WO2013102773A1 - Wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system - Google Patents

Wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013102773A1
WO2013102773A1 PCT/HU2013/000001 HU2013000001W WO2013102773A1 WO 2013102773 A1 WO2013102773 A1 WO 2013102773A1 HU 2013000001 W HU2013000001 W HU 2013000001W WO 2013102773 A1 WO2013102773 A1 WO 2013102773A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
transformation device
energy transformation
support
module unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2013/000001
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gábor Havas
Eszter HAVAS
Original Assignee
Havas Gabor
Havas Eszter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Havas Gabor, Havas Eszter filed Critical Havas Gabor
Publication of WO2013102773A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013102773A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F03D3/0436—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor
    • F03D3/0445—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor the shield being fixed with respect to the wind motor
    • F03D3/0463—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor the shield being fixed with respect to the wind motor with converging inlets, i.e. the shield intercepting an area greater than the effective rotor area
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/12—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C2/126—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with radially from the rotor body extending elements, not necessarily co-operating with corresponding recesses in the other rotor, e.g. lobes, Roots type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05B2240/124—Cascades, i.e. assemblies of similar profiles acting in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/133—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines with a convergent-divergent guiding structure, e.g. a Venturi conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/02—Geometry variable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention relates to a wind energy transformation device with a multicircuit acceleration system, which has a module unit, a shell housing with an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture located in the module unit, an essentially vertical rotating axle fitted in the shel l housing, and blades fixed to the rotating axle, and the rotating axle is connected to one or more generators.
  • patent specification registration number US 5.126.584 discloses the open or semi-open turbine housing solutions belonging to the state of the art.
  • patent specification registration number US 6.036.443 While patent specification registration number FR 2.600.1 1 8 relates to a wind energy exploiting device with a vertical axle, patent specification registration number US 6.036.443 relates to a wind turbine with a unique blade system.
  • Our objective with the solution according to the invention was to overcome the deficiencies of the known versions and to create a wind energy transformation device that is able to adapt to the environment conditions even in the case of large wind speed fluctuation and wind speed bandwidth and produce electric energy irrespective of the speed and direction of the awakening wind, using it and controlling it in a way more favourable than the known solutions with a better degree of efficiency and more evenly.
  • the basic idea leading to the solution according the invention was that if we lead the environmental wind shell housing surrounding an essentially vertical axle turbine known in itself through uniquely established structural elements so that when reaching the turbine blades it is in the most favourable speed range from the point of view of the production of electric energy, then essentially even energy production can be achieved with a favourable degree of energy transformation efficiency.
  • the recognition belonging to the basic idea was that the natural wind speed value of the wind arriving from the environment must be increased by at least three times, or even by as much as sixteen times, when entering the energy transformation device, and the air-flow accelerated to the greater speed level achieved in this way must be maintained within appropriate limits, and if necessary this increased air-flow must be efficiently and significantly restricted so that it is unable to exert a damaging effect on the turbine blades.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that if first of all we lead the environmental wind through an uniquely constructed accelerator and then we lead the higher- speed air-flow emitted from there through a pressure-regulating structure operating as a novel damage-limiting circuit and release the air emitted from there flowing at a speed in a regulated speed range through a wind-speed accelerator with a variable input capacity that differs from what is usual onto the blades of the rotating axle, then the air mass arriving at the blades is at a speed and with a flow volume that are well controlled and are essential ly in the optimal range from the point of view of electricity production, and so energy production can be performed within the desired limits, i.e. the task becomes solvable.
  • the wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system which has a module unit, a shell housing with an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture located in the module unit, an essential ly vertical rotating axle fitted in the shell housing, and blades fixed to the rotating axle, and the rotating axle is connected to one or more generators - is set up in such a way that the multi-circuit accelerator system has an adaptive wind speed increasing unit, pressure-control structures and wind accelerating channels, where the adaptive wind speed increasing unit is located in the vicinity of the shell housing inlet aperture, opening into the inlet aperture, the adaptive wind speed increasing unit has one or more first supports and/or one or more other supports, and the first support and the other support is fitted with a deflector wing with a variable size of surface area, furthermore, the wind accelerating channels are arranged on the external side of the module unit facing the external environment, along the external side, where the wind accelerating channels have a cross-sectional size monotonously reducing in the direction of the shell housing, and the
  • a further feature of the wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be that a standing axle runs coaxially through the inside of the rotating axle, where the rotating axle is connected to the standing axle so that it may rotate around the standing axle, and the standing axle is firmly fixed to the module unit.
  • the standing axle is connected to a support bracket, and the support bracket is supported on the module unit.
  • the wind accelerating channels are arranged in a ring-like way, in a radial direction in the module unit, furthermore, the pressure control structures are located in the module unit in a ring-like way, in a radial direction complying with the wind accelerating channels.
  • the deflector wing of the first support and/or of the other support is formed by a wing structure with a variable surface put together from members that may be slipped into one another, or the deflector wing of the first support and/or of the other support is a wing that consists of a continuous but foldable material that may be rolled up and pulled out or in a given case the deflector wing of the first support and/or of the other support is formed by an arranged group of rotatable plates l ined up next to one another.
  • the pressure control structure has a separating piece that tilts on the effect of wind pressure.
  • the wind energy transformation device according to the invention has numerous advantageous characteristics. The most important of these is that due to the multi-circuit accelerating and wind speed regulation units the wind energy transformation device according to the invention is much less sensitive to the direction and speed of the environmental wind than the known constructions and so even in wind conditions that quickly vary between wide speed limits it is suitable for producing electric energy efficiently and evenly.
  • the wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be effectively operated even in continental climate regions lacking in wind.
  • a further advantage deriving from the simple construction is reliable operation.
  • the pressure control structure forming the damaging-limiting circuit which is an important part of the invention, due to the automatic, mechanical operation of the overload- regulating damage-limiting circuit, in practice it only demands periodical monitoring and checking, and on the basis of the electricity production data the device may be continuously and remotely monitored.
  • Another advantage is that due to the multi-circuit acceleration system the wind energy transformation device does not suffer damage even in the case of significant gusts or hurricane-force wind.
  • Figure 1 shows a possible version of the module unit of the wind energy transformation device in side view, in partial cross-section
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the shell housing of the wind energy transformation device and its environment
  • Figure 2 shows an illustrative view of the shell housing of the wind energy transformation device and its environment
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional top view of a possible structure of the module unit of the wind energy transformation device.
  • module unit 14 of the wind energy transformation device includes the wind accelerating channels 7, the pressure control structures 8, and the shell housing 4 partially surrounding the rotating axle 2 fitted with blades 3, to which the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 is fitted.
  • the wind accelerating channels 7 forming the external circuit are located evenly distributed along the external side 14a of the module unit 14, favourably in a radial direction in a ring.
  • the task of the wind accelerating channels 7 is to accelerate the air flow arriving at the module unit 14 from the external environment, i .e. the wind, to a greater speed, with the application of the statements contained in the Bernoulli law.
  • the wind energy transformation device As in order for the wind energy transformation device to be able to suitably operate under low wind speed conditions it must accelerate the wind with the help of a speed multiplier, and so the increased speed wind carrying a higher amount of energy must be directed to the blades 3 of the rotating axle 2.
  • the wind accelerating channel 7 which is well illustrated in figure 1 , is a channel with a monotonously reducing cross-section towards the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channel 7, in the direction of the shell housing 4.
  • the shape of the wind accelerating channel 7 determines the extent to which the speed arriving at the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channel 7 increases - due to the reduction of cross-section.
  • the ' 'damage-l imiting circuit may be viewed as the second circuit of the several circuits, which, as the continuation of the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channels 7, is formed by a set of pressure control structures 8 practically established as evenly arranged channels also in the radial direction.
  • the set of pressure control structures 8 forming the damage-limiting circuit serves to overcome this undesired effect, which is practical ly inserted between the enhancing circuit consisting of the wind accelerating channels 7 and the internal circuit, i.e. the shell housing 4.
  • the pressure control structures 8 of the damage-limiting circuit open automatically, without any electronic control, when the real wind speed reaches a given value and create decompression inside the pressure control structure 8, in the vicinity of the internal end 8a of the pressure control structure 8, so reducing the actual speed of the wind flowing from the external circuit, i.e. the wind accelerating channel 7 into the internal circuit, i.e. into the shell housing.
  • the fine regulation of the internal circuit together with the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 is able to maintain the wind regulated in this way, even with a significantly reduced speed, between the desired values, in other words optimally operating the blades 3 of the rotating axle 2 and, via this, the one or more generators 1 1 connected to the rotating axle 2.
  • a regulatory element of the pressure control structure 8 is the separating piece 8b, which is a plate penetrating into the internal space of the pressure control structure 8, and with the help of this by opening the pressure control structure 8 the speed and volume flow of the air flow passing through the pressure control structure 8 can also be reduced.
  • the internal circuit is formed by the shell housing 4 located in the space part surrounded by the internal end 8a of the pressure control structure 8 and by the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 fitted to the shell housing 4. Because for suitable operation in any possible extreme conditions it is practical if the rotating series of blades consisting of blades 3 is place in a suitably shaped, even slightly conical body of rotation.
  • the generators 1 1 and the related drive unit are located in the base element 5 of the shel l housing 4, between the central support element 13 and the base element 5, whi le the inlet aperture 20 and the outlet aperture 21 reflected to the rotating axle 2 may be found along the length of the shell housing 4, favourably cut out in the vertical direction.
  • the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 is located around the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4, while the guide elements 22 maybe found in the vicinity of the outlet aperture 21 of the shell housing 4, which serve to periodically guide the air flowing out of the shell housing 4. Beside the base element 5 and the central support element 13, the shell housing 4 is also fitted with a roof element 9.
  • the roof element 9 carries the wind speed and wind direction measuring equipment 19, the electronics of which, which play a part in the orientation of the shell housing 4 and, in a given case, in the operation of the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6, provide suitable information about the direction and speed of the wind.
  • the generators 1 1 may be connected to the clutch 10 belonging to the rotating axle 2 - favourably with the insertion of the drive structure - as a pair, on opposite sides, or with three of them evenly distributed. In this way a more even load is exerted onto the rotating axle 2 and onto the structural elements performing rotational movement.
  • FIG 1 also well illustrates that the standing axle 1 passes through the inside of the rotating axle 2 within the shell housing 4 of the module unit 14, and in this way supports the rotating axle 2 via bearings, and this gains its movement energy via the series of blades 3 rotating with it from the power of the wind flowing through the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4.
  • FIG. 1 the shell housing 4 located inside the wind energy transformation device and its environment can be observed. It can be seen that one or more, in this case, ribbon-l ike blades 3 are located along the rotating axle 2, fixed to the rotating axle 2.
  • the roof element 9 sealing off the top of the shell housing 4 is located at the upper end of the rotating axle 2, with the wind speed and wind direction measurement equipment 19 on it, which, in the case of varying wind direction, orients the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4 and regulates the size of the surface of the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6.
  • the stator of the generator 1 1 not shown on the drawings is connected to the base element 5 located at the bottom of the rotating axle 2, while the rotor is connected to the rotating axle 2.
  • the standing axle 1 extending past the base element 5, also including a bearing housing located at the base of the shell housing 4, and past the roof element 6 also including a bearing housing, is able to ensure the static stability of the rotating axle through being fixed to the superstructure part of the module unit 14 of the wind energy transformation device.
  • there a support 15 at the side of the outlet opening 21 of the shell housing 4 diagonally opposite the central line of the inlet angle of the inlet opening 20 keeps the shell housing 4 and the rotating axle 2 statically stable even when rotating to the wind direction, as the support 15 is connected to the central support element 1 3 of the rotating shell housing 4 and to the roof element 9.
  • the aforementioned horizontally positioned central support element 1 3 containing a bearing housing and the connected shell housing 4 is able, with the roof element 9, to rotate to the given wind direction in such a way that the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 so that it turns to the direction arriving from the direction of the wind accelerating channel 7.
  • the movement to the wind direction is controlled by the aforementioned electronic controller on the basis of the information received from the wind speed and wind direction measurement equipment 1 9.
  • the adaptive wind speed increasing unit in this embodiment consists of two parallel positioned first supports 16 arranged as a vertical axle and one other support 17 arranged as a horizontal axle, where the first supports 16 and the other support 17 are fitted with deflector wings 18, the size of which may be regulated.
  • the deflector wings 1 8 may be woven from a single piece of flexible textile as sail surfaces that can be rolled up to the first support 1 6 and to the other support 17, or they may be rigid sail structures made from plates that are connected to each other and slid into one another and pulled out from one another telescopically, or even lamellas that are able to turn around an axis.
  • the theoretical performance is above 50%, i.e. in the case of a wind energy transformation device operating at a raised level, with the help of the opening and closing of the deflector wings 18, against the energy of the wind, located on the first supports 16 and on the second support 17 of the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 16 the variable sized wind-trapping surfaces make large scale third-circuit regulation possible.
  • the amount of the trapped volume flow of the wind i .e. the amount of transported energy only has to be reduced with the opening or closing of the deflector wings 1 8 if absolutely necessary.
  • Figure 2 shows the real and desired state of the vertical first supports 16 of the wind speed increasing unit 16 connected to the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4, as wel l as the outlet aperture 21 of the shell housing 4 established on the opposite side to the location of the inlet aperture 20, and the guide elements 22 that surround it.
  • the shell housing 4 In order to moderate unexpected load on the shell housing 4 the shell housing 4, or even the base element 5 in a given case, also has decompression valves 12 in the interest of the air never exceeding the undesired compression value while flowing among the blades 3.
  • the axle fixing of the blades 3 with varying shape and profile running in parallel with the rotating axle 2 make it possible during the pushing pressure for a part of the flowing air to be led to the other, rear side of the blade 3.
  • the speed of the wind entering the pressure control structure 8 is too great to pass on energy to the blades 3 arranged in the shell housing 4 without causing damage, then due to the size of the force exerted on the dimensioned separating piece 8b penetrating into the flow channel in the pressure control structure 8 the separating pieces 8b open and divert a part of the wind arriving into the pressure control structure 8 from there, so reducing the speed of the wind to under the permitted value.
  • wind of the desired speed reaches the internal end 8a of the pressure control structure 8 and from there flows from the space part encompassed by the deflector wings 1 8 carried by the first supports 16 and other support 17 of the adaptive wind speed accelerating unit 1 6 fixed to the shell housing 4 and that are opened to the given extent into the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing, where after this it drives the rotting axle 2 with the help of the blades 3.
  • the rotating axle 2 rotates the given part of the generator 1 1 and so creates electricity, which, following this, in a known way can be fed into the electricity network or stored with the help of batteries.
  • the wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be used to good effect in all locations where electricity needs to be produced with a small cost investment and safety, among wind conditions that significantly and suddenly vary.

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system which has a module unit (14), a shell housing (4) with an in let aperture (20) and an outlet aperture (21) located in the module unit (14), an essentially vertical rotating axle (2) fitted in the shell housing (4), and blades (3) fixed to the rotating axle (2), and the rotating axle (2) is connected to one or more generators (11). The characteristic feature of the invention is that the multi-circuit accelerator system has an adaptive wind speed increasing unit (6), pressure-control structures (8) and wind accelerating channels (7), where the adaptive wind speed increasing unit (6) is located in the vicinity of the shell housing (4) inlet aperture (20), opening into the inlet aperture (20), the adaptive wind speed increasing unit (6) has one or more first supports (16) and/or one or more other supports (17), and the first support (16) and the other support (17) is fitted with a deflector wing (18) with a variable size of surface area, furthermore, the wind accelerating channels (7) are arranged on the external side (14a) of the module unit (14) facing the external environment, along the external side (14a), where the wind accelerating channels (7) have a cross-sectional size monotonously reducing in the direction of the shell housing (4), and the pressure-control structures (8) are located in the vicinity of the internal end (7a) of the wind accelerating channels (7) opposite the external side (14a), and the internal end (8a) of the pressure control structures (8) opposite the external side (14a) of the module unit (14) facing the external environment is directed towards the shell housing (4).

Description

Wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system
The subject of the invention relates to a wind energy transformation device with a multicircuit acceleration system, which has a module unit, a shell housing with an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture located in the module unit, an essentially vertical rotating axle fitted in the shel l housing, and blades fixed to the rotating axle, and the rotating axle is connected to one or more generators.
The majority of the currently distributed and, therefore, known wind energy transformation devices and wind turbines with either horizontally or vertically positioned axle operate exploiting the possibilities provided by the actual wind conditions developing in the immediate vicinity of the device at any given moment. Therefore, their disadvantage deriving from this is that they do not exploit the Bernoulli effect to increase the wind power created by nature.
The open or semi-open turbine housing solutions belonging to the state of the art are presented by, among others, patent specification registration number US 5.126.584, and patent specification registration number US 6.036.443. While patent specification registration number FR 2.600.1 1 8 relates to a wind energy exploiting device with a vertical axle, patent specification registration number US 6.036.443 relates to a wind turbine with a unique blade system.
The solution presented in patent specification number HU P 07 00369 has a structural construction differing from this, which uses the so-called Banki-type turbine arrangement, as a result of which it is able to get wind to the turbine blade with a continuous speed value without the housing being rotated.
The solution presented in patent application number HU P 08 00069 presents a wind energy exploitation device the shell housing of which operates in unison with deflector wings, furthermore, it has electronic elements providing the appropriate control, and along the edge of the shell housing there is a leakage band created as a diffuser. However, the general deficiency of the known solutions is that they do not use the possibilities deriving from the laws of physics in order to optimally exploit the varying wind speed occurring in their environment. The problem is that in numerous geographical areas, so in Hungary too, the wind conditions are characterised by fast and extensive wind speed fluctuations, beside which in many places the wind has a low intensity anyway, and even strong wind only occurs in gusts and periodically remaining at an extent so that it can be used for the production of electric energy.
Our objective with the solution according to the invention was to overcome the deficiencies of the known versions and to create a wind energy transformation device that is able to adapt to the environment conditions even in the case of large wind speed fluctuation and wind speed bandwidth and produce electric energy irrespective of the speed and direction of the awakening wind, using it and controlling it in a way more favourable than the known solutions with a better degree of efficiency and more evenly.
The basic idea leading to the solution according the invention was that if we lead the environmental wind shell housing surrounding an essentially vertical axle turbine known in itself through uniquely established structural elements so that when reaching the turbine blades it is in the most favourable speed range from the point of view of the production of electric energy, then essentially even energy production can be achieved with a favourable degree of energy transformation efficiency. The recognition belonging to the basic idea was that the natural wind speed value of the wind arriving from the environment must be increased by at least three times, or even by as much as sixteen times, when entering the energy transformation device, and the air-flow accelerated to the greater speed level achieved in this way must be maintained within appropriate limits, and if necessary this increased air-flow must be efficiently and significantly restricted so that it is unable to exert a damaging effect on the turbine blades. This means that the increased speed wind cannot be only and exclusively used, or its precisely damaging level of energy must be deflected, but even still as compared to the possibilities provided by the device the speed of the wind must be maintained at a level close to the theoretical performance - limit. These requirements may only be realised with a multi regulatory circuit system. Therefore, the invention is based on the recognition that if first of all we lead the environmental wind through an uniquely constructed accelerator and then we lead the higher- speed air-flow emitted from there through a pressure-regulating structure operating as a novel damage-limiting circuit and release the air emitted from there flowing at a speed in a regulated speed range through a wind-speed accelerator with a variable input capacity that differs from what is usual onto the blades of the rotating axle, then the air mass arriving at the blades is at a speed and with a flow volume that are well controlled and are essential ly in the optimal range from the point of view of electricity production, and so energy production can be performed within the desired limits, i.e. the task becomes solvable.
In accordance with the set aim the wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system according to the invention - which has a module unit, a shell housing with an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture located in the module unit, an essential ly vertical rotating axle fitted in the shell housing, and blades fixed to the rotating axle, and the rotating axle is connected to one or more generators - is set up in such a way that the multi-circuit accelerator system has an adaptive wind speed increasing unit, pressure-control structures and wind accelerating channels, where the adaptive wind speed increasing unit is located in the vicinity of the shell housing inlet aperture, opening into the inlet aperture, the adaptive wind speed increasing unit has one or more first supports and/or one or more other supports, and the first support and the other support is fitted with a deflector wing with a variable size of surface area, furthermore, the wind accelerating channels are arranged on the external side of the module unit facing the external environment, along the external side, where the wind accelerating channels have a cross-sectional size monotonously reducing in the direction of the shell housing, and the pressure-control structures are located in the vicinity of the internal end of the wind accelerating channels opposite the external side, and the internal end of the pressure control structures opposite the external side of the module unit facing the external environment is directed towards the shell housing.
A further feature of the wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be that a standing axle runs coaxially through the inside of the rotating axle, where the rotating axle is connected to the standing axle so that it may rotate around the standing axle, and the standing axle is firmly fixed to the module unit.
In another version of the wind energy transformation device the standing axle is connected to a support bracket, and the support bracket is supported on the module unit.
From the point of view of the wind energy transformation device it may be favourable that the wind accelerating channels are arranged in a ring-like way, in a radial direction in the module unit, furthermore, the pressure control structures are located in the module unit in a ring-like way, in a radial direction complying with the wind accelerating channels.
In the case of another different embodiment of the invention the deflector wing of the first support and/or of the other support is formed by a wing structure with a variable surface put together from members that may be slipped into one another, or the deflector wing of the first support and/or of the other support is a wing that consists of a continuous but foldable material that may be rolled up and pulled out or in a given case the deflector wing of the first support and/or of the other support is formed by an arranged group of rotatable plates l ined up next to one another.
In the case of a further embodiment of the wind energy transformation device there is a clutch inserted between the rotating axle and the generator.
In the case of another, different structural form of the invention the pressure control structure has a separating piece that tilts on the effect of wind pressure.
The wind energy transformation device according to the invention has numerous advantageous characteristics. The most important of these is that due to the multi-circuit accelerating and wind speed regulation units the wind energy transformation device according to the invention is much less sensitive to the direction and speed of the environmental wind than the known constructions and so even in wind conditions that quickly vary between wide speed limits it is suitable for producing electric energy efficiently and evenly.
Due to the multi-circuit acceleration system the wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be effectively operated even in continental climate regions lacking in wind.
It is also an advantage that it has a simple structure, so it may be manufactured easily and with favourable cost investments, and may be simply and quickly installed.
A further advantage deriving from the simple construction is reliable operation. As a consequence of the pressure control structure forming the damaging-limiting circuit, which is an important part of the invention, due to the automatic, mechanical operation of the overload- regulating damage-limiting circuit, in practice it only demands periodical monitoring and checking, and on the basis of the electricity production data the device may be continuously and remotely monitored.
Another advantage is that due to the multi-circuit acceleration system the wind energy transformation device does not suffer damage even in the case of significant gusts or hurricane-force wind.
Another thing that may be mentioned among the advantages is that due to the simple structure, installation and operation it may be applied to good effect for local electric networks, to satisfy local energy demand, and, therefore, may be used extensively, as in the I - 10 KWh performance range even on a weekly average it is almost able to produce electric energy continuously.
Below we present the wind energy transformation device according to the invention in more detail on the basis of construction examples and drawings. On the drawings
Figure 1 shows a possible version of the module unit of the wind energy transformation device in side view, in partial cross-section,
Figure 2 shows a top view of the shell housing of the wind energy transformation device and its environment,
Figure 2 shows an illustrative view of the shell housing of the wind energy transformation device and its environment,
Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional top view of a possible structure of the module unit of the wind energy transformation device. Before presenting the figures in detail in general it must be said that adapting to the environmental features the wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be set up so that it performance may be greatly enhanced with the multi-circuit acceleration system, however, in strong wind the otherwise peaking performance may be reduced and in this way the average performance may be restricted between the limit values according to the expected requirements, even in the case of extreme-level gusts of wind.
Moving to figures 1 and 4 on them a module unit 14 of the wind energy transformation device according to the invention can be seen. It can be observed that the module unit 14 includes the wind accelerating channels 7, the pressure control structures 8, and the shell housing 4 partially surrounding the rotating axle 2 fitted with blades 3, to which the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 is fitted.
Of the several circuits, the wind accelerating channels 7 forming the external circuit are located evenly distributed along the external side 14a of the module unit 14, favourably in a radial direction in a ring. The task of the wind accelerating channels 7 is to accelerate the air flow arriving at the module unit 14 from the external environment, i .e. the wind, to a greater speed, with the application of the statements contained in the Bernoulli law. As in order for the wind energy transformation device to be able to suitably operate under low wind speed conditions it must accelerate the wind with the help of a speed multiplier, and so the increased speed wind carrying a higher amount of energy must be directed to the blades 3 of the rotating axle 2. In low wind speed ranges it is only possible to transmit sufficient energy with the system via significant wind speed accelerating elements and guides. Naturally, where strong wind may be permanently or frequently counted on, there it is not necessary to install high- value speed enhancing wind accelerating channels 7 in the module unit 14. Otherwise, the wind accelerating channel 7, which is well illustrated in figure 1 , is a channel with a monotonously reducing cross-section towards the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channel 7, in the direction of the shell housing 4. The shape of the wind accelerating channel 7 determines the extent to which the speed arriving at the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channel 7 increases - due to the reduction of cross-section.
The ''damage-l imiting circuit" may be viewed as the second circuit of the several circuits, which, as the continuation of the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channels 7, is formed by a set of pressure control structures 8 practically established as evenly arranged channels also in the radial direction. As in the case of quickly changing and suddenly strengthening wind the wind getting to the blades 3 of the rotating axle 2 - which may occur at the internal end 7a of the wind accelerating channels 7 because of the acceleration of the speed of the environmental wind - may lead to the over-rotation of the rotating axle 2, and in a worse case this may damage the structural elements. The set of pressure control structures 8 forming the damage-limiting circuit serves to overcome this undesired effect, which is practical ly inserted between the enhancing circuit consisting of the wind accelerating channels 7 and the internal circuit, i.e. the shell housing 4.
The pressure control structures 8 of the damage-limiting circuit open automatically, without any electronic control, when the real wind speed reaches a given value and create decompression inside the pressure control structure 8, in the vicinity of the internal end 8a of the pressure control structure 8, so reducing the actual speed of the wind flowing from the external circuit, i.e. the wind accelerating channel 7 into the internal circuit, i.e. into the shell housing. Now, the fine regulation of the internal circuit together with the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 is able to maintain the wind regulated in this way, even with a significantly reduced speed, between the desired values, in other words optimally operating the blades 3 of the rotating axle 2 and, via this, the one or more generators 1 1 connected to the rotating axle 2. In a given case a regulatory element of the pressure control structure 8 is the separating piece 8b, which is a plate penetrating into the internal space of the pressure control structure 8, and with the help of this by opening the pressure control structure 8 the speed and volume flow of the air flow passing through the pressure control structure 8 can also be reduced.
The internal circuit, as is shown on figures 1 and 2, is formed by the shell housing 4 located in the space part surrounded by the internal end 8a of the pressure control structure 8 and by the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 fitted to the shell housing 4. Because for suitable operation in any possible extreme conditions it is practical if the rotating series of blades consisting of blades 3 is place in a suitably shaped, even slightly conical body of rotation.
The generators 1 1 and the related drive unit are located in the base element 5 of the shel l housing 4, between the central support element 13 and the base element 5, whi le the inlet aperture 20 and the outlet aperture 21 reflected to the rotating axle 2 may be found along the length of the shell housing 4, favourably cut out in the vertical direction. The adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 is located around the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4, while the guide elements 22 maybe found in the vicinity of the outlet aperture 21 of the shell housing 4, which serve to periodically guide the air flowing out of the shell housing 4. Beside the base element 5 and the central support element 13, the shell housing 4 is also fitted with a roof element 9. The roof element 9 carries the wind speed and wind direction measuring equipment 19, the electronics of which, which play a part in the orientation of the shell housing 4 and, in a given case, in the operation of the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6, provide suitable information about the direction and speed of the wind.
Here we must note that the generators 1 1 may be connected to the clutch 10 belonging to the rotating axle 2 - favourably with the insertion of the drive structure - as a pair, on opposite sides, or with three of them evenly distributed. In this way a more even load is exerted onto the rotating axle 2 and onto the structural elements performing rotational movement.
Figure 1 also well illustrates that the standing axle 1 passes through the inside of the rotating axle 2 within the shell housing 4 of the module unit 14, and in this way supports the rotating axle 2 via bearings, and this gains its movement energy via the series of blades 3 rotating with it from the power of the wind flowing through the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4.
Moving now to figures 2 and 3, on them the shell housing 4 located inside the wind energy transformation device and its environment can be observed. It can be seen that one or more, in this case, ribbon-l ike blades 3 are located along the rotating axle 2, fixed to the rotating axle 2. The roof element 9 sealing off the top of the shell housing 4 is located at the upper end of the rotating axle 2, with the wind speed and wind direction measurement equipment 19 on it, which, in the case of varying wind direction, orients the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4 and regulates the size of the surface of the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6. The stator of the generator 1 1 , not shown on the drawings is connected to the base element 5 located at the bottom of the rotating axle 2, while the rotor is connected to the rotating axle 2. The standing axle 1 , extending past the base element 5, also including a bearing housing located at the base of the shell housing 4, and past the roof element 6 also including a bearing housing, is able to ensure the static stability of the rotating axle through being fixed to the superstructure part of the module unit 14 of the wind energy transformation device. Where the upper fixing of the inner standing axle 1 cannot be solved, there a support 15 at the side of the outlet opening 21 of the shell housing 4 diagonally opposite the central line of the inlet angle of the inlet opening 20 keeps the shell housing 4 and the rotating axle 2 statically stable even when rotating to the wind direction, as the support 15 is connected to the central support element 1 3 of the rotating shell housing 4 and to the roof element 9.
The aforementioned horizontally positioned central support element 1 3 containing a bearing housing and the connected shell housing 4 is able, with the roof element 9, to rotate to the given wind direction in such a way that the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6 so that it turns to the direction arriving from the direction of the wind accelerating channel 7. The movement to the wind direction is controlled by the aforementioned electronic controller on the basis of the information received from the wind speed and wind direction measurement equipment 1 9.
The adaptive wind speed increasing unit in this embodiment, as illustrated by figure 3, consists of two parallel positioned first supports 16 arranged as a vertical axle and one other support 17 arranged as a horizontal axle, where the first supports 16 and the other support 17 are fitted with deflector wings 18, the size of which may be regulated. The deflector wings 1 8 may be woven from a single piece of flexible textile as sail surfaces that can be rolled up to the first support 1 6 and to the other support 17, or they may be rigid sail structures made from plates that are connected to each other and slid into one another and pulled out from one another telescopically, or even lamellas that are able to turn around an axis. The adaptive wind speed increasing unit 6, with the help of the deflector wing 1 8 with a sail surface that has a different direction angle as compared to the aperture angle of the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4 and has a variable sail surface size, creates the possibility, even under the varying wind conditions according to the local characteristics, that nearly always the same speed and volume flow of air passes through the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4, and in this way the renewable energy amount carried by the wind gets to the blades 3.
The theoretical performance is above 50%, i.e. in the case of a wind energy transformation device operating at a raised level, with the help of the opening and closing of the deflector wings 18, against the energy of the wind, located on the first supports 16 and on the second support 17 of the adaptive wind speed increasing unit 16 the variable sized wind-trapping surfaces make large scale third-circuit regulation possible. The amount of the trapped volume flow of the wind, i .e. the amount of transported energy only has to be reduced with the opening or closing of the deflector wings 1 8 if absolutely necessary.
Figure 2 shows the real and desired state of the vertical first supports 16 of the wind speed increasing unit 16 connected to the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing 4, as wel l as the outlet aperture 21 of the shell housing 4 established on the opposite side to the location of the inlet aperture 20, and the guide elements 22 that surround it.
In order to moderate unexpected load on the shell housing 4 the shell housing 4, or even the base element 5 in a given case, also has decompression valves 12 in the interest of the air never exceeding the undesired compression value while flowing among the blades 3. The axle fixing of the blades 3 with varying shape and profile running in parallel with the rotating axle 2 make it possible during the pushing pressure for a part of the flowing air to be led to the other, rear side of the blade 3.
With the previously described, automatic regulation installed in several circuits the energy level can be finely, continuously and smoothly reduced or increased even between narrow limit values, and in this way wind that is too fast exerts a smaller load on the system. Here we must remark that in continental areas wind that is faster that 30 m/s is very rare, and in this case by turning the inlet opening 20 of the shell housing 4 sufficient decompression may be achieved to protect against undesired effects.
When the wind energy transformation device according to the invention is operating the wind entering the wind accelerating channel 7 on the external side 14a of the module unit, as a consequence of the narrowing cross-section of the wind accelerating channel 7, accelerates to a given extent on the basis of the stipulations of the Bernoulli law, and so reaches the pressure control structure 8 at an increased speed.
If the speed of the wind entering the pressure control structure 8 is too great to pass on energy to the blades 3 arranged in the shell housing 4 without causing damage, then due to the size of the force exerted on the dimensioned separating piece 8b penetrating into the flow channel in the pressure control structure 8 the separating pieces 8b open and divert a part of the wind arriving into the pressure control structure 8 from there, so reducing the speed of the wind to under the permitted value.
In this way wind of the desired speed reaches the internal end 8a of the pressure control structure 8 and from there flows from the space part encompassed by the deflector wings 1 8 carried by the first supports 16 and other support 17 of the adaptive wind speed accelerating unit 1 6 fixed to the shell housing 4 and that are opened to the given extent into the inlet aperture 20 of the shell housing, where after this it drives the rotting axle 2 with the help of the blades 3. Via the clutch 10 the rotating axle 2 rotates the given part of the generator 1 1 and so creates electricity, which, following this, in a known way can be fed into the electricity network or stored with the help of batteries.
The wind energy transformation device according to the invention may be used to good effect in all locations where electricity needs to be produced with a small cost investment and safety, among wind conditions that significantly and suddenly vary.
List of references
stand ing axle
rotating axle
blade
shel l housing
base element
adaptive wind speed increasing unit
wind accelerati ng channel 7a internal end pressure control structure 8a internal end
8b separating piece roof element
0 clutch
1 generator
2 valve
3 central support element
4 module unit 14a external side5 support
6 first support
7 other support
8 deflector wing
9 wind speed and wind direction measuring equipment
0 inlet aperture
1 outlet aperture
2 guide element

Claims

1 . Wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system which has a module unit ( 14), a shel l housing (4) with an inlet aperture (20) and an outlet aperture (2 1 ) located in the module unit (14), an essentially vertical rotating axle (2) fitted in the shell housing (4), and blades (3) fixed to the rotating axle (2), and the rotating axle (2) is connected to one or more generators ( 1 1 ), characterised by that the multi-circuit accelerator system has an adaptive wind speed increasing unit (6), pressure-control structures (8) and wind accelerating channels (7), where the adaptive wind speed increasing unit (6) is located in the vicinity of the shell housing (4) inlet aperture (20), opening into the inlet aperture (20), the adaptive wind speed increasing unit (6) has one or more first supports ( 1 6) and/or one or more other supports ( 1 7), and the first support ( 16) and the other support ( 1 7) is fitted with a deflector wing ( 1 8) with a variable size of surface area, furthermore, the wind accelerating channels (7) are arranged on the external side (14a) of the module unit ( 14) facing the external environment, along the external side (14a), where the wind accelerating channels (7) have a cross-sectional size monotonously reducing in the direction of the shell housing (4), and the pressure-control structures (8) are located in the vicinity of the internal end (7a) of the wind accelerating channels (7) opposite the external side ( 14a), and the internal end (8a) of the pressure control structures (8) opposite the external side ( 14a) of the module unit ( 1 4) facing the external environment is directed towards the shell housing (4).
2. The wind energy transformation device according to claim 1 , characterised by that a standing axle ( 1 ) runs coaxially through the inside of the rotating axle (2), where the rotating axle (2) is connected to the standing axle ( 1 ) so that it may rotate around the standing axle ( 1 ), and the standing axle ( 1 ) is firmly fixed to the module unit (14).
3. The wind energy transformation device according to claim 2, characterised by that the standing axle ( 1 ) is connected to a support bracket (15), and the support bracket ( 1 5) is supported on the module unit ( 14).
4. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -3, characterised by that the wind accelerating channels (7) are arranged in a ring-like way, in a radial direction in the module unit ( 14).
5. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -4, characterised by that the pressure control structures (8) are located in the module unit ( 14) in a ring-like way, in a radial direction complying with the wind accelerating channels (7).
6. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -5, characterised by that the deflector wing (J 8) of the first support (16) and/or of the other support (17) is formed by a wing structure with a variable surface put together from members that may be slipped into one another.
7. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -5, characterised by that the deflector wing ( 18) of the first support ( 16) and/or of the other support ( 17) is a wing that consists of a continuous but foldable material that may be rolled up and pulled out.
8. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -5, characterised by that the deflector wing ( 18) of the first support (16) and/or of the other support ( 17) is formed by an arranged group of rotatable plates lined up next to one another.
9. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -8, characterised by that there is a clutch ( 10) inserted between the rotating axle (2) and the generator ( 1 1 ).
10. The wind energy transformation device according to any of claims 1 -9, characterised by that the pressure control structure (8) has a separating piece (8b) that tilts on the effect of wind pressure.
PCT/HU2013/000001 2012-01-02 2013-01-02 Wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system WO2013102773A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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HU1200001A HUP1200001A2 (en) 2012-01-02 2012-01-02 Wind motor with rotation axis substantially at right angle to wind direction with a multistage acceleration system
HUP1200001 2012-01-02

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PCT/HU2013/000001 WO2013102773A1 (en) 2012-01-02 2013-01-02 Wind energy transformation device with a multi-circuit acceleration system

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CN114776536B (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-09-02 无锡市宝业机械制造有限公司 Plateau wind driven generator pipeline and integrated forming production method thereof

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