WO2013072123A1 - Wave energy converter with electro-active polymers - Google Patents
Wave energy converter with electro-active polymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013072123A1 WO2013072123A1 PCT/EP2012/069423 EP2012069423W WO2013072123A1 WO 2013072123 A1 WO2013072123 A1 WO 2013072123A1 EP 2012069423 W EP2012069423 W EP 2012069423W WO 2013072123 A1 WO2013072123 A1 WO 2013072123A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wave energy
- energy converter
- water
- swell
- converter
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001746 electroactive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
- F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
- F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
- F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
- F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
- F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
- F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/709—Piezoelectric means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wave energy converter which uses the waves of a body of water to generate electrical energy.
- An electroactive polymer generator comprises an electrode, a counter electrode and a dielectric elastomer which is mechanically connected to a float by means of a coupling element and a connecting element.
- the float floats on a water surface and follows the wave motion on the water surface. The movement of the float is transferred to the polymer generator and converted into Dehnzucons.
- an acceleration sensor detects the movement of the polymer generator and transmits the measured data via a signal line to a control unit.
- the control unit is connected to a generator circuit which discharges electrodes in the polymer generator. As a result, the recovered electrical energy is harnessed for feeding into a charging battery, a buffer or a network.
- the wave energy converter proposed according to the invention has an area which faces a watershed.
- the area has walls that are designed so that water can enter the area.
- a two-dimensional force transducer is included, which is linearly movable in the area, which faces the waters with swell.
- the pressure force transducer is in contact with the water, and absorbs pressure forces that arise in the water due to the swell.
- the pressure forces on the pressure transducer are not timely due to the wave characteristics constant.
- the swell causes a periodic movement of the pressure force transducer.
- the pressure transducer is mechanically coupled to a transducer module.
- the converter module absorbs the inherent movement of the pressure force transducer, as a result of which deformations, for example strains and / or compressions, occur in the converter module.
- the converter module converts the deformations into electrical energy.
- the transducer module is designed as an electroactive polymer.
- the energy converter can be designed such that the electroactive polymer is formed from a plurality of electroactive polymers, which in one
- Stack arrangement are mounted. Such a stack arrangement increases the yield of electrical energy that is obtained from the waves.
- the waves are the waves.
- Wave energy converter be designed such that the pressure transducer wave-induced pressure forces that are exerted by the waters with swell in a rectilinear motion own. Furthermore, an embodiment is preferred in which the
- Transducer module on a back which faces away from the pressure transducer, is stationarily counter-mounted.
- the area facing the tidal waters is oriented substantially vertically.
- the pressure force transducer is aligned horizontally, and closes the area that faces the water, substantially waterproof.
- Pressure transducer encloses the wall of the area, which faces the water, a part of the water body.
- the pressure transducer absorbs pressure forces during operation that arise as a result of a vertical component of the wave motion.
- the area facing the body of water may be oriented horizontally, and the pressure force transducer may close the area standing vertically upright at the edges substantially watertight.
- the pressure force transducer may close the area standing vertically upright at the edges substantially watertight.
- Pressure transducer encloses the wall part of the water with swell. The area facing the water is completely below the water level of the water body. The pressure transducer absorbs forces that are caused as a result of a horizontal component of a wave movements of the water. Furthermore, the wave energy converter can be designed such that the converter module is located on a second side of the pressure force transducer, which with the water
- the transducer module will not contact water and may be used under controlled operating conditions.
- the wave energy converter may alternatively be designed such that the
- Pressure transducer is designed as a floating body.
- the float floats on the surface of the water, and follows its wave movements.
- the float is coupled via a lever to the transducer module, and transmits by means of the lever, the wave motion of the water body on the transducer module.
- the wave energy converter is preferably installed on a coast, where the waters with swell is a sea.
- the electrical power that generates the converter module in operation is preferably fed by means of power electronics in a power grid.
- Power electronics are designed to regulate voltage and current at the converter module and / or to provide a voltage that is compatible with the power grid.
- Wave energy converter Furthermore, several such wave energy converters can be combined to form a wave energy power plant.
- wave energy power plant which is designed as a floating power plant.
- wave energy power plant which is designed as a floating power plant.
- at least one wave energy converter floats on a water surface of a
- the wave energy converter according to the invention uses a flat pressure force transducer, which is provided in an area which faces the water.
- the plane is provided in an area which faces the water.
- the wave energy converter makes use of electroactive polymers for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electroactive polymers can reach high strains and can be mechanically deformed relatively heavily. As a result, electroactive polymers are able to follow the wave motions and convert them into electrical energy. Furthermore, electroactive polymers have a natural frequency, which in one
- Size range is equal to the period of a wave.
- An elongation length of an electroactive polymer is in the same size range as a length of one
- electroactive polymers are able to achieve a high energy density in the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can be converted even with small amounts of electroactive polymer large amounts of energy.
- the energy conversion is done with high efficiency, which is independent of the elongation of the electroactive polymer.
- electroactive polymers are non-toxic, and are corrosion resistant. Furthermore, electroactive polymers withstand a high number of stress and relaxation cycles, have a low density, and are inexpensive to manufacture. As a result, electroactive polymers can be safely used on an industrial scale.
- Electroactive polymers are thus suitable for use near the coast or on the open sea. Furthermore, electroactive polymers are to be introduced in stack arrangements, as a result of which efficient converter modules can be produced.
- the electroactive polymers are each coated with an electrode made of a conductive material.
- the wave energy converter according to the invention thereby allows an improved conversion of compressive forces into electrical energy.
- the first embodiment of the wave energy converter according to the invention in which the area facing the body of water, is vertically aligned, in this case allows to implement the vertical component of a wave motion in self-motion. Waves that have vertical force components are thereby efficiently detected, and made energetically usable. Further ensures the watertight closure of the area, which faces the water, by the pressure transducer a maximum pressure difference on both sides of the pressure force transducer. As a result, the proper movement of the Druckkraftaufêts is maximized.
- the wave energy converter according to the invention realizes the principle of an oscillating water column or Oscillating Water Column (OWC).
- Oscillating Water Column Oscillating Water Column
- Float is designed, an efficient, simple and inexpensive installation of the wave energy converter.
- the converter module allows to adjust the lifting height on the converter module to the height of the waves by selecting the lever lengths. Further, the number of components in contact with water is reduced. Corrosion-prone components can be installed and protected on land. Furthermore, components installed on land can be easily maintained and replaced. The float is easily accessible and can also be easily serviced and replaced.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of the wave energy converter according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of the invention
- a wave energy converter 20 comprises a region 22 which faces a body of water 10 with swell 1 1.
- the area 22 is bounded by a wall 26, which extends partially below the water level of the water body 10.
- a planar pressure force transducer 24 is received, which is oriented substantially horizontally.
- the flat force transducer 24 closes off the region 22 at edges substantially watertight by means of a closure 38.
- a first side 25 of the pressure force transducer 24 is in contact with the body of water 10, while a second side 27 of the pressure force transducer 24 is not in contact with the body of water 10.
- the pressure force transducer 24 absorbs wave-induced pressure forces of the water body 10, and converts these into a vertical proper movement.
- the converter module 28 is designed as a stack arrangement 32 of electroactive polymers 30, and provided with a stationary counter bearing 48 on a rear side 29 facing away from the converter module 28.
- a linear proper movement 34 of the pressure force transducer 24 is via a mechanical coupling 36 in a mechanical deformation, so. e.g. Strains and compressions, the converter module 28 implemented.
- the strains and compressions of the converter module 28 are converted into electrical energy.
- the electrical energy obtained by means of the converter module 28 is further electrically converted by means of power electronics 44, and fed into a power network 46.
- a power grid 46 an intermediate storage for electrical energy, for example a battery, can be fed.
- the wave energy converter in FIG. 2 has a region 22 which faces the body of water 10.
- the water 10 facing area 22 is through a wall 26th limited, wherein the wall 26 encloses a part of the body of water 10.
- the region 22 is aligned substantially horizontally and is provided with a vertically oriented Druckkraftaufillon 24.
- the pressure force transducer 24 is movably received in the area 22, wherein the pressure force transducer 24 at its edge by means of a
- a body of water 10 with swell 1 1 facing away from the second side 27 of the pressure force transducer 24 is a
- Moving module 28 which is formed as a stack assembly 32 of electroactive polymers 30.
- the stack arrangement 32 of electroactive polymers 30 is fastened to a rear side 29 facing away from the converter module 28 by means of a stationary counter bearing 48.
- the converter module 28 is connected to the pressure force transducer 24 via a mechanical coupling 36.
- the pressure force transducer 24 absorbs wave-induced pressure forces in the horizontal direction, and converts these into a linear proper movement 34.
- the mechanical coupling 36 is the linear
- the stack assembly 32 of electroactive polymers 30 implemented.
- the electroactive polymers 30 convert the mechanical
- the electrical energy thus obtained is further converted by means of power electronics 44 to the effect that the electrical power obtained can be fed into a power grid 46.
- a buffer for electrical energy such as a battery, are fed.
- the embodiment of the wave energy converter according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 has a pressure force transducer 24, which is designed as a floating body 42.
- the float 42 floats on the surface of the water body 10 with swell 1 1, and sets the wave motion in a vertical linear motion 34 itself.
- Float 42 has a rotatable bearing on which a lever 40 is attached. Furthermore, the lever 40 is coupled to an electroactive polymer 30 located on land. In this case, the electroactive polymer 30 is fixedly mounted by means of a stationary counter bearing 48. The lever 40 transmits the vertical linear motion 34 of the
- the electroactive polymer 30 converts the mechanical deformations into electrical energy. In the transformation of the mechanical deformations into electrical energy, the mechanical deformations cause a charge transport in the
- the charge transport can be tapped by means of electrodes be used and as electrical energy.
- the electroactive polymer 30 is preferably formed as a dielectric polymer.
- the electroactive polymer 30 is formed as a piezoelectric, electrostrictive, ionic, polymer, liquid crystal polymer, electrostrictive graft polymer, electrorheological fluid, or ionic polymer-metal composite.
Abstract
The invention relates to a wave energy converter (20) for the recovery of electrical energy. The wave energy converter (20) comprises a region (22) open towards a body of water (10) having a swell (11) and is provided with a moveable, flat pressure force receiver (24). The pressure force receiver (24) has a first side (25) facing the body of water (10) and a second side (27) facing away from the body of water (10). The wave energy converter (20) additionally has an electrical-mechanical converter module (28) that is mechanically coupled (36) to the pressure force receiver (24). The converter module (28) is designed for a conversion of an intrinsic movement (44) of the pressure force receiver (24) into electrical voltage, wherein the converter module (28) is designed as at least one electro-active polymer (30).
Description
Beschreibung Titel Description title
Wellenenergiewandler mit elektroaktiven Polymeren Stand der Technik Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wellenenergiewandler, der den Wellengang eines Gewässers nutzt, um elektrische Energie zu erzeugen. The invention relates to a wave energy converter which uses the waves of a body of water to generate electrical energy.
DE 10 2009 058 984 A1 offenbart einen elektroaktiven Polymergenerator zur Wandlung von mechanischer Energie in elektrische Energie. Eine Mehrzahl dieser wird in DE 10 2009 058 984 A1 discloses an electroactive polymer generator for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. A majority of these will be in
Wellenenergieanlagen zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie eingesetzt. Ein elektroaktiver Polymergenerator umfasst eine Elektrode, eine Gegenelektrode und ein dielektrisches Elastomer, das mittels eines Kopplungselements und einem Verbindungselement, mit einem Schwimmkörper mechanisch verbunden ist. Der Schwimmkörper schwimmt auf einer Wasseroberfläche und folgt der Wellenbewegung auf der Wasseroberfläche. Die Bewegung des Schwimmkörpers wird auf den Polymergenerator übertragen und in Dehnzustände umgesetzt. Dabei erfasst ein Beschleunigungssensor die Bewegung des Polymergenerators und übertragt die Messdaten über eine Signalleitung an eine Steuereinheit. Die Steuereinheit ist mit einer Generatorschaltung verbunden, die Elektroden im Polymergenerator entlädt. Dadurch wird die gewonnene elektrische Energie für eine Einspeisung in eine Ladebatterie, einen Zwischenspeicher oder ein Netz nutzbar gemacht. Wave energy plants used for the production of electrical energy. An electroactive polymer generator comprises an electrode, a counter electrode and a dielectric elastomer which is mechanically connected to a float by means of a coupling element and a connecting element. The float floats on a water surface and follows the wave motion on the water surface. The movement of the float is transferred to the polymer generator and converted into Dehnzustände. In this case, an acceleration sensor detects the movement of the polymer generator and transmits the measured data via a signal line to a control unit. The control unit is connected to a generator circuit which discharges electrodes in the polymer generator. As a result, the recovered electrical energy is harnessed for feeding into a charging battery, a buffer or a network.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Wellenenergiewandler weist einen Bereich auf, der einem Gewässer mit Wellengang zugewandt ist. Der Bereich weist Wandungen auf, die so ausgebildet sind, dass Wasser in den Bereich eintreten kann. In dem Bereich ist ein flächiger Druckkraftaufnehmer aufgenommen, der im Bereich, der dem Gewässer mit Wellengang zugewandt ist, linear beweglich ist. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer steht hierbei in Kontakt mit dem Wasser, und nimmt Druckkräfte auf, die im Gewässer infolge des Wellengangs entstehen. Die Druckkräfte auf den Druckaufnehmer sind durch die Wellencharakteristik zeitlich nicht
konstant. Der Wellengang bewirkt eine periodische Bewegung des Druckkraftaufnehmers. Dabei ist der Druckkraftaufnehmer mechanisch mit einem Wandlermodul gekoppelt. Das Wandlermodul nimmt die Eigenbewegung des Druckkraftaufnehmers auf, wodurch im Wandlermodul Verformungen, etwa Dehnungen und/oder Stauchungen auftreten. Das Wandlermodul setzt die Verformungen in elektrische Energie um. Das Wandlermodul ist als ein elektroaktives Polymer ausgebildet. The wave energy converter proposed according to the invention has an area which faces a watershed. The area has walls that are designed so that water can enter the area. In the area, a two-dimensional force transducer is included, which is linearly movable in the area, which faces the waters with swell. The pressure force transducer is in contact with the water, and absorbs pressure forces that arise in the water due to the swell. The pressure forces on the pressure transducer are not timely due to the wave characteristics constant. The swell causes a periodic movement of the pressure force transducer. The pressure transducer is mechanically coupled to a transducer module. The converter module absorbs the inherent movement of the pressure force transducer, as a result of which deformations, for example strains and / or compressions, occur in the converter module. The converter module converts the deformations into electrical energy. The transducer module is designed as an electroactive polymer.
Des Weiteren kann der Energiewandler so ausgeführt sein, dass das elektroaktive Polymer aus einer Mehrzahl von elektroaktiven Polymeren ausgebildet ist, die in einer Furthermore, the energy converter can be designed such that the electroactive polymer is formed from a plurality of electroactive polymers, which in one
Stapelanordnung angebracht sind. Eine derartige Stapelanordnung erhöht die Ausbeute an elektrischer Energie, die aus dem Wellengang erzielt wird. Insbesondere kann der Stack arrangement are mounted. Such a stack arrangement increases the yield of electrical energy that is obtained from the waves. In particular, the
Wellenenergiewandler derart ausgeführt sein, dass der Druckaufnehmer welleninduzierte Druckkräfte, die durch das Gewässer mit Wellengang ausgeübt werden, in eine geradlinige Eigenbewegung umsetzt. Ferner wird eine Ausführungsform bevorzugt, in der das Wave energy converter be designed such that the pressure transducer wave-induced pressure forces that are exerted by the waters with swell in a rectilinear motion own. Furthermore, an embodiment is preferred in which the
Wandlermodul auf einer Rückseite, die dem Druckaufnehmer abgewandt ist, stationär gegengelagert ist. Transducer module on a back, which faces away from the pressure transducer, is stationarily counter-mounted.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Bereich, der dem Gewässer mit Wellengang zugewandt ist, im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichtet. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer ist hierbei horizontal ausgerichtet, und verschließt den Bereich, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, im Wesentlichen wasserdicht. Auf einer dem Gewässer zugewandten ersten Seite des In one embodiment of the invention, the area facing the tidal waters is oriented substantially vertically. The pressure force transducer is aligned horizontally, and closes the area that faces the water, substantially waterproof. On a first side of the waterfront
Druckkraftaufnehmers umschließt die Wandung des Bereichs, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, einen Teil des Gewässers. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer nimmt im Betrieb Druckkräfte auf, die infolge einer vertikalen Komponente der Wellenbewegung entstehen. Pressure transducer encloses the wall of the area, which faces the water, a part of the water body. The pressure transducer absorbs pressure forces during operation that arise as a result of a vertical component of the wave motion.
Alternativ kann der Bereich, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, horizontal ausgerichtet sein, und der Druckkraftaufnehmer den Bereich vertikal stehend an den Rändern im Wesentlichen wasserdicht verschließen. Auf einer dem Gewässer zugewandten ersten Seite des Alternatively, the area facing the body of water may be oriented horizontally, and the pressure force transducer may close the area standing vertically upright at the edges substantially watertight. On a first side of the waterfront
Druckkraftaufnehmers umschließt die Wandung einen Teil des Gewässers mit Wellengang. Der Bereich, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, befindet sich hierbei vollständig unter dem Wasserspiegel des Gewässers. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer nimmt hierbei Kräfte auf, die infolge einer horizontalen Komponente einer Wellenbewegungen des Gewässers verursacht werden.
Ferner kann der Wellenenergiewandler derart ausgebildet sein, dass das Wandlermodul sich auf einer zweiten Seite des Druckkraftaufnehmers befindet, die dem Gewässer mit Pressure transducer encloses the wall part of the water with swell. The area facing the water is completely below the water level of the water body. The pressure transducer absorbs forces that are caused as a result of a horizontal component of a wave movements of the water. Furthermore, the wave energy converter can be designed such that the converter module is located on a second side of the pressure force transducer, which with the water
Wellengang abgewandt ist. Das Wandlermodul tritt dadurch nicht in Kontakt mit Wasser, und kann unter kontrollierten Betriebsbedingungen eingesetzt werden. Waves facing away. The transducer module will not contact water and may be used under controlled operating conditions.
Der Wellenenergiewandler kann alternativ derart ausgebildet sein, dass der The wave energy converter may alternatively be designed such that the
Druckkraftaufnehmer als Schwimmkörper ausgebildet ist. Der Schwimmkörper schwimmt hierbei an der Oberfläche des Gewässers, und folgt dessen Wellenbewegungen. Der Schwimmkörper ist über einen Hebel mit dem Wandlermodul gekoppelt, und überträgt mittels des Hebels die Wellenbewegung des Gewässers auf das Wandlermodul. Pressure transducer is designed as a floating body. The float floats on the surface of the water, and follows its wave movements. The float is coupled via a lever to the transducer module, and transmits by means of the lever, the wave motion of the water body on the transducer module.
Der Wellenenergiewandler wird bevorzugt an einer Küste installiert, wobei das Gewässer mit Wellengang ein Meer ist. Die elektrische Leistung, die das Wandlermodul im Betrieb erzeugt, wird bevorzugt mittels einer Leistungselektronik in ein Stromnetz eingespeist. Die The wave energy converter is preferably installed on a coast, where the waters with swell is a sea. The electrical power that generates the converter module in operation is preferably fed by means of power electronics in a power grid. The
Leistungselektronik ist dazu ausgebildet, Spannung und Strom am Wandlermodul zu regeln und/oder eine gegenüber dem Stromnetz kompatible Spannung zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Installation des erfindungsgemäßen Wellenenergiewandlers an einer Küste ermöglicht eine einfache Anbindung an ein Stromnetz, und erlaubt eine einfache Wartung des Power electronics are designed to regulate voltage and current at the converter module and / or to provide a voltage that is compatible with the power grid. The installation of the wave energy converter according to the invention on a coast allows easy connection to a power grid, and allows easy maintenance of the
Wellenenergiewandlers. Ferner können mehrere derartige Wellenenergiewandler zu einem Wellenenergiekraftwerk zusammengefasst werden. Wave energy converter. Furthermore, several such wave energy converters can be combined to form a wave energy power plant.
Alternativ können mehrere Wellenenergiewandler zu einem Wellenenergiekraftwerk zusammengefasst werden, das als schwimmendes Kraftwerk ausgebildet ist. Hierbei schwimmt mindestens ein Wellenenergiewandler auf einer Wasseroberfläche eines Alternatively, several wave energy converters can be combined to form a wave energy power plant, which is designed as a floating power plant. Here, at least one wave energy converter floats on a water surface of a
Gewässers. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass mehrere an der Küste installierten Wellenenergiewandler zu einem Kraftwerk zusammengeschlossen werden. Water body. In an alternative embodiment, it is provided that several wave energy converters installed on the coast are combined to form a power plant.
Vorteile der Erfindung Advantages of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Wellenenergiewandler nutzt einen flächigen Druckkraftaufnehmer, der in einen Bereich vorgesehen ist, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist. Der flächige The wave energy converter according to the invention uses a flat pressure force transducer, which is provided in an area which faces the water. The plane
Druckaufnehmer ist wartungsarm und erlaubt der flächige Druckkraftaufnehmer die Nutzung hydrostatischer Kräfte, die schon bei geringem Wellengang relativ groß sind. Durch das Aufnehmen hoher Kräfte kann eine hohe Energieausbeute des Wellenenergiewandlers
erreicht werden. Ferner macht sich der erfindungsgemäße Wellenenergiewandler elektroaktive Polymere zur Wandlung von mechanischer in elektrischer Energie zunutze. Elektroaktive Polymere können hohe Dehnungen erreichen, und können mechanisch verhältnismäßig stark verformt werden. Dadurch sind elektroaktive Polymere in der Lage, den Wellenbewegungen zu folgen, und diese in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln. Des Weiteren weisen elektroaktive Polymere eine Eigenfrequenz auf, die in einem Pressure transducer is low maintenance and allows the flat pressure transducer the use of hydrostatic forces that are relatively large even at low swell. By absorbing high forces, a high energy yield of the wave energy converter be achieved. Furthermore, the wave energy converter according to the invention makes use of electroactive polymers for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electroactive polymers can reach high strains and can be mechanically deformed relatively heavily. As a result, electroactive polymers are able to follow the wave motions and convert them into electrical energy. Furthermore, electroactive polymers have a natural frequency, which in one
Größenbereich liegt, der der Periodendauer einer Welle entspricht. Eine Dehnungslänge eines elektroaktiven Polymers liegt im gleichen Größenbereich wie eine Länge eines Size range is equal to the period of a wave. An elongation length of an electroactive polymer is in the same size range as a length of one
Wellenhubs. Ferner sind elektroaktive Polymere in der Lage, eine hohe Energiedichte bei der Umwandlung von mechanischer Energie in elektrische Energie zu erreichen, wodurch bereits mit geringen Mengen von elektroaktivem Polymer große Energiemengen umgewandelt werden können. Dabei geschieht die Energieumwandlung mit hoher Effektivität, die unabhängig von der Dehnung des elektroaktiven Polymers ist. Des Weiteren sind Wellenhubs. Furthermore, electroactive polymers are able to achieve a high energy density in the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can be converted even with small amounts of electroactive polymer large amounts of energy. The energy conversion is done with high efficiency, which is independent of the elongation of the electroactive polymer. Furthermore are
elektroaktive Polymere nicht giftig, und sind korrosionsbeständig. Ferner halten elektroaktive Polymere einer hohen Zahl von Spannungs- und Entspannungszyklen stand, weisen eine niedrige Dichte auf, und sind preisgünstig herzustellen. Dadurch können elektroaktive Polymere gefahrlos in großtechnischem Maßstab eingesetzt werden. Die electroactive polymers are non-toxic, and are corrosion resistant. Furthermore, electroactive polymers withstand a high number of stress and relaxation cycles, have a low density, and are inexpensive to manufacture. As a result, electroactive polymers can be safely used on an industrial scale. The
Korrosionsbeständigkeit erlaubt, elektroaktive Polymere auch ohne besondere Corrosion resistance allows electroactive polymers even without special
Schutzmaßnahmen in Umgebungen einzusetzen, die aufgrund ihrer Feuchtigkeit, To use protective measures in environments which, due to their moisture,
Luftfeuchtigkeit oder ihres Salzgehaltes der Luft ein hohes Korrosionsrisiko bergen. Humidity or their salt content of the air pose a high risk of corrosion.
Elektroaktive Polymere eignen sich dadurch für den Einsatz in Küstennähe oder auf dem offenen Meer. Ferner sind elektroaktive Polymere in Stapelanordnungen einzubringen, wodurch leistungsfähige Wandlermodule herstellbar sind. Dabei sind die elektroaktiven Polymere jeweils mit einer Elektrode aus einem leitfähigen Material beschichtet. Electroactive polymers are thus suitable for use near the coast or on the open sea. Furthermore, electroactive polymers are to be introduced in stack arrangements, as a result of which efficient converter modules can be produced. The electroactive polymers are each coated with an electrode made of a conductive material.
Die Umsetzung von welleninduzierten Druckkräften durch den Druckaufnehmer in The implementation of wave-induced pressure forces by the pressure transducer in
geradlinige Eigenbewegungen gewährleistet eine optimale Anregung des elektroaktiven Polymers. Elektroaktive Polymere wandeln Dehn- und Stauchbewegungen in elektrische Energie um, wobei eine geradlinige Beanspruchung die höchste Umwandlungseffizienz bietet. Der erfindungsgemäße Wellenenergiewandler erlaubt dadurch eine verbesserte Umsetzung von Druckkräften in elektrische Energie. Die erste Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wellenenergiewandlers, in dem der Bereich, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, vertikal ausgerichtet ist, erlaubt hierbei die vertikale Komponente eines Wellengangs in Eigenbewegung umzusetzen. Wellen, die vertikale Kraftkomponenten aufweisen, werden dadurch effizient erfasst, und energetisch nutzbar gemacht. Ferner
gewährleistet der wasserdichte Verschluss des Bereichs, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, durch den Druckkraftaufnehmer eine maximale Druckdifferenz auf beiden Seiten des Druckkraftaufnehmers. Hierdurch wird die Eigenbewegung des Druckkraftaufnehmers maximiert. Der Bereich, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, erstreckt sich teilweise unter dem Wasserspiegel des Gewässers, wodurch gewährleistet ist, dass jegliche Wellenbewegung des Gewässers zu einer Auslenkung des Druckkraftaufnehmers führt. Dabei verwirklicht der erfindungsgemäße Wellenenergiewandler das Prinzip einer oszillierenden Wassersäule bzw. Oscillating Water Column (OWC). In gleicher Art und Weise erlaubt eine zweite Ausführungsform, bei der der Bereich, der dem Gewässer zugewandt ist, im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist, eine effiziente straight-line motions ensure optimal excitation of the electroactive polymer. Electroactive polymers convert strain and compression into electrical energy, with straight-line stress providing the highest conversion efficiency. The wave energy converter according to the invention thereby allows an improved conversion of compressive forces into electrical energy. The first embodiment of the wave energy converter according to the invention, in which the area facing the body of water, is vertically aligned, in this case allows to implement the vertical component of a wave motion in self-motion. Waves that have vertical force components are thereby efficiently detected, and made energetically usable. Further ensures the watertight closure of the area, which faces the water, by the pressure transducer a maximum pressure difference on both sides of the pressure force transducer. As a result, the proper movement of the Druckkraftaufnehmers is maximized. The area that faces the water partially extends below the water level of the water, which ensures that any wave movement of the water leads to a deflection of the pressure force transducer. In this case, the wave energy converter according to the invention realizes the principle of an oscillating water column or Oscillating Water Column (OWC). In the same way, a second embodiment, in which the area facing the body of water is substantially horizontally aligned, allows an efficient one
Umwandlung der weileninduzierten Druckkräfte, die eine horizontale Kraftkomponente haben, in elektrische Energie. Werden die erste und die zweite Ausführungsform kombiniert, so können welleninduzierte Druckkräfte mit beliebigen Orientierungen genutzt werden, um elektrische Energie zu gewinnen. Hierdurch wird eine hohe Effizienz bei der Umwandlung von Wellenenergie in elektrische Energie erzielt. Converting the moment-induced compressive forces, which have a horizontal component of force, into electrical energy. If the first and second embodiments are combined, wave-induced compressive forces with arbitrary orientations can be used to obtain electrical energy. As a result, a high efficiency in the conversion of wave energy into electrical energy is achieved.
Ferner erlaubt ein Wellenenergiewandler, bei dem der Druckkraftaufnehmer als Further allows a wave energy converter, in which the pressure force transducer as
Schwimmkörper ausgebildet ist, eine effiziente, einfache und kostengünstige Installation des Wellenenergiewandlers. Eine mechanische Kopplung des Schwimmkörpers mit dem Float is designed, an efficient, simple and inexpensive installation of the wave energy converter. A mechanical coupling of the float with the
Wandlermodul erlaubt durch Wahl der Hebellängen, die Hubhöhe am Wandlermodul an die Höhe des Wellengangs anzupassen. Ferner wird die Anzahl an Komponenten, die mit Wasser in Kontakt stehen, reduziert. Korrosionsanfällige Komponenten können an Land installiert und geschützt werden. Des Weiteren können an Land installierte Komponenten einfach gewartet und ausgetauscht werden. Der Schwimmkörper ist leicht zugänglich und kann ebenfalls leicht gewartet und ausgetauscht werden. The converter module allows to adjust the lifting height on the converter module to the height of the waves by selecting the lever lengths. Further, the number of components in contact with water is reduced. Corrosion-prone components can be installed and protected on land. Furthermore, components installed on land can be easily maintained and replaced. The float is easily accessible and can also be easily serviced and replaced.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand verschiedener Ausführungsformen dargestellt. Brief Description of the Drawings The invention will now be illustrated by means of various embodiments.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine erste Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of the invention
Wellenenergiewandlers,
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch eine zweite Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wellenenergiewandlers, Wave energy converter FIG. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of the wave energy converter according to the invention,
Figur 3 zeigt schematisch eine dritte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen FIG. 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of the invention
Wellenenergiewandlers. Wave energy converter.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
Ein Wellenenergiewandler 20 nach Fig. 1 umfasst einen Bereich 22, der einem Gewässer 10 mit Wellengang 1 1 zugewandt ist. Der Bereich 22 wird durch eine Wandung 26 begrenzt, die sich teilweise unter dem Wasserspiegel des Gewässers 10 erstreckt. Im Bereich 22 ist ein flächiger Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 aufgenommen, der im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist. Der flächige Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 schließt den Bereich 22 an Rändern mittels eines Verschlusses 38 im Wesentlichen wasserdicht ab. Hierdurch steht eine erste Seite 25 des Druckkraftaufnehmers 24 mit dem Gewässer 10 in Kontakt, während eine zweite Seite 27 des Druckkraftaufnehmers 24 nicht in Kontakt mit dem Gewässer 10 steht. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 nimmt welleninduzierte Druckkräfte des Gewässers 10 auf, und setzt diese in eine vertikale Eigenbewegung um. Auf der zweiten Seite 27 des A wave energy converter 20 according to FIG. 1 comprises a region 22 which faces a body of water 10 with swell 1 1. The area 22 is bounded by a wall 26, which extends partially below the water level of the water body 10. In area 22, a planar pressure force transducer 24 is received, which is oriented substantially horizontally. The flat force transducer 24 closes off the region 22 at edges substantially watertight by means of a closure 38. As a result, a first side 25 of the pressure force transducer 24 is in contact with the body of water 10, while a second side 27 of the pressure force transducer 24 is not in contact with the body of water 10. The pressure force transducer 24 absorbs wave-induced pressure forces of the water body 10, and converts these into a vertical proper movement. On the second page 27 of the
Druckkraftaufnehmers 24 ist ein Wandlermodul 28 aufgenommen. Das Wandlermodul 28 ist als eine Stapelanordnung 32 von elektroaktiven Polymeren 30 ausgebildet, und auf einer dem Wandlermodul 28 abgewandten Rückseite 29 mit einem stationären Gegenlager 48 versehen. Eine lineare Eigenbewegung 34 des Druckkraftaufnehmers 24 wird über eine mechanische Kopplung 36 in eine mechanische Verformung, so. z.B. Dehnungen und Stauchungen, des Wandlermoduls 28 umgesetzt. Die Dehnungen und Stauchungen des Wandlermoduls 28 werden hierbei in elektrische Energie umgewandelt. Die mittels des Wandlermoduls 28 gewonnene elektrische Energie wird mittels einer Leistungselektronik 44 weiter elektrisch umgewandelt, und in ein Stromnetz 46 eingespeist. Alternativ kann statt eines Stromnetzes 46 ein Zwischenspeicher für elektrische Energie, beispielsweise eine Batterie, gespeist werden. Druckkraftaufnehmers 24 is a transducer module 28 is added. The converter module 28 is designed as a stack arrangement 32 of electroactive polymers 30, and provided with a stationary counter bearing 48 on a rear side 29 facing away from the converter module 28. A linear proper movement 34 of the pressure force transducer 24 is via a mechanical coupling 36 in a mechanical deformation, so. e.g. Strains and compressions, the converter module 28 implemented. The strains and compressions of the converter module 28 are converted into electrical energy. The electrical energy obtained by means of the converter module 28 is further electrically converted by means of power electronics 44, and fed into a power network 46. Alternatively, instead of a power grid 46, an intermediate storage for electrical energy, for example a battery, can be fed.
Der Wellenenergiewandler in Figur 2 weist einen Bereich 22 auf, der dem Gewässer 10 zugewandt ist. Der dem Gewässer 10 zugewandte Bereich 22 ist durch eine Wandung 26
begrenzt, wobei die Wandung 26 einen Teil des Gewässers 10 umschließt. Der Bereich 22 ist dabei im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet und ist mit einem vertikal ausgerichteten Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 versehen. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 ist im Bereich 22 beweglich aufgenommen, wobei der Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 an seinem Rand mittels eines The wave energy converter in FIG. 2 has a region 22 which faces the body of water 10. The water 10 facing area 22 is through a wall 26th limited, wherein the wall 26 encloses a part of the body of water 10. The region 22 is aligned substantially horizontally and is provided with a vertically oriented Druckkraftaufnehmer 24. The pressure force transducer 24 is movably received in the area 22, wherein the pressure force transducer 24 at its edge by means of a
Verschlusses 38 den Bereich 22 wasserdicht abschließt. Auf einer dem Gewässer 10 mit Wellengang 1 1 abgewandten zweiten Seite 27 des Druckkraftaufnehmers 24, ist ein Closure 38 the area 22 watertight. On a body of water 10 with swell 1 1 facing away from the second side 27 of the pressure force transducer 24 is a
Wandermodul 28 aufgenommen, das als eine Stapelanordnung 32 von elektroaktiven Polymeren 30 ausgebildet ist. Die Stapelanordnung 32 von elektroaktiven Polymeren 30 ist hierbei an einer dem Wandlermodul 28 abgewandten Rückseite 29 mittels eines stationären Gegenlagers 48 befestigt. Ferner ist das Wandlermodul 28 über eine mechanische Kopplung 36 mit dem Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 verbunden. Der Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 nimmt welleninduzierte Druckkräfte in horizontaler Richtung auf, und setzt diese in eine lineare Eigenbewegung 34 um. Mittels der mechanischen Kopplung 36 wird die lineare Moving module 28 which is formed as a stack assembly 32 of electroactive polymers 30. In this case, the stack arrangement 32 of electroactive polymers 30 is fastened to a rear side 29 facing away from the converter module 28 by means of a stationary counter bearing 48. Furthermore, the converter module 28 is connected to the pressure force transducer 24 via a mechanical coupling 36. The pressure force transducer 24 absorbs wave-induced pressure forces in the horizontal direction, and converts these into a linear proper movement 34. By means of the mechanical coupling 36 is the linear
Eigenbewegung 34 des Druckkraftaufnehmers 24 in mechanische Verformungen, wie Dehnungen und Stauchungen, der Stapelanordnung 32 von elektroaktiven Polymeren 30 umgesetzt. Hierbei wandeln die elektroaktiven Polymere 30 die mechanischen Own movement 34 of the pressure force transducer 24 in mechanical deformations, such as strains and compressions, the stack assembly 32 of electroactive polymers 30 implemented. In this case, the electroactive polymers 30 convert the mechanical
Verformungen in elektrische Energie um. Die hierbei gewonnene elektrische Energie wird mittels einer Leistungselektronik 44 weiter dahingehend umgewandelt, dass die gewonnene elektrische Leistung in ein Stromnetz 46 eingespeist werden kann. Alternativ kann statt des Stromnetzes 46 ein Zwischenspeicher für elektrische Energie, beispielsweise eine Batterie, gespeist werden. Deformations into electrical energy. The electrical energy thus obtained is further converted by means of power electronics 44 to the effect that the electrical power obtained can be fed into a power grid 46. Alternatively, instead of the power network 46, a buffer for electrical energy, such as a battery, are fed.
Die in Figur 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wellenenergiewandlers weist einen Druckkraftaufnehmer 24 auf, der als Schwimmkörper 42 ausgebildet ist. Der Schwimmkörper 42 schwimmt an der Oberfläche des Gewässers 10 mit Wellengang 1 1 , und setzt dessen Wellenbewegung in eine vertikale lineare Eigenbewegung 34 um. Der The embodiment of the wave energy converter according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 has a pressure force transducer 24, which is designed as a floating body 42. The float 42 floats on the surface of the water body 10 with swell 1 1, and sets the wave motion in a vertical linear motion 34 itself. Of the
Schwimmkörper 42 weist ein drehbares Lager auf, an dem ein Hebel 40 befestigt ist. Des Weiteren ist der Hebel 40 mit einem elektroaktiven Polymer 30 gekoppelt, der sich an Land befindet. Dabei ist das elektroaktive Polymer 30 mittels eines stationären Gegenlagers 48 fest gelagert. Der Hebel 40 überträgt die vertikale lineare Eigenbewegung 34 des Float 42 has a rotatable bearing on which a lever 40 is attached. Furthermore, the lever 40 is coupled to an electroactive polymer 30 located on land. In this case, the electroactive polymer 30 is fixedly mounted by means of a stationary counter bearing 48. The lever 40 transmits the vertical linear motion 34 of the
Schwimmkörpers 42 auf das elektroaktive Polymer 30, wodurch dieses mechanische verformt wird. Das elektroaktive Polymer 30 wandelt die mechanischen Verformungen in elektrische Energie. Bei der Umwandlung der mechanischen Verformungen in elektrische Energie bewirken die mechanischen Verformungen einen Ladungstransport im Float 42 on the electroactive polymer 30, whereby this mechanical deformed. The electroactive polymer 30 converts the mechanical deformations into electrical energy. In the transformation of the mechanical deformations into electrical energy, the mechanical deformations cause a charge transport in the
elektroaktiven Polymer 30. Der Ladungstransport kann mittels Elektroden abgegriffen
werden und als elektrische Energie genutzt werden. Das elektroaktive Polymer 30 ist bevorzugt als dielektrisches Polymer ausgebildet. Alternativ ist das elektroaktive Polymer 30 als piezoelektrisches, elektrostriktives, ionisches, Polymer, als Flüssigkristall-Polymer, als elektrostriktives Pfropf-Polymer, als elektrorheologische Flüssigkeit oder als ionisches Polymer-Metall-Komposit ausgebildet.
electroactive polymer 30. The charge transport can be tapped by means of electrodes be used and as electrical energy. The electroactive polymer 30 is preferably formed as a dielectric polymer. Alternatively, the electroactive polymer 30 is formed as a piezoelectric, electrostrictive, ionic, polymer, liquid crystal polymer, electrostrictive graft polymer, electrorheological fluid, or ionic polymer-metal composite.
Claims
Ansprüche 1 . Wellenenergiewandler (20) zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie, der einen Bereich (22) umfasst, der einem Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang (1 1 ) offen zugewandt ist, und mit einen beweglichen flächigen Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) mit einer dem Gewässer (10) zugewandten ersten Seite (25) und einer dem Gewässer (10) abgewandten zweiten Seite (27) versehen ist, und ein elektrisch-mechanisches Wandlermodul (28) aufweist, das mit dem Claims 1. Wave energy converter (20) for obtaining electrical energy, comprising an area (22) facing a body of water (10) with swell (1 1) open, and with a movable flat Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) with a body of water (10) facing first side (25) and a water body (10) facing away from the second side (27), and an electrically-mechanical transducer module (28) which communicates with the
Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) mechanisch gekoppelt (36) ist, und das Wandlermodul (28) zu einer Umwandlung einer Eigenbewegung (44) des Druckkraftaufnehmers (24) in elektrische Spannung ausgebildet ist, wobei das Wandlermodul (28) als mindestens ein elektroaktives Polymer (30) ausgebildet ist. Pressure transducer (24) is mechanically coupled (36), and the transducer module (28) for converting a proper movement (44) of the pressure force transducer (24) is formed in electrical voltage, wherein the transducer module (28) as at least one electroactive polymer (30) is trained.
2. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das elektroaktive Polymer (30) als Stapelanordnung (32) aus mehreren elektroaktiven Polymeren (30) ausgebildet ist, und die elektroaktiven Polymere (30) jeweils mit einer Elektrode aus einem leitfähigen Material beschichtet ist. 2. wave energy converter (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electroactive polymer (30) as a stack arrangement (32) of a plurality of electroactive polymers (30) is formed, and the electroactive polymers (30) each coated with an electrode of a conductive material is.
3. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) zu einer Umsetzung von welleninduzierten Druckkräften, die das Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang (1 1 ) ausübt, in eine lineare Eigenbewegung (34) ausgebildet ist. 3. wave energy converter (20) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) to a conversion of wave-induced compressive forces that the waters (10) with swell (1 1) exerts, in a linear self-motion (34) is.
4. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wandlermodul (28) auf einer Rückseite (29), die dem mindestens einen 4. wave energy converter (20) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the converter module (28) on a rear side (29), the at least one
elektroaktiven Polymer (30) abgewandt ist, stationär gegengelagert ist. electroactive polymer (30) facing away, is stationary counter-stored.
5. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bereich (22), der dem Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang (1 1 ) zugewandt ist, im5. shaft energy converter (20) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the region (22) facing the body of water (10) with swell (1 1), in
Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichtet ist, und durch den Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) im Is oriented substantially vertically, and by the pressure transducer (24) in the
Wesentlichen wasserdicht verschlossen ist, und der dem Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang (1 1 ) zugewandtem Bereich (22) eine Wandung (26) aufweist, die einen Teil des Gewässers (10) mit Wellengang umschließt. Essentially sealed waterproof, and the waters (10) with swell (1 1) facing region (22) has a wall (26) which surrounds a part of the body of water (10) with swell.
6. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bereich (22), der dem Gewässer mit Wellengang (10) zugewandt ist, eine Wandung (26) aufweist, die sich unterhalb des Wasserspiegels des Gewässers (10) mit Wellengang erstreckt. 6. wave energy converter (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the region (22) facing the waters with swell (10) has a wall (26) extending below the water level of the water body (10) with swell extends.
7. Wellenenergiewandler nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bereich (22), der dem Gewässer mit Wellengang (10) zugewandt ist, im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist, und unterhalb des Wasserspiegels des Gewässers (10) mit Wellengang ausgebildet ist, wobei der Bereich (22), der dem Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang zugewandt ist, durch den Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) im Wesentlichen wasserdicht verschlossen ist. 7. wave energy converter according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the region (22) facing the waters with swell (10) is oriented substantially horizontally, and below the water level of the water body (10) is formed with swell, wherein the region (22), which faces the body of water (10) with swell, is substantially watertight closed by the Druckkraftaufnehmer (24).
8. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wandlermodul (28) auf einer dem Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang abgewandten zweiten Seite (27) des Druckkraftaufnehmers (24) angeordnet ist. 8. wave energy converter (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the converter module (28) on a the water body (10) facing away from swell second side (27) of the pressure force transducer (24) is arranged.
9. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach Anspruch 1 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) über einen Hebel (40) mit dem Wandlermodul (28) gekoppelt ist, und der Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) als Schwimmkörper (42) ausgebildet ist. 9. wave energy converter (20) according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) via a lever (40) to the transducer module (28) is coupled, and the Druckkraftaufnehmer (24) is designed as a floating body (42).
10. Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wellenenergiewandler (20) an einer Küste installiert ist, und das Gewässer (10) mit Wellengang ein Meer ist, wobei die elektrische Spannung des Wandlermoduls (28) mittels einer Leistungselektronik (44) in elektrische Leistung umgewandelt und in ein Stromnetz (46) eingespeist wird. 10. wave energy converter (20) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the wave energy converter (20) is installed on a coast, and the waters (10) is a sea with swell, wherein the electrical voltage of the converter module (28) is converted by means of power electronics (44) into electrical power and fed into a power grid (46).
1 1 . Wellenenergiekraftwerk, das mindestens einen Wellenenergiewandler (20) nach jeweils einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 umfasst, wobei die Wellenenergiewandler (20) auf dem 1 1. Wave energy power plant comprising at least one wave energy converter (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the wave energy converter (20) on the
Gewässer mit Wellengang (10) schwimmen. Waters with waves (10) swim.
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DE102011086256.0 | 2011-11-14 | ||
DE102011086256A DE102011086256A1 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2011-11-14 | Wave energy converter with electroactive polymers |
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CN104079207A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Piezoelectric power generation device and method for capturing wave energy in vertical direction |
GB2517018A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2015-02-11 | F X K Patents Ltd | Impulse generator |
IT201600130691A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-23 | Scuola Superiore Santanna | WAVE MOTORCYCLE GENERATOR BASED ON A DIELECTRIC ELASTOMER WITH STIFF COMPENSATION |
CN110700987A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-17 | 天津大学 | Dielectric elastomer-based tuned liquid column wave energy collector |
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US10211761B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2019-02-19 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Systems and methods for harvesting piezoelectric energy from hydraulic pressure fluctuations |
DE102014200241A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | EAP device, use of an EAP continuous hybrid film, and methods of making the EAP device |
CN109340029B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-09-29 | 长江大学 | Multistage rigidity variable cross section beam generator and wave generator |
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Cited By (6)
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CN104079207A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Piezoelectric power generation device and method for capturing wave energy in vertical direction |
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IT201600130691A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-23 | Scuola Superiore Santanna | WAVE MOTORCYCLE GENERATOR BASED ON A DIELECTRIC ELASTOMER WITH STIFF COMPENSATION |
CN110700987A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-17 | 天津大学 | Dielectric elastomer-based tuned liquid column wave energy collector |
CN110700987B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-02-12 | 天津大学 | Dielectric elastomer-based tuned liquid column wave energy collector |
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