WO2013082949A1 - 液膜产生装置及液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置 - Google Patents

液膜产生装置及液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013082949A1
WO2013082949A1 PCT/CN2012/079422 CN2012079422W WO2013082949A1 WO 2013082949 A1 WO2013082949 A1 WO 2013082949A1 CN 2012079422 W CN2012079422 W CN 2012079422W WO 2013082949 A1 WO2013082949 A1 WO 2013082949A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid
ring
liquid film
film
guiding layer
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/079422
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋新民
王红庄
马德胜
侯庆锋
张禹负
罗幼松
朱友益
翁蕊
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2013082949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013082949A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties

Definitions

  • Liquid film generating device and liquid film expanding viscoelasticity measuring device Liquid film generating device and liquid film expanding viscoelasticity measuring device
  • the present invention relates to a foam film physicochemical property measuring device, for example, measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of a foam film (also referred to as a free liquid film, hereinafter referred to as a liquid film), measuring the separation pressure of the foam film, etc., specifically relating to a liquid film generating device and a liquid film Expand the viscoelasticity measuring device.
  • a foam film physicochemical property measuring device for example, measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of a foam film (also referred to as a free liquid film, hereinafter referred to as a liquid film), measuring the separation pressure of the foam film, etc., specifically relating to a liquid film generating device and a liquid film Expand the viscoelasticity measuring device.
  • the foam system has a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production and daily life. With the development of the petroleum industry, more and more people are using foam for exploration, development and oil recovery in drilling, fracturing, acidification and tertiary oil recovery.
  • An important property of the foam system is the stability of the foam. Previous studies have shown that the surface viscoelasticity of the solution has an important effect on the stability of the foam, but it should be noted that this surface viscoelasticity is measured on the surface of a relatively thick solution.
  • the mechanical properties of a free liquid film FLF, or foam film, sometimes referred to as a liquid film
  • the measuring device is composed of two upper and lower sharp-edged membrane rings, a liquid pan, a motor-driven lifting system and the like.
  • the pull-up film loop is suspended from the load cell, and its spatial position is stationary during the measurement; the pull-down film ring is placed in the liquid tray containing the solution to be tested.
  • the motor-driven lifting system drives the pull-down membrane ring to align with the liquid pan for uniform vertical lift and sinusoidal vibration in the range of 0_5.
  • the liquid tray rises, the upper and lower membrane rings are contacted, and then the liquid tray is lowered, and an approximately cylindrical liquid film is formed between the upper and lower membrane rings.
  • the liquid in the liquid pan is discharged, and the portion other than the sharp edge of the lower film ring is subjected to hydrophobic treatment in advance, and the contact between the liquid film and the other portion other than the sharp edge of the pull-down film is cut.
  • the motor drive system causes the liquid pan to drive the sinusoidal vibration of the pull-down membrane ring, and the liquid film then produces a sinusoidal expansion strain.
  • the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the liquid film stress and strain are calculated from the collected data, and the expansion viscoelasticity of the liquid film is calculated.
  • the process of reducing the thickness of the liquid film in the above method is irreversible, and when the liquid film is thin, the gravity discharge speed is very slow, and it takes a long time to obtain a thin liquid film of a desired thickness.
  • the upper and lower film rings need to be protected. Holding the opposite coaxial level. The horizontal adjustment of the lower ring is relatively easy, and the horizontal adjustment of the suspended upper ring is more difficult.
  • the present invention provides a liquid film generating device which can produce a liquid film having a certain film thickness as needed, and the thickness of the liquid film can be freely regulated.
  • the present invention provides a liquid film expansion viscoelasticity measuring device which can produce a liquid film having a certain film thickness as needed, and the thickness of the liquid film can be freely regulated.
  • a liquid film thicker or thinner than natural gravity drainage can be obtained, and the liquid discharge process is reversible, the film thickness control is more precise, and it is convenient to carry out repeated tests and comparative tests, and the level of the upper ring Easy to adjust.
  • a liquid film generating device wherein the device comprises: an upper ring assembly, which is a metal platter with an inverted buckle and a bottom hollow, the upper end of the shallow disc is provided with an upper annular knife edge; and the lower ring assembly comprises a metal ring sleeve, The inner side of the metal ring sleeve is provided with a lower annular knife edge facing the upper annular knife edge, and the upper annular knife edge and the lower annular knife edge are the same size and coaxial horizontal; the outer annular side of the lower annular knife edge of the metal ring sleeve is provided with a ring
  • the slot, the lower ring assembly further includes:
  • a liquid guiding layer is a porous material layer disposed on an upper portion of the annular groove, wherein an upper surface of the liquid guiding layer is disposed lower than the lower annular cutting edge, and a bottom surface of the liquid guiding layer is enclosed with the annular groove to form a closed Liquid empty tank,
  • An annular cover plate made of water-repellent metal or polytetrafluoroethylene, detachably fixed to the outer ring of the metal ring sleeve, and partially covering the liquid guiding layer, the annular cover plate
  • An overflow groove facing the center of the liquid film generating device is formed between the inner circumference and the lower annular knife edge;
  • a hose joint disposed on the metal ring sleeve, the hose joint being in communication with the liquid supply recess, and an external liquid supply-pressure regulating system;
  • the lower ring assembly is movable up and down relative to the upper ring assembly.
  • the liquid film generating device of the present invention can produce a liquid film of a certain thickness as needed, and the thickness of the liquid film can be freely regulated. It is used to determine the physical, chemical and optical properties of foam films such as liquid film tension, dynamic tensile viscoelasticity or separation pressure.
  • a liquid film thicker or thinner than natural gravity drainage can be obtained, and the liquid discharge process is reversible, and the film thickness control is relatively accurate, facilitating repeated tests and comparative tests.
  • a liquid film expansion viscoelasticity measuring device comprising a liquid film generating device and an upper and lower displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating device, the liquid film generating device comprising an upper ring assembly, a lower ring assembly and a liquid holding tray, wherein the upper ring assembly comprises The film ring is suspended by an electronic analytical balance, the lower ring assembly is located in the liquid pan, and can be moved integrally with the liquid pan under the driving of the upper and lower displacements and the sinusoidal vibration generating device, the lower ring assembly is provided by the ring Grooved metal ring sleeve, pull-down membrane ring, porous media material liquid guiding layer, water ring a cover plate, the pull-down film ring is located in the middle of the metal ring sleeve, and is the same size as the upper pull-up film ring and is coaxial with each other; the liquid guiding layer of the porous dielectric material is located at the upper part of the ring groove, and the liquid guiding layer and the ring groove Forming a liquid
  • the top end of the pull-down film ring has a sharp edge shape, which is called a lower annular knife edge.
  • the liquid guiding layer is lower than the lower annular knife edge by l-2 mm.
  • the top end of the liquid guiding layer is flush with the top end of the outer wall of the metal ring sleeve, and the annular cover plate is detachably fixed to the top end of the outer wall of the metal ring sleeve by screws.
  • the thickness of the liquid guiding layer is 1 to 10, and the width is 1 to 20 awake.
  • the overflow groove width is 0. l-2mm.
  • the pull-up film loop is suspended horizontally on a suspension wire that passes through the center of the disk.
  • a circular table is protruded upwardly from a bottom of the pull-up film ring, a center of the circular table coincides with a center of the disk, and one or more notch rings are sleeved on the circular table, and the notch ring It can be rotated independently of each other along the circular table.
  • a circular table is protruded upwardly from a bottom of the pull-up film ring, a center of the circular table is coincident with a center of the disk, and a ring is sleeved on the circular table, and a top end of the ring is higher than a top end of the circular table
  • the top end of the ring is provided with one or more sliders.
  • the top of the pull-up film ring has a sharp edge shape, which is called an upper annular knife edge.
  • the upper and lower annular cutting edges have a diameter of 10_200 jin.
  • the upper and lower displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating devices include an eccentric ejector, a bevel and a driving motor, and the inclined surface can be moved up and down and rotated by the driving motor, and one end of the eccentric plunger is fixed to the bottom of the liquid pan, One end is in contact with the slope.
  • the contact end of the eccentric ejector and the inclined surface is conical, and the apex of the conical shape is in contact with the inclined surface.
  • a vertical, approximately cylindrical liquid film is drawn from the upper and lower annular edges of the contact.
  • the hydraulic pressure at the annular knife edge is zero.
  • the film thickness can be measured by an external interferometer. When the liquid film reaches the required thickness, a certain pressure difference is maintained inside and outside the film, so that the thickness of the liquid film can be adjusted and controlled.
  • the metal ring sleeve with the ring groove and the liquid guiding layer of the porous dielectric material are fixed together by sintering, ring
  • the cover plate is detachably fixed to the metal ring sleeve.
  • the diameter of the upper and lower annular knife edges directly affects the diameter of the liquid film. Theoretically, the larger the diameter, the closer the shape of the liquid film is to the cylindrical surface, and the curved surface facilitates the calculation of dynamic mechanical parameters and the measurement of the film thickness.
  • the upper and lower annular cutting edges are preferably 10-200 mm in diameter in consideration of space limitations.
  • the width of the overflow trough is 0. l-2mm, which is conducive to the conduction of liquid.
  • the liquid guiding layer is made of sintered glass or other strongly hydrophilic porous dielectric material.
  • the ring cover can be made of corrosion-resistant metal or non-metal materials such as stainless steel, platinum, polytetrafluoroethylene, or glass.
  • the hydrophobic material for coating is a chlorosilane-based reagent (such as dichlorodimethylsilyl) or a fluorocarbon-based hydrophobic material. When the annular cover material is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, it is no longer necessary to apply a hydrophobic material due to its own water repellency.
  • the upper ring assembly is suspended by the electronic balance, and the upper ring assembly needs to be adjusted before working.
  • the invention adopts two ways of adjusting the level, one is to adopt the adjustment method of the notch ring, that is, to adjust the position by adjusting the position of the notch on the upper ring assembly or the relative positions of the plurality of notches;
  • the adjustment method is to adjust the level by adjusting the position of the slider on the upper ring assembly or the relative positions of the plurality of sliders. Both of these methods make it easy to adjust the horizontal state of the upper ring assembly.
  • the upper and lower displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating devices are composed of an eccentric ejector, a bevel and a driving motor.
  • the eccentric ejector is fixed at the bottom of the liquid pan.
  • the liquid pan is also up and down. The movement causes the upper and lower ring edges to contact each other and pull out the columnar liquid film; when the inclined surface rotates under the action of the driving motor, the liquid tray drives the liquid film to sinusoidal vibration.
  • the liquid film expansion viscoelasticity measuring device of the invention can produce a liquid film of a certain thickness as needed, can measure the viscoelastic energy of the liquid film, can also be used for measuring other physical and chemical properties of the foam film, and the horizontal state of the upper ring assembly is adjusted more. For convenience and speed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the liquid film expansion viscoelasticity measuring apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a lower ring assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of a lower ring assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4A is a front elevational view of an embodiment of an upper ring assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a front elevational view of another embodiment of an upper ring assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the liquid film generating apparatus of the present invention.
  • the liquid film generating device of the present invention wherein the device comprises an upper ring assembly and a lower ring assembly;
  • the upper ring assembly is a metal shallow plate with an inverted buckle and a bottom hollow, the upper portion of the shallow disk is provided with an upper annular knife edge;
  • the inner ring sleeve is provided with a lower annular knife edge facing the upper annular knife edge, and the upper annular knife edge and the lower annular knife edge are the same size and coaxial horizontal;
  • the lower annular knife edge of the metal ring sleeve The outer circumference side is provided with a ring groove, the lower ring assembly further comprises a liquid guiding layer, an annular cover plate and a hose joint;
  • the liquid guiding layer is a porous material layer disposed on the upper part of the ring groove, and the upper surface of the liquid guiding layer Lower than the lower annular knife edge, the bottom surface of the liquid guiding layer is enclosed with the ring groove to form a closed liquid supply groove;
  • the liquid film expansion viscoelasticity measuring apparatus of the present invention comprises a liquid film generating device and an upper and lower displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating device, wherein the liquid film generating device is composed of an upper ring assembly, a lower ring assembly and a liquid holding tray, the upper ring
  • the assembly includes a pull-up film ring suspended by an electronic analytical balance, the lower ring assembly being located within the liquid tray, and movable integrally with the liquid pan under the driving of the upper and lower displacements and the sinusoidal vibration generating device,
  • the lower ring assembly is composed of a ring-shaped metal ring sleeve, a pull-down film ring, a porous medium material liquid guiding layer, and a hydrophobic annular cover plate, wherein the pull-down film ring is located in the middle of the metal ring sleeve, and is opposite to the upper ring ring
  • the film ring is the same size and is coaxial with each other; the liquid guiding layer of the porous dielectric material is located at
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 are schematic structural views of a preferred embodiment of the liquid film generating device of the present invention, a top view of the lower ring assembly, and a side view of the lower ring assembly, in order to be able to manufacture a thickness.
  • the liquid film generating device of the present invention comprises an upper ring assembly A and a lower ring assembly B; wherein, the upper ring assembly A is a metal shallow plate with an inverted buckle and a bottom hollow, and the disk tray of the shallow plate is provided The upper annular knife edge 4; SP, the upper annular knife edge 4 is disposed downward.
  • the lower ring assembly B includes a metal ring sleeve 1 having a lower annular knife edge 5B facing the upper annular knife edge 4 on the inner side of the metal ring sleeve, the lower annular knife edge 5B being disposed upwardly; the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower portion
  • the annular knife edge 5B is the same size and coaxially horizontal, and the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B are oppositely disposed in a vertical direction;
  • the outer circumferential side of the lower annular knife edge 5B of the metal ring sleeve 1 is provided with a ring groove
  • the lower ring assembly B further includes a liquid guiding layer 2, an annular cover plate 3 and a hose joint 21;
  • the liquid guiding layer 2 is a porous material layer disposed at an upper portion of the annular groove, and the upper surface of the liquid guiding layer 2 is lower than the lower annular cutting edge 5B, the bottom surface of the liquid-conducting layer 2 is enclosed
  • the overflow groove 6 at the center of the film generating device that is, the inner peripheral edge of the annular cover 3, the upper surface of the liquid guiding layer 2, and the lower annular cutting edge 5B form an overflow groove 6 which flows from the small annular knife edge toward the inside of the metal ring sleeve 1.
  • the hose joint 21 is disposed on the metal ring sleeve 1, and the hose joint 21 is in communication with the liquid supply tank 7, and is externally supplied with a liquid supply-pressure regulating system 8, provided by the liquid supply-pressure regulating system 8.
  • the liquid is injected into the liquid supply tank 7 via the hose joint 21, and the amount of liquid injection is controlled by the liquid supply-pressure regulating system 8; the liquid can pass through the liquid supply tank 7 through the liquid guide made of a porous material
  • the layer 2 reaches the overflow tank 6 above the liquid-conducting layer 2, and then overflows to the central hole of the metal ring sleeve 1 through the lower annular knife edge 5B. Thereby, the lower annular knife edge 5B can obtain liquid coverage.
  • the upper ring assembly A and the lower ring assembly B are disposed opposite each other, and the upper ring assembly A can move up and down relative to the lower ring assembly B, thereby changing the distance between the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B.
  • the upper surface of the liquid guiding layer 2 is flush with the outer top surface of the ring groove; and when the annular cover plate 3 is fixed to the metal When the loop cover 1 is attached, the bottom surface of the water-increasing annular cover 3 can be in close contact with the upper surface of the liquid-conducting layer 2 to form a relatively sealed structure, whereby the liquid passing up through the liquid-conducting layer 2 can only be inclined. It flows on the side of the lower annular knife edge 5B without accumulating between the liquid guiding layer 2 and the annular cover 3.
  • the annular cover 3 is fixed to the outer ring of the metal collar 1 via a screw connection.
  • the liquid guiding layer 2 can be integrally sealed by a flat plate, so that the porous material can cover the entire annular groove opening.
  • the flat plate is removed, and the annular cover plate 3 is fixed by screws.
  • the annular cover 3 can also be fixed to the metal ring sleeve 1 by other detachable fixing methods, and is not limited thereto.
  • the size of the overflow tank 6 is related to the amount of liquid in the overflow tank 6, thereby affecting the problems of continuity and stability of the liquid film 9, and preferably, the present invention
  • the overflow tank 6 has a width of 0.1 to 2 mm, which is favorable for the conduction of liquid, and the liquid film 9 formed thereof has a better effect.
  • the preferred overflow trough 6 of the present invention has a width of 0.1 0.5 mm.
  • the diameters of the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B directly affect the diameter of the liquid film 9.
  • the larger the diameter the closer the shape of the liquid film 9 is to the cylindrical surface, and such a curved surface facilitates calculation of dynamic mechanical parameters and measurement of film thickness.
  • the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B have a diameter ranging from 10 to 200 mm.
  • the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B have a diameter ranging from 50 to 120 mm.
  • the liquid film generating device of the present invention preferably has a material of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal material.
  • the material of the metal ring sleeve 1 may be stainless steel or platinum.
  • the annular cover plate 3 can be made of corrosion-resistant metal or non-metal materials such as stainless steel, platinum, Teflon, and glass.
  • the hydrophobic material for coating is a chlorosilane type reagent (such as dichlorodimethylsilyl) or a fluorocarbon water-repellent material.
  • a chlorosilane type reagent such as dichlorodimethylsilyl
  • a fluorocarbon water-repellent material When the annular cover 3 material is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, it is no longer necessary to apply a hydrophobic material due to its own water repellency.
  • the liquid guiding layer 2 is also made of a porous material, so that the air in the upper and lower sides of the liquid guiding layer 2 is relatively sealed, so that air cannot enter the liquid supply empty tank 7 via the liquid guiding layer 2.
  • the porous material is a hydrophilic porous material.
  • the porous material is preferably sintered glass; other strong hydrophilic porous materials may also be used.
  • the thickness of the liquid guiding layer 2 of the liquid film generating device of the present invention is also related to the magnitude and speed of the amount of liquid supply.
  • the liquid guiding layer 2 has a thickness ranging from 1 to 10 mm, and the width thereof is in the range of l. ⁇ 20mm.
  • the hydrophobic treatment in the present invention is applied to the metal surface by using a silane-based or fluorocarbon-based hydrophobic material.
  • the silane-based hydrophobic material is preferably dichlorodimethylsilyl.
  • the liquid film expansion viscoelasticity measuring apparatus comprises a liquid film generating apparatus 18 and upper and lower
  • the displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating device 19 is composed of an upper ring assembly A, a lower ring assembly B, and a liquid holding tray 20.
  • the upper ring assembly A further includes a pull-up film ring, which is a metal platter with an inverted buckle and a hollow bottom, and is suspended by an electronic analytical balance 17; the lower ring assembly B is located in the liquid storage tray 20, and can be
  • the liquid pan 20 is subjected to upper and lower movements and sinusoidal vibrations under the driving of the upper and lower displacements and the sinusoidal vibration generating device 19, that is, the lower ring assembly B is disposed in the liquid pan 20, and the liquid pan 20
  • the bottom portion is provided with an upper and lower displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating device 19, and the liquid receiving tray 20 can drive the inner lower ring assembly B to perform corresponding upper and lower movements by the up-and-down displacement and the cooperative movement of the sinusoidal vibration generating device 19 and the bottom of the liquid holding tray 20.
  • the lower ring assembly B is composed of a ring-shaped metal ring sleeve 1, a pull-down film ring 5A, a porous medium material liquid guiding layer 2, and a hydrophobic water ring cover.
  • the bottom plate ring 5A is located in the middle of the metal ring sleeve 1 as shown in the figure, that is, the pull-down film ring 5A is coaxially disposed with the center receiving portion in the middle of the metal ring sleeve 1; preferably,
  • the top of the pull-up film ring of the upper ring assembly is an upper annular knife edge 4 having a sharp edge shape; the top end of the pull-down film ring 5A of the lower ring assembly B is a lower annular knife edge 5B having a sharp blade shape.
  • the lower annular knife edge 5B is the same size as the upper annular knife edge 4 of the upper ring assembly A and is coaxially horizontal; the upper ring assembly A and the lower ring assembly B are disposed opposite each other, and the lower ring assembly B is opposite to the upper ring assembly A Move up and down to change the distance between the upper annular knife edge 10 and the lower annular knife edge 5.
  • the upper annular knife edge and the lower annular knife edge have a diameter of 10-200 mm.
  • the pull-up film ring is suspended horizontally on the suspension wire, and the suspension wire passes through the center of the disk of the upper ring assembly.
  • the annular groove is surrounded by the metal ring sleeve 1 and the lower annular knife edge 5B.
  • the porous dielectric material liquid guiding layer 2 is located at the upper portion of the annular groove.
  • the thickness of the liquid guiding layer 2 is It is l-10mm and the width is l-20mm.
  • the top end of the porous liquid guiding layer 2 is flush with the top end of the outer wall of the metal ring sleeve 1, and the space for the liquid supply groove 7 is formed between the liquid guiding layer 2 and the annular groove; the annular cover plate 3 partially covers the porous medium.
  • the layer 2 extends to the outside of the metal collar 1 and is fixed to the metal collar 1; the inner side wall of the annular cover 3, the top of the porous dielectric material liquid-conducting layer 2, and the pull-down membrane ring 5A form an overflow.
  • the flow cell 6, preferably, has a width of 0.1-2 mm.
  • the annular cover plate 3 is detachably fixed to the top end of the outer wall of the metal ring sleeve 1 by screws; the liquid supply empty groove 7 communicates with the external liquid supply-pressure regulating system 8.
  • a hose connector is disposed on the metal collar, the hose connector is in communication with the liquid supply recess, and is externally connected to the liquid supply-pressure regulating system.
  • the liquid guiding layer is lower than the lower annular knife edge by l-2 mm.
  • a vertical, approximately cylindrical liquid film 9 is drawn from the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B.
  • the hydraulic static pressure at the lower annular knife edge 5B is zero.
  • the liquid supply pressure regulating system 8 has a positive pressure, since the cover plate 3 is drowning, the liquid discharged from the liquid guiding layer 2 can press the liquid to be measured into the liquid film 9 through the overflow tank 6, so that the liquid film 9 is thickened.
  • the liquid supply pressure regulating system 8 has a negative pressure, since the porous medium material has a small pore diameter and is strongly hydrophilic, the membrane air cannot enter the liquid guiding layer 2, and only the liquid in the membrane overcomes the separation pressure.
  • the liquid film 9 enters the liquid supply-pressure regulation system 8 through the liquid-conducting layer 2, and the liquid film 9 is thinned.
  • the thickness of the liquid film 9 can be measured by an external interferometer. When the liquid film 9 reaches the desired thickness, a certain pressure difference is maintained inside and outside the film, so that the thickness of the liquid film 9 can be adjusted and controlled.
  • the bottom of the pull-up film ring is convexly provided with a circular table, and the center of the circular table is centered with the center of the disk.
  • the round table is provided with a balance structure capable of moving and adjusting the center of gravity of the pull-up film ring.
  • a circular boss 10 is provided, the center of the round table and the upper ring assembly The centers of the discs coincide, and the outer circumference of the circular boss 10 is sleeved with one or two notched ring rings 11. Adjusting the position of the notch of the notched ring 11 on the upper ring assembly or the relative position of the plurality of notched rings 11 can adjust the level of the upper ring assembly.
  • a side of the upper ring assembly A opposite to the upper annular knife edge 4 (ie, the bottom of the pull-up film ring protrudes upward) is provided with a circular convex shape.
  • the center of the circular bosses coincides with the center of the disc of the upper ring assembly, and the outer circumference of the circular boss 10 is sleeved with a ring 12, and the height of the ring 12 is higher than
  • the circular boss 10 has one or more sliders 13 attached to the top end of the ring 12. Adjusting the position of the slider also adjusts the level of the upper ring assembly.
  • the upper and lower displacement and sinusoidal vibration generating means 19 comprise an eccentric ram 14, a ramp 15 and a drive motor 16.
  • the inclined surface 15 is movable up and down by the driving motor 16, and one end of the eccentric plunger 14 is fixed to the bottom of the liquid pan 20, and the other end is conical, and the apex of the conical shape is kept in contact with the inclined surface 15.
  • the contact end of the eccentric ejector and the inclined surface is conical, and the apex of the conical shape is kept in contact with the inclined surface, whereby the liquid receiving tray can be displaced with the upper and lower sides and the sine
  • the vibration generating device 19 is driven to achieve up-and-down or sinusoidal motion.
  • the liquid receiving tray 20 When the inclined surface 15 is moved up and down by the driving motor 16, the liquid receiving tray 20 also moves up and down, so that the upper annular knife edge 4 and the lower annular knife edge 5B contact each other and pull out the columnar liquid film 9; when the inclined surface 15 is driven
  • the liquid level tray 20 causes the liquid film 9 to sinusoidally vibrate. At this time, the film thickness and the expansion strain can be measured by an external device, and the dynamic expansion viscoelasticity of the liquid film can be measured.

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Abstract

一种液膜产生装置及液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置，用于泡沫膜物理化学性质测定。该液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置包括液膜产生装置（18）和上、下位移及正弦振动产生装置（19）。液膜产生装置（18）包括上环组件（A），下环组件（B）。下环组件（B）包括金属环套（1），金属环套（1）的下环形刀口（5B）的外周侧开设有环槽。下环组件（B）还包括：由设于环槽上部的多孔材料构成的导液层（2），导液层（2）底面与环槽围合形成一封闭的供液空槽；由憎水处理的金属或聚四氟乙烯制成的盖板（3），部分遮盖于导液层（1）上方，盖板（3）的内周缘与下环形刀口（5B）之间形成有朝向该液膜产生装置（18）中心的溢流槽（6）；及软管接头（21），该软管接头（21）设置于金属环套（1）上，与供液空槽连通，且外接供液-压力调节系统（8）。该液膜产生装置可以获得比自然重力排液更厚或更薄的液膜，且排液过程可逆，膜厚控制较为精确，便于进行重复试验和对比试验，而且其上环的水平容易调节。

Description

液膜产生装置及液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置 技术领域
本发明涉及泡沫膜物理化学性质测定装置， 例如测定泡沫膜（也称自由液膜， 以下简称 为液膜）的动态力学性质， 测定泡沫膜的分离压等， 具体涉及液膜产生装置及液膜扩张粘弹 性测定装置。 背景技术
泡沫体系在工农业生产及日常生活中有着广泛的应用。随着石油工业的发展， 人们越来 越多地将泡沫用于钻井、 压裂、 酸化、 三次采油等勘探、 开发和采油领域。 泡沫体系重要的 特性是泡沫的稳定性。 以往的研究表明， 溶液表面粘弹性对泡沫稳定性有重要影响， 但需要 指出的是这种表面粘弹性是在比较厚的溶液表面上测定的。
在 "一种研究泡沫液膜性质的新方法" （ 《石油勘探与开发》 ， 1995年， 第三期， 第 96— 99页）一文指出，与泡沫稳定性关系更直接、更密切的应该是自由液膜（free l iquid film, FLF, 或称泡沫膜， 有时简称液膜） 的力学性质， 该文同时公开了一种自由液膜动 态扩张粘弹性的测定装置。 该测定装置由上下两个锐边拉膜环、 盛液盘、 电机驱动的升降 系统等组成。上拉膜环悬挂于测力传感器， 测定过程中其空间位置静止不动； 下拉膜环置 于装有待测溶液的盛液盘中。 电机驱动的升降系统可驱使下拉膜环随着盛液盘一体做匀速 垂直升降及振幅为 0_5皿范围内的正弦振动。 盛液盘上升， 使上、 下拉膜环接触， 然后盛 液盘下降， 上、 下拉膜环之间就形成了近似圆柱形液膜。 排出盛液盘中的液体， 由于下 膜环除锐边之外的部分都事先做了憎水处理， 液膜与下拉膜环锐边之外的其它部位的联 系被切断。电机驱动系统使盛液盘带动下拉膜环做正弦振动，液膜随之产生正弦扩张应变。 由采集到的数据计算液膜应力和应变的振幅比和相位差，进而计算得到液膜的扩张粘弹性。
理论推算和实验结果都表明， 泡沫膜的力学性质（如扩张粘弹性， 分离压等）与泡沫膜 的厚度有密切关系。但上述文献中提到的自由液膜， 其薄厚完全依赖自然的重力排液。 虽然 可以根据液膜电导数据粗略判断液膜的大致厚度，再通过切断排液出路的方法可以使液膜的 厚度控制在一定范围内， 但很难获得可以进行重复试验的厚度比较一致的液膜。更为重要的 是， 在比较不同起泡液性能的实验中， 使用厚度不一致的液膜没有实质意义。 另外， 上述方 法中液膜厚度减小的过程是不可逆的， 而且， 当液膜很薄时， 重力排液速度非常慢， 要获得 所需厚度的薄液膜需要耗费很长时间。 此外， 在拉膜和测定的过程中， 上， 下拉膜环需要保 持相向同轴水平。 下环的水平调节相对容易， 悬吊着的上环， 其水平调节则比较困难。 发明内容
针对上述方法中的缺陷， 本发明提供一种液膜产生装置，可以根据需要产生一定膜厚的 液膜， 且液膜的厚度可以自由调控。
另外，本发明还提供一种液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置，可以根据需要产生一定膜厚的液膜， 且液膜的厚度可以自由调控。 换言之， 使用本发明的装置， 可以获得比自然重力排液更厚或 更薄的液膜， 且排液过程可逆， 膜厚控制较为精确， 便于进行重复试验和对比试验， 而且其 上环的水平容易调节。
一种液膜产生装置， 其中， 该装置包括- 上环组件， 为一个倒扣且底部镂空的金属浅盘， 该浅盘的盘口设有上环形刀口； 下环组件， 包括金属环套， 该金属环套内侧设有与所述上环形刀口相向的下环形刀口， 所述上环形刀口及下环形刀口大小相同且同轴水平；所述金属环套的下环形刀口的外周侧开 设有环槽， 所述下环组件还包括：
导液层， 为设于所述环槽上部的多孔材料层， 该导液层的上表面低于所述下环形 刀口设置， 所述导液层底面与该环槽围合形成一封闭的供液空槽，
环形盖板， 由憎水处理的金属或聚四氟乙烯制成， 其能够拆卸地固定于所述金属 环套的外环上， 且部分遮盖于所述导液层上方， 该环形盖板的内周缘与该下环形刀口 之间形成有朝向该液膜产生装置中心的溢流槽；
软管接头， 设置于所述金属环套上， 该软管接头与所述供液空槽连通， 且外接供 液-压力调节系统；
所述下环组件能够相对所述上环组件上下移动。
本发明液膜产生装置，可以根据需要产生一定厚度的液膜，且液膜的厚度可以自由调控。 用于测定泡沫膜的物理化学性质，例如液膜张力，动态拉伸粘弹性或分离压等泡沫膜的力学、 光学和电学性质。
另外， 使用本发明的装置， 可以获得比自然重力排液更厚或更薄的液膜， 且排液过程可 逆， 膜厚控制较为精确， 便于进行重复试验和对比试验。
液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 包括液膜产生装置和上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置， 所述 液膜产生装置包括上环组件、 下环组件和盛液盘， 所述上环组件包括上拉膜环， 由电子分析 天平悬起， 下环组件位于盛液盘内， 并可与盛液盘一体在上、下位移及正弦振动产生装置的 驱动下运动， 所述下环组件由带环槽的金属环套、 下拉膜环、 多孔介质材料导液层、憎水环 形盖板组成， 所述下拉膜环位于金属环套正中， 且与上拉膜环大小相同且相向同轴水平； 所 述多孔介质材料导液层位于环槽上部， 导液层与环槽之间形成供液空槽空间； 所述环形盖板 部分遮盖于导液层上且延伸至金属环套的外侧； 环形盖板的内侧壁、多孔介质材料导液层的 顶部以及下拉膜环之间形成溢流槽； 所述供液空槽与外接的供液-压力调节系统相通。
所述下拉膜环的顶端呈尖锐刀口状， 称为下环形刀口。
所述导液层低于下环形刀口 l-2mm。
所述导液层的顶端与金属环套外壁的顶端平齐，所述环形盖板通过螺钉可拆式固定于金 属环套外壁的顶端。
所述导液层厚度 1〜10讓， 宽度 1〜20醒。
所述溢流槽宽度为 0. l-2mm。
所述上拉膜环水平悬挂在悬丝上， 所述悬丝穿过所述圆盘的中心。
所述上拉膜环的底部向上凸设有圆台， 所述圆台的中心与所述圆盘的中心相重合， 有一 个或多个缺口圆环套设在所述圆台上， 所述缺口圆环可以彼此独立沿圆台转动。
所述上拉膜环的底部向上凸设有圆台， 所述圆台的中心与所述圆盘的中心相重合， 有一 个圆环套设在所述圆台上， 且圆环顶端高于圆台的顶端， 所述圆环的顶端卡设有一个或多个 滑块。
所述上拉膜环的顶部呈尖锐刀口状， 称为上环形刀口。
所述上、 下环形刀口直径为 10_200謹。
上、下位移及正弦振动产生装置包括偏心顶杆、斜面和驱动马达， 所述斜面在驱动马达 的作用下可以上下运动和旋转，所述偏心顶杆的一端固定于盛液盘的底部， 另一端与斜面保 持接触。
所述偏心顶杆与斜面的接触端为圆锥形， 圆锥形的顶点与斜面保持接触。
垂直的、近似圆柱形的液膜由接触的上、下两环形刀口拉伸出来。环形刀口处的水力学 静压力为零。 当供液一压力调节系统有正压力时， 由于盖板上面憎水， 导液层排出的液体能 够通过溢流槽将被测液体压到液膜内， 使得液膜增厚； 当供液一压力调节系统有负压力时， 由于多孔介质材料的孔隙直径很小， 并且是强亲水的， 膜外空气不能进入导液层， 只能是膜 内液体克服分离压（或称楔压）通过导液层进入供液一压力调节系统， 则液膜变薄。 多孔介 质材料的孔隙直径越小，可使用的负压越大，所能获得的液膜厚度越小，直到牛顿黑膜生成。 液膜厚度可以通过外部的干涉仪来测定。当液膜达到所需厚度时，膜内外保持一定的压力差， 从而实现液膜厚度的可调、 可控。
下环组件中， 带环槽的金属环套和多孔介质材料导液层是通过烧结固定在一起的， 环形 盖板采用可拆式固定的方式固定在金属环套上。
上、下环形刀口直径的大小直接影响到液膜的直径大小。 理论上， 在液膜高度不变的情 况下， 直径越大， 液膜形状越接近圆柱面， 这样的曲面便于进行动态力学参数的计算以及膜 厚的测定。 考虑到空间限制， 上、 下环形刀口直径优选为 10-200mm。
溢流槽宽度为 0. l-2mm， 有利于液体的传导。
导液层采用烧结玻璃或其它强亲水多孔介质材料。环形盖板可用材料为不锈钢、 铂、聚 四氟乙烯、 玻璃等耐腐蚀的金属或非金属材料。涂覆用憎水材料为氯硅烷类试剂（如二氯二 甲基硅垸）或碳氟类憎水材料。 当环形盖板材料采用聚四氟乙烯时， 由于其本身憎水， 不再 需要涂覆憎水材料。
在液膜产生装置中， 上环组件由电子天平悬起来的， 上环组件在工作前需调节水平。本 发明采用了两种调节水平的方式， 一是采用缺口圆环的调节方式， 即通过调整缺口在上环组 件上的位置或是多个缺口的相对位置来调节水平； 二是采用滑块的调节方式， 即通过调整滑 块在上环组件上的位置或是多个滑块的相对位置来调节水平。此两种方式均可以很方便的调 节上环组件的水平状态。
上、下位移及正弦振动产生装置由偏心顶杆、斜面和驱动马达组成， 偏心顶杆固定在盛 液盘的底部， 斜面在驱动马达的作用下作上、 下运动时， 盛液盘也上下运动， 使上、 下环刀 口相互接触并拉出柱状液膜； 当斜面在驱动马达的作用下旋转时，盛液盘带动液膜作正弦振 动。
本发明液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 可以根据需要产生一定厚度的液膜，可以测定液膜的 粘弹性能， 还可用于测定泡沫膜的其它物理化学性质， 而且上环组件水平状态的调节更为方 便和快捷。 附图说明
图 1 本发明液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置较佳实施例的结构示意图，
图 2 为本发明较佳实施例的下环组件的俯视图，
图 3 为本发明较佳实施例的下环组件的主视图，
图 4A为本发明较佳实施例的上环组件的一实施例的主视图，
图 4B 为本发明较佳实施例的上环组件的另一实施例的主视图
图 5为本发明液膜产生装置较佳实施例的结构示意图。
主要元件标号说明：
A—上环组件 B一下环组件 一金属环套 2—导液层 3—盖板 4一上环形刀口
5A—下拉膜环 5B—下环形刀口 6_溢流槽
7_供液空槽 8—供液一压力调节系统 9_液膜
10—圆形凸台 11一缺口圆环 12—圆环
13—滑块 14_偏心顶杆 15—斜面
16—驱动马达 17—电子分析天平 18—液膜产生装置
19一上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置 20_盛液盘
21_软管接头 具体实施方式
本发明的液膜产生装置， 其中， 该装置包括上环组件及下环组件； 上环组件为一个倒扣 且底部镂空的金属浅盘， 该浅盘的盘口设有上环形刀口； 下环组件为金属环套， 该金属环套 内侧设有与所述上环形刀口相向的下环形刀口，所述上环形刀口及下环形刀口大小相同且同 轴水平； 所述金属环套的下环形刀口的外周侧开设有环槽， 所述下环组件还包括导液层、环 形盖板及软管接头； 导液层为设于所述环槽上部的多孔材料层， 该导液层的上表面低于所述 下环形刀口设置，所述导液层底面与该环槽围合形成一封闭的供液空槽； 环形盖板由憎水处 理的金属或聚四氟乙烯制成， 其能够拆卸地固定于所述金属环套的外环上， 且部分遮盖于所 述导液层上方，该环形盖板的内周缘与该下环形刀口之间形成有朝向该液膜产生装置中心的 溢流槽； 软管接头设置于所述金属环套上， 该软管接头与所述供液空槽连通， 且外接供液- 压力调节系统。 所述上环组件能够相对所述下环组件上下移动。
本发明的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置包括液膜产生装置和上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装 置， 所述液膜产生装置由上环组件、 下环组件和盛液盘构成， 所述上环组件包括上拉膜环， 由电子分析天平悬起， 该下环组件位于盛液盘内， 并能够与所述盛液盘一体在所述上、 下位 移及正弦振动产生装置的驱动下运动， 所述下环组件由带环槽的金属环套、 下拉膜环、 多孔 介质材料导液层、憎水环形盖板组成， 所述下拉膜环位于所述金属环套正中， 且与所述上拉 膜环大小相同且相向同轴水平； 所述多孔介质材料导液层位于该环槽上部，所述导液层与环 槽之间形成供液空槽空间；所述环形盖板部分遮盖于该导液层上且延伸至所述金属环套的外 侧； 所述环形盖板的内侧壁、 多孔介质材料导液层的顶部以及下拉膜环之间形成溢流槽； 所 述供液空槽与外接的供液-压力调节系统相通。
为了对本发明的技术特征、 目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具 体实施方式。 如图 2、 图 3及图 5所示， 为本发明的液膜产生装置的较佳实施例的结构示意图、 下环 组件俯视结构示意图及下环组件的侧面结构示意图， 为了能够制造出厚度可调的液膜 9， 本 发明的液膜产生装置包括上环组件 A及下环组件 B; 其中， 上环组件 A为一个倒扣且底部 镂空的金属浅盘， 该浅盘的盘口设有上环形刀口 4; SP， 该上环形刀口 4是朝下设置的。 下 环组件 B包括金属环套 1， 该金属环套内侧设有与所述上环形刀口 4相向的下环形刀口 5B， 该下环形刀口 5B是朝上设置的； 所述上环形刀口 4及下环形刀口 5B大小相同且同轴水平， 上环形刀口 4与下环形刀口 5B于竖直方向相对设置； 所述金属环套 1的下环形刀口 5B的 外周侧开设有环槽， 所述下环组件 B还包括导液层 2、 环形盖板 3及软管接头 21 ; 导液层 2 为设于所述环槽上部的多孔材料层， 该导液层 2的上表面低于所述下环形刀口 5B设置， 所 述导液层 2底面与该环槽围合形成一封闭的供液空槽 7; 环形盖板 3由憎水处理的金属或聚 四氟乙烯制成， 其能够拆卸地固定于所述金属环套 1的外环上， 且部分遮盖于所述导液层 2 上方； 该金属环套 1内设有的环槽将该金属环套 1顶部分隔为内环及外环， 而环形盖板 3的 内径比内环的外径大， 同时小于外环的内径， 从而当环形盖板 3固定在该金属环套 1的外环 上时，环形盖板 3高于所述下环形刀口 5B设置，该环形盖板 3的内周缘与该下环形刀口 5B 之间形成有朝向该液膜产生装置中心的溢流槽 6， 即所述环形盖板 3内周缘、 导液层 2上表 面及下环形刀口 5B形成由小环形刀口向金属环套 1内部方向流动的溢流槽 6。 所述软管接 头 21设置于所述金属环套 1上， 该软管接头 21与所述供液空槽 7连通， 且外接供液 -压力 调节系统 8， 供液-压力调节系统 8提供的液体经由该软管接头 21注入到供液空槽 7中， 并 且液体注入的量是由供液-压力调节系统 8控制的； 液体能够经由供液空槽 7通过由多孔材 料制成的导液层 2到达导液层 2上方的溢流槽 6中， 再经过下环形刀口 5B溢流至金属环套 1的中心孔。 借此， 下环形刀口 5B能够得到液体的覆盖。 所述上环组件 A与所述下环组件 B相向正对设置， 上环组件 A能够相对下环组件 B上下移动， 从而改变上环形刀口 4与下 环形刀口 5B之间的距离。
如图所示， 本发明的液膜产生装置， 其较佳的实施例中， 所述导液层 2的上表面与所述 环槽的外侧顶面相平； 而当环形盖板 3固定至金属环套 1上时，增水处理的环形盖板 3底面 能够与导液层 2的上表面贴紧， 使其形成相对密封的结构， 借此， 向上通过导液层 2的液体 便只能倾向于下环形刀口 5B—侧流动， 而不会积聚在导液层 2与环形盖板 3之间。
本发明的液膜产生装置， 较佳的， 所述环形盖板 3经由螺钉连接固定至所述金属环套 1 的外环上。在制作过程中可用一平板将导液层 2整体封住， 使得多孔材料能将整个环槽开口 盖住， 在导液层 2制作完成后， 再拆下平板， 用螺钉将环形盖板 3固定在金属环套 1上。 当 然， 环形盖板 3也可以用其他可拆卸的固定方式固定至金属环套 1上， 并不以此为限。 本发明的液膜产生装置， 其溢流槽 6的大小尺寸关系到溢流槽 6中液体的量的大小， 从 而影响到液膜 9形成连续性和稳定性等问题， 较佳的， 本发明的溢流槽 6宽度为 0.1~2mm， 有利于液体的传导， 其形成的液膜 9效果较佳。 更进一步的， 本发明的优选的溢流槽 6宽度 为 0.1 0.5mm。
本发明的液膜产生装置， 上环形刀口 4及下环形刀口 5B直径的大小直接影响到液膜 9 的直径大小。 理论上， 在液膜 9高度不变的情况下， 直径越大， 液膜 9形状越接近圆柱面， 这样的曲面方便进行动态力学参数的计算以及膜厚的测定。考虑到空间限制， 较佳的， 所述 上环形刀口 4及下环形刀口 5B的直径大小范围为 10〜200mm。 而更优选的方案中， 本发明 的液膜产生装置，较佳的，所述上环形刀口 4及下环形刀口 5B的直径大小范围为 50~120mm。
本发明的液膜产生装置， 为了提高金属环套 1的使用效果及使用寿命， 较佳的， 所述金 属环套 1的材料为耐热、耐腐蚀金属材料。其中，所述金属环套 1的材料可以是不锈钢或铂。
环形盖板 3可用材料为不锈钢、 铂、 聚四氟乙烯、 玻璃等耐腐蚀的金属或非金属材料。 涂覆用憎水材料为氯硅烷类试剂（如二氯二甲基硅垸）或碳氟类憎水材料。 当环形盖板 3材 料采用聚四氟乙烯时， 由于其本身憎水， 不再需要涂覆憎水材料。
本发明的液膜产生装置， 其中， 导液层 2也多孔材料制成， 为了使导液层 2上下两侧的 空间相对密封， 使空气不能够经由导液层 2进入供液空槽 7中； 较佳的， 所述多孔材料为亲 水多孔材料。 其中， 所述多孔材料优选为烧结玻璃； 也可以使其它强亲水多孔材料。
同时， 本发明的液膜产生装置的导液层 2的厚度也与液体供给的量的大小和速度有关， 较佳的， 所述导液层 2厚度范围为 l~10mm， 其宽度范围为 l~20mm。
本发明的液膜产生装置， 当环形盖板 3需要进行憎水处理时， 较佳的， 本发明中所述憎 水处理为采用硅烷类或碳氟类憎水材料涂覆于金属表面。更进一步的，所述硅烷类憎水材料 优选为二氯二甲基硅垸。
本发明的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 如图 1、 图 2、 图 3所示， 本发明的较佳实施例中， 该液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置包括液膜产生装置 18和上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置 19， 所 述液膜产生装置 18由上环组件 A、 下环组件 B和盛液盘 20构成。 所述上环组件 A还包括 上拉膜环， 其为一个倒扣且底部镂空的金属浅盘， 并由电子分析天平 17悬起； 下环组件 B 位于盛液盘 20内， 并可与盛液盘 20—体在上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置 19的驱动下做 上、下运动和正弦振动， 即， 下环组件 B设置于所述盛液盘 20内， 所述盛液盘 20底部设置 有一上、下位移及正弦振动产生装置 19，通过上下位移及正弦振动产生装置 19与盛液盘 20 底部的配合运动， 盛液盘 20能够带动其内部的下环组件 B进行相应的上下或正弦运动。 所 述下环组件 B由带环槽的金属环套 1、 下拉膜环 5A、 多孔介质材料导液层 2和憎水环形盖 板 3组成， 所述下拉膜环 5A位于金属环套 1正中， 如图所示， 即所述下拉膜环 5A与所述 金属环套 1中间的中心容置部同轴设置； 较佳的， 上环组件的上拉膜环的顶部为呈尖锐刀口 状的上环形刀口 4; 下环组件 B的下拉膜环 5A的顶端为呈尖锐刀口状的下环形刀口 5B。下 环形刀口 5B与上环组件 A的上环形刀口 4大小相同且相向同轴水平；所述上环组件 A与所 述下环组件 B相向正对设置， 下环组件 B能够相对上环组件 A上下移动， 从而改变上环形 刀口 10与下环形刀口 5之间的距离。 其中， 较佳的， 所述上环形刀口及下环形刀口的直径 为 10-200mm。
较佳的， 所述上拉膜环水平悬挂在悬丝上， 所述悬丝穿过所述上环组件的圆盘的中心。 所述环槽由所述金属环套 1及所述下环形刀口 5B围成， 所述多孔介质材料导液层 2位 于环槽上部， 较佳的实施方式中， 所述导液层 2的厚度为 l-10mm， 宽度为 l-20mm。 多孔 介质导液层 2的顶端与金属环套 1外壁的顶端平齐，导液层 2与环槽之间形成供液空槽 7的 空间； 所述环形盖板 3部分遮盖于多孔介质导液层 2上且延伸至金属环套 1的外侧， 并且固 定于所述金属环套 1上； 环形盖板 3的内侧壁、多孔介质材料导液层 2的顶部以及下拉膜环 5A之间形成溢流槽 6， 较佳的， 所述溢流槽的宽度为 0.1-2mm。所述环形盖板 3通过螺钉可 拆式固定于金属环套 1外壁的顶端； 所述供液空槽 7与外接的供液-压力调节系统 8相通。 一软管接头设置于所述金属环套上， 该软管接头与所述供液空槽连通， 且外接供液-压力调 节系统。 较佳的， 所述导液层低于下环形刀口 l-2mm。
请参阅图 1所示， 在本发明的较佳实施例中， 垂直的、近似圆柱形的液膜 9由接触的上 环形刀口 4、下环形刀口 5B拉伸出来。下环形刀口 5B处的水力学静压力为零。 当供液一压 力调节系统 8有正压力时， 由于盖板 3憎水， 导液层 2排出的液体能够通过溢流槽 6将被测 液体压到液膜 9内， 使得液膜 9增厚； 当供液一压力调节系统 8有负压力时， 由于多孔介质 材料的孔隙直径很小， 并且是强亲水的， 膜外空气不能进入导液层 2， 只能是膜内液体克服 分离压 （或称楔压）通过导液层 2进入供液一压力调节系统 8， 则液膜 9减薄。 多孔介质材 料的孔隙直径越小， 可使用的负压越大， 所能获得的液膜 9厚度越小， 直到牛顿黑膜生成。 液膜 9厚度可以通过外部的干涉仪来测定。 当液膜 9达到所需厚度时，膜内外保持一定的压 力差， 从而实现液膜 9厚度的可调、 可控。
如上所述的本发明的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其较佳的实施方式中，所述上拉膜环的 底部向上凸设有圆台，所述圆台的中心与所述圆盘的中心相重合，所述圆台上套设有能够移 动调整所述上拉膜环重心的平衡结构。
如图 4A所示， 本发明的较佳实施例中， 所述上环组件 A中与上环形刀口 4相对的一侧
(即所述上拉膜环的底部向上凸出）设置一圆形凸台 10， 所述圆台的中心与所述上环组件的 圆盘的中心相重合， 所述圆形凸台 10的外周套接有一个或二个带缺口的缺口圆环 11。 调节 缺口圆环 11的缺口在上环组件上的位置或是多个缺口圆环 11的相对位置可以调节上环组件 的水平。
如图 4B所示， 本发明的较佳实施例中， 所述上环组件 A中与上环形刀口 4相对的一侧 (即所述上拉膜环的底部向上凸出）设置一圆形凸台 10， 所述圆形凸台的中心与所述上环组 件的圆盘的中心相重合，所述圆形凸台 10的外周套接有一圆环 12，所述圆环 12的高度高于 圆形凸台 10， 所述圆环 12的顶端卡设有一个或多个滑块 13。调节滑块的位置同样可以调节 上环组件的水平。
如图 1所示， 在较佳的实施方式中， 上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置 19包括偏心顶杆 14、 斜面 15和驱动马达 16。 所述斜面 15在驱动马达 16的作用下可以上下运动和旋转， 所 述偏心顶杆 14的一端固定于盛液盘 20的底部， 另一端为圆锥形， 圆锥形的顶点与斜面 15 保持接触。较佳的， 所述偏心顶杆与所述斜面的接触端为圆锥形， 所述圆锥形的顶点与所述 斜面保持接触， 借此， 所述盛液盘能够随着上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置 19的驱动而实 现上下或者正弦运动。
当斜面 15在驱动马达 16的作用下作上、 下运动时， 盛液盘 20也上下运动， 使上环形 刀口 4、下环形刀口 5B相互接触并拉出柱状液膜 9; 当斜面 15在驱动马达 16的作用下旋转 时， 盛液盘 20带动液膜 9作正弦振动， 此时利用外接设备可以测定膜厚和扩张应变， 进而 测定液膜的动态扩张粘弹性。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式， 并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域 的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改，均应属于本 发明保护的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 该装置包括：
上环组件， 为一个倒扣且底部镂空的金属浅盘， 该浅盘的盘口设有上环形刀口； 下环组件， 包括金属环套， 该金属环套内侧设有与所述上环形刀口相向的下环形刀口， 所述上环形刀口及下环形刀口大小相同且同轴水平；所述金属环套的下环形刀口的外周侧开 设有环槽， 所述下环组件还包括：
导液层， 为设于所述环槽上部的多孔材料层， 该导液层的上表面低于所述下环形 刀口设置， 所述导液层底面与该环槽围合形成一封闭的供液空槽，
盖板， 由憎水处理的金属或聚四氟乙烯制成， 其能够拆卸地固定于所述金属环套 的外环上， 且部分遮盖于所述导液层上方， 该盖板的内周缘与该下环形刀口之间形成 有朝向该液膜产生装置中心的溢流槽；
软管接头， 设置于所述金属环套上， 该软管接头与所述供液空槽连通， 且外接供 液-压力调节系统；
所述下环组件能够相对所述上环组件上下移动。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述导液层的上表面低于所述下 环形刀口 l~2mm。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述导液层的上表面与所述 环槽的外侧顶面相平。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述盖板经由螺钉连接固定至所 述金属环套的外环上。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述溢流槽宽度为 0.1~2mm。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述溢流槽宽度为 0.1~0.5mm。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述上环形刀口及下环形刀口的 直径大小范围为 10~200mm。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述上环形刀口及下环形刀口的 直径大小范围为 50~120mm。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述金属环套的材料为耐热、 耐 腐蚀金属材料。
10、如权利要求 9所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述金属环套的材料为不锈钢或 铂。
11、 如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述多孔材料为亲水多孔材料。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述多孔材料为烧结玻璃。
13、如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置，其特征在于，所述导液层厚度范围为 l~10mm， 其宽度范围为 l~20mm。
14、如权利要求 1所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述憎水处理为采用硅烷类或碳 氟类憎水材料涂覆于金属表面。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的液膜产生装置， 其特征在于， 所述硅垸类憎水材料为二氯二 甲基硅垸。
16、一种液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于： 该液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置包括液膜 产生装置和上、 下位移及正弦振动产生装置， 所述液膜产生装置包括上环组件、下环组件和 盛液盘， 所述上环组件包括上拉膜环， 由电子分析天平悬起， 该下环组件位于盛液盘内， 并 能够与所述盛液盘一体在所述上、下位移及正弦振动产生装置的驱动下运动， 所述下环组件 由带环槽的金属环套、 下拉膜环、 多孔介质材料导液层、憎水环形盖板组成， 所述下拉膜环 位于所述金属环套正中， 且与所述上拉膜环大小相同且相向同轴水平； 所述多孔介质材料导 液层位于该环槽上部，所述导液层与环槽之间形成供液空槽空间； 所述环形盖板部分遮盖于 该导液层上且延伸至所述金属环套的外侧； 所述环形盖板的内侧壁、多孔介质材料导液层的 顶部以及下拉膜环之间形成溢流槽； 所述供液空槽与外接的供液-压力调节系统相通。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述下拉膜环的顶 端为呈尖锐刀口状的下环形刀口。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述导液层低于 下环形刀口 l-2mm。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述导液层的顶 端与金属环套外壁的顶端平齐， 所述环形盖板通过螺钉可拆式固定于金属环套外壁的顶端。
20、根据权利要求 19所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置，其特征在于，所述导液层厚度 1〜 10mm, 宽度 l〜20mm。
21、 根据权利要求 16所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述溢流槽宽度 为 0.1-2mm。
22、 根据权利要求 16所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上拉膜环水平 悬挂在悬丝上， 所述悬丝穿过所述圆盘的中心。
23、 根据权利要求 16所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上拉膜环的底 部向上凸设有圆台， 所述圆台的中心与所述圆盘的中心相重合，所述圆台上套设有能够移动 调整所述上拉膜环重心的平衡结构。
24、 根据权利要求 23所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上拉膜环的底 部向上凸设有圆台， 所述圆台的中心与所述圆盘的中心相重合， 有一个或多个缺口圆环套设 在所述圆台上， 所述缺口圆环能够彼此独立沿圆台转动。
25、 根据权利要求 23所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上拉膜环的 底部向上凸设有圆台， 所述圆台的中心与所述圆盘的中心相重合， 有一个圆环套设在所述圆 台上， 且圆环顶端高于圆台的顶端， 所述圆环的顶端卡设有一个或多个滑块。
26、 根据权利要求 16所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上拉膜环的顶 部为呈尖锐刀口状的上环形刀口。
27、 根据权利要求 17或 26所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上、 下 环形刀口直径为 10-200mm。
28、 根据权利要求 16所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述上、 下位移 及正弦振动产生装置包括偏心顶杆、斜面和驱动马达， 所述斜面在所述驱动马达的作用下能 够上下运动和旋转， 所述偏心顶杆的一端固定于盛液盘的底部， 另一端与斜面保持接触。
29、 根据权利要求 28所述的液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置， 其特征在于， 所述偏心顶杆与 所述斜面的接触端为圆锥形， 所述圆锥形的顶点与所述斜面保持接触。
PCT/CN2012/079422 2011-12-09 2012-07-31 液膜产生装置及液膜扩张粘弹性测定装置 Ceased WO2013082949A1 (zh)

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CN103861772B (zh) * 2014-03-12 2017-01-25 王元 一种涂胶方法及装置
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