WO2013071333A1 - A hydronic heating system and associated method of operation - Google Patents

A hydronic heating system and associated method of operation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013071333A1
WO2013071333A1 PCT/AU2012/000897 AU2012000897W WO2013071333A1 WO 2013071333 A1 WO2013071333 A1 WO 2013071333A1 AU 2012000897 W AU2012000897 W AU 2012000897W WO 2013071333 A1 WO2013071333 A1 WO 2013071333A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
tank
outlet
hydronic
fluid communication
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2012/000897
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Pussell
Original Assignee
Dux Manufacturing Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2011904835A external-priority patent/AU2011904835A0/en
Application filed by Dux Manufacturing Limited filed Critical Dux Manufacturing Limited
Publication of WO2013071333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071333A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0036—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means
    • F24D17/0063—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means solar energy and conventional heaters
    • F24D17/0068—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means solar energy and conventional heaters with accumulation of the heated water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00364—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for caravans or trailers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0073—Arrangements for preventing the occurrence or proliferation of microorganisms in the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1057—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/14—Cleaning; Sterilising; Preventing contamination by bacteria or microorganisms, e.g. by replacing fluid in tanks or conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0207—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium and a method of operating such a hydronic heating system.
  • the invention has been primarily developed for use in heating houses and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, the invention is not limited to this particular application and is also suitable for use in light commercial applications such as schools, small industrial buildings, motels and caravan parks.
  • Hydronic heating systems which utilise a piping circuit which passes through or under the floor of a house and/or is connected to interior radiators. Heated fluid is circulated through the circuit and the heat transfer from the piping circuit into the floor and/or the radiators heats the interior of the house.
  • glycol mixtures as the heat transfer medium due to their freeze resistance and anti corrosion properties.
  • a disadvantage of glycol mixtures is they are relatively expensive and not suitable for use in a potable water system.
  • One type of hydronic heating system using water as the fluid transfer medium uses large storage tanks of heated water, which are independent of the house's potable water circuit. Heat exchanging coils pass through the tanks, for exchange of heat, and then connect to the heating piping circuit. Alternatively, it is also known to use an instantaneous boiler and water tank connected only to the hydronic circuit.
  • One disadvantage of both of these approaches is they require the use of dedicated, stand-alone and expensive equipment. Another disadvantage is space must be found to locate the equipment. Another disadvantage is a second gas supply may be required if the house's hot water system runs on gas. Another disadvantage is the main gas supply may need to be upgraded to run two separate gas systems contemporaneously. Another disadvantage is that a house that has gas driven heating, cooking and hot water is difficult to run as a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) system because of high gas usage.
  • LPG liquified petroleum gas
  • the present invention provides a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
  • a water tank in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply and a potable heated water outlet supply;
  • a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank, the water heater configured to heat water passing there through to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria;
  • a hydronic heating circuit containing a volume of water and having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank; a first pum controllable to circulate water from the water tank, through the water heater and back to the water tank;
  • a controller configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump and the second pump to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the water tank has an outlet in fluid communication with the heater potable water supply outlet and the controller is preferably also configured to receive an indication of the temperature of the water in the tank and control the first pump and the water heater to maintain a portion of the water in the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and/or the water tank outlet at least at the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the present invention provides a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
  • a water tank having a cooler water inlet at or near the bottom of the tank tank, in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply, and a heated water outlet at or near the top of the tank, in fluid communication a potable heated water outlet supply;
  • a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the top of the tank, the water heater configured to heat water passing therethrough to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria;
  • a hydronic heating circuit containing a volume of water and having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the water tank;
  • a controller configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump and the second pump to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the controller is preferably also configured to receive an indication of the temperature of the water in the tank from one or more temperature sensors and control the first pump and the water heater to maintain a portion of the water in the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and/or the heated water outlet at least at the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the water heater is preferably a gas continuous heater or gas instantaneous type heater.
  • the system preferably also includes at least one solar panel having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank at or near the top of the tank.
  • the controller preferably also receives an indication of the temperature of the water in the at least one solar panel from one or more temperature sensors.
  • the system preferably also includes a first one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit downstream of the heated potable water supply outlet in fluid communication with the heated water outlet, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
  • the system preferably also includes a second one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit upstream of the second pump, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
  • the present invention provides a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
  • a water tank having a cooler water inlet, in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply, and a heated water outlet, in fluid communication a potable heated water outlet supply, the water tank outlet being at or near the top of the tank;
  • a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank;
  • a hydronic heating circuit having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank;
  • a controller configured to maintain the temperature of the water at least at or near the top of the tank, and thus available to the water tank outlet and the hydronic circuit inlet, at least at a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the hydronic circuit contains a volume of water and the controller is preferably also adapted to circulate at least an equal of water therethrough, the circulated water being heated to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the water heater is preferably a gas continuous heater or gas instantaneous type heater.
  • the system preferably also includes at least one solar panel having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank at or near the top of the tank.
  • the controller preferably also receives an indication of the temperature of the water in the at least one solar panel from one or more temperature sensors.
  • the system preferably also includes a first one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit downstream of the heated potable water supply outlet in fluid communication with the heated water outlet, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
  • the system preferably also includes a second one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit upstream of the second pump, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
  • the present invention provides method of operating a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium
  • the hydronic heating system includes a water tank connectable to a mains potable water inlet supply, a water heater for heating the water in the tank, a hydronic heating circuit connected to the water tank and a potable heated water outlet supply, the method including periodically, or upon user activation, circulating all water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria before the water from the hydronic heating circuit is available at the heated potable water supply outlet.
  • the present invention provides method of operating a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium
  • the hydronic heating system includes a water tank connectable to a mains potable water inlet supply and having a potable heated water outlet supply at or near its top, a water heater for heating the water in the tank, a hydronic heating circuit having an inlet connected to the water tank at or near the top of the tank, the method including maintaining at least a portion of the water in the tank at or near the top of the tank at least at a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria such that only such heated water is available to the heated potable water supply outlet and/or the hydronic circuit inlet.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a hydronic heating system.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a hydronic heating system 10.
  • the system 10 includes a water tank 12, which for a typical house would have a capacity of about 250 litres.
  • a gas continuous heater 14 also known as a gas instantaneous heater
  • the heater 14 is supplied by mains gas and heats all water passing therethrough to a temperature of approximately 70°C, which is sufficient to instantly disinfect Legionella bacteria.
  • the tank 12 has an inlet 12, at or near its bottom, which is in fluid communication with a first inlet supply of mains, potable, relatively cooler, water 20a.
  • the water supply 20a is typically between 8 to 25 °C.
  • the tank 12 also includes an outlet 24 at or near the bottom of the tank 12, which is in fluid communication with the inlet 16 of the heater 14 via a first pump 26 and a first valve 28 respectively.
  • the tank 12 also includes a potable, heated, water outlet 30.
  • the outlet 30 is at or near the top of the tank 12 and is in fluid communication with one (inlet) end of a hydronic circuit 32 via a one-way valve 34.
  • the valve 34 only permits water to enter the hydronic circuit 32.
  • Another one-way valve 36 is positioned near the other (outlet) end of the hydronic circuit 32.
  • the valve 36 only permits water to leave the circuit 32 and be communicated to the inlet 22 of the tank 12 via a second pump 38.
  • a tempering valve 39 is also installed in the hydronic circuit 32, which receives a second supply of mains, potable, relatively cooler, water 20b.
  • the system 10 also includes a controller 40 which receives signals indicative of water temperature from first to fourth temperature senses 42, 44, 46 and 48 respectively.
  • the outlet 30 of the tank 12 is also in fluid communication with a potable heated, water outlet supply 50.
  • the supply 50 is connected to taps, showers, baths, washing machines etc.
  • the system 10 can also optionally include a first and a second solar panel 52 and 54 respectively.
  • the first solar panel 52 has a first inlet 56 in fluid communication with the first pump 26 via a valve 58.
  • the first solar panel 52 also includes an outlet 60 in fluid
  • the second solar panel 54 includes a first outlet 64 in fluid communication with an inlet 66 in the tank 12 and also a second outlet 68 in fluid communication with a second inlet 70 in the first solar panel 52.
  • the controller 40 monitors the temperature at the sensors 42, 44, 46 and 48 and energises the first pump 26 and the heater 14 to maintain a supply of water heated to between 60°C and 70°C in at least an upper zone 12a of the tank 12, and tops up the heated water supply in response to water being drawn off at the supply 50 for domestic uses.
  • the upper zone 12a is about 70 % of the total volume of the tank.
  • the controller also maintains a second lower zone 12b of the tank 12 at a water temperature of between 8°C and 80°C
  • the logic of the controller 40 in opening and closing the valve 26 and starting and stopping the pump 26 and the heater 14 relative to each of the temperature sensors 42, 44 and 46 is similar to that described in the Applicant's International PCT Patent
  • the controller 40 can close the valve 28, open the valve 58 and energise the pump 26 to circulate water through the solar panels 52 and 54 for solar heating before return to the tank at inlet 64.
  • the logic of the controller 40 in opening and closing the valve 58 and starting and stopping the pump 58 relative to each of the temperature sensors 42, 44, 46 and 48 is also similar to that described in the Applicant's International PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2009/001432 (WO 2010/065986), the relevant contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference.
  • any water supplied to the tank region 12a from the heater 14 has been heated to a temperature of approximately 70°C, which is sufficient to instantly disinfect legionella bacteria.
  • any water supplied to the tank region 12a from the solar panels 52 or 54 must, before leaving the tank 12, pass into and through the zone 12a, which is maintained by the controller between 60°C and 70°C, which is sufficient to disinfect the Legionella bacteria within 0 to 3 minutes.
  • any water supplied to the house via the potable heated, water outlet supply 50 must have already undergone sufficient heating to disinfect the Legionella bacteria.
  • the hydronic circuit 32 may have a volume of 50 to 200 litres of water. In the non-heating season, such water may sit in the pipes of the circuit 32 for a relatively long length of time at a temperature (eg. 20-50°C) which is conducive to the breeding of Legionella bacteria.
  • the controller 40 monitors and records activity within the hydronic circuit 32 over a two week cycle (or as otherwise specifically programmed). If no activity in the hydronic circuit 32 is observed, the controller 40 institutes a sterilisation cycle, or in response to user activation through an in house display.
  • the sterilisation cycle begins when the controller energises the first pump 26, the heater 14 and the second pump 38 in order to circulate water, that has been disinfected by passing through the heater 14 and/or the heated water zone 12a, through the circuit 32. This circulation is conducted for a sufficient period to ensure the entire volume of water in the hydronic circuit 32 has passed through the heater 14 and the zone 12a such that disinfection of any Legionella bacteria in the circuit 32 is achieved.
  • Adequate circulation can be achieved in a number of ways. Firstly, dividing the volume of the water in the circuit 32 by the flow rate of the first and second pumps 26 and 38 will reveal the time that the pumps 26 and 38 have to be energised in order to circulate the entire volume of the circuit 32. For example, for a 200 litre volume circuit, pumps having a flow rate of 5 litres per min litre/minute are energised for at least 40 minutes.
  • the controller 40 notes the water temperature at the sensor 42 and circulates water through the hydronic circuit 32 until the sensor 42 registers a change in water temperature, thereby indicating that all water in the hydronic circuit 32 has been sterilised.
  • the water in the circuit 32 is tempered down to a range of approximately 20°C to 35°C by mixture with relatively cooler potable water from the mains supply 20b at the tempering valve 39.
  • the advantage of the hydronic heating system 10 is that in allows a hydronic circuit to use inexpensive and readily available potable water as a heat transfer medium without health risks or requiring dedicated or isolated componentry. More particularly, the hydronic circuit 32 can be connected as described above to a (new or existing) substantially conventional gas or gas/solar residential hot water system with relatively little modification required. This avoids the cost and the space requirements for installing dedicated separate components to heat the water in the hydronic circuit.
  • the hydronic heating system 10 is advantageously also suitable for use with a solar assisted gas hot water system running on bottled LPG, as such a hot water system has relatively low gas usage due to, typically, at least 60% of the hot water needs of a house or dwelling being supplied via solar energy.
  • a chiller can also be connected to the hydronic circuit, allowing the hydronic circuit to be switched from heating to cooling, again with periodic sterilization.

Abstract

A hydronic heating system (10) using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium. The system (10) includes: a water tank (12); a water heater (14a); a first pump (26); a second pump (38); and a controller (40). The water heater (14) has an inlet (16) in fluid communication with the water tank (12) and an outlet (18) in fluid communication with the water tank (12). The water heater (14) is configured to heat water passing there through to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria. The water tank (12) is in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply (20a) and a potable heated water outlet supply (50). The hydronic heating circuit (32) contains a volume of water and has an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank (12) and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank (12). The first pump (26) is controllable to circulate water from the water tank (12), through the water heater (14) and back to the water tank (12). The second pump (38) is controllable to circulate water from the water tank (12) through the hydronic circuit (32) and back to the water tank (12). The controller (40) is configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump (26) and the second pump (38) to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit (32) through the water heater (12) for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.

Description

A HYDRONIC HEATING SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD OF
OPERATION
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium and a method of operating such a hydronic heating system.
The invention has been primarily developed for use in heating houses and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, the invention is not limited to this particular application and is also suitable for use in light commercial applications such as schools, small industrial buildings, motels and caravan parks.
Background
Hydronic heating systems are known which utilise a piping circuit which passes through or under the floor of a house and/or is connected to interior radiators. Heated fluid is circulated through the circuit and the heat transfer from the piping circuit into the floor and/or the radiators heats the interior of the house. It is common to use glycol mixtures as the heat transfer medium due to their freeze resistance and anti corrosion properties. However, a disadvantage of glycol mixtures is they are relatively expensive and not suitable for use in a potable water system.
It is also known to use water as the heat transfer medium, which is attractive due to its relatively very low cost and ease of availability. However, hitherto, water in the hydronic heating circuit must be isolated from the house's potable water supply for health and sanitisation reasons.
One type of hydronic heating system using water as the fluid transfer medium uses large storage tanks of heated water, which are independent of the house's potable water circuit. Heat exchanging coils pass through the tanks, for exchange of heat, and then connect to the heating piping circuit. Alternatively, it is also known to use an instantaneous boiler and water tank connected only to the hydronic circuit. One disadvantage of both of these approaches is they require the use of dedicated, stand-alone and expensive equipment. Another disadvantage is space must be found to locate the equipment. Another disadvantage is a second gas supply may be required if the house's hot water system runs on gas. Another disadvantage is the main gas supply may need to be upgraded to run two separate gas systems contemporaneously. Another disadvantage is that a house that has gas driven heating, cooking and hot water is difficult to run as a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) system because of high gas usage.
Object of Invention
It is the object of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the above disadvantages and, in a preferred form, provide a hydronic heating system that is able to be connected to, and receive heat from, a house's domestic water heater and use potable water as a heat transfer medium without compromising the health and sanitisation of the house's potable water supply.
Summary
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
a water tank in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply and a potable heated water outlet supply;
a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank, the water heater configured to heat water passing there through to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria;
a hydronic heating circuit containing a volume of water and having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank; a first pum controllable to circulate water from the water tank, through the water heater and back to the water tank;
a second pump controllable to circulate water from the water tank through the hydronic circuit and back to the water tank; and
a controller configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump and the second pump to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria. The water tank has an outlet in fluid communication with the heater potable water supply outlet and the controller is preferably also configured to receive an indication of the temperature of the water in the tank and control the first pump and the water heater to maintain a portion of the water in the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and/or the water tank outlet at least at the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
a water tank having a cooler water inlet at or near the bottom of the tank tank, in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply, and a heated water outlet at or near the top of the tank, in fluid communication a potable heated water outlet supply;
a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the top of the tank, the water heater configured to heat water passing therethrough to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria;
a hydronic heating circuit containing a volume of water and having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the water tank;
a first pump controllable to circulate water from at or near the bottom of the water tank, through the water heater and to at or near the top of the water tank;
a second pump controllable to circulate water from the heated water outlet through the hydronic circuit and to the cooler water inlet; and
a controller configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump and the second pump to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
The controller is preferably also configured to receive an indication of the temperature of the water in the tank from one or more temperature sensors and control the first pump and the water heater to maintain a portion of the water in the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and/or the heated water outlet at least at the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
The water heater is preferably a gas continuous heater or gas instantaneous type heater. The system preferably also includes at least one solar panel having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank at or near the top of the tank.
The controller preferably also receives an indication of the temperature of the water in the at least one solar panel from one or more temperature sensors.
The system preferably also includes a first one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit downstream of the heated potable water supply outlet in fluid communication with the heated water outlet, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
The system preferably also includes a second one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit upstream of the second pump, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
a water tank having a cooler water inlet, in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply, and a heated water outlet, in fluid communication a potable heated water outlet supply, the water tank outlet being at or near the top of the tank;
a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank;
a hydronic heating circuit having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank; and
a controller configured to maintain the temperature of the water at least at or near the top of the tank, and thus available to the water tank outlet and the hydronic circuit inlet, at least at a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
The hydronic circuit contains a volume of water and the controller is preferably also adapted to circulate at least an equal of water therethrough, the circulated water being heated to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
The water heater is preferably a gas continuous heater or gas instantaneous type heater. The system preferably also includes at least one solar panel having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank at or near the top of the tank.
The controller preferably also receives an indication of the temperature of the water in the at least one solar panel from one or more temperature sensors.
The system preferably also includes a first one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit downstream of the heated potable water supply outlet in fluid communication with the heated water outlet, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
The system preferably also includes a second one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit upstream of the second pump, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides method of operating a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the hydronic heating system includes a water tank connectable to a mains potable water inlet supply, a water heater for heating the water in the tank, a hydronic heating circuit connected to the water tank and a potable heated water outlet supply, the method including periodically, or upon user activation, circulating all water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria before the water from the hydronic heating circuit is available at the heated potable water supply outlet.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides method of operating a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the hydronic heating system includes a water tank connectable to a mains potable water inlet supply and having a potable heated water outlet supply at or near its top, a water heater for heating the water in the tank, a hydronic heating circuit having an inlet connected to the water tank at or near the top of the tank, the method including maintaining at least a portion of the water in the tank at or near the top of the tank at least at a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria such that only such heated water is available to the heated potable water supply outlet and/or the hydronic circuit inlet. Brief Description of Drawing
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of an example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a hydronic heating system.
Description of Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a hydronic heating system 10. The system 10 includes a water tank 12, which for a typical house would have a capacity of about 250 litres. A gas continuous heater 14 (also known as a gas instantaneous heater) is used to heat water in the tank 12, and has an inlet 16 and an outlet 18. The heater 14 is supplied by mains gas and heats all water passing therethrough to a temperature of approximately 70°C, which is sufficient to instantly disinfect Legionella bacteria.
The tank 12 has an inlet 12, at or near its bottom, which is in fluid communication with a first inlet supply of mains, potable, relatively cooler, water 20a. The water supply 20a is typically between 8 to 25 °C. The tank 12 also includes an outlet 24 at or near the bottom of the tank 12, which is in fluid communication with the inlet 16 of the heater 14 via a first pump 26 and a first valve 28 respectively. The tank 12 also includes a potable, heated, water outlet 30. The outlet 30 is at or near the top of the tank 12 and is in fluid communication with one (inlet) end of a hydronic circuit 32 via a one-way valve 34. The valve 34 only permits water to enter the hydronic circuit 32. Another one-way valve 36 is positioned near the other (outlet) end of the hydronic circuit 32. The valve 36 only permits water to leave the circuit 32 and be communicated to the inlet 22 of the tank 12 via a second pump 38. A tempering valve 39 is also installed in the hydronic circuit 32, which receives a second supply of mains, potable, relatively cooler, water 20b.
The system 10 also includes a controller 40 which receives signals indicative of water temperature from first to fourth temperature senses 42, 44, 46 and 48 respectively.
The outlet 30 of the tank 12 is also in fluid communication with a potable heated, water outlet supply 50. The supply 50 is connected to taps, showers, baths, washing machines etc. The system 10 can also optionally include a first and a second solar panel 52 and 54 respectively. The first solar panel 52 has a first inlet 56 in fluid communication with the first pump 26 via a valve 58. The first solar panel 52 also includes an outlet 60 in fluid
communication with an inlet 62 of the second solar panel 54. The second solar panel 54 includes a first outlet 64 in fluid communication with an inlet 66 in the tank 12 and also a second outlet 68 in fluid communication with a second inlet 70 in the first solar panel 52.
Generally speaking, in use, the controller 40 monitors the temperature at the sensors 42, 44, 46 and 48 and energises the first pump 26 and the heater 14 to maintain a supply of water heated to between 60°C and 70°C in at least an upper zone 12a of the tank 12, and tops up the heated water supply in response to water being drawn off at the supply 50 for domestic uses. The upper zone 12a is about 70 % of the total volume of the tank. The controller also maintains a second lower zone 12b of the tank 12 at a water temperature of between 8°C and 80°C
More particularly, the logic of the controller 40 in opening and closing the valve 26 and starting and stopping the pump 26 and the heater 14 relative to each of the temperature sensors 42, 44 and 46 is similar to that described in the Applicant's International PCT Patent
Application No. PCT/AU2009/001432 (WO 2010/065986), the relevant contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference.
If sufficient solar energy is available, the controller 40 can close the valve 28, open the valve 58 and energise the pump 26 to circulate water through the solar panels 52 and 54 for solar heating before return to the tank at inlet 64. The logic of the controller 40 in opening and closing the valve 58 and starting and stopping the pump 58 relative to each of the temperature sensors 42, 44, 46 and 48 is also similar to that described in the Applicant's International PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2009/001432 (WO 2010/065986), the relevant contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference.
Any water supplied to the tank region 12a from the heater 14 has been heated to a temperature of approximately 70°C, which is sufficient to instantly disinfect legionella bacteria. In addition, any water supplied to the tank region 12a from the solar panels 52 or 54 must, before leaving the tank 12, pass into and through the zone 12a, which is maintained by the controller between 60°C and 70°C, which is sufficient to disinfect the Legionella bacteria within 0 to 3 minutes. As a result, any water supplied to the house via the potable heated, water outlet supply 50 must have already undergone sufficient heating to disinfect the Legionella bacteria.
In a typical house, the hydronic circuit 32 may have a volume of 50 to 200 litres of water. In the non-heating season, such water may sit in the pipes of the circuit 32 for a relatively long length of time at a temperature (eg. 20-50°C) which is conducive to the breeding of Legionella bacteria. The controller 40 monitors and records activity within the hydronic circuit 32 over a two week cycle (or as otherwise specifically programmed). If no activity in the hydronic circuit 32 is observed, the controller 40 institutes a sterilisation cycle, or in response to user activation through an in house display. The sterilisation cycle begins when the controller energises the first pump 26, the heater 14 and the second pump 38 in order to circulate water, that has been disinfected by passing through the heater 14 and/or the heated water zone 12a, through the circuit 32. This circulation is conducted for a sufficient period to ensure the entire volume of water in the hydronic circuit 32 has passed through the heater 14 and the zone 12a such that disinfection of any Legionella bacteria in the circuit 32 is achieved.
Adequate circulation can be achieved in a number of ways. Firstly, dividing the volume of the water in the circuit 32 by the flow rate of the first and second pumps 26 and 38 will reveal the time that the pumps 26 and 38 have to be energised in order to circulate the entire volume of the circuit 32. For example, for a 200 litre volume circuit, pumps having a flow rate of 5 litres per min litre/minute are energised for at least 40 minutes. Alternatively, at the beginning of the sterilisation cycle, the controller 40 notes the water temperature at the sensor 42 and circulates water through the hydronic circuit 32 until the sensor 42 registers a change in water temperature, thereby indicating that all water in the hydronic circuit 32 has been sterilised.
When hydronic heating is required, the water in the circuit 32 is tempered down to a range of approximately 20°C to 35°C by mixture with relatively cooler potable water from the mains supply 20b at the tempering valve 39.
The advantage of the hydronic heating system 10 is that in allows a hydronic circuit to use inexpensive and readily available potable water as a heat transfer medium without health risks or requiring dedicated or isolated componentry. More particularly, the hydronic circuit 32 can be connected as described above to a (new or existing) substantially conventional gas or gas/solar residential hot water system with relatively little modification required. This avoids the cost and the space requirements for installing dedicated separate components to heat the water in the hydronic circuit.
The hydronic heating system 10 is advantageously also suitable for use with a solar assisted gas hot water system running on bottled LPG, as such a hot water system has relatively low gas usage due to, typically, at least 60% of the hot water needs of a house or dwelling being supplied via solar energy.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied, in many other forms. For example, a chiller can also be connected to the hydronic circuit, allowing the hydronic circuit to be switched from heating to cooling, again with periodic sterilization.

Claims

1. A hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
a water tank in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply and a potable heated water outlet supply;
a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank, the water heater configured to heat water passing there through to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria;
a hydronic heating circuit containing a volume of water and having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank; a first pump controllable to circulate water from the water tank, through the water heater and back to the water tank;
a second pump controllable to circulate water from the water tank through the hydronic circuit and back to the water tank; and
a controller configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump and the second pump to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
2. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water tank has an outlet in fluid communication with the heater potable water outlet supply and the controller is also configured to receive an indication of the temperature of the water in the tank and control the first pump and the water heater to maintain a portion of the water in the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and/or the water tank outlet at least at the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
3. A hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
a water tank having a cooler water inlet at or near the bottom of the tank tank, in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply, and a heated water outlet at or near the top of the tank, in fluid communication a potable heated water outlet supply; a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the top of the tank, the water heater configured to heat water passing therethrough to at least a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria;
a hydronic heating circuit containing a volume of water and having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the water tank;
a first pump controllable to circulate water from at or near the bottom of the water tank, through the water heater and to at or hear the top of the water tank;
a second pump controllable to circulate water from the heated water outlet through the hydronic circuit and to the cooler water inlet; and
a controller configured to periodically, or upon user activation, control the first pump and the second pump to circulate the volume of water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
4. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the controller is also configured to receive an indication of the temperature of the water in the tank from one or more temperature sensors and control the first pump and the water heater to maintain a portion of the water in the water tank at or near the top of the water tank and/or the heated water outlet at least at the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
5. The hydronic heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the water heater is a gas continuous heater or gas instantaneous type heater.
6. The hydronic heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system also includes at least one solar panel having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank at or near the top of the tank.
/
7. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the controller also receives an indication of the temperature of the water in the at least one solar panel from one or more temperature sensors.
8. The hydronic heating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system also includes a first one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit downstream of the heated potable water outlet supply in fluid communication with the heated water outlet, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
9. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the system also includes a second one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit upstream of the second pump, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
10. A hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the system includes:
a water tank having a cooler water inlet, in fluid communication with a mains potable cold water inlet supply, and a heated water outlet, in fluid communication a potable heated water outlet supply, the water tank outlet being at or near the top of the tank;
a water heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank;
a hydronic heating circuit having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with the water tank; and
a controller configured to maintain the temperature of the water at least at or near the top of the tank, and thus available to the water tank outlet and the hydronic circuit inlet, at least at a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
1 1. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the hydronic circuit contains a . volume of water and the controller is also adapted to circulate at least an equal of water therethrough, the circulated water being heated to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria.
12. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the water heater is a gas continuous heater or gas instantaneous type heater.
13. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 10, 1 1 or 12, wherein the system also includes at least one solar panel having an inlet in fluid communication with the water tank at or near the bottom of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank at or near the top of the tank.
14. The hydronic heating system as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the controller also receives an indication of the temperature of the water in the at least one solar panel from one or more temperature sensors.
15. The hydronic heating system as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the system also includes a first one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit downstream of the heated potable water outlet supply in fluid communication with the heated water outlet, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
16. The hydronic heating system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the system also includes a second one way valve in the hydronic heating circuit upstream of the second pump, the one way valve only permitting flow from the inlet of the hydronic heating circuit towards the outlet of the hydronic heating circuit.
17. A method of operating a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the hydronic heating system includes a water tank connectable to a mains potable water inlet supply, a water heater for heating the water in the tank, a hydronic heating circuit connected to the water tank and a potable water heated outlet supply, the method including periodically, or upon user activation, circulating all water in the hydronic heating circuit through the water heater for heating to at least the temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria before the water from the hydronic heating circuit is available at the heated potable water supply outlet.
18. A method of operating a hydronic heating system using potable water as a hydronic heat transfer medium, the hydronic heating system includes a water tank connectable to a mains potable water inlet supply and having a potable water heated outlet supply at or near its top, a water heater for heating the water in the tank, a hydronic heating circuit having an inlet connected to the water tank at or near the top of the tank, the method including maintaining at least a portion of the water in the tank at or near the top of the tank at least at a temperature sufficient to disinfect Legionella bacteria such that only such heated water is available to the heated potable water supply outlet and/or the hydronic circuit inlet.
PCT/AU2012/000897 2011-11-18 2012-07-27 A hydronic heating system and associated method of operation WO2013071333A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2011904835 2011-11-18
AU2011904835A AU2011904835A0 (en) 2011-11-18 A hydronic heating system and associated method of operation

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WO2013071333A1 true WO2013071333A1 (en) 2013-05-23

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CN107101365A (en) * 2016-02-21 2017-08-29 刘俊峰 The clean energy resource water heater of natural water pressure
AU2016253669B2 (en) * 2015-11-05 2022-08-11 Pump & Electrical Engineering Services Pty Ltd Water heating system
CN115006866A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-09-06 东营海瑞宝新材料有限公司 Polyurea production is with dewatering device who has steam condensation backward flow prevention function

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US4501262A (en) * 1980-04-14 1985-02-26 Halm Instrument Co. Inc. Solar hot water system without heat exchanger
GB2293438A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-03-27 Gledhill Water Storage The control of water heating apparatus to prevent scalding
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2016253669B2 (en) * 2015-11-05 2022-08-11 Pump & Electrical Engineering Services Pty Ltd Water heating system
CN107101365A (en) * 2016-02-21 2017-08-29 刘俊峰 The clean energy resource water heater of natural water pressure
CN115006866A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-09-06 东营海瑞宝新材料有限公司 Polyurea production is with dewatering device who has steam condensation backward flow prevention function
CN115006866B (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-21 东营海瑞宝新材料有限公司 Polyurea production is with dewatering device who has steam condensation backward flow prevention function

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