WO2013071508A1

WO2013071508A1 - Smart sealed valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery device

Info

Publication number: WO2013071508A1
Application number: PCT/CN2011/082381
Authority: WO
Inventors: 宋杰
Original assignee: Song Jeff
Priority date: 2011-11-17
Filing date: 2011-11-17
Publication date: 2013-05-23

Abstract

Disclosed is a smart sealed valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) storage battery device, at least comprising: a storage battery multi-parameter sensor and a sealed VRLA storage battery. The storage battery multi-parameter sensor comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a current sensor, and an internal resistance detector. The internal resistance detector applies a sine wave constant current signal with a predetermined frequency to the anode and the cathode of the sealed VRLA storage battery, and detects voltage response signals at the two ends of the sealed VRLA storage battery. Based on the amplitude value of the constant current excitation signal with the predetermined frequency and the amplitude value of the corresponding voltage response signal, the internal resistance of the sealed VRLA can be calculated according to the Ohm's law. The magnitude of the sine wave constant current signal may be automatically adjusted according to the internal impedance of the VRLA. The smart sealed VRLA storage battery device further comprises an expert system for determining the health status of the VRLA, an automatic repair function module for repairing the VRLA, and an RFID module for monitoring the whole life cycle of the VRLA.

Description

Intelligent sealed valve controlled lead-acid battery device

The present invention relates to the field of batteries, and more particularly to a smart sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device having a full lifecycle management function. Background technique

With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for sealed valve-regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA) has increased rapidly in recent years. According to official statistics, in 2010, the total output of lead-acid batteries in China was about 144 million kVA, and the total sales exceeded 100 billion yuan. In the past five years, China's lead-acid battery production and exports have maintained a growth rate of more than 20%. The lead-acid battery technology is mature and low-cost, and it is still the mainstream technology in the fields of automobile start-up, electric moped, backup power, wind power photovoltaic energy storage and so on. It is estimated that China's lead-acid batteries, which account for nearly half of global production, will still have an average annual compound growth of more than 10% in the next five years. In 2015, the national production and sales volume will reach 240 million kVA.

In the future, the key development direction of lead-acid batteries is the new lead-acid batteries such as the air-controlled sealing, colloid, coiled, bipolar, super battery, lead carbon battery, etc., its safety, specific power, specific energy and service life will be Greatly improve.

Serial VRLA is often used as a backup power source in the fields of power generation, power supply, and communication. When the AC power supply fails, the backup power supply must provide an uninterrupted power supply immediately to ensure the normal operation of the entire system. Therefore, judging the power supply capability of lead-acid batteries is very important for the reliability and safety of the above fields.

In the large-scale use of VRLA, it has been found that VRLA has many new problems that have not been encountered before, such as battery shell deformation, electrolyte leakage, electrode corrosion, insufficient capacity, battery terminal voltage unevenness, etc., battery internal terminal, same pole The phenomenon that the connecting piece and the electrode joint are corroded and broken is also more frequent than that of the open type battery, and these failures cause loss of capacity. However, there is no correlation between the VRLA battery terminal voltage and the discharge capability, which makes it difficult for the user to grasp the effective use time and failure of the VRLA battery.

In the past, the VRLA maintenance department only paid attention to the maintenance and management of the equipment part of the backup power supply, and ignored the important role of the battery pack. However, the danger of power failure was largely lurking in the battery pack. Full battery charging The characteristic is that, because there is one or several backward batteries in the battery pack, when the battery pack is in the charging state, the battery capacity is lower than the normal battery, so the battery will be charged before the normal battery, and the whole battery is turned into a floating charge. The status makes the normal battery unable to charge to saturation. Vice versa, during the discharge process, the battery pack will also discharge with the capacity of the backward battery. After several times of floating charging--discharging-discharging--floating charging, due to the influence of backward batteries, the battery capacity in the normal state is continuously decreasing, resulting in shortened backup time of the battery pack. Another situation is that when there is a backward battery in the battery pack, normal charging and discharging has inevitably caused "overcharge" and "over-discharge" to the backward battery. This "overcharge" or "over-discharge" further aggravated the damage of the backward battery and even "sudden death", causing the sudden disappearance of the entire battery capacity and the backup power system to collapse.

Since the VRLA is fully sealed, it is not possible to visually inspect its internal materials. By detecting the impedance of the VRLA, the power supply capability can be better judged. IEEE 1888-1996 clarifies that the capacity of VRLA is related to its internal resistance. By monitoring the internal resistance of VRLA, it can effectively identify failed battery cells. It is generally believed that when the internal resistance of VRLA is greater than 20%-25% of the internal resistance reference value, it can be judged to be a backward battery and needs to be monitored. If it is greater than 50%, its power supply capability is unreliable and may be "suddenly dead" at any time. Need to be replaced. Because the internal resistance of the VRLA is extremely small, the internal resistance of the VRLA of the commonly used 100-4000 ampere is about 1.3 - 0.05 milliohms, and the VRLA of the standby power supply is always in the floating state. When floating, the charging current provided by the rectifier circuit of the charger adds a large interference signal to both ends of the VRLA. In order to ensure the reliability of the backup power supply, the online internal resistance measurement must be performed under the strong interference environment of VRLA floating charging, which brings great difficulty to the detection.

Internal resistance analysis is a common method in electrochemical research and a necessary means for battery performance research and product design.

Under normal circumstances, when the battery is charging or discharging, its internal resistance R is composed of the following three parts:

R= o+Rc+ e

In the formula, Ro is an ohmic internal resistance; Rc is a concentration internal resistance; Re is an activation internal resistance.

Ohmic internal resistance Ro includes the resistance of all components such as the electrode inside the battery, diaphragm, electrolyte, connecting strip and pole. Although it changes due to grid corrosion and electrode deformation throughout the life of the battery, it can be considered constant during each detection of the internal resistance of the battery.

The concentration polarization internal resistance Rc is caused by a change in the concentration of the reactive ions, as long as an electrochemical reaction is occurring, The concentration of the reactive ions is always changing, so its value is in a state of change, the measurement method is different or the measurement duration is different, and the measured results are also different.

The activation polarization internal resistance Re is determined by the nature of the electrochemical reaction system. The battery system and structure are determined, and the activation polarization internal resistance is also determined. It changes only when the electrode structure and state change later in the battery life or when the reaction current density changes, but the value is still small.

For a long time, the detection of VRLA at home and abroad has basically adopted the "capacity discharge method". Practice has proved that although the "capacity discharge method" detection has higher reliability and accuracy, the fatal disadvantage of this method is that the battery should be tested offline, which takes a lot of time, and can only be measured once in one or two years.

In recent years, with the continuous advancement and development of science and technology, various types of VRLA internal resistance detecting instruments have been introduced in the world, and the detection methods are generally "DC discharge method" and "AC method".

1, DC discharge method

This is the earliest method to realize VRLA internal resistance detection. When detecting, the battery has a large current I of about 70A, discharges for T seconds, and detects a stable battery terminal voltage VI and a battery terminal voltage V2 after the second discharge. Calculate R equals (V2-V1) divided by I to obtain the battery resistance. However, the length of T seconds has a complicated effect on VI and V2, thus affecting the detection accuracy and the anti-interference ability of the system. The detection error may reach 5%, and it is difficult to detect batteries above 2000AH, and this method cannot use standard resistance to calibrate the detection accuracy of the instrument.

2. Communication method

This method injects a 1 - 2A AC excitation current into the battery under test, then detects the AC voltage across the battery, and then calculates the battery resistance. This method has a small excitation current. The standard resistance can be used to calibrate the instrument. However, this method requires excitation current. The large-capacity electrolytic capacitors are connected in series in the circuit, and the large-capacity electrolytic capacitor itself is not stable enough, so that the excitation current is not stable enough.

On the other hand, in the prior art, during the use of the battery, the crystallization of lead sulfate accumulated in the vicinity of the positive and negative plates causes the internal resistance of the VRLA to change and exceeds the standard requirements. In the prior art, the VRLA is not automatically repaired for this situation to make its internal resistance value meet the requirements.

Therefore, there is a need for an intelligent VRLA device that can accurately and reliably detect VRLA internal resistance, which can further perform automatic repair as needed. Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes an intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device having a full life cycle management function.

According to the present invention, there is provided a smart sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device, comprising at least a battery multi-parameter sensor and a sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery VRLA, the battery multi-parameter sensor comprising a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the VRLA, and detecting the voltage of the VRLA The voltage sensor, the current sensor for detecting the VRLA current, and the internal resistance detector are characterized in that: the internal resistance detector applies a sine wave constant current signal of a predetermined frequency to the positive and negative terminals of the sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery, and detects the sealed valve controlled lead The voltage response signal at both ends of the acid battery, based on the amplitude of the constant current excitation signal of the predetermined frequency and the amplitude of the corresponding voltage response signal, the internal resistance of the sealed valve controlled lead acid can be calculated by Ohm's law, wherein the sine wave is constant The current signal size is automatically adjusted based on the internal impedance of the VRLA. Alternatively, the present invention may also determine the internal resistance of the sealed germanium lead acid based on the constant current excitation signal of the predetermined frequency and the phase difference value of the corresponding voltage response signal.

The internal resistance detector includes: a first single chip microcomputer 301, configured to generate a sine wave pulse width modulation signal SPWM of a predetermined frequency; a sine wave constant current signal generating circuit, based on the SPWM, outputting a sine wave constant current signal and applying On the positive and negative electrodes of the VRLA; a voltage detecting circuit, configured to detect a voltage response signal of the VRLA output in response to the sine wave constant current signal; wherein, the single chip microcomputer 301 passes through the first A/D converter and the second A/D respectively The converter receives the amplitude value of the sine wave constant current signal and the amplitude of the voltage response signal, and calculates the internal resistance value of the VRLA based on the amplitude value of the sine wave constant current signal and the magnitude of the voltage response signal.

Wherein the predetermined frequency is adjustable, and the range is from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz.

The sinusoidal constant current signal generating circuit includes: a first digital low pass filter 302, receiving an SPWM signal output by the single chip microcomputer 301, and generating a sine wave voltage signal; a sine wave signal current constant current source 303, receiving the sine a voltage signal, and generating the sine wave constant current signal; the voltage detecting circuit comprising: a sine wave signal voltage detector 306 for detecting a voltage response signal across the VRLA; an instrument linear amplifier 307, responsive to the detected voltage The signal is multi-level voltage linearly amplified; a first low-pass filter 308 filters the signal output from the instrument linear amplifier to filter out the high-frequency noise signal; a dynamic digital band-pass filter 309, the first low-pass filter output Signal is filtered to filter a noise signal other than its bandwidth; a phase sensitive detector 310 for extracting a desired signal from an output of the dynamic digital band pass filter; a second low pass filter 311 for directing a signal output by the phase sensitive detector The piezoelectric bit is extracted, and the high frequency noise signal is filtered out, and the voltage response signal is output.

In the sine wave constant current signal generating circuit, the first digital low pass filter 302 is implemented by a first 74HC4053, and the sine wave signal current constant current source 303 is composed of a circuit TLC2274A, a MOS transistor Q1, and a resistor R11-R14. The sine wave constant current signal generating circuit further includes a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a voltage stabilizing tube D5 and a resistor R10; a cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube is connected to a terminal 1Y1 of the first 74HC4053, and is connected through a resistor R10. To the +5V power supply, the positive terminal of the Zener diode D5 is connected to the negative terminal of the VRLA; the terminal S1 of the first 74HC4053 receives the SPWM signal, the terminal VCC is connected to the +5V power supply, the terminals GND and E are connected to the ground, and the terminal 1Y0 is connected to the BAT_PVSS. The terminal VEE is connected to the -4V power supply, the terminal 1Z is directly connected to the input terminal IN+ of the circuit TLC2274A, and is connected to the negative terminal of the VRLA via the resistor R11; the input terminal IN- of the circuit TLC2274A is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1, and the output terminal OUT Connected to the gate of MOS transistor Q1 through resistor R12; the drain of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of VRLA via resistor R13, and the source is connected to VR via resistor R14 The negative electrode of LA.

Wherein, the sine wave signal voltage detector is composed of resistors R1 and R2, and one end of the resistor R1 is connected to

The positive terminal of the VRLA is BAT-SVDD, the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the negative terminal BAT_SVSS of the VRLA. The linear amplifier of the instrument is realized by the circuit AD623A, and the terminal 8 of the circuit AD623A is connected to the terminal through the resistor R3. Terminal 1, terminal 3 is connected to the positive BAT_SVDD of VRLA, terminal 2 is connected to the negative terminal BAT_SVSS of VRLA, terminal 4 is connected to -4V, terminal 7 is connected to +5V, terminal 5 is grounded, and output terminal 6 of circuit AD623A is connected to the first digit Low-pass filter; first digital low-pass filter circuit MAX294, circuit AD623A output terminal 6 is connected to terminal IN of MXA294, MAX294 GND pin is grounded, V+ pin is connected to +5V power supply, CLK pin is connected to clock The V2 pin is connected to the -4V power supply, and the OUT pin is connected to the input of the dynamic digital band pass filter; the output of the dynamic digital band pass filter is connected to the phase sensitive detector 310; the phase sensitive detector 310 is connected to the second 74HC4053 And TLC2274A to achieve, the second 74HC4053 1Z pin is connected to the MAX294 OUT pin, VCC pin is connected to +5V power supply, VEE pin is connected to -4V power supply, E/ is connected to GND pin, S1 pin connection is from The output of the single chip microcomputer Signal REF- SIGN, 1Y0 pin 114 and through a resistor 11 ^: IN- pin 2274 is connected, 1Y1 TLC2274A pin is connected to the IN + pin and ground through R5; OUT pin of the connector TLC2274A To the second digital low-pass filter; the second digital low-pass filter is implemented by the MAX293. The signal output from the OUT pin of the TLC2274A is input as an output signal to the IN pin of the MAX293, and is connected to the IN- pin through the resistor R6. The MAX293's V+ pin is connected to the +5V power supply, the V2 pin is connected to the -4V power supply, and the CLK pin receives the clock signal from the microcontroller via the resistor R7. The GND pin is connected to the +5 V power supply through the resistor R8 and passes through R9 is connected to the -4V power supply, and the signal output from the OUT pin is sent to the microcontroller.

The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device further includes: an expert system that determines the health status of the VRLA based on the temperature, voltage, current, and internal resistance provided by the battery multi-parameter sensor.

The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device further includes an automatic repair function module, which is configured to use a plurality of frequencies having the same resonant frequency as the lead sulfate crystal particles when the expert system determines that the health condition of the VRLA needs to start the automatic repair function module. A sinusoidal half-wave constant current signal is applied across the VRLA to create resonance to repair the VRLA.

The automatic repair function module includes: a second single chip microcomputer 701, generating a sine wave pulse width modulation signal having the same resonant frequency as that of different sizes of lead sulfate crystal particles; a second digital low pass filter 702, for the sine The pulse width modulation signal is processed to generate a sine wave signal; the inverter and the power amplifier 703 are inverting the negative half wave of the sine wave signal, and performing power amplification on the inverted sine wave half wave signal; And a sinusoidal half-wave signal current constant current source 704, based on the output signals of the inverter and the power amplifier, generating a constant sine wave half-wave current signal of different frequencies and loading it to both ends of the VRLA.

The smart sealed 闽 control lead-acid battery device further includes a first switch disposed between the internal resistance detector and the VRLA and a second switch disposed between the automatic repair module and the VRLA, the first switch and the second switch being composed The interlock circuit ensures that one of the internal resistance detector and the automatic repair module operates while the other is disconnected from the VRLA.

The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device further includes: an RFID module for recording VRLA basic factory information and VRLA status information to manage the VRLA life cycle.

Wherein, each of the battery multi-parameter sensor, the automatic repair function module, and the RFID function module can be installed at a position accommodating on the VRLA.

Wherein, each of the battery multi-parameter sensor, the automatic repair function module, and the RFID function module can be connected to the positive and negative poles of the VRLA by wires to be powered by the VRLA, or by external electricity. Source power supply.

The dynamic digital band pass filter 309 filters the voltage response signal of the sine wave current signal by using an 8th order filter chip.

The invention installs a battery multi-parameter sensor, an automatic repair function module and an RFID function module into the VRLA, and is a device for realizing intelligent detection, repair, parameter reading and writing, and forming an intelligent VRLA with full life cycle management function.

The battery multi-parameter sensor can be mounted on any surface of the VRLA that can accommodate the battery multi-parameter sensor. In the VRLA parameter sensor, the temperature of the VRLA is obtained by the temperature sensor at the same time, the voltage and current of the VRLA are obtained, and the internal resistance of the VRLA is obtained by the four-wire measuring device. The measured data is then uploaded to a computer or central data processing center via a data interface. The battery multi-parameter sensor can also receive commands from a computer or central data processing center.

In the present invention, the parameters of the VRLA temperature, voltage, current and internal resistance of the battery multi-parameter sensor can be input to the built-in expert system for analysis and judgment, and the health status of the VRLA is given, and whether the automatic repair function module is started is determined. At the same time, parameters are written to the RFID chip for data storage. DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an intelligent VRLA device having at least a battery multi-parameter sensor mounted in accordance with the present invention.

2 is a schematic diagram of signal flow relationships between VRLA, battery multi-parameter sensor, automatic repair function module, RFID function module, and expert system in accordance with the present invention.

3 is a circuit diagram showing a sealed valve-regulated lead acid VRLA internal resistance four-wire detector excited by an SPWM signal generated by a single chip microcomputer according to the present invention.

Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram for generating a sinusoidal constant current signal in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a diagram showing a voltage detection circuit for detecting a sinusoidal voltage signal responsive to a sinusoidal constant current signal in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a platform for managing the entire lifecycle of VRLA using RFID.

Figure 7 shows a circuit block diagram of an automatic repair function module for VRLA in accordance with the present invention. detailed description

The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The intelligent sealed lead-acid battery device includes at least a battery multi-parameter sensor and a VRLA. The sealed valve regulated lead acid battery device can include an expert system. The expert system can be stored in the memory or can be placed in the battery multi-parameter sensor as needed. The expert system is used to determine whether the performance of the VRLA is lower than the specified requirements based on the parameter analysis provided by the battery multi-parameter sensor. The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device may further include an automatic repair function module and/or an R ID function module. The battery multi-parameter sensor, auto-repair function module, RFID function module, and expert system can be installed in any position of the VRLA that can accommodate them, as shown in Figure 1.

According to the present invention, on the VRLA, one functional module can be installed according to actual needs, or multiple functional modules can be installed. That is, the battery multi-parameter sensor or the auto-repair function module, or the RFID function module, or the battery multi-parameter sensor and the auto-repair function module, or the battery multi-parameter sensor and the RFID function module are separately installed.

There are two ways to supply power to the battery multi-parameter sensor, automatic repair function module, and RFID function module. In the first method, the battery multi-parameter sensor, the automatic repair function module, and the RFID function module are respectively connected to the positive and negative columns of the sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery VRLA through a wire, and are supplied by the VRLA. In the second mode, the battery multi-parameter sensor, the auto-repair function module, and the RFID function module are connected to an external power source (not shown) external to the VRLA. According to the present invention, the battery multi-parameter sensor includes a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the VRLA, a current sensor that detects the current of the VRLA, a voltage sensor that detects the voltage of the VRLA, and an internal resistance detector that detects the internal resistance of the VRLA, and can obtain the temperature of the VRLA. , voltage, current and internal resistance and other parameters. In the present invention, the temperature sensor, the current sensor, and the voltage sensor employ sensors of the prior art.

The signal flow relationship between the VRLA 201, the battery multi-parameter sensor 202, the automatic repair function module 204, the RFID function module 205, and the expert system 203 is as shown in FIG. In Figure 2, battery multi-parameter sensor 202 is coupled to VRLA 201 to periodically obtain various parameters of the VRLA. Based on the various parameters of the obtained VRLA, the expert system 203 set on the VRLA performs analysis and judgment to obtain the health status of the VRLA. In the case where the VRLA device includes the automatic repair function module 204, the expert system can also root According to the health status of the VRLA, it is decided whether to activate the automatic repair function module 204. The expert system compares the obtained internal resistance value, voltage, and temperature with the battery internal resistance nominal value, voltage nominal value, and temperature nominal value according to the parameters obtained by the battery multi-parameter sensor. When the voltage value and the temperature value respectively exceed the predetermined threshold value, the expert system judges that the VRLA is in poor health and decides to start the automatic repair function module. Optionally, the expert system can also judge whether the VRLA is good according to only one of the internal resistance, the voltage and the temperature, for example, when the measured internal resistance value is higher than the internal resistance nominal value by 20%-25%, or When the voltage is lower than 20% of the nominal voltage value, or when the temperature is 20% higher than the nominal temperature, it is decided to start the automatic repair function module. At the same time, various parameters of the VRLA obtained by the battery multi-parameter sensor are input into the RFID function module, so that the RFID card reader obtains the various parameter data.

As shown in FIG. 3, the SPWM signal generated by the single chip microcomputer is excited according to the present invention.

Circuit diagram of the VRLA internal resistance detector. The VRLA internal resistance detector uses a four-wire internal resistance measurement method to measure the internal resistance of the VRLA. The VRLA internal resistance detector includes a single chip microcomputer 301 and a sine wave constant current signal generating circuit and a voltage detecting circuit. The constant current signal generating circuit includes a first digital low pass filter 302 and a sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303. The microcontroller generates a desired sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal SPWM, which is input to the first digital low pass filter 302. The SPWM signal is a voltage signal. The first digital low pass filter 302 outputs a sinusoidal voltage signal to a sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303. The sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303 includes a voltage controlled constant current source circuit, and the sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303 outputs a constant current through a sinusoidal voltage signal controlled constant current source 303, and passes through two wires via VRLA. The positive and negative poles of 304 enter VRLA 304. The VRLA 304 and the sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303 form a loop. According to the present invention, the constant current signal injected into the loop is a sinusoidal signal which acts as an excitation signal, and the magnitude of the current of the excitation signal can be adjusted according to the magnitude of the measured internal resistance. In addition, the frequency of the sine wave excitation signal can be adjusted from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz. The first A/D converter 305 A/D converts the output of the constant current source 303, and inputs the magnitude of the constant current of the output of the constant current source 303 to the microcontroller 301.

The voltage detection circuit of the VRLA internal resistance detector includes two additional wires connected to the VRLA.

A sine wave signal voltage detector 306 at both ends of the positive and negative terminals of 304, an instrument linear amplifier 307, a first low pass filter 308, a dynamic digital band pass filter 309, a phase sensitive detector 310 and a second low pass filter 311. The sine wave signal voltage detector 306 is used to detect the voltage across the VRLA, and its output is connected to the instrument line. Amplifier 307. The meter linear amplifier 307 performs multi-level voltage linear amplification on the input voltage signal to generate a suitable level of noise-containing voltage signal. Alternatively, the voltage response signal of the sine wave current signal excitation signal may be logarithmically amplified to obtain a voltage sine wave signal of a suitable level and containing noise. The first low pass filter 308 filters the signal output from the amplifier 307 to filter out the high frequency noise signal. An input of the dynamic digital bandpass filter 309 is coupled to the output of the first low pass filter 308 for filtering a voltage signal of a suitable level to filter out noise in a voltage signal of a suitable level. The output of the dynamic digital bandpass filter 309 is coupled to the input of phase sensitive detector 310. As an example, the dynamic digital bandpass filter 309 can filter the voltage response signal of the sinusoidal current signal using an 8th order filter chip. The phase sensitive detector 310 extracts the desired signal and then inputs the extracted signal to the second low pass filter 311. The second low pass filter 311 performs DC voltage potential extraction on the input signal, and filters out the high frequency noise signal, and then outputs a sine wave voltage signal. The sine wave voltage signal is input to the second A/D converter 312. The second A/D converter 312 extracts the amplitude and phase of the sine wave voltage signal and sends it to the microcontroller 301. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first low pass filter 308 is not required, and the function and function of the first low pass filter 308 can also be accomplished by a dynamic digital band pass filter and a second low pass filter.

In the single chip microcomputer 301, the extracted potential is smoothed using a simple linear averaging method in the prior art to obtain a voltage average value of the response signal of the SPWM excitation signal. Further, the single chip microcomputer 301 calculates the VRLA internal resistance by using Ohm's law based on the obtained voltage average value and the magnitude of the constant current output from the first A/D converter 305. The resistance value can be displayed through the liquid crystal or uploaded to the server via the network for storage.

In the present invention, the frequency band of the dynamic digital band pass filter 309 is fixed, but its center frequency can be adjusted under the control of a control signal (not shown) output from the single chip microcomputer 301. According to the sine wave pulse width modulation signal output by the single chip microcomputer, the center frequency of the dynamic digital band pass filter changes with the frequency of the input sine wave signal, thus overcoming the defect that the conventional measurement technique uses only a single frequency for measurement.

According to the present invention, the SPWM signals of different frequencies output by the single-chip microcomputer pass through the constant current signal generating circuit, and can generate constant current excitation signals of different frequencies and are applied to the VRLA. The amplitude-frequency characteristics and the phase-frequency characteristics of the voltage response signals of different frequencies are obtained according to the constant current excitation signals of different frequencies. The amplitude of the constant current excitation signal according to different frequencies and the amplitude of the voltage response signal of different frequencies

(Amplitude-frequency characteristics), the internal resistance of the sealed bismuth-lead VRLA can be calculated by Ohm's law. Optionally, phase-frequency characteristics of voltage response signals of different frequencies are obtained according to constant current excitation signals of different frequencies. The internal resistance of the sealed valve-regulated lead acid VRLA is determined according to the constant current excitation signal of different frequencies and the phase difference (phase frequency characteristic) of the voltage response signals of different frequencies. In the present invention, when the VRLA internal resistance is detected, the SPWM modulation signal is generated by using software in the single chip microcomputer, so that a continuous sine wave constant current signal of any frequency point in the range of 10 Hz to 1 OOO Hz can be obtained. Compared with the prior art, the present invention reduces the cost of generating a sinusoidal signal in the range of 1 OHz to 1000 Hz due to the use of a single chip machine and utilizes software technology, and also reduces the power consumption and cost of the entire measuring circuit for measuring the internal resistance of VRLA.

Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram for generating a sinusoidal constant current signal in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the single chip microcomputer 301 outputs the SPWM signal to the first digital low pass filter 302, and the frequency range of the SPWM signal is from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz. Preferably, the first digital low pass filter 302 is composed of an integrated circuit 74HC4053 and its peripheral circuits, and the sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303 is composed of a circuit TLC2274A, a MOS transistor Q1 and a resistor R11-R14. The first digital low pass filter 302 is not limited to be implemented by the first 74HC4053, and may be implemented by other circuits capable of implementing the equivalent function of the first 74HC4053; the sine wave signal current constant current source 303 is also not limited to the circuit TLC2274A, MOS The tube Q1 and the resistors R11-R14 may be composed of a circuit equivalent to a circuit composed of the TLC2274A, the MOS transistor Q1, and the resistors R11-R14. In order to generate a constant current, a signal is supplied to the digital low pass filter 302 through a voltage stabilizing circuit. Specifically, the voltage stabilizing circuit may include a Zener diode D5 and a resistor R10. Preferably, the Zener diode is LM4050, the cathode of the LM4050 is connected to the terminal 1Y1 of the 74HC4053, and is connected to the +5 V power supply through the resistor R10. The anode of the Zener LM4050 is connected to the negative pole of the VRLA. Terminal S1 of integrated circuit 74HC4053 receives SPWM signal, terminal VCC is connected to +5V power supply, terminals GND and E are connected to ground, terminal 1Y0 is connected to BAT-PVSS, terminal VEE is connected to -4V power supply, terminal 1Z is directly connected to circuit TLC2274A The input terminal IN+ is connected to the negative terminal of VRLA via resistor R11. In the sinusoidal signal current constant current source 303, the input terminal IN- of the TLC2274A is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1, and the output terminal OUT is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 via the resistor R12. The drain of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of VRLA via resistor R13, and the source is connected to the negative terminal of VRLA via resistor R14.

Figure 5 illustrates a method for detecting a constant current signal in response to a sine wave in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A voltage detecting circuit for a sinusoidal voltage signal. As shown in FIG. 5, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal BAT_SVDD of the VRLA, the other end of the resistor R1 and one end of the resistor 2 are commonly grounded, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the negative terminal BAT_SVSS of the VRLA. The circuits of resistors R1 and R2 form a sinusoidal signal voltage detector 306. Preferably, meter linear amplifier 307 is implemented by circuit AD623A. Terminal 8 of circuit AD623A is connected to terminal 1 via resistor R3, terminal 3 is connected to positive terminal BAT_SVDD of VRLA, terminal 2 is connected to negative terminal BAT_SVSS of VRLA, terminal 4 is connected to -4V, terminal 7 is connected to +5V, terminal 5 grounded. The output terminal 6 of the circuit AD623A is connected to the first digital low pass filter 308 to filter out the high frequency noise signal. The first digital low pass filter 308 employs a low pass filter circuit of the prior art. In the present invention, the first digital low pass filter 308 uses the MAX294 or its equivalent circuit. The output terminal 6 of the circuit AD623A is connected to the terminal IN of the MXA294. The GND pin of the MAX294 is grounded, the V+ pin is connected to the +5V supply, the CLK pin is connected to the clock, the V2 pin is connected to the -4V supply, and the OUT pin is used as the output of the processing signal. The output of the first digital low pass filter 308 is coupled to the input of the dynamic digital band pass filter. The dynamic digital bandpass filter filters out signals outside the bandpass frequency and outputs to the phase sensitive detector 310. The phase sensitive detector 310 is implemented by a second 74HC4053 (or equivalent circuit) and a TLC2274A (or equivalent circuit). Specifically, the 1 Z pin of the second 74HC4053 is connected to the OUT pin of the MAX294, the VCC pin is connected to the +5 V power supply, the VEE pin is connected to the -4 V power supply, the E/GND pin is grounded, and the S1 pin connection is from The reference signal REF_SIGN, 1Y0 pin output from the MCU is connected to the IN- pin of the 11^22748 through the resistor 14. The 1Y1 pin is connected to the IN+ pin of the TLC2274A and grounded through R5. The signal output from the OUT pin of the TLC2274A is input as an output signal to the second digital low-pass filter. Preferably, the second digital low pass filter is implemented by the MAX 293 or its equivalent. In a preferred embodiment, the signal output from the OUT pin of the TLC2274A is input as an output signal to the IN pin of the MAX293 and to the IN- pin via resistor R6. The V+ pin of the MAX293 is connected to the +5V power supply, the V2 pin is connected to the -4V power supply, and the CLK pin receives the clock signal from the microcontroller via the resistor R7. The GND pin is connected to the +5V power supply through the resistor R8, and is connected to the R5 through the R9. The -4V power supply is connected, and the signal output from the OUT pin is sent to the microcontroller.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, since the constant current signal generating circuit and the voltage detecting circuit both have a low pass filter, and the voltage detecting circuit has a band pass filter, the VRLA internal resistance detector is strong even in VRLA floating charging. In the interference environment, online internal resistance measurement can also be performed on VRLA.

Optionally, the smart VRLA device according to the present invention may further comprise a special store stored in the memory Home system. The parameters of the VRLA temperature, voltage, current and internal resistance obtained by the battery multi-parameter sensor are input to the expert system for analysis and judgment according to predetermined technical indicators, and the health status of the VRLA is given. The expert system can be an expert system in the prior art, and the criteria and technical indicators for analyzing and judging the VRLA can be VRLA industry standards, or can be a national standard for VRLA.

Optionally, the smart VRLA device may further comprise an RFID module. The temperature, voltage, current and internal resistance parameters obtained by the battery multi-parameter sensor can be written to the RFID chip for data storage. The RFID function module allows each VRLA device to have a unique electronic ID card.

Since the intelligent VRLA device includes an RFID module, the entire life cycle of the VRLA can be managed from production, sales, distribution, use, maintenance, scrapping, and recycling. Specifically, when the VRLA is shipped, the RPID chip in each VRLA is cured with the number of the battery manufacturer, the production cycle, specifications, models, batches, and various performance indicators (including internal resistance values) of the VRLA. Wait for VRLA basic factory information. After shipment, VRLA status information is recorded using RFID to effectively track, monitor, and manage VRLAs, allowing VRLA to be controlled throughout its lifecycle. VRLA status information refers to the final status information of each part of VRLA after leaving the factory, including: time, location, link (sales, circulation, use, maintenance, scrap, recycling), various performance indicators (including internal resistance), disposal methods Information

In particular, the use of RFID to monitor and control the VRLA end-of-life recycling process can solve the secondary pollution problem caused by VRLA after being scrapped.

See Figure 6, which shows a schematic diagram of a platform for managing the entire lifecycle of VRLA using RFID. As shown in the figure, the data collector receives various information about the VRLA at the time of shipment and after shipment from the RFID. This information includes basic information of VRLA, VRLA detection parameters such as temperature, current, voltage and resistance, VRLA usage data, VRLA. Scrap information, etc. The data collector is connected to the internet. The data collector uploads data over the Internet to perform cloud storage on various information of the VRLA. The management platform analyzes and manages various information of the VRLA transmitted by the collector through the Internet through management policies, data maintenance policies, analysis policies, alarm policies, and charging policies. The data processing center can process the uploaded data according to a predetermined algorithm.

Fig. 7 is a circuit block diagram showing an automatic repair function module for VRLA according to the present invention.

The VRLA automatic repair function module uses the "SPWM to generate power sine wave half-wave constant current" technology. In VRLA During use, many of the lead sulfate crystal particles located near the battery plates are generated inside the VRLA. It has been found that lead sulfate crystals of different particle sizes have different resonance points. For the characteristics of different crystallites of lead sulfate and different resonance frequencies, power sine wave half-waves of different frequencies are applied to both ends of VRLA, so that power sine wave half-waves with different frequencies and lead sulfate crystal particles with different resonance frequencies Resonance is generated separately to improve the distribution of current on the VRLA plate, allowing more current to be distributed to the PbS0 ₄ crystal, which can "crush" and "dissolve" large lead sulfate crystals. Therefore, the larger lead sulfate crystals are dissolved in the electrolyte to become small particles of lead sulfate. As the charge progresses, the small particle lead sulfate can be decomposed into lead ions and sulfate ions to participate in the reaction, eventually becoming lead and lead dioxide back to the plate, and the lead sulfate crystals are reduced from the plates. VRLA's automatic repair function module uses a purely physical method to repair the battery, and the repaired battery maintains the basic characteristics of the primary battery.

When the expert system analyzes and judges the health status of the VRLA, and decides whether to start the automatic repair function module according to the health status of the VRLA. For example, if the measured internal resistance is greater than the nominal internal resistance of VRLA, then the automatic repair module is activated. In a preferred embodiment, the auto-repair function module for VRLA includes a second microcontroller 701. Alternatively, the automatic repair function module may share the first single chip machine 301 as the second single chip microcomputer 701. The second single chip microcomputer 701 can generate a sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal having the same resonant frequency as the lead sulfate crystal particles of different sizes by software programming. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal is input to a second digital low pass filter 702, and the second digital low pass filter 702 processes the input sine wave pulse width modulated signal to generate a sine wave signal and input it to the inverter and the power amplifier. 703. The inverter and the power amplifier first invert the negative half-wave of the input sine wave signal, and then power-amplify the inverted sine wave half-wave signal. The output of the inverter and power amplifier is connected to a sinusoidal half-wave signal current constant current source 704. The sine wave half-wave signal current constant current source is based on the output signals of the inverter and the power amplifier, and generates a constant sine wave half-wave current signal of different frequencies and loads it into both ends of the VRLA. The sinusoidal half-wave constant current signal of different frequencies resonates with the lead crystals of different particle sizes respectively, thereby crushing and "dissolving" large lead sulfate crystals, producing small particles of lead sulfate. With the progress of charging, small particles Lead sulfate can be decomposed into lead ions and sulfate ions to participate in the reaction, eventually becoming lead and lead dioxide back to the plates, allowing lead sulfate crystals to be reduced from the plates.

In the present invention, in order to prevent the automatic repair module and the VRLA internal resistance detector from being simultaneously connected to the VRLA, an interlock circuit (not shown) composed of the first switch and the second switch is further included. The first switch is set Between the resistance detector and the VRLA, the second switch is placed between the automatic repair module and the VRLA. When the automatic repair module is started, the MCU of the automatic repair module simultaneously sends an ON signal to the second switch, and at the same time, the first switch disconnects the connection between the VRLA internal resistance detector and the VRLA through the action of the interlock circuit. When the VRLA internal resistance four-wire detector is working, the MCU of the VRLA internal resistance detector simultaneously sends an ON signal to the first switch, and the second switch disconnects the automatic repair module from the VRLA through the action of the interlock circuit. By the closing and opening of the first switch and the second switch, the signals of the automatic repair module and the VRLA internal resistance detector do not interfere.

After the VRLA is automatically repaired using the automatic repair module, the VRLA internal resistance detector is again activated to perform internal resistance detection on the VRLA. According to the internal resistance value detected again, if the expert system judges that the internal resistance value still does not meet the specified requirements, the expert system gives an indication that the VRLA needs to be replaced.

In the invention, the battery multi-parameter sensor can obtain the temperature, voltage, current and internal resistance of the VRLA in time and accurately, and input these parameter values into the expert system for analysis and judgment, thereby automatically starting the VRLA repair function module to repair the VRLA.

Since the present invention can calculate the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the output sine wave, it is possible to obtain the variation of the amplitude of the sine wave signal, from which the VRLA internal resistance is calculated.

The internal resistance detector of the present invention can perform online measurement on the VRLA at any time without affecting the backup work of the VRLA on the power supply system. Moreover, the internal resistance detection of the present invention is a qualitative change of the monitoring technology of the sealed wide-control lead-acid battery, that is, from the passive detection voltage to the active detection of the internal state of the battery, and more comprehensively reflects the performance change of the VRLA.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and retouchings without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. It should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

Claim

1. A smart sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device, comprising at least a battery multi-parameter sensor and a sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery VRLA, the battery multi-parameter sensor includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the VRLA, a voltage sensor for detecting the voltage of the VRLA, and detecting Current sensor and internal resistance detector for VRLA current, characterized by:

The internal resistance detector applies a sine wave constant current signal of a predetermined frequency to the positive and negative poles of the sealed bismuth-controlled lead-acid battery, and detects a voltage response signal at both ends of the sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery, and the amplitude of the constant current excitation signal based on the predetermined frequency And the corresponding voltage response signal amplitude, using Ohm's law can calculate the internal resistance of the sealed valve control lead acid, wherein the sine wave constant current signal size can be automatically adjusted according to the internal impedance of the VRLA.

2. The smart seal 闽 control lead-acid battery device according to claim 1, wherein the internal resistance detector comprises:

a first single chip (301), a sine wave pulse width modulation signal SPWM for generating a predetermined frequency; a sine wave constant current signal generating circuit, based on the SPWM, outputting a sine wave constant current signal and applying it to the positive and negative electrodes of the VRLA;

a voltage detecting circuit for detecting a voltage response signal of the VRLA output in response to the sine wave constant current signal;

The single chip microcomputer (301) receives the amplitude value of the sine wave constant current signal and the amplitude of the voltage response signal via the first AD converter and the second A/D converter, respectively, and is based on the amplitude value and voltage of the sine wave constant current signal. The internal resistance of the VRLA is calculated in response to the amplitude of the signal.

The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined frequency is adjustable and ranges from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz.

4. The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device according to claim 2, wherein

The sine wave constant current signal generating circuit includes:

a first digital low pass filter (302), receiving the SPWM signal output by the single chip (301), and generating a sine wave voltage signal;

a sinusoidal signal current constant current source (303), receiving the sine wave voltage signal, and generating the sine wave constant current signal;

The voltage detection circuit includes:

a sinusoidal signal voltage detector (306) for detecting a voltage response signal across the VRLA; an instrument linear amplifier (307) for multi-level voltage linear amplification of the detected voltage response signal;

a first low pass filter (308) that filters a signal output by the instrument linear amplifier to filter out the high frequency noise signal;

a dynamic digital band pass filter (309) that filters the signal output by the first low pass filter, To filter out noise signals outside its bandwidth;

a phase sensitive detector (310) for extracting a desired signal from an output of the dynamic digital bandpass filter;

The second low pass filter (311) performs DC voltage potential extraction on the signal output from the phase sensitive detector, and filters out the high frequency noise signal to output the voltage response signal.

The intelligent sealed bismuth-controlled lead-acid battery device according to claim 4, wherein in the sine wave constant current signal generating circuit, the first digital low-pass filter is implemented by the first 74HC4053, and the sine wave signal current is constant The current source is composed of a circuit TLC2274A, a MOS transistor Q1, and a resistor R11-R14. The sine wave constant current signal generating circuit further includes a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a voltage stabilizing tube D5 and a resistor R10; The negative pole is connected to the terminal 1Y1 of the first 74HC4053, and is connected to the +5V power supply through the resistor R10. The anode of the Zener diode D5 is connected to the negative pole of the VRLA; the terminal S1 of the first 74HC4053 receives the SPWM signal, and the terminal VCC is connected to the +5V power supply. Terminals GND and E are connected to ground together, terminal 1Y0 is connected to BAT_PVSS, terminal VEE is connected to -4V power supply, terminal 1Z is directly connected to input terminal IN+ of circuit TLC2274A, and is connected to the negative terminal of VRLA via resistor R11; input of circuit TLC2274A The terminal IN- is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1, the output terminal OUT is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 through the resistor 12; the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is via the resistor R13 is connected to the positive terminal of VRLA, and the source is connected to the negative terminal of VRLA via resistor R14.

6. The intelligent sealed bismuth-controlled lead-acid battery device according to claim 4, wherein the sine wave signal voltage detector is composed of resistors R1 and 2, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal BAT_SVDD of the VRLA, and the other end is connected to the resistor R2. One end is commonly grounded, the other end of resistor R2 is connected to the negative 3⁄4 BAT SVSS of VRLA; the instrument linear amplifier is implemented by circuit AD623A, terminal 8 of circuit AD623A is connected to terminal 1 via electric 3⁄4 R3, and terminal 3 is connected to the positive BAT of VRLA— SVDD, terminal 2 is connected to the negative terminal BAT_SVSS of VRLA, terminal 4 is connected to -4V, terminal 7 is connected to +5V, terminal 5 is grounded, and the output terminal 6 of circuit AD623A is connected to the first digital low-pass filter; The low-pass filter uses the circuit MAX294, the output terminal 6 of the circuit AD623A is connected to the terminal IN of the MXA294, the GND pin of the MAX294 is grounded, the V+ pin is connected to the +5V power supply, the CLK pin is connected to the clock, and the V2 pin is connected to the -4V power supply. The OUT pin is connected to the input of the dynamic digital bandpass filter; the output of the dynamic digital bandpass filter is connected to the phase sensitive detector; the phase sensitive detector is implemented by the second 74HC4053 and TLC2274A, and the 1Z of the second 74HC4053 tube The pin is connected to the OUT pin of the MAX294, the VCC pin is connected to the +5V power supply, the VEE pin is connected to the -4V power supply, the E/GND pin is grounded, and the S1 pin is connected to the reference signal REF_SIG from the microcontroller output, 1Y0 tube The pin is connected to the IN- pin of the TLC2274A via resistor R4, the IN1 pin of the TLC2274A is connected to the IN+ pin of the TLC2274A and is grounded through R5; the OUT pin of the TLC2274A is connected to the second digital low-pass filter; the second digital low-pass filter The signal is output from the MAX293. The signal output from the OUT pin of the TLC2274A is input as an output signal to the IN pin of the MAX293, and is connected to the IN- pin through the resistor R6. The V+ pin of the MAX293 is connected to the +5V power supply, and the V2 pin is connected. Connected to the -4V power supply, the CLK pin receives the clock signal from the microcontroller via the resistor R7. The GND pin is connected to the +5V power supply via the resistor R8 and is connected to the -4V power supply via R9. Connect, the signal output from the OUT pin is sent to the microcontroller.

7. The intelligent sealed bismuth-controlled lead-acid battery device of claim 1, further comprising: an expert system for determining a health condition of the VRLA based on temperature, voltage, current, and internal resistance provided by the battery multi-parameter sensor.

8. The intelligent sealed bismuth-controlled lead-acid battery device according to claim 7, further comprising an automatic repair function module, configured to: when the expert system determines that the health condition of the VRLA needs to start the automatic repair function module, A sine wave half-wave constant current signal of multiple frequencies having the same resonant frequency is applied across the VRLA to create resonance to repair the VRLA.

9. The smart seal 闽 control lead-acid battery device according to claim 8, wherein the automatic repair function module comprises:

a second single chip microcomputer (701), which generates a sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal having the same resonant frequency as that of different sizes of lead sulfate crystal particles;

a second digital low pass filter (702) for processing the sinusoidal pulse width modulated signal to generate a sine wave signal;

An inverter and a power amplifier (703), inverting a negative half wave of the sine wave signal, and performing power amplification on the inverted sine wave half wave signal; and

A sinusoidal half-wave signal current constant current source (704), based on the output signals of the inverter and the power amplifier, generates a constant sine wave half-wave current signal of different frequencies and loads it into both ends of the VRLA.

10. The intelligent sealed wide-lead lead-acid battery device of claim 9, further comprising a first switch disposed between the internal resistance detector and the VRLA and a second switch disposed between the automatic repair module and the VRLA, An interlock circuit consisting of a switch and a second switch ensures that one of the internal resistance detector and the automatic repair module operates while the other is disconnected from the VRLA.

11. The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device according to claim 1, 7 or 8, further comprising: an RFID module for recording VRLA basic factory information and VRLA status information to manage the VRLA life cycle.

12. The smart sealed tamper-regulated lead-acid battery device according to claim 11, wherein each of the battery multi-parameter sensor, the automatic repair function module, and the RFID function module can be installed at a position accommodating on the VRLA.

13. The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device according to claim 11, wherein each of the battery multi-parameter sensor, the automatic repair function module, and the RFID function module can be connected to the positive and negative columns of the VRLA by wires. It is powered by VRLA or powered by an external power supply.

The intelligent sealed valve-regulated lead-acid battery device according to claim 4, wherein the dynamic digital band pass filter 309 filters the voltage response signal of the sine wave current signal by using an eighth-order filter chip.