WO2013070054A1

WO2013070054A1 - Method for obtaining hydrogen, hydrotalcite and aluminium hydroxide from a first reaction between a magnesium-aluminium alloy and oxygen, and a second reaction between the magnesium-aluminium mixed oxide with water and dissolved carbonates

Info

Publication number: WO2013070054A1
Application number: PCT/MX2011/000137
Authority: WO
Inventors: José Luis ITURBE GARCÍA
Original assignee: Instituto Nacional De Investigaciones Nucleares
Priority date: 2011-11-11
Filing date: 2011-11-11
Publication date: 2013-05-16

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium-aluminium mixed oxide (MgOAl) from the reaction between particles of the magnesium-aluminium alloy (MgAl) and oxygen (O₂), said method involving a reaction between a solid and a gas at a certain normal temperature and pressure. The magnesium-aluminium alloy (MgAl) has a composition of 10 wt % to 90 wt % of magnesium (Mg) and 10 wt % to 90 wt % of aluminium (Al), the oxygen (O₂) is obtained from the argon (Ar), helium (He), nitrogen (N₂), and hydrogen (H₂) gases that contain same as an impurity with a concentration of 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm), also being obtained from the atmospheric air. The magnesium-aluminium mixed oxide (MgOAl) was initially obtained in a thermogravimetric system (TGA) and then in a tube furnace, but can also be obtained in any type of furnace or muffle; the temperature at which the mixed oxide is obtained ranges from ambient temperature to 700 °C during a time from 0.5 to 5 hours or until the reaction ends, said procedure producing a bulky, porous, low-density, dark grey compound that is similar to a calcined hydrotalcite (HT) compound, having physical and chemical properties that are different to those of a commercially available hydrotalcite (HT); the magnesium-aluminium mixed oxide (MgOAl) is obtained with 5 to 50 times the volume of the particles of the alloy (MgAl) with the aforementioned percentages. Hydrogen (H₂), non-calcined hydrotalcite (HT) and aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) are also obtained in a single step, by reacting the mixed magnesium-aluminium oxide (MgOAl) with water (H₂O) and/or an aqueous solution of urea or any type of combination of solvents with water (H₂0) at low temperatures; said oxide also absorbs various types of gases, volatile compounds and moisture, both under normal pressure and temperature conditions and under certain pressure and temperature conditions in the event of absorbing hydrogen (H₂) in a microreactor.

Description

A PROCESS FOR OBTAINING HYDROTALCITE HYDROTALCITE AND HYDROXIDE OF ALUMINUM, FROM A FIRST REACTION BETWEEN A MAGNESIUM-ALUMINUM AND OXYGEN ALLOY, AND A SECOND REACTION BETWEEN MIXED OXIDE OF MAGNESUM-CARBONOSBIO WITH DISEASE.

Object of the invention

The objective of the present invention is primarily to obtain pure Hydrogen (¾) from a mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution for application in industry, as fuel for fuel cells, automotive industry and in general for the industry that uses Hydrogen (H ₂ ); Another objective of the present invention is also to obtain a mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) from the reaction between the magnesium-aluminum alloy (MgAl) and the Oxygen (02); In addition, another objective of the present invention is to obtain an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) as a byproduct in obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ) for use in the pharmaceutical, food and chemical industry and at the same time obtaining Hydroxide solution. Aluminum (Al (OH) ₃ ).

Background of the invention

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrootalcite (HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) in a single stage and continuously from the reaction between the mixed oxide magnesium aluminum (MgOAl) and water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution.

References 1 * and 2 * describe a process to obtain non-cal hydrotalcite (HT) from Magnesium (Mg) and Aluminum (Al) Salts, as they are, Magnesium Nitrate (Mg (Ν0 ₃ ) ₂ · 6Η ₂ 0) and Aluminum Nitrate (Al (N0 ₃ ) ₃ ^» 9H ₂ 0), (K ^ CO _j ) and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), and subsequently, when obtaining uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) heat it between 300 and 600 ° C. Hydrotalcites (HT) are prepared by co-precipitation at pH between 8.5-9.5 using an aqueous solution of Mg (N0 ₃ ) ₂ * 6H ₂ 0 and Α1 (Ν0 ₃ ) ₃ · 9Η ₂ 0 containing quantities of Magnesium salts ( Mg) and Aluminum (Al) for obtain a desired Mg / Al molar ratio that can be (Mg / Al = 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0), according to the stoichiometry of the following formula: [Mg _a Al _b (0H) _{2 (a + b)} ] (C0 ₃ ) _{b / 2} ^» mH ₂ 0.

For example, obtaining a Hydrotalcite (HT) with a ratio of Mg / Al = 1 was performed as follows; First they prepared an aqueous solution (A) with 17.19 g. Mg (N0 ₃ ) ₂ ^» 6H ₂ 0 and 25.16 g. of A1 (N0 ₃ ) ₃ ^» 9H ₂ 0 in 50 cm ³ of Water (H ₂ 0); On the other hand they prepared a second aqueous solution (B) containing 4.63 g. Potassium Carbonate (IC, C0 ₃ ) and 17.01 g. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) in 150 cm ³ of Water (H ₂ 0); The two solutions (A) and (B) were added slowly in a flask containing 150 cm of Water (H ₂ 0) at 70 ° C under stirring, where the pH was continuously monitored by adjusting the rate of addition of the solutions (A) and (B); The slurry obtained was separated and washed repeatedly in a centrifuge; Subsequently, the white paste obtained was dried in an oven at 100 ° C for 48 hours; Finally, the material was calcined in a flask at the temperatures indicated for 2 to 6 hours; But it is different from the present invention because only particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum (MgAl) and Oxygen (0 ₂ ) alloy are used at a certain temperature to obtain the mixed Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl), in addition to this mixed oxide when reacting With Water (H ₂ Q) and / or aqueous solution of urea produces Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined and aqueous solution of Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage and at low temperature, this process is simpler and less laborious, does not use additional energy for calcination and reduces the time to obtain Hydrotalcite (HT); There are several works reported in patents on obtaining Hydrotalcite (HT), the patent with number US 721 1235B2 whose author is Max Eisgruber et al. of the year 2007, describes a method to prepare Hydrotalcite (HT) for which it uses on the one hand divalent compounds such as Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Sr, Ba, and / or Cu and on the other hand trivalent metals such as Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Fe, Ga, Se, B, and / or rare earth trivalent metal cations, for which magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ .6H ₂ 0) and Aluminum Chloride are mixed (A1C1 ₃ ) and add carbon dioxide (C0 ₂ ), they also use Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) Aluminum Oxide (A1 ₂ 0 ₃ ), Sodium Aluminum, together with Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Hydroxide Magnesium (Mg (OH) ₂ ) takes into account the pH of the solution between 7-13.5 and temperatures of 20 to 100 ° C. But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite (HT) not also calcined. Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) is obtained in solution, these products are obtained in a single stage, the reaction time is substantially reduced, no additional energy is required for calcination, the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is obtained from a metal alloy and oxygen (0 ₂ ), its Physicochemical properties are totally different from commercial Hydrotalcite (HT); Another reported patent work is with the number US 5728363 of 1998 and whose author is Eduard S. Martin et al., They obtain a synthetic Hydrotalcite (HT) by reacting powdered Magnesium Oxide (MgO) that has a large surface area and alumina solution or suspension (A1 ₂ Ü3) to first form an intermediate compound and this makes it react with some acid preferably Hydrochloric Acid (HC1) to form Hydrotalcite (HT), which is filtered off by centrifugation or vacuum dehydration; But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (| »IgOAl) and Water (¾0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained, a Hydrotalcite (HT ) not calcined, Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) is obtained in solution, these three compounds are obtained in a single stage, the reaction time is substantially reduced, no additional energy is required for calcination, the Magnesium-mixed oxide Aluminum (MgOAl) is obtained from a metal alloy and Oxygen (0 ₂ ), its physicochemical properties are totally different from the commercial Hydrotalcite (HT) and both calcined and uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) absorb gases; US Patent 6846870 of 2005 whose author is Masaki Fujii et al., Prepare a synthetic Hydrotalcite (HT) with divalent and trivalent cations that react with organic amons such as carboxylates of straight chain acids with carbon atom numbers from C ₂ to Ci8, carboxylates of aromatic acids, carboxylates of acrylic acid, unsaturated carboxylates of methacrylic acid, and unsaturated carboxylates of vinyl acetic acid; But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained, a Hydrotalcite (HT ) not calcined, Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) is obtained in solution and in a single stage and at a low temperature, the reaction time is substantially reduced, no additional energy is required for calcination, the mixed magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is obtained from a metal alloy and Oxygen (0 ₂ ), its physicochemical properties are totally different from commercial Hydrotalcite (HT) and these compounds absorb gases; Another patent work is from the year 1967 of Kumura et al., With US number 3539306, presents a process to prepare synthetic Hydrotalcite (HT) where it mixes Aluminum (Al) salts with Magnesium (Mg) salts in aqueous medium in presence of a carbonate ion and regulates the pH of the solution at 8 and subsequently recovers Hydrotalcite (HT) which it uses as an antacid or an excipient comprising Hydrotalcite (HT); It also uses compounds such as Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (HO) ₃ ), Aluminum Carbonate Fe ₂ (C0 ₃ ) ₃ , Aluminum Carbonate Hydroxide, Aluminum Alcobplate, soluble aluminum salt (A1C1 ₃ ) that together with Magnesium compounds ( Mg), such as Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Magnesium Hydroxide (MgOH) ₂ ), Magnesium Carbonate (MgC0 ₃ ), Magnesium Chloride (MgCl ₂ ); But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed Magnesium-Aluminum Oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used, hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined is obtained and solution of Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage and at low temperatures, the reaction time is substantially reduced, no additional energy is required for calcination, the mixed Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is obtained at from a metal alloy and Oxygen (0 ₂ ), its physicochemical properties are totally different from commercial Hydrotalcite (HT), these compounds also absorb gases and vapors from water and solvents; There is also the Chanakya Misra patent with US number RE34164 of 1993, which presents a method to produce Hydrotalcite (HT) by reacting an activated magnesia with an aqueous solution of aluminate, carbonate and hydroxyl ions, at atmospheric pressure to form Hydrotalcite (HT ) high purity and high yield; Activated magnesia forms by heating Magnesium Carbonate or Magnesium Hydroxide at a temperature between 500 to 900 ° C; But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used, hydrogen (¾), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined are obtained, Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) solution in a single stage and at low temperatures, the reaction time is substantially reduced, no additional energy is required for calcination, the mixed Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is obtained from of a metal alloy and Oxygen (0 ₂ ), its physicochemical properties are totally different from the commercial Hydrotalcite (HT) besides the compounds absorb gases; Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained by decomposing natural gas, alcohol and some other source that contains Hydrogen (H ₂ ), a process known as "reforming". The reforming process consists of exposing natural gas, high in methane , with steam at high pressure and temperature; They are obtained as a result of the chemical reaction; Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon dioxide (C0 ₂ ), and depending on the reforming process, also carbon monoxide (CO), and in the case If the natural gas contains sulfur (S), it must be removed by desulfurization; The process is carried out by two reactions, the first is the Water Gas Shift reaction between water and methane (CH ₄ );

CH ₄ + H ₂ 0 → H ₂ + C0 ₂

The first reforming reaction takes place between 800-900 ° C at a pressure of 25 bars, obtaining a gas rich in carbon dioxide (C0 ₂ ) and Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) in smaller quantities; Carbon Monoxide (CO) is first eliminated by means of high temperature and Low Temperature Shift reactions at 400 and 200 ° C, respectively and a gaseous mixture of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is produced. , Carbon Dioxide (CO ₂ ), Water (H ₂ 0) and some Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4); After this stage a final purification is performed, using the Pressure Swing Adsorption PSA process, which allows obtaining 99.99% pure Hydrogen (H ₂ ), whose energy content is greater than the natural gas of which it precedes; The natural gas reforming is carried out with an efficiency of 72%, which means a loss of 28% of the energy contained in the natural gas to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ); Energy is also used to extract and release natural gas to the Hydrogen plant (H ₂ ); Hydrogen (H ₂ ) has the lowest energy density of any fuel; At normal pressure and temperature, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) occupies 3000 times the volume of gasoline containing an equivalent of energy; Another method is from water in the process known as water electrolysis, this last option makes, in fact, the reserves of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) unlimited; Hydrogen (H ₂ ) can be stored as a gas, liquid or in easily dissociated compounds such as metal hydrides, which are the best form of storage from the point of view of your safety; A possible and quite promising solution is the use of intermetallic compounds, which are nowadays widely studied as good candidates for storing Hydrogen (H ₂ ) due to their great potential in technological applications; Globally, 48% of the production of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is from natural gas, 30% from oil, and 18% from coal; water electrolysis represents only 4%; The large market and the increase in population have also stimulated a great interest in finding alternative, cheaper methods for the production of Hydrogen (H ₂ ); Papers have been reported through patents on the production and storage of hydrogen; On the other hand, there is also information about the different materials that exist to store various types of gases including the main one that it is the Hydrogen (H ₂ ); There are several ways to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), among the works found is US Patent 3957483 of Masahiro (1976), it refers to the generation of Hydrogen from magnesium compounds and mixtures prepared with other metals such as (Fe), (Zn), (Cr), (Al). By reacting 8,012 grams of Mg and 4 grams of Fe powder, 10 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) plus 1500 milliliters of Water (H ₂ 0) and produce Hydrogen (H ₂ ); But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (¾) at low temperatures and normal pressure, it is obtained Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) does not require purification or catalysts, less laborious, and an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) derivative is obtained with physicochemical properties totally different from commercial Hydrotalcites (HT), the reaction time is substantially reduced, not it requires additional energy for the reaction, the process in general is much easier; Another patent work is the number US 6638493 of Andersen et al. (2003) where they generate Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and heat by placing aluminum (Al) with water (¾0) in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which is used as a catalyst; But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and water (¾0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), at low temperatures and normal pressure, it is obtained Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) does not require purification, without catalysts, less laborious, and an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) derivative is obtained with physicochemical properties totally different from commercial Hydrotalcites (HT), the reaction time is substantially reduced, does not require additional energy for the reaction, the process in general is much easier; Another work reported is US Pat. No. 7235226 of Wetanabe et al. (2007), this work obtains Hydrogen (¾) using fine particles of aluminum (Al) activated by grinding and water (H ₂ 0) at different temperatures. But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), at low temperatures and normal pressure, Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained does not require purification, without catalysts, less laborious, and an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) derivative with physicochemical properties is obtained that is totally different from commercial Hydrotalcites (HT), substantially reduces the time of reaction, does not require additional energy for the reaction, the process in general is much easier, Another Masahiro Suzuki patent number US 4269818 of 1981, produces Hydrogen (H ₂ ) by immersion of a piece of Magnesium (Mg) in a solution electrolytic Containing Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Pt, this method takes a long time to obtain Hydrogen (¾); But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), at low temperatures and normal pressure, Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained, it does not require purification or catalysts, less laborious, and an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) derivative with physicochemical properties is obtained that is totally different from commercial Hydrotalcites (HT), substantially reduces the time of reaction, does not require additional energy for the reaction, the process in general is much easier. Another work that reports the generation of Hydrogen is US Patent 6358488 from Seijirau (2002), where it obtains Hydrogen (H ₂ ) from Boron Sodium Hydride (NaBFLj) and an alkaline solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) o Potassium Hydroxide (OH) at 10% by weight, plus a Co and Ni catalyst or also with a magnesium-nickel alloy (Mg ₂ Ni), at low temperature produces Hydrogen (H ₂ ); The catalytic activity accelerates the reaction where the catalyst is subjected to a fluoridation treatment, that is, the catalyst is immersed in a solution of Potassium Fluoride (KF) acidified with Hydrofluoric acid (HF). But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), at low temperatures and normal pressure, Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained, it does not require purification or catalysts, less laborious, and an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) derivative with physicochemical properties is obtained that is totally different from commercial Hydrotalcites (HT), substantially reduces the time of reaction, does not require additional energy for the reaction, the process in general is much easier; US Patent 7083657 whose author is Richard M. Mohring et al. (2006), obtains Hydrogen (¾), using metal hydrides such as sodium borohydride (NaBHj), lithium (L1BH4), Potassium (KBH ₄ ), Ammonium (NH ₄ BH ₄ ) and mixtures plus a catalyst, such as Ru , Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Rh, Re, Pt, Pd, Cr, Ag, Os, Go, borides, alloys and mixtures. But it is different from the present invention because only the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution are used to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), at low temperatures and normal pressure, Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained, it does not require purification or catalysts, less laborious, and an uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) derivative is obtained with physicochemical properties totally different from commercial Hydrotalcites (HT), the reaction time is substantially reduced It does not require additional energy for the reaction, the process in general is much easier. References

one *. vyww.iqcelava.itc.mx/rmiq/2006_p_263.pdf

2*. J. A. Rivera-Ortega et al. Characterization of basic catalysts type Hydrotalcite (HT) synthesized by microwave irradiation, Mexican Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 5, No. 3 (2006) 263-268

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to obtaining the mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum

i

(MgOAl) using particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) with percentages from 10% to 90% for magnesium (Mg) and from 10% to 90% for aluminum (Al) which react with oxygen (0 ₂ ) in concentration from 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) which is found as impurity in the gases used as carriers within the thermogravimetric system where said reaction is carried out with flow from 0.5 to 60 milliliters per minute, on the other hand it was obtained the same mixed oxide of magnesium-aluminum (MgOAl) in a tubular type furnace and can also be obtained in any type of furnace, muffle of any type and size, on this occasion the particles of magnesium-aluminum (MgAl) are kept only in air atmosphere, both in the thermogravimetric system and in the oven the temperature is programmed and heated from 20 ° C to 700 ° C at a rate of 0.2 to 60 ° C per minute, these conditions are maintained for 0.5 to 5 hours or until what t the reaction ends; Subsequently, both the thermogravimetric system and the furnace are opened and the compound which is identified as a mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is removed, this oxide turned out to be dark gray, very bulky, very light, porous of very low density similar to calcined Hydrotalcite (HT); To produce Hydrogen (H ₂ ), a certain amount of Magnesium-Aluminum Oxide (MgOAl) is placed in a container made of any! type of material such as plastic, glass, aluminum, stainless steel, then it is emptied and a certain volume of Water (H ₂ 0) is added to the tap, deionized, distilled or any type of Water (H ₂ 0) clean preferably Water (H ₂ 0) distilled where dissolved carbonates or aqueous urea solution are found, the container is sealed tightly with a cap of the same material as the container, which has 3 valves, through one of them circulates Hydrogen (H ₂ ) outward, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is produces, after several seconds or minutes, depending on the reaction temperature, which can be from room temperature to 100 ° C. The volume of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) that is produced depends on the percentage of magnesium (Mg) and Aluminum (Al) in the oxide; The reaction produces hydrogen gas (H ₂ ) and Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined with physicochemical properties different from those of a commercial Hydrotalcite (HT); Which is separated from the resulting solution by decantation and / or filtration, the remaining solution was identified as Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) solution which has a pH of 10; Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) can absorb different types of vapors gases of organic solvents and water moisture (H ₂ O) both at room temperature and under certain conditions of pressure and temperature for example for the absorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite

(HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage.

In a first embodiment the process of the present invention comprises the following steps: a) Weigh the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) with sizes from 100 nanometers to 10 centimeters, the percentages of Mg-Al in the alloy are between 10% to 90% for magnesium (Mg) and between 10% to 90% for aluminum (Al);

b) Place the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) in a container, inside an oven;

c) Program and heat the oven from room temperature to 700 ° C at a rate of 0.2 to 60 ° C per minute, the maximum reaction temperature of 450 ° C is maintained for a range of 0.5 to 5 hours or until the reaction ends in a time of 1 hour to 3 hours and the Oxygen (0 ₂ ) is injected through the carrier gases selected from Nitrogen (N ₂ ), Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Argon (Ar), Helium (He), which contains a percentage of Oxygen (0 ₂ ) from 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) and / or atmospheric air, at a flow rate ranging from 0.5 to 60 milliliters per minute, in the case that there is no flow of carrier gases it is maintained in an air atmosphere; d) Once the reaction is finished, it is allowed to cool and the product formed of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) which is obtained in the form of dark gray powder is obtained, very bulky said volume increases from 5 to 25 times the volume of the alloy particles, very light and low density;

e) Place the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) in powder form ί

obtained in the previous step in a container provided with three valves, to make a vacuum, so that the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and the third one to add the Water (H ₂ 0), which can be pure Water (H ₂ 0) and / or Water (H ₂ 0) with dissolved carbonates and / or a solution of Water (H ₂ 0), carbonates and urea as catalyst; ¹ f) Then the reaction occurs and the Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide solution (Al (OH) ₃ ) are obtained and the same products are obtained in the case when using the water solution (H ₂ 0), with carbonates and / or a water solution (H ₂ 0), carbonates and urea from 1 to 30% as catalyst;

g) Once the Hydrogen (H) is produced, the valve that is placed on the lid is opened and circulates outwards for its control, use or for storage in the container itself;

h) From the solution of the final reaction, separate the uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) formed by filtration, and / or decantation and / or centrifugation as a white solid, wash, rinse and dry;

i) The remaining liquid contains Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in aqueous solution;

In a second embodiment the mixed Magnesium-Aluminum Oxide (MgOAl) is obtained from a Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) and the Oxygen (0 ₂ ), that is, a reaction between a solid with a gas.

In a third embodiment, the first stecheometric reaction to obtain the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is as follows:

I 75% 25%

I Mg Al + 0 ₂ - → 2MgOAl - (1)

In a fourth mode, the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) was obtained in the form of a dark gray powder, very bulky, said volume increases from 5 to 25 times the volume of the particles of the magnesium-aluminum alloy (MgAl), very light, low density, similar to a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT).

In a fifth mode the reaction to obtain the mixed oxide does not generate any contaminant and does not require any type of catalyst to initiate the reaction between the components.

In a sixth embodiment of the invention the reaction process is carried out in a single stage and continuously from room temperature to 700 ° C and at normal pressure.

In a seventh embodiment, the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) reacts with any type of clean water (H ₂ 0) selected from tap water, from the tap, distilled, deionized, or in solution with carbonates, and / or aqueous solution of urea from 1 to 30% and with carbonates, to produce hydrogen (H ₂ ) at low temperatures and at normal pressure.

In an eighth modality, the stocheometric reaction to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ 0), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage is:

MgOAl + H ₂ 0+ C0 ₃ ² -

^m -) _{x / m} · «H-0 + Al (OH) ₃ - (2)

Where M ²⁺ is a divalent cation, N ^{3+ is} a trivalent cation, A is a compensating anion with m- charge like C ^~ , n number of moles of water, the molar ratio M ³⁺ / M ²⁺ + N ^{3 +} is given by X. ¡

In a ninth modality only Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is produced without any other gas, so it does not require any purification process.

In a tenth mode the container where the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is produced can be moved to any place where it is required to use the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) avoiding being transported in special tanks. In a eleventh mode, the vessel where the chemical reaction is carried out also serves as a hydrogen storage system (H ₂ ).

In a twelfth modality, a volume of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) can be obtained by knowing the stocheometry of equation (2) according to the amount of Magnesium-Aluminum Oxide (MgOAl) and the volume of Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution, according to step (f) and the weight ratio between Magnesium and Aluminum (Mg Al) in the corresponding oxide.

In a thirteenth mode the product obtained after the reaction is uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) which is separated from the solution by decantation and / or filtration.

In a fourteenth mode the reaction to produce Hydrogen (H ₂ ) between the mixed oxide and the Water (H ₂ 0) depends on the temperature which can be from the ambient one to 100 ° C.

In a fifteenth mode, the product obtained after producing Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is a white solid identified as Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined. In a sixteenth mode, the liquid obtained by separating uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) is a solution of Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ).

In a seventeenth modality in the entire process of production of Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ), no type of contaminant is generated.

In a eighteenth modality, the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) absorbs different types of gases and humidity at ambient temperature and pressure, as well as for the particular case of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) it is absorbed at certain pressure and temperature conditions within of a micro-reactor.

The particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) used in the process of the present invention were obtained from an ingot of this alloy in the different percentages of each element, the ingot is roughed out with a flat bastard file, or any other means for this purpose, such as with emery or lathe until obtaining sufficient quantity of particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl), where the particles are obtained in sizes that can be in a range from 100 nanometers to 10 centimeters In addition, the alloy must be pure, that is, it must only contain Magnesium (Mg) and Aluminum (Al).

The Oxygen (0 ₂ ) with which the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) react come from a part of the gases used as carriers in the thermogravimetric system such as Argon (Ar), Nitrogen (N ₂ ), Helium ( He), Hydrogen (H ₂ ), which contain it as an impurity in concentrations of 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) and on the other hand the atmospheric air used in the tubular type furnace or any other type of furnace, to initiate the reaction It does not require any catalyst which is carried out in a temperature range from room temperature to 700 ° C and normal pressure.

To obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ) by means of the mixed magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0), the oxide should preferably be used once it is obtained since the reaction is slower after more time, Water (H ₂ 0) used for this purpose is defined by running Water (H ₂ 0), Water (H ₂ 0) distilled with dissolved carbonates, Water (H ₂ 0) preferably deionized Water (H ₂ 0) distilled. Urea is defined as being of commercial origin in concentration of 1 to 30%, the reaction is carried out from room temperature to 100 ° C and at normal pressure and does not require any purification process since pure Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained.

To absorb the gases of Carbon Dioxide (C0 ₂ ), Nitrogen (N ₂ ), Argon (Ar), Helium (He), air, humidity, water vapor (H ₂ 0), hydrocarbon vapors such as Methane (CH ₄ ), Ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ), Propane (C ₃ H ₈ ), Butane (C4H1 ₀ ), Pentane (C5H12), Hexane (C ₆ H] ₄ ), organic solvents such as Acetone, Benzene, Toluene, Phenols, Chlorinated Phenols, the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is placed in the environment or within the thermogravimetric system at different conditions both at normal temperature and pressure, and in the absorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) where certain pressure conditions are maintained and temperature inside a micro-reactor.

Characteristics of the reaction vessel, the vessel where the reaction between the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and the Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution is obtained, to obtain the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is made of any kind of material as you can be glass, plastic, stainless steel, Aluminum (Al) and of a determined volume from 10 milliliters to 100 liters or more, it must withstand the pressure of the Hydrogen gas (¾) produced in case it is stored, it also contains a lid made of it material where three valves are placed, one through which the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) that flows outwards, another through which water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution is added and the third to empty before initiating the reaction and further is placed a manometer for measuring the pressure of hydrogen (H ₂₎ if storage.

Examples

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, not to limit it, any variation thereof falls within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

10 milligrams of particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) were weighed in percentages of 75% for Magnesium (Mg) and 25% for Aluminum (Al), then the sample was placed on the scale containing the system thermogravimetric, the system was closed and a flow of Argon carrier gas (Ar) with oxygen quantity (0 ₂ ) of 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) was passed at a speed of 30 milliliters per minute, the system was programmed at a temperature from room temperature to 450 ° C with a gradient of 10 ° C per minute, the reaction temperature was maintained for 2 hours, at the end of the reaction time, the sample was removed from the balance and a Dark gray compound, very bulky, very light, porous and low density, subsequently analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, a derivative of a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT) was obtained, with particle sizes smaller than 500 nanometers .

Example 2

10 milligrams of magnesium-aluminum alloy (MgAl) particles were weighed in percentages of 75% for magnesium (Mg) and 25% for aluminum (Al), then the sample was placed on the scale containing the thermogravimetric system the system was closed and was passed a flow of carrier gas nitrogen (N ₂₎ with oxygen (0 ₂ ) from 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) at a speed of 30 milliliters per minute, the system was programmed at a temperature from room temperature to 450 ° C with a gradient of 10 ° C per minute, the temperature The reaction was maintained for 2 hours, at the end of the reaction time, the sample was removed from the balance and a dark gray, very bulky, very light, porous and low density compound was obtained, subsequently analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, a derivative of a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT) was obtained, with particle sizes smaller than 500 nanometers. Example 3

10 milligrams of magnesium-aluminum alloy (MgAl) particles were weighed in percentages of 75% for magnesium (Mg) and 25% for aluminum (Al), then the sample was placed on the scale containing the system thermogravimetric, the system was closed and a flow of Hydrogen carrier gas (¾) with oxygen (0 ₂ ) of 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) was passed at a speed of 30 milliliters per minute, the system was programmed at a temperature from room temperature to 450 ° C with a gradient of 10 ° C per minute, the reaction temperature was maintained for 2 hours, at the end of the reaction time, the sample was removed from the balance and a Dark gray compound, very bulky, very light, porous and low density, subsequently analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, a derivative of a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT) was obtained, with particle sizes smaller than 500 nanometers .

Example 4

100 milligrams of particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) were weighed in percentages of 75% for Magnesium (Mg) and 25% for Aluminum (Al), then the sample was placed on a support of a tray of stainless steel containing inside the tubular type oven, the oven was closed and kept in normal atmosphere, that is, with atmospheric air, the oven was programmed and heated from room temperature to 450 ° C with a gradient from 10 ° C per minute, the reaction temperature was maintained for 2 hours, at the end of the reaction time, the sample was removed from the oven and a dark gray, very bulky, very light, porous and low density compound was obtained, subsequently analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, derived from a hydrotalcite (HT) calcined with particle sizes less than 500 nanometers was obtained.

Example 5

100 milligrams of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgO Al) were weighed into a 20-milliliter glass vial, then 2 milliliters of Water (H ₂ 0) was added, which can be deionized from the faucet. , distilled or any type of clean Water (H ₂ 0), preferably distilled Water (H ₂ 0) and the glass vial is sealed tightly with a rubber stopper, this rubber stopper has a small valve through which it circulates Hydrogen (H ₂ ) to the outside, the vial was placed under the glass burette graduated and filled with Water (H ₂ 0) which in turn is inverted inside another container with Water (H ₂ 0) , this last container is placed on a heating grid to regulate the reaction temperature, the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and the cleaning to be produced after several minutes, which circulates through the valve that is placed on the rubber stopper, the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is measured by displacement of the water containing the graduated burette the volume of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) obtained was 21 milliliters in a time of 85 minutes, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 26 ° C at the end of the reaction the vial was removed with the solid formed and separated by filtration, decantation or centrifugation, the white solid which is identified as uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide solution (Al (OH) ₃ ) is recovered.

Example 6

100 milligrams of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgO Al) were weighed into a 20-milliliter glass vial, followed by the addition of 2 milliliters of water (H ₂ 0), which can be from the tap, deionized , distilled or of any type of Water (H ₂ 0) preferably cleans Water (H ₂ 0) distilled and the glass vial is sealed tightly with a rubber stopper, this rubber stopper has a small valve through which the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) to the outside, the vial was placed under the glass burette graduated and filled with Water (H ₂ 0) which in turn is found inversely inside another container with Water (H ₂ 0), This last container is placed on a heating grid to regulate the reaction temperature, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) begins to occur after several minutes, which circulates through the valve that is placed on the rubber stopper, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is measured by displacement of Water (H ₂ 0) containing the graduated burette, the volume of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) obtained was 21 milliliters in a time of 36 minutes, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 45 ° C at the end of the reaction the vial is removed with the solid formed and separated by filtration, decantation or centrifugation, the white solid is recovered which is white Identified as uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide solution (Al (OH ^ 3).

Example 7

100 milligrams of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) were weighed into a 20-milliliter glass vial, then 2 milliliters of 10% urea aqueous solution was added, the glass vial was plugged into Hermetic form with a rubber stopper, this rubber stopper has a small valve through which the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) flows outwards, the vial was placed under the graduated glass burette and filled with Water (H ₂ 0) that in turn, it is in reverse inside another container with Water (H ₂ 0), this last container is placed on a heating grid to regulate the reaction temperature, Hydrogen (H ₂ ) begins to occur after several minutes , which circulates through the valve that is placed on the rubber stopper, the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is measured by displacement of the water (H ₂ 0) that contains the graduated burette, the volume of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) obtained were 21 milliliters in a time For 26 minutes, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 45 ° C at the end of the reaction, the vial was removed with the solid formed and separated by filtration, decantation or centrifugation, the white solid was recovered which was identified as Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined.

Process of absorption and desorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) in the mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl).

Example 8

100 mg of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) was weighed, the powder was then placed in a 10-milliliter glass vessel, which was subsequently placed inside a micro-reactor, the micro-reactor was closed and programmed at a temperature of 250 ° C, mechanical vacuum was performed for 1 hour, after maintaining the temperature at 250 ° C, the micro-reactor was cooled to 10 ° C, throughout the process the vacuum is maintained in the micro-reactor , at a temperature of 10 ° C, the vacuum valve closes and 10 atmospheres of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) are applied for 10 minutes; After 10 minutes the Hydrogen pressure (H ₂ ) and the micro-reactor is opened and the container is removed with the sample that was in contact with the Hydrogen (H ₂ ), the container is immediately covered with a rubber stopper to prevent the Hydrogen ( H ₂ ) escape; The process of desorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) was first carried out in the thermogravimetric system (TGA) for which 3 milligrams of the hydrogenated sample are placed inside the thermogravimetric system, it is programmed from room temperature to 450 ° C, with an increase of temperature of 10 ° C per minute, Nitrogen (N ₂ ) is used as a carrier gas at a flow of 10 milliliters per minute.

Additionally, this process can also be carried out for the following gases: Carbon Dioxide (C0 ₂ ), Nitrogen (N ₂ ), Argon (Ar), Helium (He), air, water vapor moisture (H ₂ 0), steam vapors hydrocarbons, such as Methane (CH ₄ ), Ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ), Propane (C ₃ ¾), Butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ), Pentane (CsH ₁₂ ), Hexane (C ₆ Hi ₄ ), organic solvents such as Acetone, Benzene, Toluene, Phenols, Chlorinated Phenols, under certain pressure and temperature conditions from 0.5 to 20 atmospheres and from room temperature to 250 ° C respectively.

Process of absorption and desorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) in the mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl). Example 9

Subsequently, the process for hydrogenation within a micro-reactor is repeated under the same conditions as described above, that is, 100 mg of Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is placed in a glass container, which in turn Inside the Micro-reactor, the micro-reactor is closed and programmed at a temperature of 250 ° C, mechanical vacuum was performed for 1 hour, then the temperature is maintained at 250 ° C, the micro-reactor is cooled to 10 ° C, the vacuum valve is closed, then at this temperature of 10 ° C 10 atmospheres of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) are applied for 10 minutes. The pressure of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is then released and the micro-reactor is opened and the container is removed with the sample and immediately covered with a rubber stopper and an aluminum hoop-seal is placed to the rubber stopper (Al ) to prevent Hydrogen (H ₂ ) from escaping; The desorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is carried out by gas chromatography analysis, for which the container with the sample is first heated on a heating grid and aliquots of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) are extracted with a syringe and Injected into the gas chromatograph, each extraction is analyzed from an ambient temperature up to 280 ° C at 50 ° C intervals.

In the following table 1, the conditions are indicated based on examples 5, 6 † 7 to obtain Hydrogen, Uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and aqueous solution of Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ), in a single stage.

Table 1 shows the conditions for obtaining the Hydrogen gas (H ₂ ), the variation of the modality of the Magnesium-Aluminum mixed oxide (MgOAl), the volume of water (H ₂ 0) and / or urea solution, Hydrogen ( H ₂ ) obtained, time and temperature.

Table 1

Conclusions

By this process a mixed oxide of Magnesium-AJuminium (MgO Al) is obtained from the reaction between the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) in the different percentages of each element and the Oxygen (0 ₂ ) where this compound was identified as a derivative of a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT).

A reaction was carried out between a solid which is the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) and a gas such as Oxygen (0 ₂ ), at a certain temperature.

A very bulky Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl) oxide was obtained, said volume increases from 5 to 25 times the volume of the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum (MgAl) alloy, dark gray, very light, low density, very porous, with laminar morphology of nanometric size.

In carrying out the reaction it does not require catalysts or generate any | type of pollutants 5- The mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl) produces Hydrogen (H ₂ ) on contact with Water (H ₂ 0) which is defined by water (H ₂ 0), Water (H ₂ 0) distilled with dissolved carbonates , Water (H ₂ 0) preferably deionized Water (H ₂ 0) distilled, from room temperature to 100 ° C.

6- The mixed oxide of magnesium-aluminum (MgOAl) with the different percentages of these two elements, absorbs gases and humidity both in environmental conditions as well as in certain conditions of pressure and temperature for the particular case of hydrogen absorption (H ₂ ).

Description of the figures

Figure 1 represents the container used in obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ) from the reaction between the mixed magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) or aqueous urea solution; Where (1) represents the reaction vessel of different capacities with any type of internal coating that supports temperatures from ambient to 200 ° C, (2) indicates the reactants (particles of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution), (3) shows the lid made of the same material as the container, (4) represents the three valves, one to make a vacuum, another to add water (H ₂ 0 ) and / or the urea aqueous solution and the third one for the exit of the Hydrogen gas (H ₂ ), (5) indicates the pressure gauge to measure the pressure of the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) if stored, (6) shows the pump for vacuum, (7) represents the container where water is placed (H ₂ 0) and / or the aqueous solution of urea.

Figure 2 represents the graphs of obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ) between the compound of mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) and / or aqueous urea solution, the X axis indicates the reaction time expressed in minutes and the Y axis indicates the volume of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) obtained in milliliters, curve 1 refers to the reaction of 100 milligrams of mixed Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) with 75% magnesium and 25% of aluminum and 2 milliliters of distilled water (H ₂ 0) and at a temperature of 26 ° C, curve 2 refers to the reaction of 100 milligrams of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) with 75% Magnesium (Mg) and 25 % Aluminum (Al) and 2 milliliters of Water (H ₂ 0) of rain and at a temperature of 45 ° C, and curve 3 refers to the reaction of 100 milligrams of Mixed Magnesium-Aluminum Oxide (MgOAl) with 75% Magnesium and 25% Aluminum and 2 milliliters of 2% aqueous urea solution at a temperature of 45 ° C.

Process Advantages

1- The mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is obtained in a simple way from the magnesium-aluminum alloy (MgAl) and oxygen (0 ₂ ) at a certain normal temperature and pressure.

2- The mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is obtained by a new technique, without any catalyst.

3- A mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) similar to a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT) with different physicochemical properties is obtained.

4- Hydrogen (H _2), hydrotalcite (HT) uncalcined and aqueous hydroxide is obtained

5- Aluminum (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage and continuously by reacting the mixed oxide of Magnesium-Aluminum (MgOAl) and Water (H ₂ 0) which is defined by water (H ₂ 0) current , Water (H ₂ 0) distilled, Water (H ₂ 0) preferably deionized Water (H ₂ 0) distilled at low temperatures, from ambient to 100 ° C.

6- Pure hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained without any purification process.

7- The production speed of the Hydrogen gas (H ₂ 0) can be adjusted depending on the reaction temperature.

8- Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained in any place or place where it is required, avoiding both storage and transportation in special tanks.

9- Avoid using a large amount of additional energy to obtain it.

10- Hydrogen (H ₂ ) can be stored in the same container where it is produced. 1 1 - The amount of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is expected according to the concentration of Magnesium (Mg) and Aluminum (Al) in the mixed oxide.

12- The mixed oxide magnesium aluminum (MgOAl) absorbs different types of gases at normal temperature and pressure and in certain conditions of pressure and temperature absorbs hydrogen gas (H _2).

13- In the whole process no pollutants are produced. Problems it solves

a) A derivative of a calcined Hydrotalcite (HT) is obtained by reacting a solid with a gas and a Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined by a faster and less complicated method.

b) Obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ) in an easier way since the current methods to produce Hydrogen (H ₂ ) are more complicated being this procedure an alternative to produce Hydrogen (H ₂ ).

c) does not require any purification process hydrogen (H ₂₎ as hydrogen (H ₂₎ is obtained pure.

d) Storage in special containers is avoided since it is not required to be stored but used as it is produced.

e) Pressurize the Hydrogen gas (H ₂ ) for transfer, because it avoids using additional energy to compress it and transfer it to special tanks.

f) Avoid consuming a large amount of energy in the production of Hydrogen (H ₂ ), because in the proposed process the reaction is carried out at low temperatures and normal pressure.

g) This procedure does not generate any particular contaminant of Carbon Dioxide (C0 ₂ ), such as the industrial one that does generate Carbon Dioxide (C0 ₂ ).

h) Transportation to distant sites, it is avoided to transport it in special vehicles from the place where it is produced to the place where it is used and risks of accidents are avoided. i) Consumption of hydrocarbons in its production, avoid consuming hydrocarbons such as natural gas and it is better to use it for other uses.

j) Absorption of gases and humidity at normal pressure and temperature as well as under certain pressure and temperature conditions to absorb Hydrogen (H ₂ ).

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to implement said invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having described my invention sufficiently, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, the content of the following clauses:

1. A process to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

a) Weigh the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) with sizes from 100 nanometers to 10 centimeters, the percentages of Magnesium-Aluminum (Mg-Al) range from 10% to 90% for Magnesium (Mg) and from 10% up to 90% for Aluminum (Al);

b) Place the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (MgAl) inside an oven that can be a thermogravimetric system or furnace of any type and size;

c) Program and heat the oven from room temperature to 700 ° C at a rate of 0.2 to 60 ° C per minute, the maximum reaction temperature of 450 ° C is maintained for 0.5 hours up to 5 hours or until the reaction ends in a time between 1 hour and 3 hours and the Oxygen (0 ₂ ) is injected through the carrier gases selected from Nitrogen (N ₂ ), Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Argon (Ar), Helium (He), which contains a percentage of Oxygen (0 ₂ ) of 3 to 5 parts per million (ppm) and atmospheric air, at a flow rate that goes from 0.5 to 60 milliliters per minute, in the case of no flow of carrier gases it is maintained in an atmosphere of air;

d) Once the reaction is finished, it is allowed to cool to room temperature and the product formed of mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) is taken out, which is obtained in the form of a dark gray powder, very bulky, very light and low density;

e) Place the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) in powder form obtained in the previous step in a container provided with three valves, to make a vacuum, so that the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) comes out and the third one to add the water , which can be pure Water (H ₂ 0) and / or water solution with Carbon Dioxide (C0 ₂ ) and / or a solution of water, carbonates and urea as catalyst; f) Then the reaction occurs and the Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) are obtained in a single stage and the same products are obtained if used the dissolution of Water (H ₂ 0) with carbonates and urea;

g) Once the Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is produced, the valve that is placed on the lid is opened and circulates outwards for its control, use or for storage;

h) From the solution of the final reaction, separate the uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) formed by filtration, and / or decantation and / or centrifugation obtained as a white solid, then wash, rinse and dry;

2. A process to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that the mixed oxide is obtained by reacting the solid alloy as magnesium aluminum (Al Mg) and oxygen gas as the (0 _2).

3. A process to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrootalcite (HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that the particles of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy (Mg Al) have sizes from 100 nanometers to 50 millimeters.

4. A process to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Hydrotalcite (HT) not calcined and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that the volume of the mixed Magnesium oxide aluminum is 5 to 50 times the volume particles having magnesium- aluminum alloy (Mg Al).

5. A process to obtain Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ) in a single stage in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that in the production of Hydrogen (H ₂ ) no purification process is required since pure Hydrogen (H ₂ ) is obtained.

6. A process for obtaining Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Uncalcined Hydrotalcite (HT) and Aluminum Hydroxide in a single stage in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that the hydrogen production reaction (H ₂ ) is carried out from room temperature up to 100 ° C.

7. A process for absorbing gases from a mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

a) Weigh the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgO Al) in powder form;

b) Place the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) inside the thermogravimetric system, close, program and heat from room temperature up to 450 ° C to eliminate the gases that were inside its structure;

c) Pass the carrier gas in this case of nitrogen (N ₂ ) into the thermogravimetric system with a flow of 30 milliliters per minute;

Upon reaching the maximum programmed temperature, lower the temperature to 50 ° C and then change the carrier gas for the different gases to absorb them with a flow from 5 milliliters per minute, and then continue cooling the system to room temperature, then repeat the desorption process without opening the system;

d) For the absorption of Hydrogen (H ₂ ), place the mixed Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (MgOAl) in a glass vial, which goes inside a Micro-reactor, the micro-reactor is closed, programmed and programmed. heats from room temperature to 350 ° C, mechanically emptied for 1 hour, after maintaining the maximum programmed temperature, the micro-reactor is cooled in a range of 60 ° C and is continued up to 0 ° C, throughout the process the vacuum is maintained in the microreactor, then the vacuum valve is closed and apply 10 to 40 atmospheres of hydrogen (H ₂₎ for a time of 2 minutes to 60 minutes;

e) On the other hand, also place the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) inside an open container and leave it in the environment so that it absorbs the different gases that are in the atmosphere including moisture as water vapor (H ₂ 0 );

f) Finally perform the analysis of the mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide (MgOAl) according to the previous steps, and analyze the gases absorbed with the thermogravimetric system and gas chromatography;

8. A process in accordance with clause 7 characterized in that the pressure: of the Hydrogen gas inside the micro-reactor must comprise a value from 1 to 100 atmospheres in a time of 1 minute to 120 minutes;

9. A process in accordance with clause 7 characterized in that the gases that are absorbed are selected from Carbon Dioxide (C0 ₂ ), Nitrogen (N ₂ ), Hydrogen (H ₂ ), Argon (Ar), Helium (He), air, water vapor moisture (H ₂ 0), hydrocarbon vapors such as Methane (CH ₄ ), Ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ), Propane C ₃ ¾), Butane (C ₄ Hi ₀ ), Pentane (C ₅ Hi ₂ ) Hexane (C _or H _M), organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, toluene. Phenols, Chlorinated Phenols.