WO2013081586A1 - Systèmes et procédés de mesure d'un fluide dans un segment de corps - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés de mesure d'un fluide dans un segment de corps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013081586A1
WO2013081586A1 PCT/US2011/062486 US2011062486W WO2013081586A1 WO 2013081586 A1 WO2013081586 A1 WO 2013081586A1 US 2011062486 W US2011062486 W US 2011062486W WO 2013081586 A1 WO2013081586 A1 WO 2013081586A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
body segment
fluid
current
electrodes
module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/062486
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mamdouh Monif MONIF
Original Assignee
King Saud University
Hart, Brian G.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by King Saud University, Hart, Brian G. filed Critical King Saud University
Priority to PCT/US2011/062486 priority Critical patent/WO2013081586A1/fr
Publication of WO2013081586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013081586A1/fr
Priority to US14/287,974 priority patent/US9895069B2/en
Priority to US15/189,201 priority patent/US10398330B2/en
Priority to US15/189,118 priority patent/US10098556B2/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/0295—Measuring blood flow using plethysmography, i.e. measuring the variations in the volume of a body part as modified by the circulation of blood therethrough, e.g. impedance plethysmography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/0245—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/346—Analysis of electrocardiograms
    • A61B5/349—Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
    • A61B5/352—Detecting R peaks, e.g. for synchronising diagnostic apparatus; Estimating R-R interval

Definitions

  • Impedance plethysmography is a medical test, which measures small changes in electrical resistance throughout body segments. Such measurements can be useful in determining fluid volume changes in a body segment. Measuring fluid flow through a body segment may be useful in helping medical professionals determine the presence of existing or potential health issues in a patient. Importantly, impedance plethysmography accomplishes this task in a manner that is not invasive to a patient.
  • a computer system used to measure fluid in a body segment is described.
  • a current generation module may be used to emit an electrical through at least one body segment.
  • the electrical current may be used to measure fluid- volume content of the at least one body segment.
  • An electrode module having a plurality of electrodes may be attached to the current generation module.
  • a signal-processing module may be used to measure changes in the electrical current through at least one body segment.
  • an impedance module may be used to calculate fluid- volume change in at least one body segment and determine the flow of fluid through the at least one body segment.
  • Other embodiments are also described.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a general overview of a fluid measurement system, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a set of computer program modules to enable fluid measurement of a body segment into a computer system, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a method to measure fluid in a body segment, according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary measurement principles to measure fluid flow in a body segment, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an apparatus to measure blood flow, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a fluid measurement system, according to an example embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • a first section presents a system overview.
  • a next section provides methods of using example embodiments.
  • the following section describes example implementations.
  • the next section describes the hardware and the operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments may be practiced.
  • the final section presents the claims.
  • FIG. 1 comprises a block diagram illustrating a general overview of a fluid measurement system according to an example embodiment 100.
  • the fluid measurement system 100 may be used to measure the flow of fluid through a body segment.
  • the fluid measurement system 100 is designed to measure blood flow to a body segment in a continuous and non-invasive manner.
  • system 100 can be used to measure the volume of blood in the carotid artery noninvasively using bioimpedance in association with the timing of the heartbeat to calculate the volume of blood that is fed to the brain.
  • the fluid measurement system 100 comprises inputs 102, computer program processing modules 104, and outputs 106.
  • the fluid measurement system 100 may be a computer system such as shown in FIG. 6.
  • Inputs 102 are received by processing modules 104 and processed into outputs 106.
  • Inputs 102 may include an electric current, a plurality of electrodes, and a plurality of readings and calculations.
  • a first input 102 is an electric current, which may be generated and applied through at least one body segment of a patient.
  • a patient may be any living being, including humans and animals.
  • the electric current may be produced by an electrical source.
  • An electrical source may be any device or apparatus capable of generating an electric current.
  • One example of an electric source may be a current generator circuit. In order to measure the fluid in a body segment continuously, the electric current should be constant.
  • the electric current may be a constant sinusoidal alternating current.
  • a second input 102 may be a plurality of electrodes.
  • the electric current may run through a plurality of electrodes connected to a body segment.
  • some of the plurality of electrodes may also be directly connected to the electrical energy source.
  • each of the plurality of electrodes may be connected to the electrical source.
  • Electrical impedance of the plurality of electrodes may be measured by applying a constant current through the body segment. Changes in flow of an electrical current through a body segment may occur because of changes in fluid- volume content of the body segment.
  • the fluid of a body segment may be blood. Blood is a conductive electrolyte, and the electrical impedance of a given body segment is dependent on the amount of blood within the segment. As blood enters the body segment, during each cardiac cycle or as a result of fluid redistribution, its impedance decreases. This change in electrical impedance may be measured by the plurality of electrodes.
  • a third input 102 may be a plurality of readings and calculations.
  • the plurality of readings may be electrical impedance readings including both original impedance readings and changes in fluid-volume content of a body segment.
  • the plurality of calculations may include applying mathematical equations such as a Nyboer formula to the electrical impedance readings to determine patient vital signs.
  • Patient vital signs may physiological statistic taken to assess basic bodily functions. Some common patient vital signs may include blood flow to a particular body segment and also heart rate. Please refer to the "example implementations" section of this detailed description for additional reference to the Nyboer formula.
  • Processing modules 104 generally include routines, computer programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular functions or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the processing modules 104 receive inputs 102 and apply the inputs 102 to capture and process data producing outputs 106.
  • the processing modules 104 are described in more detail by reference to FIG. 2.
  • Outputs 106 are produced by receiving the inputs 102 and applying processing modules 104 to the inputs 102.
  • the outputs 106 may include a fluid flow reading and a heart rate reading.
  • the fluid flow reading may be determined by using the plurality of calculations to calculate the fluid- volume change occurring in a body segment and multiplying that value by the heart rate reading.
  • a heart rate reading can be determined from the electrical impedance readings.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the processing modules 104 of the system shown in FIG. 1, according to various embodiments.
  • Processing modules 104 for example, comprise a current generation module 202, an electrode module 204, a signal-processing module 206, and an impedance calculation module 208.
  • the first module, a current generation module 202 may be used to generate an electric current.
  • the generated electric current may be emitted through at least one body segment.
  • the emitted electric current may be used to measure a fluid- volume content of the at least one body segment over a period of time.
  • the current generated by the current generation module 202 may be continuous.
  • the current generation module may be connected to an electrical source to generate an electrical current.
  • a current generator circuit may be used to produce a constant sinusoidal alternating current, which can be applied through a body segment.
  • the second module may have a plurality of electrodes connected to the current generation module 202 to conduct the electrical current.
  • a plurality of electrodes may be attached to at least one body segment of a patient. In one embodiment, the plurality of electrodes may be attached to multiple body segments of a patient, to measure fluid flow more accurately throughout the body of a patient. Any type of electrode may be used including bare or shielded electrodes comprised of mild steel, high-carbon steel, special alloy steel, cast iron, or nonferrous materials, among others.
  • the third module may be used to measure changes in flow of the electrical current through at least one body segment. Changes in the electrical current may occur as the fluid-volume of a body segment changes.
  • the signal-processing module 206 may use a four (4)-electrode method to determine impedance changes of the electrical current through a body segment.
  • a constant sinusoidal alternating current may be applied by the circuit generation module 202, which may pass longitudinally through a first set of electrodes (part of the electrode module 204). Next, a voltage drop is measured between a second set of electrodes (part of electrode module 204). The change in voltage of the constant sinusoidal alternating current may be used by the impedance calculation module 208 to calculate a fluid- volume content change in a body segment.
  • an impedance calculation module 208 may be used to calculate a fluid flow through a body segment. Determining a fluid-volume change in the body segment and applying a Nyboer formula calculation may do this. Changes in the electrical impedance of a body segment may occur as the fluid-volume content changes. Changes in electrical impedance readings may be recorded and as the fluid- volume content changes.
  • the fluid of a body segment may be blood. As blood enters a body segment, during each cardiac cycle or as a result of fluid redistribution, its impedance decreases. The fluid- volume content change may be determined and used in a calculation to determine fluid flow in a body segment by applying a Nyboer formula. Please refer to the "example implementations" section of this detailed description for a breakdown of the Nyboer formula.
  • an additional processing module 104 namely, a display module 210 may be used to illustrate a representation of the electrical current through the at least one body segment.
  • the display module 210 may be used to represent electrical impedance readings and calculations.
  • the display module 210 to visually project impedance readings and calculations, may use a monitor or screen display.
  • the display module 210 may illustrate numerical values of patient vital signs.
  • the display module 210 may illustrate more complex graphical and pictorial representations of patient vital signs.
  • an additional processing module 104 namely, an electrocardiogram (“ECG”) module 212 may be used to synchronize signal processing and calculation of a heart rate.
  • the ECG module 212 may produce an ECG signal, which can measure the activity of a heart over a period of time.
  • the ECG module 212 may detect the R-wave-to-R-wave interval ("RR interval"), which may be used to measure electric stimulus as it passes through the heart.
  • RR interval may be used to determine a heart rate reading.
  • a heart rate reading can be used in the calculation to determine flow of fluid through a body segment.
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a method to measure fluid in a body segment, according to an example embodiment.
  • the method 300 represents one embodiment of a fluid measurement system such as the fluid measurement system 100 described in Figs. 1 and 6, respectively.
  • the method 300 may be implemented by emitting a constant sinusoidal alternating current through a first set of electrodes attached to at least one body segment (block 302), measuring a voltage drop between a second set of electrodes attached to the at least one body segment (block 304), and calculating a fluid-volume change in the at least one body segment (block 306).
  • a constant sinusoidal alternating current is emitted through a first set of electrodes at block 302.
  • the constant sinusoidal alternating current of block 302 may be a constant current of one (1) milliampere ("mA") and one hundred (100) kilohertz ("kHz").
  • the constant sinusoidal alternating current of block 302 may pass longitudinally through the first set of electrodes.
  • the first set of electrodes of block 302 may be attached to at least one body segment. In one embodiment, the first set of electrodes may be attached to multiple body segments.
  • An electrical source may be used to generate the constant sinusoidal alternating current of block 302.
  • An electric source used to produce an electrical current may be a current generator circuit.
  • a voltage drop is measured between a second set of electrodes attached to the at least one body segment.
  • Voltage drop between electrodes may be measured using a voltmeter or calculated using Ohms law. Calculating a voltage drop between electrodes may be useful in determining the fluid- volume content change of a body segment.
  • a fluid volume change in the at least one body segment is calculated at block 306.
  • the fluid- volume change in the at least one body segment may be calculated by applying a Nyboer formula. Please refer to the "example implementations" section of this detailed description for a breakdown of the Nyboer formula.
  • the fluid volume change may be calculated after the occurrence of a fluid distribution into a body segment. In one embodiment, the occurrence of fluid redistribution may occur during a cardiac cycle.
  • the determination of fluid- volume change in a body segment may be used to measure the fluid flow in a body segment by multiplying the fluid- volume change amount by the heart rate of a patient.
  • An alternative embodiment to Fig. 3 further comprises acquiring an electrocardiogram (block 308).
  • the electrocardiogram of block 308 may be used for R- wave detection between RR intervals to synchronize signal processing and calculation of a heart rate. Determining a heart rate may be useful in measuring the fluid flow in a body segment.
  • Fig. 4 is system illustrating exemplary measurement principles to measure fluid flow in a body segment, according to an example embodiment.
  • the system 400 represents one embodiment of a fluid measurement system such as the fluid measurement system 100 described in Figs. 1 and 6, respectively.
  • the system 400 of Fig. 4 comprises a constant current 402 running through a body segment, a plurality of electrodes 404 attached to the body segment, and a plurality of calculations 406-414 used to determine patient vital signs.
  • Patient vital signs may physiological statistic taken to assess basic bodily functions.
  • a patient may be any living being including humans and animals.
  • the fluid in the body segment may be blood.
  • the related patient vital signs measured may include rate of blood flow and heart rate.
  • a constant current 402 runs through a body segment of a patient.
  • the constant current 402 may be generated by an electrical energy source.
  • An electrical energy source may be any device or apparatus capable of generating an electric current.
  • An example embodiment of an electrical energy source may be a current generator circuit.
  • the constant current 402 may be a constant sinusoidal alternating current of one (1) mA and one hundred (100) kHz.
  • the constant current 402 may pass through a plurality of electrodes 404 attached to at least one body segment.
  • the constant current 402 may pass longitudinally though the plurality of electrodes 404.
  • some of the plurality of electrodes 404 may be directly connected to the electrical energy source.
  • each of the plurality of electrodes 404 may be connected to the electrical source.
  • the plurality of electrodes 404 may be comprised of multiple sets of electrodes attached to various body segments.
  • the plurality of electrodes 404 may have three sets of electrodes.
  • a first set of electrodes may be current electrodes.
  • Current electrodes may be directly connected to the electrical source and used to measure the constant current 402.
  • a second set of electrodes may be used to measure the voltage drop between the voltage electrodes placed on various body segments.
  • the voltage electrodes may be placed on the neck and head of a patient to gain electrical impedance readings in the neck and carotid artery of a patient.
  • a third set of electrodes electrocardiogram (“ECG") electrodes, may be used to produce an electrocardiographic reading of the patient. The ECG reading may be useful in evaluating cardiovascular activity of the heart over a period of time including determining a heart rate.
  • a plurality of calculations 406-414 may be used to determine patient vital signs.
  • patient vital signs may include evaluating blood flow to a body segment.
  • One exemplary embodiment of a body segment could be a brain.
  • the system 400 may be used to determine blood flow to the brain.
  • the plurality of calculations 406- 414 may include applying the Nyboer formula to calculate fluid volume change of a body segment. Assuming that you have two body segments with different cross-sections, the following formula may be applied: J 2
  • dZ impedance change during blood flow through the artery carotid
  • the Nyboer formula may be applied to the neck and carotid artery, assuming that the neck and carotid artery form two paraxial cylinders with different cross-sections.
  • the electrical impedance reading of the voltage electrodes may be determined.
  • the impedance change during blood flow through the carotid artery is calculated. Both the electrical impedance reading of the voltage electrodes and the impedance change during blood flow through the carotid artery may be used in the Nyboer calculation at block 410.
  • the resulting calculation from block 410 produces the change in fluid volume (in milliliters "mL") of a body segment. In an exemplary embodiment, this value may be used to calculate the blood flow to a body segment such as the brain.
  • the ECG electrodes may be read at block 412.
  • a heart rate may be determined from the ECG reading at block 414.
  • a blood flow calculation 416 representing blood flow to a body segment can be determined by taking the change in fluid volume of the body segment and multiplying that value by the heart rate of the patient.
  • a software program may be launched from a non-transitory computer-readable medium in a computer-based system to execute functions defined in the software program.
  • Various programming languages may be employed to create software programs designed to implement and perform the methods disclosed herein.
  • the programs may be structured in an object-orientated format using an object-oriented language such as Java or C++.
  • the programs may be structured in a procedure- orientated format using a procedural language, such as assembly or C.
  • the software components may communicate using a number of mechanisms well known to those skilled in the art, such as application program interfaces or inter-process communication techniques, including remote procedure calls.
  • the teachings of various embodiments are not limited to any particular programming language or environment. Thus, other embodiments may be realized, as discussed regarding Figs. 5 and 6 below.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an apparatus to measure blood flow, according to an example embodiment.
  • the apparatus 500 comprises a current generator circuit 502 having a plurality of channels, a plurality of electrodes 504 connected to the current generator circuit 502, a processor 506 attached to the current generator circuit 502, and a display unit 508 connected to the processor 506.
  • the apparatus may be used to measure blood flow to a body segment in a continuous and non- invasive manner.
  • the current generator circuit 502 may be used to provide a constant and sinusoidal current to the apparatus 500.
  • a constant and sinusoidal alternating current of 1 mA and 100 kHz may be passed through the apparatus 500.
  • the current generator circuit 502 may have a plurality of channels.
  • the plurality of channels may communicate with each other to relay information.
  • the plurality of channels may include an electrical impedance channel.
  • the electrical impedance channel may allow for a number of electrical impedance readings to be detected and registered by the plurality of electrodes 504 and used in the plurality of calculations performed on the processor 506.
  • the current generator circuit 502 may have an ECG channel.
  • the ECG channel may be used to provide an ECG signal and detect the RR interval, which may be used to calculate heart rate, and also in a calculation to determine blood flow of at least one body segment.
  • a plurality of electrodes 504 may be connected to the current generator circuit 502.
  • the plurality of electrodes 504 may also be attached to at least one body segment of a patient.
  • a patient may be any living being for which vital signs may be detected, including humans and animals.
  • the plurality of electrodes 504 may be used to determine a plurality of electrical impedance readings by applying a four-electrode method to the plurality of electrodes.
  • a constant sinusoidal alternating current is passed longitudinally through a first set of electrodes (one (1) and two (2)).
  • a voltage drop is measured between a second set of electrodes (three (3) and four (4)).
  • the plurality of electrodes 504 may have more than four electrodes connected to body segments of the patient including ECG electrodes to measure an ECG signal used to evaluate a heart rate of a patient.
  • Electrical impedance measures the opposition to alternating current in a circuit. Measuring electrical impedance may capture relative amplitude, voltages and related phases of the current. Applying a constant current through a body segment may allow the plurality of electrodes 504 to capture the changes in flow of the electrical current as the fluid-volume content changes.
  • the plurality of electrical impedance readings may include a blood flow reading and a heart rate reading.
  • An original electrical impedance reading may be detected by connecting the plurality of electrodes 504 to a body segment. As the fluid- volume content changes in a body segment, derivative impedance may be detected. Both the original electrical impedance reading and the derivative electrical impedance reading may be used in the calculation of blood flow to a body segment.
  • a processor 506 may be attached to the current generator circuit 502 to compute a plurality of calculations.
  • the plurality of calculations may include applying a Nyboer formula to the plurality of electrical impedance readings to determine blood flow in a body segment. Please refer to the "example implementations" section of the detailed description for a breakdown of the Nyboer formula. Other calculations related to patient vital signs may also be included in the plurality of calculations.
  • a display unit 508 may be connected to the processor 506.
  • the display unit 508 may be used to display numeric values of both the plurality of electrical impedance readings and the plurality of calculations. Both of these readings may be used to indicate the patient's vital signs.
  • Patient vital signs detected may include blood flow and heart rate.
  • the display unit 508 may numerically illustrate the patient's heart rate and also the calculated blood flow to a body segment.
  • the display unit 508 may illustrate more complex graphical and pictorial representations of the patient's vital signs.
  • the processor 506 may generate such representations.
  • An alternative embodiment of the apparatus 500 to measure blood flow may further comprise a plurality of indicators 510 connected to the processor 506.
  • the plurality of indicators 510 may be used to indicate a health status of a patient.
  • a patient's health status may be determined from the combination of the results of the plurality of electrical impedance readings and the plurality of calculations.
  • the plurality of indicators 510 may be color-coded lights to visibly alert a health professional of the health status of the patient.
  • the plurality of indicator 510 lights may be light-emitting diodes ("LEDs").
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • a red LED may be used to indicate that the condition of a patient's health status is dangerous and attention is needed.
  • a yellow LED may be used to indicate that the patient's health status is heading towards a dangerous condition and should be monitored.
  • a green LED light may be used to indicate that the patient's health status is safe.
  • the plurality of indicators 510 may be auditory.
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a fluid measurement system, according to an example embodiment.
  • Such embodiments may comprise a computer, a memory system, a magnetic or optical disk, some other storage device, or any type of electronic device or system.
  • the computer system 600 may include one or more processor(s) 602 coupled to a non-transitory machine-accessible medium such as memory 604 (e.g., a memory including electrical, optical, or electromagnetic elements).
  • the medium may contain associated information 606 (e.g. computer program instructions, data, or both) which when accessed, results in a machine (e.g. the processor(s) 602) performing the activities previously described herein.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des systèmes et des procédés permettant de mesurer un fluide dans un segment de corps. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne un système informatique utilisé pour mesurer un fluide dans un segment de corps. Un module de génération de courant peut être utilisé pour émettre un signal électrique dans au moins un segment de corps. Le courant électrique permet de mesurer la proportion de fluide en volume du/des segment(s) de corps. Un module d'électrodes doté d'une pluralité d'électrodes peut être relié au module de génération de courant. Un module de traitement de signal permet de mesurer des changements de courant électrique à travers le/les segment(s) de corps. Un module d'impédance peut être utilisé en outre pour calculer la variation du fluide en volume dans le(s) segment(s) de corps et déterminer le flux de fluide à travers au moins un segment de corps. D'autres modes de réalisation sont également décrits.
PCT/US2011/062486 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Systèmes et procédés de mesure d'un fluide dans un segment de corps WO2013081586A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/062486 WO2013081586A1 (fr) 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Systèmes et procédés de mesure d'un fluide dans un segment de corps
US14/287,974 US9895069B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2014-05-27 Systems and methods to measure fluid in a body segment
US15/189,201 US10398330B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2016-06-22 Systems and methods to measure fluid in a body segment
US15/189,118 US10098556B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2016-06-22 Systems and methods to measure fluid in a body segment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/062486 WO2013081586A1 (fr) 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Systèmes et procédés de mesure d'un fluide dans un segment de corps

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US14/287,974 Continuation US9895069B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2014-05-27 Systems and methods to measure fluid in a body segment

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6511438B2 (en) * 2001-04-03 2003-01-28 Osypka Medical Gmbh Apparatus and method for determining an approximation of the stroke volume and the cardiac output of the heart
US20080275352A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2008-11-06 Aharon Shapira Cerebral Perfusion Monitor
US20090259132A1 (en) * 2004-06-16 2009-10-15 Cordeus, Inc. Apparatus And Method For Determination Of Stroke Volume Using The Brachial Artery

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6511438B2 (en) * 2001-04-03 2003-01-28 Osypka Medical Gmbh Apparatus and method for determining an approximation of the stroke volume and the cardiac output of the heart
US20080275352A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2008-11-06 Aharon Shapira Cerebral Perfusion Monitor
US20090259132A1 (en) * 2004-06-16 2009-10-15 Cordeus, Inc. Apparatus And Method For Determination Of Stroke Volume Using The Brachial Artery

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