WO2013093744A1 - High-pressure press including means for translating and rotating the anvils relative to one another between which high pressure is applied, and associated control device - Google Patents

High-pressure press including means for translating and rotating the anvils relative to one another between which high pressure is applied, and associated control device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013093744A1
WO2013093744A1 PCT/IB2012/057337 IB2012057337W WO2013093744A1 WO 2013093744 A1 WO2013093744 A1 WO 2013093744A1 IB 2012057337 W IB2012057337 W IB 2012057337W WO 2013093744 A1 WO2013093744 A1 WO 2013093744A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
press
anvil
high pressure
housing
anvils
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Application number
PCT/IB2012/057337
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yann Le Godec
Julien PHILIPPE
Frédéric BERGAME
Marc MORAND
Original Assignee
Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique
Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie (Paris 6)
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Application filed by Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie (Paris 6) filed Critical Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique
Publication of WO2013093744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013093744A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/004—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses involving the use of very high pressures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high pressure press comprising two anvils between which the high pressure is applied, as well as an associated control device.
  • the press is capable of providing pressures between several tens of MPa and a few tens of GPa.
  • the invention more specifically relates to a high-pressure press in which the anvils can be translated and turned relative to each other.
  • This part A comprises a first portion A mounted on columns C1, C2 vertical (Z axis).
  • This part A comprises a cylinder body A1 in which is housed a piston A2 for mounting a first anvil O through other parts not referenced.
  • the piston A2 allows the translation, along the longitudinal axis of the columns C1, C2, of these intermediate parts and the anvil O.
  • a pressurization with a hydraulic fluid is performed between the cylinder body A1 and the piston A2.
  • the design of the fixed part A is in accordance with that described in document FR 2,675,425.
  • It also includes a second part B, mounted on the columns C1, C2.
  • Part B comprises a mechanical chain G, F, E, K, M and C for transmitting a rotational movement to the second anvil N.
  • Part G is a geared motor which is mounted on a support L, extending horizontally.
  • the support L is mounted sliding on columns C1, C2.
  • the support L also receives a notched wheel F mounted on the outlet of the gearbox.
  • a belt E is mounted by one of its ends, on the toothed wheel F and, by the other of its ends, on another notched wheel K connected to a gearbox M.
  • the gearbox M rotates housing C of the second anvil N.
  • the gearbox M also rotates the longitudinal part D, the gearbox M being mounted fixed around the longitudinal part D.
  • the part J is also rotated, because it is fixedly mounted relative to the longitudinal piece D.
  • the part H is not rotated, the parts J and H being able to rotate relative to one another by means of the conical rollers I. More generally, the part H is fixedly mounted on the columns C1, C2.
  • the press provides a CO optical encoder mounted on the motor input.
  • the latter is also connected to a control means for controlling its speed of rotation, according to the data provided by the optical encoder.
  • the pressure between the anvils O, N is therefore managed by the pressure of the fluid generating the movement of the piston A2 and the rotational speed of the second anvil N, relative to the first anvil O, is controlled by the optical encoder, on the engine.
  • This press has an interesting design insofar as it makes it possible to obtain information that could not be obtained with a Paris-Edinburgh high-pressure press as proposed in FR 2 675 425. This is linked to the fact that it allows studies of deformation in rotation and / or axial of a sample, whereas the high-pressure press proposed in FR 2 675 425 is limited to studies in axial deformation. Examples of information likely to be obtained with this press are mentioned at the end of the article by Bromiley et al.
  • the slaving of the rotation performed by the optical encoder on the motor leads to significant differences between the angle of rotation that the user wishes to print at the second anvil N and finally, the angle of rotation observed on the samples tested between the two anvils O and N.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a high pressure press having improved performance.
  • the invention proposes a high pressure press acting on two anvils between which the high pressure is established, said press comprising means for translating and rotating said anvils relative to each other and further comprising a housing for an anvil, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the degree of rotation of the housing of the anvil.
  • the press according to the invention may also comprise at least one of the following features, taken alone or in combination:
  • the means for measuring the degree of rotation of the housing of one of the two anvils or the housing of each of the two anvils comprises an optical encoder mounted on the anvil housing and a read head associated with the optical encoder;
  • a support slidably mounted on columns of the press, to ensure the parallelism between the sliding support and the longitudinal axes of the columns;
  • the sliding support is mounted on the columns by means of ball bearings, said bearings making it possible to maintain the parallelism of the axis of rotation of the support sliding around the columns with the longitudinal axes of the columns and consequently the axis of rotation of the anvils;
  • the reading head is fixedly mounted on the upper face of the sliding support
  • the upper face of the sliding support extends substantially in a plane situated above the upper face of the housing, so that the reading head faces the optical encoder;
  • each anvil comprises a cooling circuit, so that the press can also be used at high temperature.
  • the invention also proposes a device for controlling a high-pressure press according to the invention, in which there is provided a control means such as a processor, a plurality of processors or a computer for controlling the rotation speed of an engine belonging to a mechanical chain capable of printing a rotational movement to said anvil, according to the degree of rotation of the housing of the anvil measured by the means dedicated to this measurement.
  • a control means such as a processor, a plurality of processors or a computer for controlling the rotation speed of an engine belonging to a mechanical chain capable of printing a rotational movement to said anvil, according to the degree of rotation of the housing of the anvil measured by the means dedicated to this measurement.
  • This control device may be such that said control means is arranged so as to independently control the speed and / or the direction of rotation of the motor belonging to the mechanical chain capable of imparting a rotational movement to the housing of the anvil concerned, when the press is designed so that each of the two anvils is rotated.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a high-pressure press according to the invention, according to a longitudinal section view in FIG. 2 (a) and in a partial perspective view in FIG. 2 (b);
  • FIG. 3 represents an anvil that can be used in the press shown in FIG. 2, as well as a sample that can be inserted into the anvil;
  • FIG. 4 is a photograph of the press of FIG. 2, at the level of a means for measuring the rotational speed of an anvil of the press, closed cover in FIG. 4 (a) and open cover in FIG. 4 (b);
  • FIG. 5 represents a cooling circuit intended to be installed in the anvil in order to carry out studies at high temperature
  • Figures 6 (a) to 6 (d) show different modes of operation of the press shown in Figure 2.
  • the press 100 comprises an upper part S and a lower part I (FIG. 2 (a)).
  • the lower part I of the press 100 comprises a base 23 fixedly mounted on columns 9a, 9b vertical. These columns serve in particular to support the weight of the press 100.
  • the base 23 comprises a cylinder body 24 in which is housed a piston 25.
  • the cylinder body 24 is similar to that proposed in the document FR 2 675 425.
  • the piston 25 can be displaced in translation, parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b. For this purpose, it is conceivable to bring a fluid under pressure under the piston 25 into the cylinder body 24 (the fluid supply system is not shown in the accompanying figures).
  • the upper part S of the press has a different design, which allows no translation along the vertical columns 9a, 9b.
  • the part 8 is fixedly mounted relative to the columns 9a, 9b.
  • the piston 25 transmits the force exerted on it to a spherical abutment 2 mounted on rollers.
  • the ball bearing 2 transmits this force to a conical part 3, which itself transfers this force to the longitudinal part 5 at the upper end of which is mounted a support seat 6 for an anvil 7.
  • the anvil 7 is intended to receive an ECH sample (FIG. 3).
  • the width of an anvil is about 70mm and the width l 2 of a sample is about 10mm.
  • the press 100 also provides means for rotating the anvil 7 about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
  • the lower part I of the press 100 comprises a rotary motor 20 linked to a gearbox 19.
  • the geared motor assembly 19, 20 is fixedly mounted on a part 18, said engine support part, which is intended to support the weight of the geared motor assembly.
  • the engine support part 18 is fixedly mounted on another support 21.
  • This other support is a sliding support 21 which is mounted in translation on the columns 9a, 9b of the press 100.
  • the support 21 being slidably mounted, it remains parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
  • the geared motor assembly 19, 20, the motor support part 18 and the sliding support 21 are capable of translating along the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b via the sliding support 21.
  • the output of the gearbox 19 is mounted on a first gear 15 which meshes with a toothed belt 16.
  • the toothed wheel 15 is mounted on a ball bearing 17.
  • the toothed belt 16 is also mounted at its other end on a second toothed wheel 14.
  • the second gearwheel 14 is mechanically connected to a gearbox 13, by a first end (input). At its other end (output), the gearbox 13 drives a housing 10, housing both the seat 6 of the anvil and the anvil 7 itself. It should be noted that housing 10 advantageously has a hexagonal footprint, the seat 6 and the anvil 7 also having a hexagonal shape.
  • the longitudinal member 5 is mounted freely in the toothed wheel 14 and the gearbox 3. It is, however, rotated by friction with the anvil seat 6 and the anvil 7. In addition, the longitudinal part 5 transmits this rotational movement to the conical part 3, which is mounted on the longitudinal part 5.
  • the swivel stop 2 allows the relative rotation between the conical part 3 and the part 1, the latter therefore being able to be displaced only in translation under the effect of the force exerted by the piston 25.
  • the sliding support 21 is advantageously mounted on a ball bearing 22.
  • the ball bearing 22 also makes it possible to maintain the axis of rotation of the support 21 and consequently of the anvils, parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b of the press 100, despite the forces exerted on the sliding support 21.
  • annular pieces 24a, 24b ( Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b)) surrounding the columns 9a, 9b are provided between said columns and the sliding support 21, to improve the translation of the sliding support 21 along the columns of the press 100.
  • These annular parts 24a, 24b can be made of nylon.
  • the press 100 comprises means for measuring the degree of rotation of the anvil 7.
  • these means comprise an optical encoder 12 and a read head 1 for this encoder 12.
  • the optical encoder 12 is disposed at the housing 10 of the anvil 7.
  • the read head 1 1 is fixed mounted on the sliding support 21, itself fixedly mounted on the engine support 18.
  • FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) more precisely represent the positioning of the optical encoder 12 and its reading head 11, covers 110, 120 closed in FIG. 4 (a) and covers removed in FIG. ).
  • FIG. 4 (a) the respective covers 11, 120 of the read head 11 and the optical encoder 12 are thus observed and in FIG. 4 (b) the read head 11 and the optical encoder 12 directly.
  • the upper face of the cover 120 of the optical encoder 12 can be likened to the upper face 10a of the housing 10.
  • the optical encoder 12 is advantageously in the form of a ring, located at the upper end of the anvil housing 7.
  • the optical encoder 12 is rotated by the motor 20, because it is mounted in the housing 10. However, this is not the case of the read head 11, which is mounted on the sliding support 21. A relative rotation between the optical encoder 12 and its read head 1 1 is possible.
  • the measurement made by the optical encoder 12 and its read head 11 is then transmitted, via a control device (not shown) to the motor 20.
  • This control device comprises a processing software implemented by a processor or multiple processors or by a computer.
  • the looping thus carried out by the control device makes it possible to adapt the speed of rotation of the motor 20 according to the desired degree of rotation at the level of the anvil 7. To do this, it is understood that the housing 10 is modified, relative to the housing C of Figure 1 (prior art), to accommodate the optical encoder 12.
  • the sliding support 21 also has a modified shape, with respect to the support L of FIG. 1, making it possible to arrange the reading head 11 vis-à-vis the optical encoder 12.
  • the upper face 21a of the support sliding 21 extends in a plane located above the upper face 10a of the housing 10, so that the read head 1 1 is vis-à-vis the optical encoder 12. This is not the case of the support L of Figure 1, which is maintained in the vicinity of the base of the longitudinal piece D.
  • This sliding support 21 makes it possible to insert the ball bearings 22 ensuring the parallelism of the axis of rotation of the anvils with respect to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
  • This design is particularly advantageous because it allows a control of the degree of rotation of the anvil with improved accuracy, compared to known presses.
  • the press 100 also provides a cooling circuit 70 in the anvils collar, in which a refrigerant can flow from an external source (not shown) to said press.
  • the cooling circuit is for example shown in FIG.
  • This cooling circuit 70 makes it possible to conduct experiments at high temperature. By high temperature, it is necessary to understand temperatures up to 2500K, known presses do not generally allow to exceed temperatures of 1500K. The press 100 thus allows the conduct of tests on samples under the combined conditions of high pressure and high temperature.
  • Press 100 shown in support of Figure 2 allows to perform many movements between the two anvils. This is particularly the case when the upper part S and the lower part I of the press 100 are controlled independently of one another.
  • Figures 6 (a) to 6 (d) show some examples of possible modes of operation with the press 100 according to the invention.
  • an axial translation of the anvil 7 is provided to apply the high pressure between the anvils 7, 7 '.
  • FIG. 6 (a) represents a first possible mode of operation for the press 100.
  • FIG. 6 (b) represents a second possible mode of operation for the press 100.
  • the press 100 allows studies in X-ray tomography (by absorption or diffraction) or neutron sampling of the high pressure sample coupled, possibly, at a high temperature.
  • the press 100 then also allows X-ray or neutron diffraction studies on a single-crystal sample, under high pressure possibly coupled with the high temperature, to access more Bragg reflections, compared to known presses.
  • FIG. 6 (c) represents a third possible mode of operation for the press 100.
  • the high pressure is applied between the two anvils. Furthermore an anvil is rotated in a first direction of rotation (F1) while the other anvil (F2) is rotated in the opposite direction.
  • This mode of operation is particularly advantageous for carrying out studies in rheology, in particular under high pressure and high temperature.
  • FIG. 6 (d) represents a fourth possible mode of operation for the press 100.
  • a first step is to use the operating mode described in support of Figure 6 (a). Deformation of the sample, for example plastic, is thus performed.
  • the invention therefore provides a control device in which a control means such as a processor is provided. , a plurality of processors or a computer, for controlling the rotational speed of the motor 20.
  • a control means such as a processor
  • a plurality of processors or a computer for controlling the rotational speed of the motor 20.
  • this control device thus makes it possible to print a rotational movement at the anvil 7, as a function of the degree of rotation of the housing 10 of the anvil 7 which is measured by means 1 1, 12 dedicated to this measurement.
  • this control device allows independent control of the speed and / or direction of rotation of the motor associated with each anvil 7, T.
  • the main limiting factor of the press prototype is the gearbox 13.
  • the gearbox 13 has a maximum torque of 892N.m (type SHG-32-160-2UH). company Harmonie Drive).
  • this maximum torque makes it possible to calculate the maximum load that can be applied to the anvils. Indeed, with a simple calculation performed on the swivel stop 2 (type 29414E of SKF), it can be deduced that the maximum load associated with the maximum torque mentioned above is 93.8 tons. This means that the fluid pressure supplied to the piston 25 is adjusted so that the latter does not generate more than this maximum load.
  • the gearbox 13 used in the prototype has a speed reduction ratio (output / input) of 160 and a low speed output (which is the case in the use which in is made), 60%. It follows that the input torque of the gearbox 13 must be 9.3N.m to generate the maximum torque of 892N.m output of said gearbox.
  • the input of the gearbox 13 is mounted on the toothed wheel 14, which has 20 teeth (type RPP5 from HPC).
  • the toothed wheel 14 is connected to the other toothed wheel 15 which has 60 teeth (type RPP5 of the company HPC) via the toothed belt 16 (HPP type RPP5 / 565/25).
  • the assembly formed by the two toothed wheels 14, 15 and the toothed belt 16 offers a reduction ratio of 3 and a yield of 80%. Therefore, the output of the gearbox 19 must be able to provide a torque of 3.875Nm to obtain the maximum torque of 892N.m at the output of the gearbox 13.
  • the geared motor assembly 19, 20 implemented in the prototype is composed of a motor 20 capable of providing a maximum torque of 197.8N.m (type 4490H024-K1 155 from Faulhaber) and a gearbox 19 whose reduction ratio is 10 with a yield of 65% (type 52 / 2S100 of the company Faulhaber).
  • the geared motor assembly 19, 20 chosen for the prototype is capable of providing, at the output of the gearbox 19, a maximum torque of 12.857N.m, which is clearly greater than the 3.875N.m previously mentioned.
  • the prototype implemented provides an optical encoder 12 having a resolution of 21,600 positions / revolution, namely 0.0167 °, is used (type RS 142/120/5400 of the company Numerik Jena).
  • This optical encoder 12 is associated with a read head 1 1 adapted (type RIK4-2C 142/5400 KO-WZ from Numerik Jena).
  • the prototype makes it possible to rotate 360 ° anvils, at maximum torque, in less than 10 minutes. An experiment can be conducted quickly and accurately.
  • the press prototype that has been manufactured can be disassembled quickly, typically in about twenty minutes, and can therefore be moved easily.
  • the sizing of the press according to the invention may change depending on the pressure and temperature conditions required between the anvils.
  • the invention is not limited to a press comprising two symmetrical parts, each capable of rotating an anvil 7, T associated, as shown in all of the accompanying figures.
  • the press shown in the appended figures has a particularly advantageous design because it allows, in use, to have access to modes of operation not conceivable to date, such as those described in support of Figures 6 (b), 6 (c) or 6 (d) .
  • the invention also covers a press of which only one of the two anvils is able to undergo rotational movement, insofar as this press comprises at least one of the proposed improvements, for example the more precise measurement of the degree rotation of the anvil.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-pressure press (100) acting on two anvils (7, 7') between which high pressure is established. The press includes means for translating and rotating said anvils relative to one another and further comprises a cavity (10) for at least one anvil (7). The invention is characterized in that same includes means (11, 12) for measuring the degree of rotation of the cavity (10) for the anvil (7).

Description

PRESSE HAUTE PRESSION COMPRENANT DES MOYENS POUR TRANSLATER ET TOURNER L'UNE PAR RAPPORT A L'AUTRE LES ENCLUMES ENTRE LESQUELLES LA HAUTE PRESSION EST APPLIQUEE ET DISPOSITIF DE COMMANDE ASSOCIE.  HIGH PRESSURE PRESS COMPRISING MEANS FOR TRANSLATING AND ROTATING IN RELATION TO THE OTHER ENCLUENTS BETWEEN WHICH HIGH PRESSURE IS APPLIED AND ASSOCIATED CONTROL DEVICE.
L'invention concerne une presse à haute pression comportant deux enclumes entre lesquelles est appliquée la haute pression, ainsi qu'un dispositif de commande associé. The invention relates to a high pressure press comprising two anvils between which the high pressure is applied, as well as an associated control device.
Par haute pression, il convient de comprendre que la presse est capable de fournir des pressions comprises entre plusieurs dizaines de MPa et quelques dizaines de GPa.  By high pressure, it should be understood that the press is capable of providing pressures between several tens of MPa and a few tens of GPa.
L'invention concerne plus précisément une presse à haute pression dans laquelle les enclumes peuvent être translatées et tournées l'une par rapport à l'autre.  The invention more specifically relates to a high-pressure press in which the anvils can be translated and turned relative to each other.
Une telle presse a déjà été proposée dans l'article « A portable high-pressure stress cell based on the V7 Paris-Edinburgh apparatus », Bromiley & al., High Pressure Research, vol. 29 (2), June 2009, pp. 306-316.  Such a press has already been proposed in the article "A portable high-pressure stress cell based on the V7 Paris-Edinburgh apparatus", Bromiley et al., High Pressure Research, vol. 29 (2), June 2009, pp. 306-316.
La presse proposée dans cet article est schématisée, en vue de coupe, sur la figure 1.  The press proposed in this article is shown schematically, in sectional view, in FIG.
Elle comprend une première partie A montée sur des colonnes C1 , C2 verticales (axe Z). Cette partie A comporte un corps de vérin A1 dans lequel est logé un piston A2 permettant le montage d'une première enclume O par l'intermédiaire d'autres pièces non référencées. Le piston A2 permet la translation, selon l'axe longitudinal des colonnes C1 , C2, de ces pièces intermédiaires et de l'enclume O. Pour cela, une mise sous pression avec un fluide hydraulique est effectuée entre le corps de vérin A1 et le piston A2. Plus généralement, la conception de la partie fixe A est conforme à celle qui est décrite dans le document FR 2 675 425.  It comprises a first portion A mounted on columns C1, C2 vertical (Z axis). This part A comprises a cylinder body A1 in which is housed a piston A2 for mounting a first anvil O through other parts not referenced. The piston A2 allows the translation, along the longitudinal axis of the columns C1, C2, of these intermediate parts and the anvil O. For this, a pressurization with a hydraulic fluid is performed between the cylinder body A1 and the piston A2. More generally, the design of the fixed part A is in accordance with that described in document FR 2,675,425.
Elle comprend également une deuxième partie B, montée sur les colonnes C1 , C2.  It also includes a second part B, mounted on the columns C1, C2.
La partie B comprend une chaîne mécanique G, F, E, K, M et C permettant de transmettre un mouvement de rotation à la deuxième enclume N.  Part B comprises a mechanical chain G, F, E, K, M and C for transmitting a rotational movement to the second anvil N.
La pièce G est un moto-réducteur qui est monté sur un support L, s'étendant horizontalement. Le support L est quant à lui monté glissant sur les colonnes C1 , C2. Le support L reçoit également une roue crantée F montée sur la sortie du réducteur. Une courroie E est montée par l'une de ses extrémités, sur la roue crantée F et, par l'autre de ses extrémités, sur une autre roue crantée K reliée à une boîte de vitesses M. La boîte de vitesses M entraîne en rotation le logement C de la deuxième enclume N. Part G is a geared motor which is mounted on a support L, extending horizontally. The support L is mounted sliding on columns C1, C2. The support L also receives a notched wheel F mounted on the outlet of the gearbox. A belt E is mounted by one of its ends, on the toothed wheel F and, by the other of its ends, on another notched wheel K connected to a gearbox M. The gearbox M rotates housing C of the second anvil N.
La boîte de vitesses M entraîne également en rotation la pièce longitudinale D, la boîte de vitesses M étant montée fixe autour de la pièce longitudinale D. La pièce J est également entraînée en rotation, du fait qu'elle est montée fixe par rapport à la pièce longitudinale D.  The gearbox M also rotates the longitudinal part D, the gearbox M being mounted fixed around the longitudinal part D. The part J is also rotated, because it is fixedly mounted relative to the longitudinal piece D.
La pièce H n'est en revanche pas entraînée en rotation, les pièces J et H pouvant tourner l'une par rapport à l'autre par l'intermédiaire des rouleaux coniques I. Plus généralement, la pièce H est montée fixe sur les colonnes C1 , C2.  The part H, on the other hand, is not rotated, the parts J and H being able to rotate relative to one another by means of the conical rollers I. More generally, the part H is fixedly mounted on the columns C1, C2.
La presse prévoit un codeur optique CO monté sur l'entrée du moteur. Ce dernier est par ailleurs relié à un moyen de commande permettant d'asservir sa vitesse de rotation, en fonction des données fournies par le codeur optique.  The press provides a CO optical encoder mounted on the motor input. The latter is also connected to a control means for controlling its speed of rotation, according to the data provided by the optical encoder.
La pression entre les enclumes O, N est donc gérée par la pression du fluide générant le déplacement du piston A2 et la vitesse de rotation de la deuxième enclume N, par rapport à la première enclume O, est asservie par le codeur optique, sur le moteur.  The pressure between the anvils O, N is therefore managed by the pressure of the fluid generating the movement of the piston A2 and the rotational speed of the second anvil N, relative to the first anvil O, is controlled by the optical encoder, on the engine.
Cette presse présente une conception intéressante dans la mesure où elle permet d'obtenir des informations qui ne pourraient pas être obtenues avec une presse haute pression Paris-Edinburgh telle que proposée dans FR 2 675 425. Ceci est lié au fait qu'elle permet des études de déformation en rotation et/ou axiale d'un échantillon, alors que la presse haute pression proposée dans FR 2 675 425 est limitée aux études en déformation axiale. Des exemples d'informations susceptibles d'être obtenues avec cette presse sont mentionnés à la fin de l'article de Bromiley & al.  This press has an interesting design insofar as it makes it possible to obtain information that could not be obtained with a Paris-Edinburgh high-pressure press as proposed in FR 2 675 425. This is linked to the fact that it allows studies of deformation in rotation and / or axial of a sample, whereas the high-pressure press proposed in FR 2 675 425 is limited to studies in axial deformation. Examples of information likely to be obtained with this press are mentioned at the end of the article by Bromiley et al.
Cependant, le Demandeur a constaté que la presse proposée par Bromiley & al. présentait plusieurs inconvénients.  However, the Applicant has found that the press proposed by Bromiley & al. had several disadvantages.
L'asservissement de la rotation effectué par le codeur optique sur le moteur conduit à des écarts significatifs entre l'angle de rotation que l'utilisateur souhaite imprimer à la deuxième enclume N et finalement, l'angle de rotation observé sur les échantillons testés entre les deux enclumes O et N. The slaving of the rotation performed by the optical encoder on the motor leads to significant differences between the angle of rotation that the user wishes to print at the second anvil N and finally, the angle of rotation observed on the samples tested between the two anvils O and N.
De plus, de nombreuses expériences conduites avec cette presse, notamment dans des conditions combinées de haute pression et de haute température, conduisent à la destruction de l'échantillon testé.  In addition, many experiments conducted with this press, especially under combined conditions of high pressure and high temperature, lead to the destruction of the sample tested.
En outre, le niveau de température auquel les expériences peuvent être menées est limité.  In addition, the temperature level at which experiments can be conducted is limited.
Enfin, si cette presse permet d'aller au-delà des capacités de la presse Paris-Edinburgh divulguée dans le document FR 2 675 425, elle reste, de par sa conception, limitée aux études de déformation angulaire et/ou axiale d'un échantillon disposé entre les enclumes.  Finally, if this press makes it possible to go beyond the capacities of the Paris-Edinburgh press disclosed in the document FR 2 675 425, it remains, by its design, limited to the studies of angular and / or axial deformation of a sample disposed between the anvils.
Un objectif de l'invention est de proposer une presse à haute pression présentant des performances améliorées.  An object of the invention is to provide a high pressure press having improved performance.
A cet effet, l'invention propose une presse haute pression agissant sur deux enclumes entre lesquelles est établie la haute pression, ladite presse comprenant des moyens pour translater et tourner lesdites enclumes l'une par rapport à l'autre et comportant par ailleurs un logement pour une enclume, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens pour mesurer le degré de rotation du logement de l'enclume.  For this purpose, the invention proposes a high pressure press acting on two anvils between which the high pressure is established, said press comprising means for translating and rotating said anvils relative to each other and further comprising a housing for an anvil, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the degree of rotation of the housing of the anvil.
La presse selon l'invention pourra également comprendre l'une au moins des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison : The press according to the invention may also comprise at least one of the following features, taken alone or in combination:
- il est prévu des moyens pour tourner les deux enclumes, un autre logement pour l'autre enclume ainsi que des moyens pour mesurer le degré de rotation dudit un autre logement de ladite autre enclume ; - There are provided means for rotating the two anvils, another housing for the other anvil and means for measuring the degree of rotation of said another housing of said other anvil;
- les moyens pour mesurer le degré de rotation du logement de l'une des deux enclumes ou du logement de chacune des deux enclumes comprennent un codeur optique monté sur le logement d'enclume et une tête de lecture associée au codeur optique ; - The means for measuring the degree of rotation of the housing of one of the two anvils or the housing of each of the two anvils comprises an optical encoder mounted on the anvil housing and a read head associated with the optical encoder;
- il est prévu un support monté glissant sur des colonnes de la presse, pour assurer le parallélisme entre le support glissant et les axes longitudinaux des colonnes ;  - There is provided a support slidably mounted on columns of the press, to ensure the parallelism between the sliding support and the longitudinal axes of the columns;
- le support glissant est monté sur les colonnes par l'intermédiaire de roulements à billes, lesdits roulements permettant de maintenir le parallélisme de l'axe de rotation du support glissant autour des colonnes avec les axes longitudinaux des colonnes et par suite, de l'axe de rotation des enclumes ; the sliding support is mounted on the columns by means of ball bearings, said bearings making it possible to maintain the parallelism of the axis of rotation of the support sliding around the columns with the longitudinal axes of the columns and consequently the axis of rotation of the anvils;
- il est prévu une pluralité de pièces annulaires chacune disposée autour d'une colonne de la presse, entre cette colonne et le support glissant, pour améliorer la translation du support glissant le long des colonnes ;  - There is provided a plurality of annular pieces each disposed around a column of the press, between this column and the sliding support, to improve the translation of the support sliding along the columns;
- la tête de lecture est montée fixe sur la face supérieure du support glissant ; the reading head is fixedly mounted on the upper face of the sliding support;
- la face supérieure du support glissant s'étend sensiblement dans un plan situé au-dessus de la face supérieure du logement, afin que la tête de lecture soit en vis-à-vis du codeur optique ; the upper face of the sliding support extends substantially in a plane situated above the upper face of the housing, so that the reading head faces the optical encoder;
- chaque enclume comprend un circuit de refroidissement, de sorte que la presse puisse également être utilisée à haute température.  each anvil comprises a cooling circuit, so that the press can also be used at high temperature.
A cet effet, l'invention propose également un dispositif de commande d'une presse haute pression selon l'invention, dans lequel il est prévu un moyen de commande tel qu'un processeur, une pluralité de processeurs ou un ordinateur, pour contrôler la vitesse de rotation d'un moteur appartenant à une chaîne mécanique apte à imprimer un mouvement de rotation à ladite enclume, en fonction du degré de rotation du logement de l'enclume mesuré par les moyens dédiés à cette mesure.  For this purpose, the invention also proposes a device for controlling a high-pressure press according to the invention, in which there is provided a control means such as a processor, a plurality of processors or a computer for controlling the rotation speed of an engine belonging to a mechanical chain capable of printing a rotational movement to said anvil, according to the degree of rotation of the housing of the anvil measured by the means dedicated to this measurement.
Ce dispositif de commande pourra être tel que ledit moyen de commande est agencé de sorte à contrôler de façon indépendante la vitesse et/ou le sens de rotation du moteur appartenant à la chaîne mécanique apte à imprimer un mouvement de rotation au logement de l'enclume concernée, lorsque la presse est conçue pour que chacune des deux enclumes soit mise en rotation.  This control device may be such that said control means is arranged so as to independently control the speed and / or the direction of rotation of the motor belonging to the mechanical chain capable of imparting a rotational movement to the housing of the anvil concerned, when the press is designed so that each of the two anvils is rotated.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit et qui est faite au regard des figures annexées, sur lesquelles :  The invention will be better understood and other objects, advantages and characteristics thereof will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows and which is made with reference to the appended figures, in which:
- la figure 2 est un exemple de réalisation d'une presse à haute pression conforme à l'invention, selon une vue de coupe longitudinale sur la figure 2(a) et selon une vue en perspective partielle sur la figure 2(b) ; la figure 3 représente une enclume susceptible d'être utilisée dans la presse représentée sur la figure 2, ainsi qu'un échantillon susceptible d'être inséré dans l'enclume ; FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a high-pressure press according to the invention, according to a longitudinal section view in FIG. 2 (a) and in a partial perspective view in FIG. 2 (b); FIG. 3 represents an anvil that can be used in the press shown in FIG. 2, as well as a sample that can be inserted into the anvil;
la figure 4 est une photographie de la presse de la figure 2, au niveau d'un moyen de mesure de la vitesse de rotation d'une enclume de la presse, capot fermé sur la figure 4(a) et capot ouvert sur la figure 4(b) ;  FIG. 4 is a photograph of the press of FIG. 2, at the level of a means for measuring the rotational speed of an anvil of the press, closed cover in FIG. 4 (a) and open cover in FIG. 4 (b);
la figure 5 représente un circuit de refroidissement destiné à être installé dans l'enclume afin d'effectuer des études à haute température ;  FIG. 5 represents a cooling circuit intended to be installed in the anvil in order to carry out studies at high temperature;
les figures 6(a) à 6(d) représentent différents modes de fonctionnement de la presse représentée sur la figure 2.  Figures 6 (a) to 6 (d) show different modes of operation of the press shown in Figure 2.
La presse 100 comprend une partie supérieure S et une partie inférieure I (figure 2(a)).  The press 100 comprises an upper part S and a lower part I (FIG. 2 (a)).
La partie inférieure I de la presse 100 comprend une base 23 montée fixe sur des colonnes 9a, 9b verticales. Ces colonnes servent notamment à supporter le poids de la presse 100. La base 23 comporte un corps de vérin 24 dans lequel est logé un piston 25. Avantageusement, le corps de vérin 24 est similaire à celui qui est proposé dans le document FR 2 675 425.  The lower part I of the press 100 comprises a base 23 fixedly mounted on columns 9a, 9b vertical. These columns serve in particular to support the weight of the press 100. The base 23 comprises a cylinder body 24 in which is housed a piston 25. Advantageously, the cylinder body 24 is similar to that proposed in the document FR 2 675 425.
Le piston 25 peut être déplacé en translation, parallèlement aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b. A cet effet, on peut envisager d'amener un fluide sous pression sous le piston 25, dans le corps de vérin 24 (le système d'alimentation en fluide n'est pas représenté sur les figures annexées).  The piston 25 can be displaced in translation, parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b. For this purpose, it is conceivable to bring a fluid under pressure under the piston 25 into the cylinder body 24 (the fluid supply system is not shown in the accompanying figures).
La partie supérieure S de la presse présente une conception différente, qui n'autorise aucune translation le long des colonnes verticales 9a, 9b. Par exemple, la pièce 8 est montée fixe par rapport aux colonnes 9a, 9b.  The upper part S of the press has a different design, which allows no translation along the vertical columns 9a, 9b. For example, the part 8 is fixedly mounted relative to the columns 9a, 9b.
Dans la suite, nous nous limiterons à la description de la partie inférieure I de la presse 100, dans la mesure où nous allons décrire des pièces que la partie supérieure S de la presse 100 comprend également.  In the following, we will limit ourselves to the description of the lower part I of the press 100, insofar as we will describe parts that the upper part S of the press 100 also comprises.
Le piston 25 transmet la force qui lui est exercée à une butée à rotule 2, montée sur rouleaux. La butée à rotule 2 transmet cette force à une pièce conique 3, qui transfère elle-même cette force à la pièce longitudinale 5 à l'extrémité supérieure de laquelle est monté un siège support 6 pour une enclume 7. The piston 25 transmits the force exerted on it to a spherical abutment 2 mounted on rollers. The ball bearing 2 transmits this force to a conical part 3, which itself transfers this force to the longitudinal part 5 at the upper end of which is mounted a support seat 6 for an anvil 7.
L'enclume 7 est destinée à recevoir un échantillon ECH (figure 3). Typiquement, la largeur d'une enclume est d'environ 70mm et la largeur l2 d'un échantillon est d'environ 10mm. The anvil 7 is intended to receive an ECH sample (FIG. 3). Typically, the width of an anvil is about 70mm and the width l 2 of a sample is about 10mm.
Les différentes pièces 25, 1 , 2, 3, 5 et 6 permettent ainsi de translater l'enclume 7 parallèlement aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b.  The various parts 25, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 thus make it possible to translate the anvil 7 parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
La presse 100 prévoit également des moyens pour assurer une rotation de l'enclume 7 autour d'un axe parallèle aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b.  The press 100 also provides means for rotating the anvil 7 about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
A cet effet, la partie inférieure I de la presse 100 comprend un moteur 20 rotatif lié à un réducteur 19. L'ensemble moto-réducteur 19, 20 est monté fixe sur une pièce 18 dite pièce de support moteur qui vise à supporter le poids de l'ensemble moto-réducteur. La pièce de support moteur 18 est montée fixe sur un autre support 21 .  For this purpose, the lower part I of the press 100 comprises a rotary motor 20 linked to a gearbox 19. The geared motor assembly 19, 20 is fixedly mounted on a part 18, said engine support part, which is intended to support the weight of the geared motor assembly. The engine support part 18 is fixedly mounted on another support 21.
Cet autre support est un support glissant 21 qui est monté en translation sur les colonnes 9a, 9b de la presse 100. Le support 21 étant monté glissant, celui-ci reste parallèle aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b.  This other support is a sliding support 21 which is mounted in translation on the columns 9a, 9b of the press 100. The support 21 being slidably mounted, it remains parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
On comprend donc que l'ensemble moto-réducteur 19, 20, la pièce de support moteur 18 et le support glissant 21 sont capables de translater le long des axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b par l'intermédiaire du support glissant 21.  It is therefore understood that the geared motor assembly 19, 20, the motor support part 18 and the sliding support 21 are capable of translating along the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b via the sliding support 21.
Par ailleurs, la sortie du réducteur 19 est montée sur une première roue dentée 15 qui s'engrène avec une courroie crantée 16. A cet effet, la roue dentée 15 est montée sur un roulement à billes 17.  Moreover, the output of the gearbox 19 is mounted on a first gear 15 which meshes with a toothed belt 16. For this purpose, the toothed wheel 15 is mounted on a ball bearing 17.
La courroie crantée 16 est par ailleurs montée, à son autre extrémité, sur une deuxième roue dentée 14.  The toothed belt 16 is also mounted at its other end on a second toothed wheel 14.
La deuxième roue dentée 14 est connectée mécaniquement à une boîte de vitesses 13, par une première extrémité (entrée). A son autre extrémité (sortie), la boîte de vitesses 13 entraîne un logement 10, logeant à la fois le siège 6 de l'enclume et l'enclume 7 elle-même. Il convient de noter que le logement 10 possède avantageusement une empreinte hexagonale, le siège 6 et l'enclume 7 présentant également une forme hexagonale. The second gearwheel 14 is mechanically connected to a gearbox 13, by a first end (input). At its other end (output), the gearbox 13 drives a housing 10, housing both the seat 6 of the anvil and the anvil 7 itself. It should be noted that housing 10 advantageously has a hexagonal footprint, the seat 6 and the anvil 7 also having a hexagonal shape.
On comprend donc que le mouvement de rotation imprimé par le moteur 20 est transmis jusqu'à l'enclume 7.  It is therefore understood that the rotational movement printed by the motor 20 is transmitted to the anvil 7.
La pièce longitudinale 5 est montée libre dans la roue dentée 14 et la boîte de vitesses 3. Elle est cependant entraînée en rotation par effet de friction avec le siège d'enclume 6 et l'enclume 7. De plus, la pièce longitudinale 5 transmet ce mouvement de rotation à la pièce conique 3, qui est montée sur la pièce longitudinale 5.  The longitudinal member 5 is mounted freely in the toothed wheel 14 and the gearbox 3. It is, however, rotated by friction with the anvil seat 6 and the anvil 7. In addition, the longitudinal part 5 transmits this rotational movement to the conical part 3, which is mounted on the longitudinal part 5.
La butée à rotule 2 autorise en revanche la rotation relative entre la pièce conique 3 et la pièce 1 , cette dernière ne pouvant donc n'être déplacée qu'en translation sous l'effet de la force exercée par le piston 25.  On the other hand, the swivel stop 2 allows the relative rotation between the conical part 3 and the part 1, the latter therefore being able to be displaced only in translation under the effect of the force exerted by the piston 25.
Le support glissant 21 est avantageusement monté sur un roulement à billes 22.  The sliding support 21 is advantageously mounted on a ball bearing 22.
Le roulement à billes 22 permet par ailleurs de maintenir l'axe de rotation du support 21 et par suite, des enclumes, parallèlement aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b de la presse 100, malgré les efforts exercés sur le support glissant 21 .  The ball bearing 22 also makes it possible to maintain the axis of rotation of the support 21 and consequently of the anvils, parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b of the press 100, despite the forces exerted on the sliding support 21.
On comprend que la co-axialité des deux enclumes est ainsi maintenue.  It is understood that the co-axiality of the two anvils is thus maintained.
De ce fait, on s'assure que l'axe de rotation des roues dentées 14, 15, de la courroie crantée 16, de la boîte de vitesses 13, du logement 10 et finalement de l'enclume 7 reste parallèle aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b. On limite ainsi les risques d'explosion de l'échantillon destiné à être disposé dans l'enclume 7, lequel ferait suite à un désalignement des axes de rotation respectifs des deux enclumes.  Therefore, it is ensured that the axis of rotation of the toothed wheels 14, 15, the toothed belt 16, the gearbox 13, the housing 10 and finally the anvil 7 remains parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b. This limits the risk of explosion of the sample intended to be disposed in the anvil 7, which would follow a misalignment of the respective axes of rotation of the two anvils.
Par ailleurs, des pièces annulaires 24a, 24b (figures 4(a) et 4(b)) entourant les colonnes 9a, 9b sont prévues entre lesdites colonnes et le support glissant 21 , pour améliorer la translation du support glissant 21 le long des colonnes de la presse 100. Ces pièces annulaires 24a, 24b peuvent être réalisées en nylon.  Furthermore, annular pieces 24a, 24b (Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b)) surrounding the columns 9a, 9b are provided between said columns and the sliding support 21, to improve the translation of the sliding support 21 along the columns of the press 100. These annular parts 24a, 24b can be made of nylon.
Une telle conception n'est pas envisagée par les presses connues. Par ailleurs, la presse 100 comprend des moyens pour mesurer le degré de rotation de l'enclume 7. Such a design is not envisaged by known presses. Furthermore, the press 100 comprises means for measuring the degree of rotation of the anvil 7.
Avantageusement, ces moyens comprennent un codeur optique 12 et une tête de lecture 1 pour ce codeur 12. Le codeur optique 12 est disposé au niveau du logement 10 de l'enclume 7. Quant à elle, la tête de lecture 1 1 est montée fixe sur le support glissant 21 , lui-même monté fixe sur le support moteur 18.  Advantageously, these means comprise an optical encoder 12 and a read head 1 for this encoder 12. The optical encoder 12 is disposed at the housing 10 of the anvil 7. As for it, the read head 1 1 is fixed mounted on the sliding support 21, itself fixedly mounted on the engine support 18.
Les figures 4(a) et 4(b) représentent plus précisément le positionnement du codeur optique 12 et de sa tête de lecture 1 1 , capots 110, 120 fermés sur la figure 4(a) et capots retirés sur la figure 4(b). Sur la figure 4(a), on observe ainsi les capots 1 10, 120 respectifs de la tête de lecture 1 1 et du codeur optique 12 et sur la figure 4(b), la tête de lecture 1 1 et le codeur optique 12 directement. La face supérieure du capot 120 du codeur optique 12 peut être assimilée à la face supérieure 10a du logement 10.  FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) more precisely represent the positioning of the optical encoder 12 and its reading head 11, covers 110, 120 closed in FIG. 4 (a) and covers removed in FIG. ). In FIG. 4 (a), the respective covers 11, 120 of the read head 11 and the optical encoder 12 are thus observed and in FIG. 4 (b) the read head 11 and the optical encoder 12 directly. The upper face of the cover 120 of the optical encoder 12 can be likened to the upper face 10a of the housing 10.
Le codeur optique 12 se présente avantageusement sous la forme d'un anneau, situé au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure du logement 10 d'enclume 7. Le codeur optique 12 est entraîné en rotation par le moteur 20, du fait qu'il est monté dans le logement 10. Ce n'est en revanche pas le cas de la tête de lecture 11 , qui est montée sur le support glissant 21. Une rotation relative entre le codeur optique 12 et sa tête de lecture 1 1 est donc possible.  The optical encoder 12 is advantageously in the form of a ring, located at the upper end of the anvil housing 7. The optical encoder 12 is rotated by the motor 20, because it is mounted in the housing 10. However, this is not the case of the read head 11, which is mounted on the sliding support 21. A relative rotation between the optical encoder 12 and its read head 1 1 is possible.
On mesure ainsi le degré de rotation du logement 10, lequel correspond exactement au degré de rotation de l'enclume 7. Du fait de ce montage, la mesure effectuée par le codeur optique 12 et sa tête de lecture 1 1 est représentative du degré de rotation réel de l'enclume 7.  This measures the degree of rotation of the housing 10, which corresponds exactly to the degree of rotation of the anvil 7. Due to this arrangement, the measurement made by the optical encoder 12 and its read head 11 is representative of the degree of actual rotation of the anvil 7.
La mesure effectuée par le codeur optique 12 et sa tête de lecture 11 est ensuite transmise, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commande (non représenté) au moteur 20. Ce dispositif de commande comporte un logiciel de traitement mis en œuvre par un processeur ou plusieurs processeurs ou encore par un ordinateur. Le bouclage ainsi effectué par le dispositif de commande permet d'adapter la vitesse de rotation du moteur 20 en fonction du degré de rotation souhaité au niveau de l'enclume 7. Pour ce faire, on comprend que le logement 10 est modifié, par rapport au logement C de la figure 1 (art antérieur), pour accueillir le codeur optique 12. The measurement made by the optical encoder 12 and its read head 11 is then transmitted, via a control device (not shown) to the motor 20. This control device comprises a processing software implemented by a processor or multiple processors or by a computer. The looping thus carried out by the control device makes it possible to adapt the speed of rotation of the motor 20 according to the desired degree of rotation at the level of the anvil 7. To do this, it is understood that the housing 10 is modified, relative to the housing C of Figure 1 (prior art), to accommodate the optical encoder 12.
De plus, le support glissant 21 présente également une forme modifiée, par rapport au support L de la figure 1 , permettant de disposer la tête de lecture 11 en vis-à-vis du codeur optique 12. En effet, face supérieure 21a du support glissant 21 s'étend dans un plan situé au-dessus de la face supérieure 10a du logement 10, afin que la tête de lecture 1 1 soit en vis-à-vis du codeur optique 12. Ce n'est pas le cas du support L de la figure 1 , qui est maintenu au voisinage de la base de la pièce longitudinale D.  In addition, the sliding support 21 also has a modified shape, with respect to the support L of FIG. 1, making it possible to arrange the reading head 11 vis-à-vis the optical encoder 12. In fact, the upper face 21a of the support sliding 21 extends in a plane located above the upper face 10a of the housing 10, so that the read head 1 1 is vis-à-vis the optical encoder 12. This is not the case of the support L of Figure 1, which is maintained in the vicinity of the base of the longitudinal piece D.
La forme modifiée de ce support glissant 21 permet d'insérer les roulements à billes 22 assurant le parallélisme de l'axe de rotation des enclumes par rapport aux axes longitudinaux des colonnes 9a, 9b.  The modified form of this sliding support 21 makes it possible to insert the ball bearings 22 ensuring the parallelism of the axis of rotation of the anvils with respect to the longitudinal axes of the columns 9a, 9b.
Cette conception est particulièrement avantageuse car elle permet un contrôle du degré de rotation de l'enclume avec une précision améliorée, par rapport aux presses connues.  This design is particularly advantageous because it allows a control of the degree of rotation of the anvil with improved accuracy, compared to known presses.
La presse 100 prévoit par ailleurs un circuit de refroidissement 70 dans la frette des enclumes, dans lequel peut circuler un fluide frigorigène provenant d'une source externe (non représentée) à ladite presse.  The press 100 also provides a cooling circuit 70 in the anvils collar, in which a refrigerant can flow from an external source (not shown) to said press.
Le circuit de refroidissement est par exemple représenté sur la figure 5.  The cooling circuit is for example shown in FIG.
Ce circuit de refroidissement 70 permet de mener des expériences à haute température. Par haute température, il convient de comprendre des températures pouvant atteindre 2500K, les presses connues ne permettant généralement pas de dépasser des températures de 1500K. La presse 100 permet donc la conduite de tests sur des échantillons dans les conditions combinées de haute pression et de haute température.  This cooling circuit 70 makes it possible to conduct experiments at high temperature. By high temperature, it is necessary to understand temperatures up to 2500K, known presses do not generally allow to exceed temperatures of 1500K. The press 100 thus allows the conduct of tests on samples under the combined conditions of high pressure and high temperature.
De telles expériences ne peuvent pas être menées avec les presses connues.  Such experiments can not be conducted with known presses.
La presse 100 présentée à l'appui de la figure 2 permet d'effectuer de nombreux mouvements entre les deux enclumes. C'est en particulier le cas lorsque la partie supérieure S et la partie inférieure I de la presse 100 sont commandées indépendamment l'une de l'autre. Press 100 shown in support of Figure 2 allows to perform many movements between the two anvils. This is particularly the case when the upper part S and the lower part I of the press 100 are controlled independently of one another.
Les figures 6(a) à 6(d) représentent quelques exemples de modes de fonctionnement possibles avec la presse 100 selon l'invention. Pour tous ces exemples, une translation axiale de l'enclume 7 est prévue pour appliquer la haute pression entre les enclumes 7, 7'.  Figures 6 (a) to 6 (d) show some examples of possible modes of operation with the press 100 according to the invention. For all these examples, an axial translation of the anvil 7 is provided to apply the high pressure between the anvils 7, 7 '.
La figure 6(a) représente un premier mode de fonctionnement envisageable pour la presse 100.  FIG. 6 (a) represents a first possible mode of operation for the press 100.
Sur cette figure 6(a), la partie supérieure S de la presse 100 n'est pas mise en rotation par rapport aux colonnes 9a, 9b. En revanche, la partie inférieure I de la presse 100 est mise en rotation (F1 ).  In this FIG. 6 (a), the upper part S of the press 100 is not rotated relative to the columns 9a, 9b. On the other hand, the lower part I of the press 100 is rotated (F1).
Ce mode de fonctionnement était déjà envisageable avec la presse proposée dans l'article de Bromiley & al. Cependant, le contrôle de la rotation réelle de l'enclume étant améliorée, les données produites avec la presse 100 selon l'invention sont de meilleure qualité. Le dispositif de refroidissement permet par ailleurs d'accéder à des températures de fonctionnement plus élevées.  This mode of operation was already conceivable with the press proposed in the article by Bromiley et al. However, the control of the actual rotation of the anvil being improved, the data produced with the press 100 according to the invention are of better quality. The cooling device also allows access to higher operating temperatures.
On peut ainsi envisager de mieux contrôler la « production » de nouveaux matériaux massifs sous haute pression/haute température et/ou hautes déformations.  It is thus possible to better control the "production" of new massive materials under high pressure / high temperature and / or high deformations.
On peut aussi envisager de mieux reproduire des matériaux du manteau terrestre, pour les étudier. En effet, de tels matériaux sont soumis à de hautes températures, de hautes pressions ainsi qu'à des contraintes non hydrostatiques que la rotation précise de l'enclume permet de mieux prendre en compte.  We can also consider better reproducing materials of the Earth's mantle, to study them. Indeed, such materials are subjected to high temperatures, high pressures as well as non-hydrostatic stresses that the precise rotation of the anvil makes it possible to better take into account.
La figure 6(b) représente un deuxième mode de fonctionnement envisageable pour la presse 100.  FIG. 6 (b) represents a second possible mode of operation for the press 100.
Dans ce mode de fonctionnement, la haute pression est appliquée entre les deux enclumes. Par ailleurs, les deux enclumes sont mises en rotation en même temps et tournent dans le même sens (F1 ), de façon synchronisée. Ce mode de fonctionnement n'est pas possible avec les presses connues. In this mode of operation, the high pressure is applied between the two anvils. Moreover, the two anvils are rotated at the same time and rotate in the same direction (F1) synchronously. This mode of operation is not possible with known presses.
Dans ce cas, la presse 100 autorise des études en tomographie X (par absorption ou diffraction) ou neutronique de l'échantillon sous haute pression couplée, éventuellement, à une haute température.  In this case, the press 100 allows studies in X-ray tomography (by absorption or diffraction) or neutron sampling of the high pressure sample coupled, possibly, at a high temperature.
La presse 100 permet alors également des études de diffraction X ou neutronique sur un échantillon monocristal, sous haute pression éventuellement couplée à la haute température, pour accéder à plus de réflexions de Bragg, par rapport aux presses connues.  The press 100 then also allows X-ray or neutron diffraction studies on a single-crystal sample, under high pressure possibly coupled with the high temperature, to access more Bragg reflections, compared to known presses.
La figure 6(c) représente un troisième mode de fonctionnement envisageable pour la presse 100.  FIG. 6 (c) represents a third possible mode of operation for the press 100.
La haute pression est appliquée entre les deux enclumes. Par ailleurs une enclume est mise en rotation dans un premier sens de rotation (F1) alors que l'autre enclume (F2) est mise en rotation dans le sens opposé.  The high pressure is applied between the two anvils. Furthermore an anvil is rotated in a first direction of rotation (F1) while the other anvil (F2) is rotated in the opposite direction.
Ce mode de fonctionnement est particulièrement avantageux pour réaliser des études en rhéologie, en particulier sous haute pression et haute température.  This mode of operation is particularly advantageous for carrying out studies in rheology, in particular under high pressure and high temperature.
La figure 6(d) représente un quatrième mode de fonctionnement envisageable pour la presse 100.  FIG. 6 (d) represents a fourth possible mode of operation for the press 100.
Dans ce mode de fonctionnement, une première étape consiste à employer le mode de fonctionnement décrit à l'appui de la figure 6(a). Une déformation de l'échantillon, par exemple plastique, est ainsi effectuée.  In this mode of operation, a first step is to use the operating mode described in support of Figure 6 (a). Deformation of the sample, for example plastic, is thus performed.
On enchaîne ensuite avec le mode de fonctionnement décrit à l'appui de la figure 6(b). On peut ainsi réaliser de la tomographie tridimensionnelle, X ou neutronique, d'un échantillon plastiquement déformé, en particulier sous haute pression et haute température.  Then follows with the operating mode described in support of Figure 6 (b). It is thus possible to perform three-dimensional tomography, X or neutron, of a plastically deformed sample, in particular under high pressure and high temperature.
Afin de mettre en œuvre les différents modes de fonctionnement représentés à l'appui des figures 6(a) à 6(d), l'invention prévoit donc un dispositif de commande dans lequel il est prévu un moyen de commande tel qu'un processeur, une pluralité de processeurs ou un ordinateur, pour contrôler la vitesse de rotation du moteur 20.  In order to implement the various operating modes represented in support of FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d), the invention therefore provides a control device in which a control means such as a processor is provided. , a plurality of processors or a computer, for controlling the rotational speed of the motor 20.
Lorsqu'une seule enclume tourne, ce dispositif de commande permet ainsi d'imprimer un mouvement de rotation à l'enclume 7, en fonction du degré de rotation du logement 10 de l'enclume 7 qui est mesuré par les moyens 1 1 , 12 dédiés à cette mesure. When a single anvil rotates, this control device thus makes it possible to print a rotational movement at the anvil 7, as a function of the degree of rotation of the housing 10 of the anvil 7 which is measured by means 1 1, 12 dedicated to this measurement.
Lorsque les deux enclumes tournent, ce dispositif de commande permet de contrôler de façon indépendante la vitesse et/ou le sens de rotation du moteur associé à chaque enclume 7, T.  When the two anvils rotate, this control device allows independent control of the speed and / or direction of rotation of the motor associated with each anvil 7, T.
Nous allons maintenant préciser, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, le dimensionnement du prototype de presse 100 mis en œuvre par les inventeurs.  We will now specify, by way of non-limiting example, the sizing of the press prototype 100 implemented by the inventors.
Le principal facteur limitant du prototype de presse est la boîte de vitesses 13. En effet, dans le prototype réalisé par les inventeurs, la boîte de vitesses 13 présente un couple maximum de 892N.m (type SHG-32-160-2UH de la société Harmonie Drive).  The main limiting factor of the press prototype is the gearbox 13. In fact, in the prototype made by the inventors, the gearbox 13 has a maximum torque of 892N.m (type SHG-32-160-2UH). company Harmonie Drive).
Par ailleurs, ce couple maximum permet de calculer la charge maximale que l'on peut appliquer aux enclumes. En effet, avec un calcul simple effectué sur la butée à rotule 2 (type 29414E de la société SKF), on peut déduire que la charge maximale associée au couple maximum mentionné précédemment est de 93,8 tonnes. Cela signifie qu'on règle la pression de fluide amenée au piston 25 afin que ce dernier ne génère pas plus que cette charge maximale.  Moreover, this maximum torque makes it possible to calculate the maximum load that can be applied to the anvils. Indeed, with a simple calculation performed on the swivel stop 2 (type 29414E of SKF), it can be deduced that the maximum load associated with the maximum torque mentioned above is 93.8 tons. This means that the fluid pressure supplied to the piston 25 is adjusted so that the latter does not generate more than this maximum load.
Compte tenu des dimensions d'une enclume 7 et de l'échantillon qu'il loge, cette charge maximale est largement suffisante pour obtenir une haute pression entre les deux enclumes, pouvant aller jusqu'à 15GPa.  Given the dimensions of an anvil 7 and the sample it houses, this maximum load is largely sufficient to obtain a high pressure between the two anvils, up to 15GPa.
Par ailleurs, la boîte de vitesses 13 mise en oeuvre dans le prototype présente un rapport de réduction de la vitesse de rotation (sortie/entrée) de 160 et un rendement, à faible vitesse (ce qui est le cas dans l'utilisation qui en est faite), de 60%. On en déduit que le couple en entrée de la boîte de vitesses 13 doit être de 9,3N.m pour générer le couple maximum de 892N.m en sortie de ladite boîte de vitesses.  Moreover, the gearbox 13 used in the prototype has a speed reduction ratio (output / input) of 160 and a low speed output (which is the case in the use which in is made), 60%. It follows that the input torque of the gearbox 13 must be 9.3N.m to generate the maximum torque of 892N.m output of said gearbox.
L'entrée de la boîte de vitesses 13 est montée sur la roue dentée 14, laquelle présente 20 dents (type RPP5 de la société HPC). La roue dentée 14 est reliée à l'autre roue dentée 15 qui présente 60 dents (type RPP5 de la société HPC) par l'intermédiaire de la courroie crantée 16 (type RPP5/565/25 de la société HPC). L'ensemble formé par les deux roues dentées 14, 15 et la courroie crantée 16 offre un rapport de réduction de 3 et un rendement de 80%. Par conséquent, la sortie du réducteur 19 doit être capable de fournir un couple de 3,875N.m pour obtenir le couple maximum de 892N.m en sortie de la boîte de vitesses 13. The input of the gearbox 13 is mounted on the toothed wheel 14, which has 20 teeth (type RPP5 from HPC). The toothed wheel 14 is connected to the other toothed wheel 15 which has 60 teeth (type RPP5 of the company HPC) via the toothed belt 16 (HPP type RPP5 / 565/25). The assembly formed by the two toothed wheels 14, 15 and the toothed belt 16 offers a reduction ratio of 3 and a yield of 80%. Therefore, the output of the gearbox 19 must be able to provide a torque of 3.875Nm to obtain the maximum torque of 892N.m at the output of the gearbox 13.
Or, l'ensemble motoréducteur 19, 20 mis en œuvre dans le prototype est composé d'un moteur 20 capable de fournir un couple maximal de 197,8N.m (type 4490H024-K1 155 de la société Faulhaber) et d'un réducteur 19 dont le rapport de réduction est de 10 avec un rendement de 65% (type 52/2S100 de la société Faulhaber). Cela signifie que l'ensemble motoréducteur 19, 20 choisi pour le prototype est capable de fournir, en sortie du réducteur 19, un couple maximal de 12,857N.m, qui est nettement supérieur aux 3,875N.m mentionnés précédemment.  However, the geared motor assembly 19, 20 implemented in the prototype is composed of a motor 20 capable of providing a maximum torque of 197.8N.m (type 4490H024-K1 155 from Faulhaber) and a gearbox 19 whose reduction ratio is 10 with a yield of 65% (type 52 / 2S100 of the company Faulhaber). This means that the geared motor assembly 19, 20 chosen for the prototype is capable of providing, at the output of the gearbox 19, a maximum torque of 12.857N.m, which is clearly greater than the 3.875N.m previously mentioned.
Enfin, pour mesurer le degré de rotation, le prototype mis en œuvre prévoit un codeur optique 12 présentant une résolution de 21 600 positions/tour, à savoir de 0,0167°, est utilisé (type RS 142/120/5400 de la société Numerik Jena). Ce codeur optique 12 est associé à une tête de lecture 1 1 adaptée (type RIK4-2C 142/5400 KO-WZ de la société Numerik Jena).  Finally, to measure the degree of rotation, the prototype implemented provides an optical encoder 12 having a resolution of 21,600 positions / revolution, namely 0.0167 °, is used (type RS 142/120/5400 of the company Numerik Jena). This optical encoder 12 is associated with a read head 1 1 adapted (type RIK4-2C 142/5400 KO-WZ from Numerik Jena).
Compte tenu du dimensionnement décrit ci-dessus, le prototype permet d'effectuer une rotation de 360° des enclumes, au couple maximum, en moins de 10 minutes. Une expérience peut donc être conduite rapidement et avec précision.  Given the dimensioning described above, the prototype makes it possible to rotate 360 ° anvils, at maximum torque, in less than 10 minutes. An experiment can be conducted quickly and accurately.
Le prototype de presse qui a été fabriqué peut être démonté rapidement, typiquement en une vingtaine de minutes, et peut en conséquence être déplacée facilement.  The press prototype that has been manufactured can be disassembled quickly, typically in about twenty minutes, and can therefore be moved easily.
Cependant, l'homme du métier comprendra que le dimensionnement de la presse selon l'invention pourra évoluer en fonction des conditions de pression et de température requises entre les enclumes.  However, those skilled in the art will understand that the sizing of the press according to the invention may change depending on the pressure and temperature conditions required between the anvils.
Par ailleurs, l'invention ne se limite pas à une presse comportant deux parties symétriques, chacune capable de faire tourner une enclume 7, T associée, comme cela est représenté sur l'ensemble des figures annexées. Certes, la presse représentée sur les figures annexées a une conception particulièrement avantageuse car elle permet, dans son utilisation, d'avoir accès à des modes de fonctionnement non envisageables à ce jour, tels que ceux décrits à l'appui des figures 6(b), 6(c) ou 6(d). Furthermore, the invention is not limited to a press comprising two symmetrical parts, each capable of rotating an anvil 7, T associated, as shown in all of the accompanying figures. Admittedly, the press shown in the appended figures has a particularly advantageous design because it allows, in use, to have access to modes of operation not conceivable to date, such as those described in support of Figures 6 (b), 6 (c) or 6 (d) .
Cependant, l'invention couvre également une presse dont l'une seule des deux enclumes est capable de subir un mouvement de rotation, dans la mesure où cette presse comporte au moins l'une des améliorations proposées, par exemple la mesure plus précise du degré de rotation de l'enclume.  However, the invention also covers a press of which only one of the two anvils is able to undergo rotational movement, insofar as this press comprises at least one of the proposed improvements, for example the more precise measurement of the degree rotation of the anvil.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Presse (100) haute pression agissant sur deux enclumes (7, 7') entre lesquelles est établie la haute pression, ladite presse comprenant des moyens pour translater et tourner lesdites enclumes l'une par rapport à l'autre et comportant par ailleurs un logement (10) pour une enclume (7), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens (1 1 , 12) pour mesurer le degré de rotation du logement (10) de l'enclume (7). 1. Press (100) high pressure acting on two anvils (7, 7 ') between which the high pressure is established, said press comprising means for translating and rotating said anvils relative to each other and further comprising a housing (10) for an anvil (7), characterized in that it comprises means (1 1, 12) for measuring the degree of rotation of the housing (10) of the anvil (7).
2. Presse (100) haute pression selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle il est prévu des moyens pour tourner les deux enclumes (7, 7'), un autre logement (10') pour l'autre enclume (7') ainsi que des moyens pour mesurer le degré de rotation dudit un autre logement (10') de ladite autre enclume (7'). 2. press (100) high pressure according to claim 1, wherein there is provided means for rotating the two anvils (7, 7 '), another housing (10') for the other anvil (7 ') and means for measuring the degree of rotation of said another housing (10 ') of said other anvil (7').
3. Presse (100) haute pression selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens pour mesurer le degré de rotation du logement (10) de l'une (7) des deux enclumes (7, 7') ou du logement (10, 10') de chacune des deux enclumes (7, 7') comprennent un codeur optique (12) monté sur le logement (10, 10') d'enclume et une tête de lecture (11 ) associée au codeur optique. 3. Press (100) high pressure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the means for measuring the degree of rotation of the housing (10) of one (7) of the two anvils (7, 7 ') or housing (10, 10 ') of each of the two anvils (7, 7') comprise an optical encoder (12) mounted on the anvil housing (10, 10 ') and a read head (11) associated with the optical encoder.
4. Presse (100) haute pression selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu un support (21) monté glissant sur des colonnes (9a, 9b) de la presse, pour assurer le parallélisme entre le support glissant (21 ) et les axes longitudinaux des colonnes (9a, 9b). 4. Press (100) high pressure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein there is provided a support (21) slidably mounted on columns (9a, 9b) of the press, to ensure the parallelism between the sliding support (21 ) and the longitudinal axes of the columns (9a, 9b).
5. Presse (100) haute pression selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le support glissant (21 ) est monté sur les colonnes (9a, 9b) par l'intermédiaire de roulements à billes (22), lesdits roulements (22) permettant de maintenir le parallélisme de l'axe de rotation du support glissant (21 ) autour des colonnes avec les axes longitudinaux des colonnes (9a, 9b) et par suite, de l'axe de rotation des enclumes. 5. press (100) high pressure according to the preceding claim, wherein the sliding support (21) is mounted on the columns (9a, 9b) by means of ball bearings (22), said bearings (22) allowing maintaining the parallelism of the axis of rotation of the sliding support (21) around the columns with the longitudinal axes of the columns (9a, 9b) and consequently the axis of rotation of the anvils.
6. Presse (100) haute pression selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, dans lequel il est prévu une pluralité de pièces annulaires (24a, 24b) chacune disposée autour d'une colonne (9a, 9b) de la presse, entre cette colonne et le support glissant (21 ), pour améliorer la translation du support glissant (21) le long des colonnes. 6. press (100) high pressure according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein there is provided a plurality of annular pieces (24a, 24b) each arranged around a column (9a, 9b) of the press, between this column and the sliding support (21), to improve the translation of the sliding support (21) along the columns.
7. Presse (100) haute pression selon la combinaison des revendications 3 et 4, dans lequel la tête de lecture (11 ) est montée fixe sur la face supérieure (21 a) du support glissant (21 ). 7. press (100) high pressure according to the combination of claims 3 and 4, wherein the read head (11) is fixedly mounted on the upper face (21a) of the sliding support (21).
8. Presse (100) haute pression selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la face supérieure (21 a) du support glissant (21 ) s'étend sensiblement dans un plan situé au-dessus de la face supérieure du logement (10), afin que la tête de lecture (1 1) soit en vis-à-vis du codeur optique (12). 8. press (100) high pressure according to the preceding claim, wherein the upper face (21 a) of the sliding support (21) extends substantially in a plane above the upper face of the housing (10), so that the read head (1 1) is vis-à-vis the optical encoder (12).
9. Presse (100) haute pression selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque enclume (7, 7') comprend un circuit de refroidissement (70), de sorte que la presse puisse également être utilisée à haute température. 9. Press (100) high pressure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each anvil (7, 7 ') comprises a cooling circuit (70), so that the press can also be used at high temperature.
10. Dispositif de commande d'une presse (100) haute pression selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu un moyen de commande tel qu'un processeur, une pluralité de processeurs ou un ordinateur, pour contrôler la vitesse de rotation d'un moteur (20) appartenant à une chaîne mécanique apte à imprimer un mouvement de rotation à ladite enclume (7, 7'), en fonction du degré de rotation du logement (10, 10') de l'enclume (7, 7') mesuré par les moyens (11 , 12) dédiés à cette mesure. A control device for a high pressure press (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein there is provided control means such as a processor, a plurality of processors or a computer for controlling the speed of rotation of a motor (20) belonging to a mechanical chain capable of imparting a rotational movement to said anvil (7, 7 '), as a function of the degree of rotation of the housing (10, 10') of the anvil (7 , 7 ') measured by the means (11, 12) dedicated to this measurement.
1 1 . Dispositif de commande selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit moyen de commande est agencé de sorte à contrôler de façon indépendante la vitesse et/ou le sens de rotation du moteur appartenant à la chaîne mécanique apte à imprimer un mouvement de rotation au logement (10, 10') de l'enclume (7, 7') concernée, lorsque la presse (100) est conçue pour que chacune des deux enclumes (7, 7') soit mise en rotation. 1 1. Control device according to the preceding claim, wherein said control means is arranged to independently control the speed and / or direction of rotation of the motor belonging to the mechanical chain capable of imparting rotational movement to the housing (10). , 10 ') of the anvil (7, 7') concerned, when the press (100) is designed so that each of the two anvils (7, 7 ') is rotated.
PCT/IB2012/057337 2011-12-22 2012-12-14 High-pressure press including means for translating and rotating the anvils relative to one another between which high pressure is applied, and associated control device WO2013093744A1 (en)

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FR1162335A FR2984798B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 HIGH PRESSURE PRESS COMPRISING MEANS FOR TRANSLATING AND ROTATING IN RELATION TO THE OTHER ENCLUENTS BETWEEN WHICH HIGH PRESSURE IS APPLIED AND ASSOCIATED CONTROL DEVICE.
FR1162335 2011-12-22

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