problem arising from TDMed operation for macro and D2D is that the available macro connectivity time is device specific. The connectivity time for macro is very possibly configurable by eNB depending on the traffic for a device, just like the DRX (discontinuous reception) configuration which is UE-specific. For some UE which is capable of simultaneous D2D and macro operation (e.g., UEs support inter-band CA and D2D and macro operate in different band), there is no connectivity time restriction configured, i.e., device can operate in any subframe for macro and D2D operation. For some UEs which need a large resource for macro connection due to cellular DL/UL (downlink/uplink) traffic, the eNB can configure much connectivity subframes for it to increase the scheduling possibility. For some UEs which have little DL/UL traffic, the eNB can configure only a few subframes for macro connection, mainly for important control signaling sending/detection. Then the connectivity time configuration can be much different for UEs, so, for a D2D pair, the available time for D2D depends on both device's capability and macro connectivity configurations.
In another example, if both device A and device B are configured with connectivity restriction, then D2D communication is available only in the overlapped subframes for D2D. If connectivity restrictions of device A and device B are independently configured, this will cause a small overlap and in some extreme cases, no overlap, such that D2D is not possible. The problem can be seen in the example shown in Figure 2.
The TDMed operation of macro and D2D is a natural way to reduce interference and to make D2D and macro link coexist for some D2D and macro resource allocation scheme. In reference [8], there is a proposal of the TDMed scheme.
The timing issue has been studied in some references [5], [6], and [7], although the specific scenario may be slightly different. The main idea is to synchronize the transmission of the D2D device (may be other kind of devices in these references, such as femto eNB in reference [6]) to the Macro eNB's DL timing (see Fig . 3). In this way, a common timing reference is available for ail D2D transmission. The timing procedure is briefly described in the following.
In a first step, the UE1 gets its timing delay to eNB by LTE TA procedure, as indicated by Tl in Figure 3. Then, in a second step, UE1 knows the eNB DL timing, and thus transmits the discovery signal with corresponding TA (see Fig. 4). The discovery signal is supposed to arrive at UE3 at the eNB DL timing delayed by T2. As UE3 knows the eNB DL timing as well, it can estimate T2 by measuring the received discovery signal from UE1 in a third step. Then in a fourth step, the UE3 transmits to UE1 based on T2.
In the following analysis, it will be seen that this timing synchronization scheme will cause significant misalignment of the D2D transmission and the cellular transmission, which results in severe interference. In the third step, the discovery signal or the payload thereafter arrives at UE3 at the eNB Tx timing delayed by T2. It can be seen that D2D transmission collides with the macro DL transmission as T4 or Tl is not properly considered. A demonstration of this kind of collision is given in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the D2D is synchronized to the macro DL Tx thus the goal of getting D2D devices a common timing reference is achieved. However, as macro DL is delayed by the propagation T4, which cannot be ignored as the macro cell radius is normally large (up to 0.3ms with the 100km cell radius which corresponds to around 4 OFDM symbols), the transmission of D2D is misaligned with the macro transmission, which introduces severe interference to D2D transmission.
It can be seen that the information of timing delay of each device to the eNB is not exchanged between them. Therefore the inaccurate timing results in the coilision in Fig.5 which will introduce massive interference. As the timing delay of each device to the eNB is known by eNB, an offset may relief this situation based on the cellular timing reference. For example, eNB sets an offset similar to T4 to UE1 and similar to Tl to UE3. However, this will result in massive signaling burden to the network, particularly when UE1 and UE3 do not know to which they are trying to connect.
The interference problem caused by timing as mentioned above has not been discussed so far, and also no solution is available yet. For the connectivity problem, also no solution exists at present.
References:
[1] RP-110706, "On the need for a 3GPP study on LTE device-to-device discovery and communication", Qualcomm Incorporated, 3GPP TSG-RAN #52 plenary, May 31, 2011 - June 3, 2011.
[2] Doppler, K, ; Ribeiro, C.B. ; Kneckt, J. ; "Advances in D2D communications : Energy efficient service and device discovery radio," Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology (Wireless VITAE), 2011 2nd International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-6, Feb. 28, 2011 - March 3, 2011.
[3] US patent application US 2009/0017797 (Al)
[4] US patent application US 2009/0017843 (Al)
[5] US patent application US 2009/0016321 (Al) [6] US patent application US2009/0010244 (Al)
[7] US patent application US2010/0110983 (Al) [8] US patent application US2011/0255450 (Al)
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention, to address the interference problem caused by timing as mentioned above, as well as the connectivity problem.
According to various aspects of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, there is proposed a comprehensive solution consisting of timing synchronization and connectivity signaling to solve aforementioned problems.
According to exemplary aspects of the present invention/ there are provided methods, apparatuses and a computer program product for synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices.
Various aspects of exemplary embodiments of the present invention are set out in the appended claims.
According to an exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising :
sending, at a user equipment, a discovery signal to another user
equipment,
receiving, at the user equipment, a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the another user equipment, and
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to the base station.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising : receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the another user equipment,
deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment,
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to the base station.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising :
receiving, at a base station, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and
determining connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising : receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station,
determining, at the user equipment, a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station,
calculating a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising:
receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment,
determining, at the user equipment, macro connectivity configuration information of the user equipment,, inserting the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and
sending the discovery signal response to another user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
sending a discovery signal to a user equipment;
receiving a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the user equipment, and
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
receiving a discovery signal from another user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the another user equipment,
deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment,
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to the base station.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
receiving an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and
determining connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
receiving a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station,
determining a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station, and
calculating a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station ,
According to another exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
receiving a discovery signal from a user equipment,
determining macro connectivity configuration information of the apparatus, inserting the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and sending the discovery signal response to the user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
According to an exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer-executable computer program code which, when the program is run on a computer (e.g. a computer of an apparatus according to any one of the aforementioned apparatus-related exemplary aspects of the present invention), is configured to cause the computer to carry out the method according to any one of the aforementioned method- related exemplary aspects of the present invention.
Such computer program product may comprise or be embodied as a (tangible) computer-readable (storage) medium or the like on which the computer- executable computer program code is stored, and/or the program may be directly loadable into an internal memory of the computer or a processor thereof.
Advantageous further developments or modifications of the aforementioned exemplary aspects of the present invention are set out in the dependent claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
For a more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, reference is now made to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which :
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating TDD sharing of D2D and cellular system .
Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example for time restriction for D2D due to different connectivity configuration.
Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a scheme to synchronize D2D transmission timing to eNB DL timing.
Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a timing advance procedure for D2D device transmitting discovery signal. Figure 5 is diagram illustrating collision due to macro DL delay.
Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a discovery signal according to an aspect of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an alignment of D2D transmission and the cellular transmission according to an aspect of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating delay information exchange according to an aspect of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating a first example of connectivity time reconfiguration according to an aspect of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating a second example of connectivity time reconfiguration according to an aspect of the present invention.
Figure 11 shows a principle flowchart of an example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 12 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 13 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 14 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 15 shows a principle configuration of an example for a user equipment according to certain embodiments of the present invention. Figure 16 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 17 shows a principle configuration of an example for a base station according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Description of exemplary embodiments
Exemplary aspects of the present invention will be described herein below. More specifically, exemplary aspects of the present are described hereinafter with reference to particular non-limiting examples and to what are presently considered to be conceivable embodiments of the present invention. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is by no means limited to these examples, and may be more broadly applied.
It is to be noted that the following description of the present invention and its embodiments mainly refers to specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and deployments. Namely, the present invention and its embodiments are mainly described in relation to 3GPP specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and deployments. In particular, a LTE/LTE-Advanced communication system is used as a non-limiting example for the applicabiiity of thus described exemplary embodiments. As such, the description of exemplary embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples, and does naturally not limit the invention in any way. Rather, any other network configuration or system deployment, etc. may also be utilized as long as compliant with the features described herein.
Hereinafter, various embodiments and implementations of the present invention and its aspects or embodiments are described using several alternatives. It is generally noted that, according to certain needs and constraints, all of the described alternatives may be provided alone or in any conceivable combination (also including combinations of individual features of the various alternatives). According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in general terms, there are provided mechanisms, measures and means for enabling synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for D2D devices (in/for cellular communication systems).
Thus, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, there is proposed a timing synchronization solution to get the D2D transmission and the macro transmission synchronized. Further, there is proposed a macro connectivity time adjustment procedure to meet the required D2D resource requirement.
For a D2D pair, as to the determination of the timing for D2D transmission, the following is proposed.
According to a first proposal, instead of synchronizing the D2D transmission to the same timing reference based on cellular timing, it is proposed to use D2D pair - specific transmission timing based on device coordination, to guarantee a aligned receive timing.
In order to achieve the above mentioned timing synchronization target of the first proposal, according to a second proposal, a novel timing synchronization procedure is proposed. According to the proposal, some control information is added to the discovery signal.
Further, instead of merely using the discovery sequence to estimate propagation delay, it is proposed to add the sender's timing delay to the macro eNB into the control information block to enable an exchange of the timing delay information of each D2D device (see Fig. 6).
Based on the above design, the TA (timing advance) for D2D transmission is calculated based on three parameters Ts, Tt, and Te (Ts: self delay to eNB, Tt: delay to target device, Te: target device's delay to eNB) rather than using two parameters in the prior art. The TA calculation can be based on the following equation :
TA = Ts + Tt - Te
With the proposed procedure and the TA calculation, it is ensured that the D2D signal arrival timing is aligned with the cellular transmission.
According to a third proposal, for a D2D device, its time for macro connectivity can be adjusted according to the procedure shown in the following, with the assumption that the available subframe for D2D, or connectivity time configuration to macro, can be broadcasted in discovery signal or/and in the response to the discovery signal.
Via detection of control information contained in discovery signal from device A, the device B can know the device A's restriction for D2D communication and restriction for connectivity time to eNB, Then, when some condition is satisfied, the device B will send an indication to eNB for macro connectivity time reconfiguration.
The above mentioned condition to trigger such an indication could be for example :
- the overlapped time for D2D communication is not enough for the D2D communication between device A and B, or,
- the overlapped time for D2D communication is less than a predefined threshold.
The indication can be, for example:
device A's ID (from which eNB can know the connectivity restriction), or,
- device A's macro connectivity time pattern, or
- one suggested connectivity pattern which is selected from a predefined set, or,
- one bit indicating to use device A's connectivity pattern . The indication can be sent after link setup with device A, and the eNB can confirm/configure the new connectivity pattern to device B or both device A and B, e.g., via a single signaling.
According to a fourth proposal, after discovery signal transmission, device A will detect the discovery signal response from other devices where the macro connectivity pattern or available D2D time is included. Then, when some condition is satisfied, the device A will send an indication to eNB to reconfigure the macro connectivity for some devices. The condition to trigger such report can be :
- the overlapped time is not enough for the D2D communication between device A and the potential devices which responded to device A; or,
- the overlapped time for D2D communication is less than a predefined threshold.
The indication can include a device list of those which responded to it, or part of them (from which eNB can know the connectivity restriction), and, may also include one suggested connectivity time pattern for them. Based on that, the eNB can
- confirm that those devices can apply same connectivity pattern as device A, or,
- confirm that those devices can apply the suggested pattern by device A, or,
- configure new connectivity pattern for these devices and signal to device A.
Further, the device sets up a link with device A with the connectivity pattern as signaled by device A.
In the following, some examples are given to illustrate how the above described proposals can be implemented.
Discovery signal design: The delay information exchange and connectivity adjustment can be realized by using the discovery signal . In this way, the control information can be extracted by the D2D device after discovery signal detection. In the example shown in Figure 6, the information of timing delay to the eNB is included in the (TA) part and the information on macro connectivity time is included in (Connectivity) part.
Timing advance procedure :
When a certain D2D device, for example UE3 in Fig. 3, successfully detects the discovery signal and extracts the control information (see Fig. 8), then, its UL transmission, e.g. transmission from UE3 to UE1, is advanced by its own delay to eNB plus the timing delay between two devices minus the timing delay value contained in the control information block, e.g. (T4+T2-T1) in Fig. 3. Then, we can see the resultant timing procedure ensures the alignment of the D2D transmission and the cellular transmission, as shown in Fig. 7. It must be noted that the transmission from UE1 to UE3 follows the same procedure and collision is avoided in UE3 side as well .
Connectivity adjustment procedure:
In a first example, as shown in Figure 9, it is assumed that both device A and device B have macro and D2D operation in the same band. Then, their macro and D2D connections are TD ed. From the eNB side, it is not aware of which UEs will be paired, such that the connectivity time is configured for each UE independently considering their traffic. Then, there can be the case shown in the upper part of Figure 9 that the overlapped time for D2D operation is limited.
In such a case, the device B which detected the discovery signal from device A and gets to know the available time for D2D communication can send indication to eNB, if the available time is not enough, or lower than a threshold. The proposed threshold is to avoid too much signaling to and from eNB. The indication can be sent in the UL connectivity time to eNB, after the link setup with device A. The indication can be device A's ID, device A's connectivity pattern, or a suggested connectivity time pattern to use, or even only 1 bit to teli eNB that it will use device A's connectivity pattern. To save signaling, the suggested connectivity pattern can be selected from a predefined set. After getting the indication, the eNB may adjust the connectivity and send the confirmation to the D2D pair, or to device B only and let device B coordinate with device A.
In a second example as shown in Figure 10, it is assumed that device A has macro operation in band 1 while D2D resource is in band 2, and device A support simultaneous macro and D2D operation in the same subframe, while device B has both macro and D2D resource in same band 2, and macro and D2D has to be TDMed. In this case, no connectivity restriction configured by eNB exists for device A. For device B, in this example, it is assumed in the initial stage, that all its traffic is going though the macro network and that it has been configured to connect to eNB in all subframes except for the time for device discovery.
Then, for device B, the available time for D2D is very limited. In this example, after device discovery, device B detected device A and would like to setup direct D2D link with it. Then, it sends the indication to eNB for connectivity time reconfiguration and waits for confirmation from eNB.
In Figure 10, another implementation according to the second proposal is possible, where device A, which sent the discovery signal, got the response from device B, then found that the available time for device B is limited, then it reports to eNB that device B's connectivity time pattern needs change and it can also suggest a pattern to eNB (it can be selected from predefined pattern set), and after it got eNB confirmation, or eNB reconfiguration of the pattern, device A informs device B and communicates based on the new pattern.
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following advantages can be achieved. For example, it is possible to achieve aligned D2D transmission and macro transmission and to reduce signaling compared to eNB controlled TA adjustment. Further, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide capability of flexible connectivity resource adjustment and conditioned signaling to eNB, which avoids unnecessary signaling overhead. Further, there is no need for all devices to send the indication and no need for the eNB to reconfigure the pattern for all the D2D pairs. Fig. 11 shows a principle flowchart of an example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 1, this method comprises receiving, at a step Sill, a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station, determining, at a step S112, a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station, and calculating, at a step S113, a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station .
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the timing advance is calculated as TA = Ts + Tt - Te, wherein TA is the timing advance, Ts is the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, Tt is the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and Te is the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
Fig. 12 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 12, this method comprises receiving, at a step S121, a discovery signal from another user equipment, and determining, at a step S122, macro connectivity configuration information of the user equipment, inserting, at a step S123, the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and sending, at a step S124, the discovery signal response to the another user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
Fig. 13 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig . 12, this method comprises sending, at a step S131, a discovery signal to another user equipment, receiving, at a step S132, a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the another user
equipment, and if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending, as a step S133, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station. According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
- the method further comprises deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment;
- the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the user equipment and the another user equipment is below a predetermined threshold, wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the user equipment and the another user equipment are configured for device to device communication;
- the indication includes a list of one or more of the another user equipments that sent the discovery signal response;
- the indication includes a suggested connectivity time pattern for the
respective another user equipment;
- the method further comprises setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the user equipment.
Fig. 14 shows a principle flowchart of another example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 14, this method comprises receiving, at a step S141, a discovery signal from another user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the another user equipment, deriving, at a step S142, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment, and, if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending, at a step S143, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to the base station.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the user equipment and the another user equipment is beiow a predetermined threshold, wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the user equipment and the another user equipment are configured for device to device communication;
- the indication is an identification of the another user equipment;
- the indication is a macro connectivity time pattern of the another user equipment;
- the indication is a suggested connectivity pattern which is selected from a predefined set.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the another user equipment.
Fig. 15 shows a principle configuration of another example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention. One option for implementing this example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention would be a component in a handset such as user equipment UE according to LTE.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 15, the example for a user equipment 150 comprises at least one processor 151, at least one memory 152 including computer program code and an interface 153 which are connected by a bus 154 or the like. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform receiving a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station, determining a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station, and calculating a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station. For further functions of the user equipment according to further exemplary embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to the flowcharts shown in Figs. 11 to 14, respectively, and the above description.
Fig. 16 shows a principle flowchart of an example for a method according to certain embodiments of the present invention. That is, as shown in Fig. 16, this method comprises receiving, at a step S161, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and determining, at a step S162, connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises confirming that the user equipment and the one or more another user equipments can apply the same connectivity pattern .
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the indication further includes a suggested connectivity pattern from the user equipment, and the method further comprises confirming that the user equipment or/and the one or more another user equipments can apply the connectivity pattern as suggested by the user equipment.
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises configuring a connectivity pattern for the user equipment and or the one or more another user equipments and signaling the connectivity pattern to the user equipment.
Fig. 17 shows a principle configuration of an example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention. One option for implementing this example for an apparatus according to certain embodiments of the present invention would be a base station according to LTE.
Specifically, as shown in Fig . 17, the example for a base station 170 comprises at [east one processor 171, at least one memory 172 including computer program code and an interface 173 which are connected by a bus 174 or the like. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform receiving an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and determining connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
For further functions of the user equipment according to further exemplary embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to the flowchart shown in Figs. 16 and the above description.
In the foregoing exemplary description of the apparatus, i.e. the user equipment and the base station, only the units that are relevant for understanding the principles of the invention have been described using functional blocks. The apparatus may comprise further units that are necessary for its respective operation as user equipment or base station, respectively. However, a description of these units is omitted in this specification. The arrangement of the functional blocks of the devices is not construed to limit the invention, and the functions may be performed by one block or further split into sub-blocks. Further, the apparatuses, i.e. the user equipment and the base station, may be connected via a link 155/175. The iink 155/175 may be a physical and/or logical coupling, which is implementation-independent (e.g. wired or wireless).
According to exemplarily embodiments of the present invention, a system may comprise any conceivable combination of the thus depicted devices/apparatuses and other network elements, which are configured to cooperate as described above.
In general, it is to be noted that respective functional blocks or elements according to above-described aspects can be implemented by any known means, either in hardware and/or software, respectively, if it is only adapted to perform the described functions of the respective parts. The mentioned method steps can be realized in individual functional blocks or by individual devices, or one or more of the method steps can be realized in a single functional block or by a single device. Generally, any procedural step or functionality is suitable to be implemented as software or by hardware without changing the idea of the present invention. Such software may be software code independent and can be specified using any known or future developed programming language, such as e.g. Java, C++, C, and Assembler, as long as the functionality defined by the method steps is preserved. Such hardware may be hardware type independent and can be implemented using any known or future developed hardware technology or any hybrids of these, such as MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor), CMOS (Complementary MOS), BiMOS (Bipolar MOS), BiCMOS (Bipolar CMOS), ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic), TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), etc., using for example ASIC (Application Specific IC (Integrated Circuit)) components, FPGA (Field-programmable Gate Arrays) components, CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) components or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) components. A device/apparatus may be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, system in package (SIP), or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of a device/apparatus or module, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as software in a (software) module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code portions for execution/being run on a processor. A device may be regarded as a device/apparatus or as an assembly of more than one device/apparatus, whether functionally in cooperation with each other or functionally independently of each other but in a same device housing, for example.
Apparatuses and/or means or parts thereof can be implemented as individual devices, but this does not exclude that they may be implemented in a distributed fashion throughout the system, as long as the functionality of the device is preserved. Such and similar principles are to be considered as known to a skilled person.
Software in the sense of the present description comprises software code as such comprising code means or portions or a computer program or a computer program product for performing the respective functions, as well as software (or a computer program or a computer program product) embodied on a tangible medium such as a computer-readable (storage) medium having stored thereon a respective data structure or code means/portions or embodied in a signal or in a chip, potentially during processing thereof.
The present invention also covers any conceivable combination of method steps and operations described above, and any conceivable combination of nodes, apparatuses, modules or elements described above, as long as the above- described concepts of methodology and structural arrangement are applicable. That is, for example, it is possible to perform the above mentioned timing advance procedure and the connectivity adjustment procedure either individually or in combination.
Even though the present invention and/or exemplary embodiments are described above with reference to the examples according to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that they are not restricted thereto. Rather, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified in many ways without departing from the scope of the inventive idea as disclosed herein.
Abbreviations:
CA Carrier Aggregation
D2D Device to Device
DL Downlink
DRX Discontinuous Reception
GP Guard Period
E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
eNB evolved NodeB
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Muliplex
RF Radio Frequency
Rx Reception
TA Timing Advance TD Timing Delay
TDM Time Division Multiplex
Tx Transmission
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink

Claims

What is Claimed is:
1. A method, comprising :
sending, at a user equipment, a discovery signal to another user
equipment,
receiving, at the user equipment, a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the another user equipment, and
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising
deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the user equipment and the another user equipment is below a predetermined threshold,
wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the user equipment and the another user equipment are configured for device to device communication .
4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein
the indication includes a list of one or more of the another user
equipments that sent the discovery signal response.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the indication includes a
suggested connectivity time pattern for the respective another user equipment.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising
setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the user equipment.
7. A method, comprising :
receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the another user equipment,
deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the another user equipment,
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein
the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the user equipment and the another user equipment is below a predetermined threshold,
wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the user equipment and the another user equipment are configured for device to device communication.
9. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein
the indication is an identification of the another user equipment.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein
the indication is a macro connectivity time pattern of the another user equipment.
11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein
the indication is a suggested connectivity pattern which is selected from a predefined set.
12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, further comprising
setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the another user equipment.
13. A method, comprising :
receiving, at a base station, an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and
determining connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising
confirming that the user equipment and the one or more another user equipments can apply the same connectivity pattern.
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein
the indication further includes a suggested connectivity pattern from the user equipment, further comprising
confirming that the user equipment or/and the one or more another user equipments can apply the connectivity pattern as suggested by the user equipment.
16. The method according to claim 13, further comprising
configuring a connectivity pattern for the user equipment or the one or more another user equipments and signaling the connectivity pattern to the user equipment.
17. A method, comprising :
receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station,
determining, at the user equipment, a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station,
calculating a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the timing advance is calculated as
TA = Ts + Tt - Te
wherein
TA is the timing advance, Ts is the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, Tt is the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and Te is the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
19. A method, comprising :
receiving, at a user equipment, a discovery signal from another user equipment,
determining, at the user equipment, macro connectivity configuration information of the user equipment,,
inserting the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and
sending the discovery signal response to another user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
20. An apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at [east one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
sending a discovery signal to a user equipment;
receiving a discovery signal response which contain the macro connectivity configuration information from the user equipment, and
if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station.
21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the user equipment.
22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the apparatus and the user equipment is below a predetermined threshold,
wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the apparatus and the user equipment are configured for device to device
communication .
23. The apparatus according to claim 20, 21 or 22, wherein
the indication includes a list of one or more of the user equipments that sent the discovery signal response.
24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the indication includes a suggested connectivity time pattern for the respective user equipment.
25. The apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform
setting up a link between the apparatus and the user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the user equipment.
26. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
receiving a discovery signal from a user equipment including macro connectivity time configuration information of the user equipment,
deriving, from the macro connectivity time configuration information, communication restrictions and connectivity restrictions of the user equipment, if a predetermined condition is satisfied, sending an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration to a base station.
27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein
the predetermined condition is that the overlapped time for device to device communication between the apparatus and the user equipment is below a predetermined threshold,
wherein the overlapped time is a time period during which both the apparatus and the user equipment are configured for device to device
communication.
28. The apparatus according to any one of claim 26 to 27, wherein
the indication is an identification of the user equipment.
29. The apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein
the indication is a macro connectivity time pattern of the user equipment.
30. The apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein
the indication is a suggested connectivity pattern which is selected from a predefined set.
31. The apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform
setting up a link between the user equipment and the another user equipment using the connectivity pattern signaled by the another user
equipment.
32. An apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform : receiving an indication for macro connectivity time reconfiguration from a user equipment, the indication including a list of one or more another user equipments, and
determining connectivity restriction of the one or more another user equipments.
33. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform
confirming that the user equipment and the one or more another user equipments can apply the same connectivity pattern.
34. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein
the indication further includes a suggested connectivity pattern from the user equipment, and the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform
confirming that the user equipment or/and the one or more another user equipments can apply the connectivity pattern as suggested by the user equipment.
35. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform
configuring a connectivity pattern for the user equipment or the one or more another user equipments and signaling the connectivity pattern to the user equipment.
36. An apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform : receiving a discovery signal from another user equipment including timing delay information of the another user equipment to a base station,
determining a timing delay to the another user equipment and a timing delay to the base station, and
calculating a timing advance based on the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
37. The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein
the timing advance is calculated as
TA = Ts + Tt - Te
wherein
TA is the timing advance, Ts is the timing delay of the user equipment to the base station, Tt is the timing delay of the user equipment to the another user equipment, and Te is the timing delay of the another user equipment to the base station.
38. An apparatus, comprising :
at least one processor,
and at least one memory including computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform :
receiving a discovery signal from a user equipment,
determining macro connectivity configuration information of the apparatus, inserting the macro connectivity configuration information into a control information block of a discovery signal response, and
sending the discovery signal response to the user equipment which is the transmitter of the discovery signal.
39. A computer program product comprising computer-executable computer program code which, when the program is run on a computer, is configured to cause the computer to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
40. The computer program product according to claim 39, embodied as a computer-readable storage medium.
PCT/CN2012/000059 2012-01-12 2012-01-12 Synchronization and macro connectivity reconfiguration for d2d devices WO2013104084A1 (en)

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