WO2013083163A1 - Récipient sous pression à revêtement dilatable/rétractable - Google Patents

Récipient sous pression à revêtement dilatable/rétractable

Info

Publication number
WO2013083163A1
WO2013083163A1 PCT/EP2011/071799 EP2011071799W WO2013083163A1 WO 2013083163 A1 WO2013083163 A1 WO 2013083163A1 EP 2011071799 W EP2011071799 W EP 2011071799W WO 2013083163 A1 WO2013083163 A1 WO 2013083163A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure vessel
liner
vessel
fluid
determinate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/071799
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Francesco Nettis
Bryan E. SPENCER
Zachary B. Spencer
Paolo REDONDI
Vanni Neri TOMASELLI
Original Assignee
Blue Wave Co S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blue Wave Co S.A. filed Critical Blue Wave Co S.A.
Priority to PCT/EP2011/071799 priority Critical patent/WO2013083163A1/fr
Priority to EP12805648.8A priority patent/EP2825813A2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074571 priority patent/WO2013083660A2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074563 priority patent/WO2013083654A2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074564 priority patent/WO2013083655A2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074569 priority patent/WO2013083658A2/fr
Priority to KR1020147018485A priority patent/KR20140115310A/ko
Priority to CN201280069041.5A priority patent/CN104114931A/zh
Priority to AP2014007743A priority patent/AP2014007743A0/xx
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074568 priority patent/WO2013083657A2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074573 priority patent/WO2013083662A2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074561 priority patent/WO2013083652A2/fr
Publication of WO2013083163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013083163A1/fr
Priority to ZA2014/04950A priority patent/ZA201404950B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0133—Shape toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0176—Shape variable
    • F17C2201/018—Shape variable with bladders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0673—Polymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0675—Synthetics with details of composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0685—Special properties of materials for vessel walls flexible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/037—Containing pollutant, e.g. H2S, Cl
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to a pressure vessel comprising a determinate- dimensioned liner that can be expanded to permit on-loading and collapsed to assist offloading of a compressed fluid.
  • Type III pressure vessels are comprised of a relatively thin metal liner that is wound with a filamentous composite wrap, which results in a vessel with the strength of a steel vessel at a substantial saving in overall vessel weight.
  • Type IV pressure vessels comprise a polymeric liner that is likewise wrapped with a composite filamentous material.
  • Type IV pressure vessels are the lightest of all the presently approved pressure vessels.
  • Type III and Type IV vessels coupled with the trend to make these vessels very large - cylindrical vessels 18 meters in length and 2.5 - 3.0 meters in diameter are currently being fabricated and vessel 30 or more meters in length and 6 or more meters in diameter are contemplated - has resulted in a major step forward in optimizing the economics of ocean transport of compressed fluids.
  • Type III and Type IV pressure vessels very large carries with it a unique set of challenges, one of which is the off-loading of compressed fluids from the pressure vessels.
  • the high pressure under which the fluid was maintained in the pressure vessel results in a very rapid self-driven exodus of fluid from the vessel.
  • the rate of flow of the fluid from one vessel to the other slows dramatically, usually to a point where, although substantial fluid remains in the source pressure vessel, its removal becomes uneconomical in terms of time lost in trying to remove the remaining fluid and the cost of equipment required to remove the fluid.
  • the problem is to devise a way to increase both the flow of fluid from a pressure vessel during off-loading and the quantity of fluid off-loaded.
  • the present invention provides a solution to this problem.
  • this invention relates to a pressure vessel, comprising an internal volume defined by an inner wall and a determinate-dimensioned liner that can be expanded and collapsed within the internal volume.
  • the dimensions of the determinate-dimensioned liner are such that, when the liner is expanded, an outer surface of the liner is
  • the determinate-dimensioned liner when in the collapsed state, has a free volume that is less than 10% of its volume when expanded.
  • the determinate-dimensioned liner comprises a polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the polymeric material comprises a thermoset polymer.
  • the determinate-dimensioned liner comprises a flexible metal film.
  • the determinate-dimensioned liner is inert to a compressed fluid loaded into the pressure vessel.
  • An aspect of this invention is a method of on-loading and off-loading a compressed fluid from a pressure vessel comprising: providing the vessel with an expandable/collapsible determinate-dimensioned liner in the collapsed state; filling the pressure vessel with a compressed fluid until the collapsed liner is expanded such that its outer surface is contiguous with a wall of the pressure vessel; sealing the vessel for transport or storage; opening the vessel; permitting the self-driven exodus of the compressed fluid from the vessel to occur; injecting a fluid between the outer surface of the liner and the wall of the vessel when the self-driven exodus of compressed fluid slows, forcing the liner to collapse and thereby driving the remaining fluid out of the pressure vessel.
  • the fluid comprises sea water.
  • the fluid is fresh water.
  • the fluid comprises air.
  • Figure 1 shows isometric projections of various types of pressure vessels.
  • Figure 1 A shows a spherical pressure vessel.
  • Figure 1 B shows and oblate spheroid pressure vessel.
  • Figure 1 C shows a toroidal pressure vessel.
  • Figure 1 D shows a pressure vessel with a cylindrical center section and one domed end section.
  • Figure 1 E shows a pressure vessel with a cylindrical center section and two domed end sections.
  • any term of approximation such as, without limitation, near, about, approximately, substantially, essentially and the like, mean that the word or phrase modified by the term of approximation need not be exactly that which is written but may vary from that written description to some extent. The extent to which the description may vary will depend on how great a change can be instituted and have one of ordinary skill in the art recognize the modified version as still having the properties, characteristics and capabilities of the word or phrase unmodified by the term of approximation. In general, but with the preceding discussion in mind, a numerical value herein that is modified by a word of approximation may vary from the stated value by ⁇ 10%, unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • impermeable or “impervious” refers to the property of a substance that renders it substantially impossible for a fluid to penetrate to any significant degree into a surface formed of the first substance.
  • inert refers to the property of a substance that renders a surface formed of the substance unreactive toward any components of a fluid that may be contacted with the surface.
  • a "fluid” refers to a gas, a liquid or a mixture of gas and liquid.
  • natural gas as it is extracted from the ground and transported to a processing center is often a mixture of the gas with liquid contaminants. Such mixture would constitute a fluid for the purposes of this invention.
  • a "pressure vessel” refers to any closed container designed to hold fluids at a pressure substantially different from ambient pressure. In particular at present, it refers to such containers used to hold and transport CNG. Pressure vessels may take a variety of shapes but most often seen in actual use are spherical, oblate spheroidal, toroidal and cylindrical center section vessels with domed end sections at either or both ends. Non-limiting illustrations of such vessel are shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Pressure vessels for the transport of compressed fluids such as compressed natural gas, CNG, presently constitute four regulatory agency approved classes, all of which are cylindrical with one or two domed ends:
  • Class I Consist of an all metal, usually aluminum or steel, construct. This type of vessel is inexpensive but is very heavy in relation to the other classes of vessels.
  • Type I pressure vessels currently comprise a large portion of the containers used to ship compressed fluids by sea, their use in marine transport incurs very tight economic constraints.
  • Class II Consist of a thinner metal cylindrical center section with standard thickness metal end domes in which only the cylindrical portion is reinforced with a composite wrap.
  • the composite wrap generally constitutes glass or carbon filament impregnated with a polymer matrix.
  • the composite is usually "hoop wrapped" around the middle of the vessel.
  • the domes at one or both ends of the vessel are not composite wrapped.
  • the metal liner carries about 50% of the stress and the composite carries about 50% of the stress resulting from the internal pressure of the contained compressed fluid.
  • Class II vessels are lighter than Class I vessels but tend to be more expensive.
  • Type III Consist of a thin metal liner for the entire structure wherein the liner is reinforced with a filamentous composite wrap around entire vessel.
  • the stress in Type III vessels is shifted virtually entirely to the filamentous material of the composite wrap; the liner need only withstand a small portion of the stress.
  • Type III vessels are much lighter than type I or II vessels.
  • Class IV Consist of a polymeric essentially gas-tight liner that is fully wrapped with a filamentous composite. The composite wrap provides the entire strength of the vessel. Type IV vessels are by far the lightest of the four approved classes of pressure vessels.
  • a pressure vessel comprising a cylindrical center section with one or two domed end sections will be referred to simply as a "cylindrical" pressure vessel.
  • Vessel size may also vary tremendously and the construct and methods of this invention may be applied to a vessel of any size.
  • contiguous refers to two surfaces that are adjacent and that are in direct contact or that would be in direct contact were it not for an intervening layer of another material.
  • a "determinate-dimensioned liner” refers to a liner the length, width and thickness of which are constant and unchanging. This differentiates such liners from rubber and elastomeric liners that have one surface area and one thickness when deflated and an entirely different, larger, surface area when inflated at the cost of a substantially reduced thickness.
  • a determinate-dimensioned liner can, of course, be expanded and contracted but its shape and volume in the expanded state is totally predetermined and it cannot be expanded to another shape or volume.
  • a determinate-dimensioned liner of this invention are dictated by the dimensions of the internal volume of a given pressure vessel as defined by the inner wall of that vessel. That is, the determinate-dimensioned liner is created with particular pressure vessel in mind such that, when the liner is placed in the vessel and expanded by a compressed fluid being on-loaded into the vessel, when the liner reaches its maximum dimensions, the other surface of the liner, that is the surface that is not in contact with the fluid, is contiguous with the inner wall of the pressure vessel.
  • a determinate-dimensioned liner of this invention can be made of any material that sufficiently flexible to withstand repeated expansion and collapse.
  • Such materials include, without limitation, polymers, including both thermoplastic polymers and thermoset polymers, and thin flexible metal films.
  • examples of such materials include, without limitation, silicone polymers, butyl and other rubbers, which, while they may be capable of being inflated to various dimensions as would a balloon, for the purpose of this invention would be sized such that in its expanded state their outer surfaces comes into contact with the inner surface of a pressure vessel wall without any axial or lateral stress being imposed on the rubber liner, polyesters such as Mylar ® , fluoropolymers such as Kynar ® , and Viton ® , polyimides such as Kapton ® , polyamides such as Nylon®, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR).
  • a metalized plastic film may also be used.
  • the material of which the determinate-dimensioned liner of this invention is made is preferably inert to whatever fluid is to be contained in the object pressure vessel. This is particularly true where the surface of the pressure vessel that comes in contact with a compressed fluid comprises of metal, e.g., Types I, II and III vessels, which may be subject to corrosion or other detrimental reactions with components of a contained compressed fluid.
  • the determinate-dimensioned liner of this invention is used with a Type IV pressure vessel, that is, a composite vessel, then it is also preferred that it be impervious to the contained fluid since composites are, by their very nature, somewhat porous and therefore penetrable by a fluid, in particular a fluid under pressure.
  • a determinate-dimensioned expandable/collapsible liner of this application is straight forward.
  • a cylindrical pressure vessel with a domed end section at each end of the cylindrical center portion is provided.
  • a liner is fabricated such that, when the liner is in an expanded state, its outer surface will be contiguous with the inner surface of the pressure vessel wall and that such occurs without placing any axial or lateral stress on the liner.
  • the collapsed liner is then inserted through one of the polar openings in the pressure vessel.
  • the open end of the liner is coupled to the pressure vessel at the polar opening so as to present the interior of the liner to an on-loading compressed fluid.
  • Paraphernalia required to complete the pressure vessel such as bosses and coupling devices for connecting the pressure vessel to a source of the fluid to be contained are then assembled on the pressure vessel, which is then ready for use.
  • a fluid is then on-loaded in a compressed state into the pressure vessel such that it fills the liner to the point that the liner outer surface, the surface that is not in contact with the fluid, comes in contact with the inner wall of the pressure vessel at which time the vessel is considered full.
  • the pressure vessel is then closed and the vessel is ready for, without limitation, transport of the compressed fluid or storage of the fluid.
  • the pressure vessel When it is time to off-load the compressed fluid, the pressure vessel is connected to a system that delivers the fluid to a receiving vessel and the vessel is opened. Since the pressure in the pressure vessel is at first substantially greater than the pressure in the receiving vessel, the compressed fluid begins a rapid self-driven exodus from the pressure vessel into the receiving vessel. At some point, as the pressure in the pressure vessel and that in the receiving vessel approach equilibrium, the flow of fluid from the pressure vessel to the receiving vessel slows to the point where it eventually all but ceases. At this point, a substantial amount of fluid may still be retained in the pressure vessel.
  • a fluid is injected between the inner surface of the pressure vessel and the outer surface of the liner, forcing the liner to collapse and thereby eject further fluid from the pressure vessel into the receiving vessel.
  • a fluid is injected between the inner surface of the pressure vessel and the outer surface of the liner, forcing the liner to collapse and thereby eject further fluid from the pressure vessel into the receiving vessel.
  • the pressure vessel and liner of this invention may be used with virtually any manner of contained compressed fluid, it is a present embodiment of this invention that the system be used for the transport of CNG.
  • CNG may be contained and transported in the vessels of this invention both as a purified gas and as "raw gas.”
  • Raw gas refers to natural gas as it comes, unprocessed, directly from the well. It contains, of course, the natural gas (methane) itself but also may contain liquids such as condensate, natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas. Water may also be present as may other gases, either in the gaseous state or dissolved in the water, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Some of these may be reactive in their own right or may be reactive when dissolved in water, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide which produce an acid when dissolved in water.
  • the material of which the determinate-dimensioned liner is made when transporting raw gas, the material of which the determinate-dimensioned liner is made must be inert to the acids and any other corrosive or reactive components of the raw gas. Based on the disclosures herein, those skilled in the art will be able to readily determine which materials have the requisite properties to inert to and, if necessary impervious the contained fluid and also capable of repeated expansion and collapse.
  • the pressure vessels can therefore carry a variety of gases, such as raw gas straight from a bore well, including raw natural gas, e.g. when compressed - raw CNG or RCNG, or H2, or CO2 or processed natural gas (methane), or raw or part processed natural gas, e.g. with CO2 allowances of up to 14% molar, H2S allowances of up to 1 ,000 ppm, or H2 and CO2 gas impurities, or other impurities or corrosive species.
  • the preferred use is CNG transportation, be that raw CNG, part processed CNG or clean CNG - processed to a standard deliverable to the end user, e.g. commercial, industrial or residential.
  • Storage/transportation pressures can be anything up to say 400bar, but usually up to 300 bar, and normally in excess of 100 bar.
  • CNG can include various potential component parts in a variable mixture of ratios, some in their gas phase and others in a liquid phase, or a mix of both. Those component parts will typically comprise one or more of the following compounds: C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, C6H14, C7H16, C8H18, C9+ hydrocarbons, CO2 and H2S, plus potentially toluene, diesel and octane in a liquid state, and other impurities/species.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un récipient sous pression comprenant un liner d'une dimension définie qui peut se dilater pour permettre le chargement et se rétracter pour aider au déchargement d'un fluide comprimé.
PCT/EP2011/071799 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Récipient sous pression à revêtement dilatable/rétractable WO2013083163A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/071799 WO2013083163A1 (fr) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Récipient sous pression à revêtement dilatable/rétractable
PCT/EP2012/074569 WO2013083658A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Cuve sous pression pour une utilisation autre que pour des carburants/combustibles, ayant un rapport poids/capacité de stockage de gaz contrôlé
PCT/EP2012/074571 WO2013083660A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Récipient sous pression à rapport poids de récipient/poids de gaz régulé
PCT/EP2012/074563 WO2013083654A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Récipient sous pression à rapport contenance du réservoir de gaz/ poids régulé
PCT/EP2012/074564 WO2013083655A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Récipient sous pression à rapport poids de récipient/poids de gaz contrôlé
EP12805648.8A EP2825813A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Récipient à pression de service ultra-haute
KR1020147018485A KR20140115310A (ko) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 초고압 작동 압력 용기
CN201280069041.5A CN104114931A (zh) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 超高工作压力容器
AP2014007743A AP2014007743A0 (en) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Ultra-high operating pressure vessel
PCT/EP2012/074568 WO2013083657A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Récipient sous pression pour des applications sans lien avec des combustibles
PCT/EP2012/074573 WO2013083662A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Récipient à pression de service ultra-haute
PCT/EP2012/074561 WO2013083652A2 (fr) 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Cuve sous pression pour des applications en liaison avec des carburants/combustibles
ZA2014/04950A ZA201404950B (en) 2011-12-05 2014-07-04 Pressure vessel with expandable/collapsible liner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/071799 WO2013083163A1 (fr) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Récipient sous pression à revêtement dilatable/rétractable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013083163A1 true WO2013083163A1 (fr) 2013-06-13

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WO (1) WO2013083163A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201404950B (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1545710A (fr) * 1966-09-10 1968-11-15 Réservoir à fluide gazeux sous pression, notamment pour appareils protecteurs des voies respiratoires
EP0266971A2 (fr) * 1986-10-31 1988-05-11 Ecodyne Corporation Récipient sous pression
WO1994026607A1 (fr) * 1993-05-13 1994-11-24 Lawrence Pleet Systeme distributeur de fluide
DE29816811U1 (de) * 1998-09-21 1999-10-07 Wiedemann Helmut System zur Speicherung von brennbaren Kraftgasen wie z.B. Erdgas und Wasserstoff in einem volumenveränderlichen Speicher zum Zwecke der Betankung von mobilen Behältern für Kraftfahrzeugantriebe
WO2003093722A1 (fr) * 2002-05-01 2003-11-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Dispositif de distribution et de recuperation de gaz
GB2399052A (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-09-08 Philip William Robinson Low pressure welding method
US20040188449A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-09-30 Thompson Scott R. Pressure vessel for compressed gases utilizing a replaceable and flexible liner

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1545710A (fr) * 1966-09-10 1968-11-15 Réservoir à fluide gazeux sous pression, notamment pour appareils protecteurs des voies respiratoires
EP0266971A2 (fr) * 1986-10-31 1988-05-11 Ecodyne Corporation Récipient sous pression
WO1994026607A1 (fr) * 1993-05-13 1994-11-24 Lawrence Pleet Systeme distributeur de fluide
DE29816811U1 (de) * 1998-09-21 1999-10-07 Wiedemann Helmut System zur Speicherung von brennbaren Kraftgasen wie z.B. Erdgas und Wasserstoff in einem volumenveränderlichen Speicher zum Zwecke der Betankung von mobilen Behältern für Kraftfahrzeugantriebe
WO2003093722A1 (fr) * 2002-05-01 2003-11-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Dispositif de distribution et de recuperation de gaz
GB2399052A (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-09-08 Philip William Robinson Low pressure welding method
US20040188449A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-09-30 Thompson Scott R. Pressure vessel for compressed gases utilizing a replaceable and flexible liner

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