WO2013097374A1 - 一种电力测功机 - Google Patents

一种电力测功机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013097374A1
WO2013097374A1 PCT/CN2012/073758 CN2012073758W WO2013097374A1 WO 2013097374 A1 WO2013097374 A1 WO 2013097374A1 CN 2012073758 W CN2012073758 W CN 2012073758W WO 2013097374 A1 WO2013097374 A1 WO 2013097374A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
variable frequency
frequency
motor
control system
speed
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PCT/CN2012/073758
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙卫波
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湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
北京市三一重机有限公司
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Publication of WO2013097374A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013097374A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/24—Devices for determining the value of power, e.g. by measuring and simultaneously multiplying the values of torque and revolutions per unit of time, by multiplying the values of tractive or propulsive force and velocity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the priority of a Chinese patent application filed on December 28, 2011 by the Chinese Patent Office, the application number is 201110448170.2, and the invention is entitled “an electric dynamometer", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. Combined in this application.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to an electric dynamometer.
  • the loading equipment for controlling the torque and speed of rotating machinery is usually selected from the dynamometer.
  • the dynamometer industry in China has low manufacturing technology and unstable performance, and is in the stage of product imitation.
  • both power and loading require energy consumption.
  • the cost of energy consumption becomes a heavy burden for enterprises.
  • Dynamometers are generally divided into hydraulic dynamometers, eddy current dynamometers, and electric dynamometers.
  • the hydraulic dynamometer has the low-speed, low-torque, high-speed and high-torque dynamic characteristics. It is not suitable for the test loading of rotating machinery with low speed and high torque. When the speed is lower than a certain value, the vibration unstable loading performance will be deteriorated. defect. Moreover, the hydraulic dynamometer cannot be loaded in both directions as an anti-dragging device. In addition, the hydraulic dynamometer consumes energy from water cooling and energy conversion, energy cannot be recovered, and energy consumption is large.
  • the low-speed loading performance of the eddy current dynamometer is worse than that of the hydraulic dynamometer. It cannot be used as a reverse dragging device. It can consume energy in both water cooling and energy conversion. The energy cannot be recovered and the energy consumption is large.
  • the existing electric dynamometer is a combination of an electric motor and a generator. When starting, it is an electric motor, and the electric energy is used to drive the engine (rotary machine) to start running; after the engine (rotary machine) is turned into a generator, it can be The mechanical energy of the engine (rotary machine) is converted into electrical energy, which can also be fed into the grid for use.
  • the electric dynamometer load has the advantages of energy saving, good bidirectional loading and dragging characteristics in low and high speed range, fast response characteristics in transient loading, anti-drag characteristics, and low capital cost.
  • electric dynamometer loading has the following disadvantages:
  • High-power electric dynamometers are expensive and disposable.
  • the electric dynamometer is a single-axis output. Two electric dynamometers are required to load two rotating test pieces, equivalent to two electric motors and two generators. Large and expensive.
  • the energy and the power grid form an external cycle, which is unstable due to the fluctuation of the power grid, and the energy is fed back to the grid to impact and pollute the power grid, and the energy utilization rate is low.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric dynamometer for solving the problems of high cost, inability to realize forward and reverse drag, and low energy utilization rate in the prior art.
  • the invention provides an electric dynamometer, comprising a mechanical transmission system and a frequency conversion control system;
  • the mechanical transmission system comprises a symmetric arrangement, and is rotated in the same direction, and the two transmission subsystems are dragged forward and reverse;
  • Each transmission subsystem includes a variable frequency motor, a reducer or a speed increaser
  • the reducer or the speed increaser of the two sets of transmission subsystems are respectively connected to the tested rotating member and the accompanying test rotating member; the tested rotating member and the accompanying test rotating member are flexibly connected and synchronously rotated;
  • the frequency conversion control system comprises two frequency converters, and the two frequency converters are respectively connected with the frequency conversion motors of the two sets of transmission subsystems, and the two frequency converters are connected by a DC bus;
  • the variable frequency control system performs closed loop control on the variable frequency motor through the frequency converter.
  • the frequency converter connected to the two sets of transmission subsystems uses the same power frequency converter to directly drive the same capacity variable frequency motor of the two transmission subsystems.
  • variable frequency control system includes a programmable controller connected to the frequency converter and a host computer connected to the programmable controller.
  • variable frequency control system comprises a power drive system and a load control system; both the power drive system and the load control system directly drive the variable frequency motor by using a frequency converter.
  • the output shaft of the tested rotating member is mounted with a rotational speed sensor; the frequency converter is a direct torque control inverter;
  • the frequency converter includes a PID comparison controller, and the PID comparison controller compares and differentiates a given speed value and a speed deviation signal value collected by the speed sensor, and the frequency converter compares the feedback result of the controller according to the PID. Controlling the output frequency of the variable frequency motor.
  • the shaft head of the variable frequency motor mounted with the transmission subsystem of the test rotating member is equipped with a torque sensor;
  • the frequency converter includes a PID comparison controller;
  • variable frequency motor for loading When the actual speed reaches a predetermined ratio of the given speed value, the variable frequency motor for loading is given a torque; the PID comparison controller gives a torque set value given by the variable frequency motor and the torque sensor collects The torque deviation signal values are compared and differentiated, and the frequency converter controls the output current and voltage of the variable frequency motor according to the feedback result of the PID comparison controller.
  • the given speed value and/or the torque reference value is set by the upper computer.
  • a filter circuit is connected between the two inverters and the power grid.
  • variable frequency motor is replaced by a servo motor
  • frequency converter is replaced by a servo controller
  • the DC bus is connected in parallel with a braking unit for braking the mechanical transmission system to zero speed according to a preset time.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the electric power dynamometer comprises a mechanical transmission system and a frequency conversion control system;
  • the mechanical transmission system comprises a symmetric arrangement and a co-rotating connection, and the two transmission subsystems are dragged forward and reverse;
  • each transmission subsystem Including a variable frequency motor, a reducer or a speed increaser; a reducer or a speed increaser of the two sets of transmission subsystems respectively connected to the tested rotating member and the accompanying test rotating member;
  • the variable frequency control system includes two frequency converters, two of which The frequency converter is respectively connected with the frequency conversion motor of the two sets of transmission subsystems, and the two frequency converters are connected by a DC bus; the frequency conversion control system performs closed loop control on the frequency conversion motor through the frequency converter.
  • the two sets of transmission subsystems of the electric dynamometer provided by the invention are operated by a variable frequency motor (the first variable frequency motor) to drive the running of the tested rotating part, and another variable frequency motor (the second variable frequency motor)
  • the generator is operated as the load of the tested rotating member, and the generated alternating current is inverted by the inverter into direct current to the DC bus, and the mechanical energy is fed back to the first variable frequency motor.
  • the common DC bus power is supplied to the second variable frequency motor for motor operation, and the mechanical transmission system such as the reducer drives the reverse rotation of the tested rotating member, and the first variable frequency motor runs in the generator mode for the tested rotation.
  • the load of the piece, the generated alternating current is inverted by the inverter into the reverse direct current, and the electric energy is circulated in the closed loop. Therefore, the arrangement is such that the mounting size is small and the structure is compact.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional electric dynamometer
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an electric dynamometer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency conversion control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an electric dynamometer for solving the problems of high cost, inability to realize forward and reverse drag, and low energy utilization rate in the prior art.
  • the electric dynamometer comprises a mechanical transmission system and a frequency conversion control system.
  • the mechanical transmission system includes a symmetric arrangement and is coupled in the same direction, and the two transmission subsystems are driven forward and reverse to each other, the first transmission subsystem and the second transmission subsystem.
  • the first transmission subsystem includes a first inverter motor 21 and a first reduction gear 31.
  • the first speed reducer 31 can also employ a first speed increaser.
  • the first variable frequency motor 21 and the first reduction gear 31 can be connected by a coupling.
  • the second transmission subsystem includes a second inverter motor 22 and a second reduction gear 32.
  • the second speed reducer 32 can also employ a first speed increaser.
  • the second variable frequency motor 22 and the second reduction gear 32 can be connected by a coupling.
  • the two sets of transmission subsystems, the first transmission subsystem and the second transmission reducer 31, 32 or the first and second speed increasers of the second transmission subsystem are respectively connected to the tested rotating member 41 and the accompanying test rotating member 42.
  • the first and second reduction gears 31, 32 or the first and second speed increasers may respectively connect the tested rotating member 41 and the accompanying test rotating member 42 through a coupling.
  • test rotating member 41 and the accompanying test rotating member 42 can be flexibly connected to realize synchronous rotation.
  • the tested rotating member 41 and the accompanying test rotating member 42 may be specifically connected by a wire rope or a chain or a belt.
  • the frequency conversion control system comprises two frequency converters, a first frequency converter 11 and a second frequency converter 12, two of the frequency converters, a first frequency converter 11 and a second frequency converter 12, respectively, and two sets of transmission subsystems
  • the first and second variable frequency motors 21, 22 are connected, and the two inverters are connected by a DC bus 1 between the first frequency converter 11 and the second frequency converter 12.
  • the frequency conversion control system passes the frequency converter one by one first frequency converter 11 or the second frequency converter
  • variable frequency motor 21 In the two sets of transmission subsystems of the electric power dynamometer provided by the embodiment of the present invention, one of the variable frequency motors (for example, the first variable frequency motor 21) operates as a motor to drive the operation of the tested rotating member, and the other variable frequency motor (for example, the second The variable frequency motor 22) is operated as a generator to be the load of the tested rotating member 41, and the generated alternating current is inverted by the first frequency converter 11 into a direct current to the DC bus 1. The mechanical energy is fed back to the first variable frequency motor 21, which constitutes an energy closed loop.
  • the first variable frequency motor 21 operates as a motor to drive the operation of the tested rotating member
  • variable frequency motor 22 for example, the second The variable frequency motor 22
  • the variable frequency motor 22 is operated as a generator to be the load of the tested rotating member 41, and the generated alternating current is inverted by the first frequency converter 11 into a direct current to the DC bus 1.
  • the mechanical energy is fed back to the first variable frequency motor 21, which constitutes an energy closed loop.
  • the power dynamometer provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize forward and reverse drag and bidirectional loading.
  • the installation size is small and the structure is compact.
  • the first and second frequency converters 11 and 12 can adopt the same power frequency converter to directly drive the first and second frequency conversion motors 21 and 22 of the same capacity of the two groups of transmission subsystems.
  • the first and second variable frequency motors 21 and 22 are equipped with the same power, and the working condition of each variable frequency motor can be independently controlled. Therefore, regardless of electric and power generation or speed and torque control, it can be freely set and converted to achieve different torques and different Torque pulses, different speeds, and different speed pulses are able to meet complex high-precision, fast response test control requirements.
  • the variable frequency control system may specifically include a programmable controller 2 connected to the first frequency converter 11 and the second frequency converter 12, and a host computer 3 connected to the programmable controller 2.
  • variable frequency control system can be divided into a power drive system and a load control system during specific control.
  • Both the power drive system and the load control system can directly drive the variable frequency motor with the inverter.
  • the same power inverter can directly drive the same capacity variable frequency motor.
  • the rectifier unit of the inverter supplies power to the inverter through the common DC bus 5, and the current drives the inverter motor through the inverter.
  • Two inverter motors are operated at the same time for each test, and one motor is used for electric operation as the power of the rotating component.
  • the inverter motor is dragged to the ground (in the power generation state). It is used as the load of the rotating component.
  • the energy is transferred back to the drive system through the DC bus 5 (DC-BUS).
  • the energy recovery rate of mechanical energy and electrical energy is up to 80%.
  • the energy to the grid is small, and only a small amount of energy needs to be replenished from the grid.
  • the two frequency converters controlled by the two inverters and the forward and reverse towed motor combine the test rotating parts with the accompanying rotating parts to form an energy closed loop, which improves energy utilization.
  • the output shaft of the tested rotating member 41 may be mounted with the first rotational speed sensor 51.
  • the first frequency converter 11 may specifically be a direct torque control frequency converter.
  • the first rotational speed sensor 51 may specifically employ a rotational speed torque sensor.
  • the first frequency converter 11 includes a PID comparison controller, and the PID comparison controller compares and differentiates a given speed value set by the upper computer 3 and a speed deviation signal value collected by the first rotation speed sensor 51.
  • a frequency converter 11 controls the output frequency of the first variable frequency motor 21 based on the feedback result of the PID comparison controller.
  • the first frequency converter 11 is specifically configured to control the speed precision, and preferably can control the speed precision not to exceed ⁇ 0.10% of the rated speed.
  • the second torque sensor 52 of the second inverter motor 22 to which the second transmission subsystem of the test rotary member 42 is mounted is mounted with the second torque sensor 52.
  • the frequency converter includes a PID comparison controller.
  • the second rotational speed sensor 52 may specifically employ a rotational speed torque sensor.
  • the second inverter motor 22 for loading gives a torque
  • the PID comparison controller gives a torque to the second inverter motor 22.
  • the set value and the torque deviation signal value collected by the second torque sensor 52 are compared and differentiated, and the frequency converter controls the output current and voltage of the second variable frequency motor 22 according to the feedback result of the PID comparison controller.
  • the second frequency converter 21 is used to control the torque error, preferably such that the torque error is controlled at 0.25% of the maximum output torque.
  • the torque reference value can be specifically set by the upper computer 3.
  • a filter circuit can be connected between the two inverters, the first and second inverters 11, 12 and the grid 4.
  • the filter circuit is used to isolate the energy in the closed loop control (energy closed loop) into the grid 4, reducing energy loss and preventing the impact of the fluctuation of the grid 4 on the energy closed loop.
  • the DC bus 1 is connected in parallel with a braking unit 5 for braking the mechanical transmission system to zero speed for a preset time.
  • the mechanical transmission system which constitutes a symmetrical closed drive and load, is compact.
  • the first and second variable frequency motors 21, 22 are operated in four quadrants. When one variable frequency motor is used as a motor and the other variable frequency motor is used as a generator, reverse dragging is also possible.
  • the first or second frequency converters 11, 12 adjust the current of the first or second variable frequency motors 21, 22 to control the torque and the rotational speed of the first or second variable frequency motors 21, 22, thereby realizing the positive rotation of the tested rotating member 41. Reverse drag test.
  • the electric power dynamometer according to the embodiment of the invention has a smaller volume and input than the existing electric dynamometer.
  • the first and second frequency converters 11, 12 are frequency converters based on fast torque control performance, and the rectifier of the four-quadrant transmission module of the frequency converter allows the conversion time in the electric mode and the power generation mode to be only a few ms, and the conversion process is continuous No lag.
  • the working conditions of each inverter motor 21, 22 can be independently controlled, so whether the electric and power generation or the speed and torque control can be freely set and converted according to different experimental contents, the test requirements of high precision and fast response can be realized.
  • the first variable frequency motor 21 (drive motor) is connected to the input shaft of the first reduction gear 31 or the first accelerator to drive the test rotating member to be tested by the rotary member 41, and the speed of the first inverter motor 21 is controlled by the first inverter 11
  • the rated variable speed of the test component is reached, and the first variable frequency motor 21 is loaded with the test rotating member one by one by the output shaft of the test rotating member 41, and the test rotating member is loaded by the test rotating member 41 by torque control.
  • the control and data acquisition and exchange of the first and second frequency converters 11, 12 can be specifically completed by bus network communication.
  • the variable frequency control system specifically adopts a PLC as a main station, a host computer for monitoring, a frequency converter for speed regulation, and a three-stage network for bus communication, and realizes closed-loop control of the first and second frequency conversion motors 21 and 22. .
  • the host computer 3 realizes control by data transmission between the PLC 2 and the inverters 11, 12.
  • the frequency conversion control system of the embodiment of the invention adopts the AC vector control technology, and can accurately control the torque and the rotation speed of the high-power AC motor.
  • the transmission modules of the first and second inverters 11, 12 can have built-in harmonic filters and EMC filters.
  • variable frequency control system and the torque speed sensor according to the embodiment of the invention can provide different functions such as torque, torque pulse, rotation speed, speed pulse, and over-roll protection of the rotating test piece.
  • the variable frequency control system may specifically include a measurement and control system and a monitoring system.
  • the parameters of the PID are called and adjusted in the PLC program, and the result is treated as the load motor torque limit.
  • High torque operation from zero speed to 200% speed is achieved within a speed control range of 1:1000. It can keep running at a certain speed even if the load changes rapidly. It has a fast response of 50Hz, realizes the test of tension pulse and speed pulse, and has strong expansibility. It can meet other high-precision and high-demand test requirements by changing the PLC program.
  • the measurement and control system and the monitoring system are completed by PLC controller and configuration software and the host computer.
  • the host computer also has a human-machine interface for loading control and has the monitoring function of the entire control system. , fault diagnosis function.
  • the frequency conversion control system may specifically form a three-level network communication using a CC-LINK bus with a CC-LINK protocol between the host computer and the upper computer and the transmission device and the remote terminal, and may be controlled by a touch mode. .
  • the frequency conversion control system can realize the collection and storage of test data, the sequence control of the test process and the continuous adjustment control.
  • the operator can perform man-machine dialogue through the man-machine interface, modify process parameters and change the operation state of the device, and monitor the entire test process. .
  • the bus communication information is transmitted quickly, the amount of data is greatly increased, the reliability of transmission is improved, the layout of the wires is clear, and the construction and maintenance are facilitated.
  • variable frequency control system of the embodiment of the invention has sufficient overload capability, no-load, short circuit and ground fault protection.
  • the electric dynamometer of the embodiment of the invention has small installation size, compact structure and low initial investment; energy saving, energy feedback, energy recovery rate of more than 80%; loading characteristics from low speed to high speed, and most power machinery Good dynamic characteristics match.
  • the electric power dynamometer according to the embodiment of the invention can realize forward and reverse drag and bidirectional loading.
  • the forward and reverse drag conversion response is fast, and the inverter control system can meet various complex and high-precision experimental requirements.
  • the first and second variable frequency motors 21 and 22 may be specifically configured with servo motors.
  • the first and second frequency converters 11 and 12 may be servo controllers as described above, and the control manner is the same as that described above. Detailed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电力测功机，包括机械传动系统和变频控制系统；所述机械传动系统包括对称布置，且同向旋转连接，正、反互相拖动的两组传动子系统；每组传动子系统包括变频电机（21、22）、减速机或增速机（31、32）；两组传动子系统的减速机或增速机（31、32）分别连接被测试旋转件（41）和陪测试旋转件（42）；所述被测试旋转件（41）和陪测试旋转件（42）柔性连接，同步转动；所述变频控制系统包括两个变频器（11、12），两个所述变频器（11、12）分别与两组传动子系统的变频电机（21、22）相连，两个所述变频器（11、12）之间通过直流母线（1）相连；所述变频控制系统通过所述变频器（11、12）对所述变频电机（21、22）进行闭环控制。该电力测功机用于解决现有技术中成本高，无法实现正反拖动，能量利用率低等问题。

Description

一种电力测功机 本申请要求于 2011 年 12 月 28 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110448170.2、 发明名称为"一种电力测功机"的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械技术领域， 特别涉及一种电力测功机。
背景技术
目前国际上控制旋转机械扭矩和速度的加载设备通常选用测功机， 我 国测功机行业制造技术水平低， 性能不稳定， 处于产品模仿阶段。 并且动 力和加载均需耗能， 尤其对于载荷大、 试验时间长的试验， 耗能产生的费 用成为企业的沉重负担。
测功机一般分为水力测功机、 涡流测功机、 电力测功机。
水力测功机具有低速低转矩、 高速高转矩的动力特性， 不适用于低速 大转矩的旋转机械的试验加载， 并且在转速低于一定值时会产生振动不稳 定加载性能变差的缺陷。而且水力测功机不能作为反拖设备无法双向加载。 另外， 水力测功机由水冷却和能量转化时都要耗费能量， 能量不能回收， 耗能大。
涡流测功机低速加载性能较水力测功机差， 不能作为反拖设备无法双 向加载， 水冷却和能量转化时都要耗费能量， 能量不能回收， 耗能大。
参见图 1 , 现有电力测功机是电动机和发电机的组合体， 启动时是电 动机， 消耗电能带动发动机（旋转机械）开始运转； 发动机（旋转机械） 运转后就转变成发电机， 可以将发动机（旋转机械）的机械能转化成电能， 电能还可以馈入电网加以利用。 电力测功机加载虽然具有节能、 低高速范 围内良好的双向加载及拖动特性、 瞬态加载快速响应特性、 反拖特性、 基 建费用低等优点。 但是电力测功机加载具有以下缺点：
大功率电力测功机价格昂贵一次性投入大。 电力测功机是单轴输出， 加载两个旋转试件时需要两个电力测功机，相当两个电动机和两个发电机。 体积大并且价格高。
能量与电网组成外循环， 受电网波动影响加载不稳定， 能量回馈至电 网沖击和污染电网， 能量利用率低。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种电力测功机， 用于解决现有技术 中成本高， 无法实现正反拖动， 能量利用率低等问题。
本发明提供一种电力测功机， 包括机械传动系统和变频控制系统； 所述机械传动系统包括对称布置， 且同向旋转连接， 正、 反互相拖动 两组传动子系统；
每个传动子系统包括变频电机、 减速机或增速机；
两组传动子系统的减速机或增速机分别连接被测试旋转件和陪测试旋 转件； 所述被测试旋转件和陪测试旋转件柔性连接， 同步转动；
所述变频控制系统包括两个变频器， 两个所述变频器分别与两组传动 子系统的变频电机相连， 两个所述变频器之间通过直流母线相连；
所述变频控制系统通过所述变频器对所述变频电机进行闭环控制。 优选地， 与两组传动子系统相连的变频器采用同功率变频器， 分别直 接驱动两组传动子系统的同容量变频电机。
优选地， 所述变频控制系统包括与变频器相连的可编程控制器、 与所 述可编程控制器相连的上位机。
优选地， 所述变频控制系统包括动力驱动系统和加载控制系统； 动力驱动系统和加载控制系统均采用变频器直接驱动变频电机。 优选地， 所述被测试旋转件的输出轴安装有转速传感器； 所述变频器 为直接转矩控制变频器；
所述变频器包括 PID比较控制器， 所述 PID比较控制器对给定速度值 及所述转速传感器采集的转速偏差信号值进行比较和差分， 所述变频器根 据 PID比较控制器的反馈结果， 控制所述变频电机的输出频率。
优选地， 安装有所述陪测试旋转件的传动子系统的变频电机的轴头安 装有转矩传感器； 所述变频器包括 PID比较控制器；
当实际速度达到给定速度值的预定比例时， 加载用的变频电机给定转 矩； 所述 PID比较控制器对所述变频电机给定的转矩给定值及所述转矩传 感器采集的转矩偏差信号值进行比较和差分， 所述变频器根据 PID比较控 制器的反馈结果控制所述变频电机的输出电流和电压。
优选地， 所述给定速度值和 /或， 转矩给定值通过所述上位机设定。 优选地， 两个所述变频器与电网之间均连接有滤波电路。
优选地， 所述变频电机采用伺服电机替代， 所述变频器采用伺服控制 器替代。
优选地， 所述直流母线并联有制动单元， 用于按照预设定的时间， 将 所述机械传动系统制动到零速。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有以下优点：
本发明提供的电力测功机， 包括机械传动系统和变频控制系统； 所述 机械传动系统包括对称布置， 且同向旋转连接， 正、 反互相拖动两组传动 子系统； 每个传动子系统包括变频电机、 减速机或增速机； 两组传动子系 统的减速机或增速机分别连接被测试旋转件和陪测试旋转件； 所述变频控 制系统包括两个变频器， 两个所述变频器分别与两组传动子系统的变频电 机相连， 两个所述变频器之间通过直流母线相连； 所述变频控制系统通过 所述变频器对所述变频电机进行闭环控制。
本发明提供的电力测功机的两组传动子系统其中一台变频电机（第一 台变频电机）作电动机运行， 驱动被测试旋转件的运转， 另一台变频电机 (第二台变频电机） 以发电机方式运行， 作被测试旋转件的负载， 产生的 交流电经变频器逆变为直流电至所述直流母线， 回馈机械能量至第一台变 频电机。 这样就组成了能量闭环。 当反拖时共直流母线电能供给第二台变 频电机作电动机运行， 通过减速机等机械传动系统， 带动被测试旋转件反 转运行， 第一台变频电机以发电机方式运行， 作被测试旋转件的负载， 产 生的交流电经变频器逆变为反向的直流电， 电能在闭环内循环。 因此， 本 称布置， 使得安装尺寸较小， 结构紧凑。
附图说明
图 1是现有电力测功机示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例所述电力测功机结构示意图；
图 3是本发明实施例所述变频控制系统示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、 特征和优点能够更加明显易懂， 下面结合附 图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。 本发明提供一种电力测功机， 用于解决现有技术中成本高， 无法实现 正反拖动， 能量利用率低等问题。
本发明实施例所述电力测功机， 包括机械传动系统和变频控制系统。 所述机械传动系统包括对称布置， 且同向旋转连接， 正、 反互相拖动 两组传动子系统一一第一传动子系统和第二传动子系统。
第一传动子系统包括第一变频电机 21、 第一减速机 31。 第一减速机 31也可以采用第一增速机。 第一变频电机 21与第一减速机 31之间可以通 过联轴器相连。
第二传动子系统包括第二变频电机 22、 第二减速机 32。 第二减速机 32也可以采用第一增速机。 第二变频电机 22与第二减速机 32之间可以通 过联轴器相连。
两组传动子系统一一第一传动子系统和第二传动子系统的第一、 第二 减速机 31、 32或第一、 第二增速机分别连接被测试旋转件 41和陪测试旋 转件 42。
第一、 第二减速机 31、 32或第一、 第二增速机分别可以通过联轴器连 接被测试旋转件 41和陪测试旋转件 42。
所述被测试旋转件 41和陪测试旋转件 42之间可以柔性连接， 实现同 步转动。
所述被测试旋转件 41和陪测试旋转件 42具体可以通过钢丝绳或链条 或皮带实现柔性连接。
所述变频控制系统包括两个变频器一一第一变频器 11 和第二变频器 12, 两个所述变频器一一第一变频器 11和第二变频器 12分别与两组传动 子系统的第一、 第二变频电机 21、 22相连， 两个所述变频器一一第一变频 器 11和第二变频器 12之间通过直流母线 1相连。
所述变频控制系统通过所述变频器一一第一变频器 11 或第二变频器
12对所述变频电机第一或第二变频电机 21、 22进行闭环控制。
本发明实施例提供的电力测功机的两组传动子系统其中一台变频电机 (例如第一变频电机 21 )作电动机运行， 驱动被测试旋转件的运转， 另一 台变频电机（例如第二变频电机 22 )以发电机方式运行， 作被测试旋转件 41的负载，产生的交流电经第一变频器 11逆变为直流电至所述直流母线 1 , 回馈机械能量至第一变频电机 21 , 这样就组成了能量闭环。 当反拖时共直 流母线 1电能供给第二台变频电机 22作电动机运行， 通过第二减速机 32 或第二加速机等机械传动系统， 带动被测试旋转件 41反转运行， 第一台变 频电机 21以发电机方式运行， 作被测试旋转件 41的负载， 产生的交流电 经第二变频器 21逆变为反向的直流电， 电能在闭环内循环。 因此， 本发明 实施例提供的电力测功机可以实现正反拖动， 双向加载。 另外由于对称布 置， 使得安装尺寸较小， 结构紧凑。
所述第一、 第二变频器 11、 12可以采用同功率变频器， 分别直接驱动 两组传动子系统的同容量的第一、 第二变频电机 21、 22。
第一、 第二变频电机 21、 22配备相同功率， 每台变频电机的工作状况 可以独立控制， 因此无论电动和发电还是转速和转矩控制， 可自由设定和 转换， 实现不同的扭矩、 不同的扭矩脉沖、 不同的转速、 不同的转速脉沖， 能够满足复杂的高精度的响应快的试验控制要求。
所述变频控制系统具体可以包括与第一变频器 11和第二变频器 12相 连的可编程控制器 2、 与所述可编程控制器 2相连的上位机 3。
所述变频控制系统在具体控制时， 可分为动力驱动系统和加载控制系 统。
动力驱动系统和加载控制系统均可以采用变频器直接驱动变频电机， 具体可以采用同功率变频器直接驱动同容量变频电机。
变频器的整流单元通过公共直流母线 5向逆变器供电， 电流再通过变 频器驱动变频电机， 每次试验 2台变频电机同时工作， 1 台电机作电动运 行， 作为旋转部件的动力， 另外 1台变频电机反拖地工作（处在发电状态） 用作旋转部件的负载， 能量通过直流母线 5 ( DC - BUS )传递机械能量回 馈至驱动系统， 机械能和电能的能量回收率高达 80%, 回馈至电网的能量 4艮小， 只有少部分能量需从电网补充。 由控制的两变频器和正反拖的两变 频电机通过试验旋转部件和陪试旋转部件的连接组成了能量闭环， 提高了 能量利用率。
所述变频控制系统作为动力驱动系统时，所述被测试旋转件 41的输出 轴可以安装有第一转速传感器 51。 所述第一变频器 11具体可以为直接转 矩控制变频器。 第一转速传感器 51具体可以采用转速转矩传感器。 所述第一变频器 11 , 包括 PID比较控制器， 所述 PID比较控制器对上 位机 3设置的给定速度值及第一转速传感器 51采集的转速偏差信号值进行 比较和差分， 所述第一变频器 11根据 PID比较控制器的反馈结果， 控制 所述第一变频电机 21的输出频率。 所述第一变频器 11具体用于控制转速 精度， 优选可以控制转速精度不超过额定转速的 ± 0.10%。
所述变频控制系统作为加载控制系统时， 安装有所述陪测试旋转件 42 的第二传动子系统的第二变频电机 22的轴头安装有第二转矩传感器 52。 所述变频器包括 PID比较控制器。 第二转速传感器 52具体可以采用转速 转矩传感器。
当实际速度达到给定速度值的预定比例， 优选为 95%时， 加载用的第 二变频电机 22给定转矩； 所述 PID比较控制器对所述第二变频电机 22给 定的转矩给定值及所述第二转矩传感器 52 采集的转矩偏差信号值进行比 较和差分， 所述变频器根据 PID比较控制器的反馈结果控制所述第二变频 电机 22的输出电流和电压。 所述第二变频器 21用于控制转矩误差， 优选 使得转矩误差控制在最大输出转矩的士 0.25%。
所述转矩给定值具体可以通过所述上位机 3进行设定。
两个所述变频器一一第一、第二变频器 11、 12与电网 4之间均可以连 接有滤波电路。 滤波电路用于隔离上述闭环控制 （能量闭环） 中的能量馈 入电网 4, 减少能量损失， 同时阻止了电网 4的波动对能量闭环的沖击。
所述直流母线 1并联有制动单元 5, 用于按照预设定的时间， 将所述 机械传动系统制动到零速。
在机械传动系统进行急速停车时，这时存在再生能量不能在系统消化， 可使制动单元 5实现斩波放电， 能量用电阻消耗掉， 这部分消耗的能量很 小。
组成对称封闭的驱动和加载的机械传动系统， 结构紧凑。 第一、 第二 变频电机 21、 22为四象限运转， 当一个变频电机作电动机使用， 另一个变 频电机作为发电机使用， 反向拖动亦然。 第一或第二变频器 11、 12调节第 一或第二变频电机 21、 22的电流控制驱动第一或第二变频电机 21、 22的 转矩和转速， 从而实现被测试旋转件 41的正反向拖动试验。
现有电力测功机不能双轴输出， 若实现被测试旋转件正反向旋转和正 反拖动， 需要两个电力测功机。 本发明实施例所述电力测功机相比现有电 力测功机具有更小的体积和投入。
第一、 第二变频器 11、 12是基于快速转矩控制性能的变频器， 所述变 频器四象限传动模块的整流器允许以电动模式和发电模式的转换时间仅需 要几 ms, 且转换过程连续无滞后。 每台变频电机 21、 22的工作状况可以 独立控制， 因此无论电动和发电还是转速和转矩控制，根据不同实验内容， 可自由设定和转换， 能够实现高精度和快速响应的试验要求。
第一变频电机 21 (驱动电机） 与第一减速机 31或第一加速机的输入 轴相连驱动试验旋转部件一一被测试旋转件 41 , 通过第一变频器 11控制 第一变频电机 21的速度达到试验部件的额定转速， 加载第一变频电机 21 与试验旋转部件一一被测试旋转件 41的输出轴相连，通过转矩控制给试验 旋转部件一一被测试旋转件 41加载。 第一、 第二变频器 11、 12的控制和 数据采集交换具体可以通过总线网络通讯完成。
本发明实施例所述变频控制系统具体是以 PLC 为主站、 上位机作监 控、 变频器用于调速， 由总线通讯的三级网络， 对第一、 第二变频电机 21、 22实现闭环控制。 上位机 3通过 PLC 2与变频器 11、 12之间的数据传输 来实现控制。 本发明实施例所述变频控制系统采用交流矢量控制技术， 可 以实现对大功率的交流电机的转矩、转速精确控制。第一、第二变频器 11、 12的传动模块可以内置有谐波滤波器和 EMC滤波器。
本发明实施例所述变频控制系统以及转矩转速传感器能够提供不同的 扭矩、 扭矩脉沖、 转速、 转速脉沖、 防止旋转试件的过卷过放保护等功能。
本发明实施例所述变频控制系统具体可以包括测控系统和监控系统。 在 PLC程序中调用和调节 PID的参数，处理结果做为加载电机转矩限 幅。 在 1: 1000的速度控制范围内实现从零速到 200%转速的高转矩运转。 即使负载发生快速变化也可以保持一定速度运转。 具有 50Hz的快速响应， 实现拉力脉沖和速度脉沖的试验， 扩展性强， 改变 PLC程序即可满足其它 高精度 、 高要求的试验要求。
参见图 3, 测控系统和监控系统采用 PLC控制器和组态软件以及上位 机完成， 上位机除具有动力控制系统监控功能外， 还具有加载控制的人机 接口， 并具有整个控制系统的监控功能、 故障诊断功能。 所述变频控制系统具体可以形成以 PLC 为主站既与上位机又与传动 装置、远程终端之间采用 CC-LINK协议带 CC-LINK总线的三级网络通讯， 并可以采用触模方式进行控制。所述变频控制系统能实现试验数据的采集、 存储， 试验过程的顺序控制和连续调节控制， 操作人员通过人机接口可进 行人机对话， 修改过程参量和改变设备的运行状态， 监视整个试验过程。 采用总线通讯信息传递迅速， 数据量大大增加， 传输的可靠性提高， 导线 布局清晰筒化， 方便了施工和维护。
本发明实施例所述变频控制系统具有充分的过载能力、 空载、 短路和 接地故障保护。
本发明实施例所述电力测功机的设备安装尺寸较小， 结构紧凑， 初期 投资低； 节能， 能量回馈， 能量回收率 80%以上； 从低速至高速的加载特 性， 与大多数动力机械的动力特性匹配性好。 本发明实施例所述电力测功 机可以实现正反拖动， 双向加载。 正反拖动转换响应快， 变频器控制系统 可以满足各种复杂和高精度的实验要求。
前文所述第一、 第二变频电机 21、 22具体可以采用伺服电机， 前文所 述第一、 第二变频器 11、 12具体可以采用伺服控制器， 控制方式与前文所 述相同， 具体不再详述。
以上所述， 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非对本发明作任何形式 上的限制。 虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上， 然而并非用以限定本发 明。 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员， 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下， 都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变 动和修饰， 或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此， 凡是未脱离本发明技 等同变化及修饰， 均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种电力测功机，其特征在于， 包括机械传动系统和变频控制系统； 所述机械传动系统包括对称布置， 且同向旋转连接， 正、 反互相拖动 两组传动子系统；
每个传动子系统包括变频电机、 减速机或增速机；
两组传动子系统的减速机或增速机分别连接被测试旋转件和陪测试旋 转件； 所述被测试旋转件和陪测试旋转件柔性连接， 同步转动；
所述变频控制系统包括两个变频器， 两个所述变频器分别与两组传动 子系统的变频电机相连， 两个所述变频器之间通过直流母线相连；
所述变频控制系统通过所述变频器对所述变频电机进行闭环控制。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 与两组传动子系 统相连的变频器采用同功率变频器， 分别直接驱动两组传动子系统的同容 量变频电机。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 所述变频控制系 统包括与变频器相连的可编程控制器、与所述可编程控制器相连的上位机。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 所述变频控制系 统包括动力驱动系统和加载控制系统；
动力驱动系统和加载控制系统均采用变频器直接驱动变频电机。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 所述被测试旋转 件的输出轴安装有转速传感器； 所述变频器为直接转矩控制变频器；
所述变频器包括 PID比较控制器， 所述 PID比较控制器对给定速度值 及所述转速传感器采集的转速偏差信号值进行比较和差分， 所述变频器根 据 PID比较控制器的反馈结果， 控制所述变频电机的输出频率。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 安装有所述陪测 试旋转件的传动子系统的变频电机的轴头安装有转矩传感器； 所述变频器 包括 PID比较控制器；
当实际速度达到给定速度值的预定比例时， 加载用的变频电机给定转 矩； 所述 PID比较控制器对所述变频电机给定的转矩给定值及所述转矩传 感器采集的转矩偏差信号值进行比较和差分， 所述变频器根据 PID比较控 制器的反馈结果控制所述变频电机的输出电流和电压。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 所述给定速度值 和 /或， 转矩给定值通过所述上位机设定。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 两个所述变频器 与电网之间均连接有滤波电路。
9、根据权利要求 1至 8任一所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 所述变 频电机采用伺服电机替代， 所述变频器采用伺服控制器替代。
10、 根据权利要求 1至 8任一所述的电力测功机， 其特征在于， 所述 直流母线并联有制动单元， 用于按照预设定的时间， 将所述机械传动系统 制动到零速。
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