WO2013097390A1 - Pet系统中图像的衰减校正方法及装置 - Google Patents
Pet系统中图像的衰减校正方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013097390A1 WO2013097390A1 PCT/CN2012/074736 CN2012074736W WO2013097390A1 WO 2013097390 A1 WO2013097390 A1 WO 2013097390A1 CN 2012074736 W CN2012074736 W CN 2012074736W WO 2013097390 A1 WO2013097390 A1 WO 2013097390A1
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- attenuation
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- osem
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- attenuation image
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 27
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002418 meninge Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009513 drug distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
- G06T11/005—Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/77—Retouching; Inpainting; Scratch removal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10072—Tomographic images
- G06T2207/10104—Positron emission tomography [PET]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20004—Adaptive image processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of medical image processing, and in particular to a method and apparatus for attenuation correction applied to medical images in a PET system.
- each patient typically needs to perform two scans, one for the Emissio scan and the other for the Transmission scan.
- the data collected by the Emission scan generally reflects the distribution of the drug in the patient, but there is no attenuation correction, so there is a problem of quantitative inaccuracy; the data collected by the Transmission scan is specifically used to generate the attenuation chord, to The data obtained by the Emission scan is attenuated.
- the Emission scan data can reflect the distribution of the drug in the patient's body. The scan takes about 4 minutes; the Transmission scan takes about 30 minutes to get a relatively accurate scan image.
- a segmented attenuation correction algorithm (SAC) is adopted, which firstly filters the Transmissio scan data.
- FBP Projection
- FBP Projection
- a corresponding value is assigned to the pixels of each area, and then the assigned image is forward projected, and the obtained attenuation data is used to attenuate the Emission scan data.
- the above-mentioned attenuation correction method still causes a bed to take more than 10 minutes, and if the whole body scan is performed for the patient, it takes more than one hour, or there is a problem that the attenuation correction of the medical image scanned for the PET device is inefficient. Therefore, how to propose an innovative attenuation correction method for medical images, in the case of reducing the transmission scan time, can also ensure the accuracy of the image after attenuation correction, thereby increasing the input-output ratio of the device and reducing the patient's scanning band. Coming into the heart and physical discomfort. Summary of the invention
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for attenuating medical images in a PET system to ensure that the image accuracy after attenuation correction can be ensured while reducing the Transmi ss ion scanning time.
- Another object of the present invention is to apply the above concept to a specific application environment, and to provide an attenuation correction device for medical images in a PET system, thereby ensuring the implementation and application of the method.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for correcting an image in a PET system, including:
- the transmission scan chord data is reconstructed by using the Bayesian model-based ordered subset maximum expectation OSEM-B method and the filtered back projection FBP method to obtain an OSEM-B attenuation image and a first FBP attenuation image, respectively;
- the emission Emission scan chord data of the current PET device is subjected to attenuation correction using an attenuation chord generated in accordance with the effective attenuation image.
- the weighting the OSEM-B attenuation image and the first FBP attenuation image to obtain an effective attenuation image comprises:
- ⁇ £ ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of the OSEM-B attenuation image, and is the attenuation coefficient of the FBP attenuation image, "is a weighting parameter.
- ⁇ £ ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of the OSEM-B attenuation image, and is the attenuation coefficient of the FBP attenuation image, "is a weighting parameter.
- the The acquisition method is specifically as follows:
- chord data of the inherent noise scan of the transmission device before the current PET device is shipped from the factory and performing FBP reconstruction on the chord data of the noise scan to obtain a second FBP attenuation image
- the a is calculated using a histogram of the first tissue region and the second tissue region.
- the calculating, by using a histogram of the first tissue region and the second tissue region is specifically:
- the transmitting scan chord data is reconstructed by using an ordered subset maximum expectation OSEM-B method based on a Bayesian model, and specifically includes:
- the w . ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of water.
- the invention also provides an image attenuation correction device for a PET system, comprising: an acquisition source data module, configured to acquire transmission transmission scan string data of a current PET device;
- An OSEM-B reconstruction module is configured to reconstruct the transmission scan chord data by using a Bayesian model-based ordered subset maximum expected value OSEM-B method to obtain an OSEM-B attenuation image;
- An FBP reconstruction module is configured to reconstruct the transmission scan chord data by using a filtered inverse projection FBP method to obtain a first FBP attenuation image
- a weighting calculation module configured to weight the OSEM-B attenuation image and the first FBP attenuation image to obtain an effective attenuation image
- an attenuation correction module configured to perform attenuation correction on the transmitted Emission scan chord data of the current PET device by using an attenuation chord generated according to the effective attenuation image.
- the weighting calculation module is specifically configured to:
- the effective attenuation coefficient of the effective attenuation image is calculated by using the formula ⁇ / -- + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ ; wherein, - is the attenuation coefficient of the OSEM-B attenuation image, and is the attenuation coefficient of the FBP attenuation image, "is a weighting parameter.
- the following module is used to obtain the ":”:
- An acquisition module configured to obtain chord data of the noise scan of the transmission device before the current PET device is shipped from the factory, and perform FBP reconstruction on the chord data of the noise scan to obtain a second FBP attenuation image;
- An extraction module configured to extract a first tissue region of the effective attenuation image and a second tissue region of the second FBP attenuation image
- a calculation module configured to calculate the histogram using the first tissue region and the second tissue region.
- the calculation module is specifically used to calculate a formula using a minimum mean square error mm Hlst Final ⁇ Hist Lang
- the OSEM-B reconstruction module specifically includes:
- a first obtaining submodule configured to acquire the stated maximum expected value OSEM method using an ordered subset
- ⁇ " ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of water.
- the embodiment of the present invention not only adopts the FBP method.
- Transmission scans the chord data for a short period of time, and also uses OSEM-B to reconstruct the scanned chord data of the short-term transmission, and weights the reconstruction results of the two, and finally obtains the effective attenuation coefficient and then Emission.
- the chord data is scanned for the attenuation correction
- the quality of the transmission is improved for a long time, and the quality of the transmission is reduced.
- the transmission scan time of the transmission is only required to be performed in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the accuracy of the final attenuation corrected image can be adjusted to the accuracy of the 8-minute Transmission scan using the segmentation attenuation correction in the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of the present invention
- step 103 is a flow chart of step 103 in the method embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the image quality curve of the NEMA test
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the lung error rate curve of the NEMA test
- Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an OSEM-B reconstruction module 602 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of calculating a weighting parameter in an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
- a flowchart of a positive method embodiment may include the following steps:
- Step 101 Acquire transmission transmission chord data of the current PET device.
- the embodiment of the present invention needs to perform attenuation correction for its transmission scan string data.
- the transmission scan string data is obtained.
- the scan chord data in this step can be obtained by performing a Transmission scan in a short time. For example, you can only perform a 4 minute Transmission sweep 4 .
- Step 102 respectively reconstruct the transmission scan chord data by using the Bayesian model-based ordered subset maximum expected value OSEM-B method and the filtered back projection FBP method to obtain the OSEM-B attenuation image and the first FBP, respectively. Attenuate the image.
- the transmission scan chord data is not only subjected to the filtered back projection (FBP) method, but also the maximum expected value of the ordered subset based on the Bayesian model is needed (The Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization- Bayesian, OSEM-B) method is used to reconstruct it.
- FBP filtered back projection
- OSEM-B Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization- Bayesian
- OSEM-B is an iterative method often used in Emission reconstruction or Transmission reconstruction. This method can reconstruct accurate and uniform attenuation images by forward and backward projection combined with Bayesian model constraints. Referring to FIG. 2, in this step, the transmission scan chord data is reconstructed by using the OSEM-B method, which may include the following steps:
- Step 201 Obtain an initial attenuation coefficient of an initial attenuation image of the Transmission scan chord data by using an OSEM method.
- the OSEM-B algorithm introduced in this embodiment is divided into two parts. First, the calculation of the OSEM method is performed, and then the equation (1) is shown:
- the initial attenuation coefficient of the obtained initial attenuation image is represented, and y represents the attenuation amount on the response line of a certain negation, indicating the length of a certain response line passing through a certain pixel, that is, the response line i and the pixel
- the intersection length of 1; s represents the angle subset, and the subscript J represents which response line and which pixel respectively.
- the response line here refers to the connection between a pair of pixels.
- the image pixel value of a response line is reduced from 100 to 90, and the attenuation on the response line is 1-00; Is a subset of the image in various directions, for example, the image has a projection in 256 directions, divided into 8 subsets, then a subset has 32 projections.
- the iterative result of the reconstruction is performed last time, and y can be the measured value, which is the system matrix.
- Step 202 The initial subtraction coefficient and the Bayesian model are according to a formula
- Mj ⁇ [ ⁇ j) j + ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ «ter is combined to obtain an attenuation coefficient of the OSEM-B attenuation image; wherein, ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of water.
- the Bayesian model is as shown in equation (2):
- Equation (2) is a model similar to the form of Gaussian function, where "[01] is a parameter, it can be seen that when ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 When approaching ⁇ " ⁇ , ° is getting closer to ".
- the PET device has a photon energy of 511KeV.
- the attenuation values of other parts are very close to water.
- the OSEM can be combined with the Bayesian model according to formula (3):
- Equation (3) obtains the attenuation coefficient of the OSEM-B attenuation image reconstructed by the OSEM-B algorithm, but it cannot be directly used for attenuation correction. Because the attenuation value of the tissue part of the OSEM-B attenuation image is too smooth, and the normal human body will fluctuate, but the attenuation value calculated by the formula (3) does not fluctuate, which loses many images due to system noise and correction algorithms. detail. In this way, the image noise distribution of the Transmission scan and the Emission scan does not match. If the attenuation correction of the Emission scan string data is directly performed by the formula (3), the system noise is amplified.
- the chord data collected by the PET equipment there is more noise in the chord data collected by the PET equipment, and the chord data is not particularly uniform, and can be considered as a system characteristic. If the smoothing of the transmission and Emission string data is inconsistent after the smoothing of the formula (3), the direct use of the attenuation correction may result in inaccurate image or artifacts. Therefore, the weighting step of step 103 is performed. In order to reduce the introduction of system noise, the attenuation coefficient is more realistic.
- Step 103 Weight the O SEM-B attenuation image and the first FBP attenuation image to obtain an effective attenuation image.
- the effective attenuation coefficient of the effective attenuation image is calculated by using the weighted form of the OSEM-B and the FBP reconstruction result in the formula (4);
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ + (1 - ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ( 4 )
- ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of the OSEM-B attenuation image, which is the attenuation coefficient of the FBP attenuation image
- the value range of "is greater than 0 and less than 1 because FBP reconstructed FBP attenuation image has more noise, preferably, in order not to introduce too much noise, it can be closer
- the method for obtaining the method may include the following steps: Step 301: Acquire chord data of the inherent noise scan of the transmission device before leaving the factory, and scan the chord of the inherent noise of the device.
- the map data is subjected to FBP reconstruction to obtain a second FBP attenuation image.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive selection method as shown below. Because PET equipment is more complicated, the distribution of noise in each PET system is different. Therefore, before each PET is shipped, a long-term transmission equipment inherent noise scan is performed, and the string data of the inherent noise of the transmission equipment is used. , and By performing FBP reconstruction on the chord data of the inherent noise scan of the device, a second FBP attenuation image can be obtained.
- Step 302 Extract a first tissue region of the effective attenuation image and a second tissue region of the second FBP attenuation image. Then, each time the short-term transmission scan of step 101 is performed, the tissue region can be first segmented from the effective attenuation image and the second FBP attenuation image.
- Step 303 Calculate the a with the histogram of the first tissue region and the second tissue region and then separately calculate the histograms ⁇ , mecanic, , and ⁇ ⁇ of the tissue regions in the two images.
- the Hist Fmai is a histogram of the first tissue region
- the histogram is the histogram of the second tissue region.
- Equation (5) uses the least mean square error fitting method because Hist Final in equation (5) and ⁇ ' in equation (4) are parameters about effective attenuation of the image, so formula (4) and formula ( 5) Combine to eliminate the feature of the effective attenuation image, and then find the value of ".
- Step 104 Perform attenuation correction on the transmitted Emission scan chord data of the current PET device by using an attenuation chord generated according to the effective attenuation image.
- the effective attenuation coefficient of the effective attenuation image in step 103 it may be forward projected to generate an effective attenuation chord pattern, and then use the effective attenuation chord diagram to perform attenuation correction on the emission (Emission) scanning chord data of the PET device. .
- the embodiment of the present invention weights the OSEM-B attenuation image and the FBP attenuation image, and Attenuation correction is performed by taking the effective attenuation coefficient ⁇ ⁇ 1 obtained after the weighting, so that the time for performing the transmission scan even in step 101 is short (the prior art is 8 minutes, and the embodiment of the present invention can be only 4 minutes). It can also make the system noise of the attenuation-corrected Emission scan chord data smaller, and the image precision is also close to the image precision of the 8-minute Transmission scan in the prior art. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the purpose of obtaining a result that is very similar to the long-term transmission scan by using the transmission scanning chord data of a short time by weighting.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a NEMA image quality curve.
- the abscissa represents the transmission scan time
- the ordinate represents the mass value
- the solid line represents the curve of the embodiment of the present invention
- the broken line represents the SAC method in the prior art.
- the curve, d in the figure represents the diameter of the heat source of the meninges, and gives six curves with d of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37, respectively.
- the diameter of the heat source of the meninges is larger than the resolution of PET, the image quality reconstructed from the data of the shorter scan time using the embodiment of the present invention is superior to the result of SAC.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the lung error rate curve of NEMA. There is no drug distribution in the lungs, which is a cold zone, and the calculation method according to the embodiment of the present invention shows that the lower the curve of the non-error rate, the better the effect.
- the abscissa represents the transmission scan time, and the ordinate represents the lung error rate.
- the lungs when the attenuation corrected image slice numbers are 27, 30, 33, 36, and 39 are respectively shown. Error rate curve. It can be seen from FIG.
- the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, by hardware, but in many cases, the former is better.
- Implementation Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, which is essential or contributes to the prior art, may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium shield including a plurality of instructions for making A computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) performs various embodiments of the present invention All or part of the steps of the method.
- the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
- a medium that can store program codes such as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides an attenuation correction device for a medical image in a PET system.
- FIG. 6 a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an attenuation correction apparatus for a medical image in a PET system is shown, which may include:
- the OSEM-B reconstruction module 602 is configured to reconstruct the transmission scan chord data by using an OSEM-B method based on the ordered subset maximum expected value of the Bayesian model to obtain an OSEM-B attenuation image;
- the OSEM-B reconstruction module 602 may specifically include: a first obtaining sub-module 701, configured to acquire the transmission short-time scanning chord data by using an ordered subset maximum expected value OSEM method.
- a second obtaining sub-module 702 configured to combine the initial attenuation coefficient and the Bayesian model a according to the formula ⁇ 2 - ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ + ⁇ water to obtain
- 0SEM-B attenuates the attenuation coefficient of the image; wherein, ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of water.
- the FBP reconstruction module 603 is configured to perform reconstruction on the transmission scan chord data by using a filtered back projection FBP method to obtain a first FBP attenuation image; and a weighting calculation module 604, configured to use the OSEM-B attenuation image and the FBP attenuation image Performing a weighting to obtain a valid attenuation image; the weighting calculation module 404 can be specifically configured to:
- the structure diagram is calculated in an actual application, and includes: an obtaining module 801, configured to acquire chord data of the inherent noise scan of the transmission device before leaving the factory, and the noise The scanned chord data is subjected to FBP reconstruction to obtain a second FBP attenuation image;
- An extraction module 802 configured to extract a first tissue region of the effective attenuation image and a second tissue region of the second FBP attenuation image;
- the calculating module 803 is configured to calculate the using the histogram of the first tissue region and the second tissue region.
- the calculation module 803 can be specifically used to calculate a minimum mean square error
- the attenuation correction module 605 is configured to perform attenuation correction on the transmitted Emission scan chord data of the current PET device by using the attenuation chord generated according to the effective attenuation image.
- the attenuation correction device of the embodiment of the present invention may weight the OSEM-B attenuation image and the FBP attenuation image by the weighting calculation module 604, and perform attenuation correction by using the effective attenuation coefficient ⁇ ⁇ 1 obtained after the weighting, so that even if it is performed
- the transmission scan time is very short (the prior art is 8 minutes, and the embodiment of the present invention can only be 4 minutes), and the system noise of the attenuation-corrected Emission scan string data can be made smaller, and the image precision is also existing.
- the accuracy of the image for the 8-minute Transmission scan in the technology is very close. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the purpose of obtaining a result closely related to the long-term transmission scan by using the transmission scanning chord data of 4 ⁇ short time by weighting.
- the present invention is applicable to a wide variety of general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations.
- personal computer server computer, handheld or portable device, tablet device, multiprocessor system, microprocessor based system, set-top box, programmable consumer electronics device, network PC, small computer, mainframe computer, including Distributed computing environment for any of the above systems or devices and many more.
- the invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as a program module.
- program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- the invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are connected through a communication network.
- program modules can be located in both local and remote computer storage media including storage devices.
- the device embodiment since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, it can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.
- the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, ie may be located One place, or it can be distributed to multiple network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solution of the embodiment. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement without any creative work.
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