WO2013068143A1 - Method for ascertaining the no2 content generated in a catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment device - Google Patents

Method for ascertaining the no2 content generated in a catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013068143A1
WO2013068143A1 PCT/EP2012/066799 EP2012066799W WO2013068143A1 WO 2013068143 A1 WO2013068143 A1 WO 2013068143A1 EP 2012066799 W EP2012066799 W EP 2012066799W WO 2013068143 A1 WO2013068143 A1 WO 2013068143A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust aftertreatment
aftertreatment device
catalytic exhaust
catalytic
temperature
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PCT/EP2012/066799
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christopher Severin
Karsten WIX
Marco GATZWEILER
Markus NETTERSCHEID
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Fev Gmbh
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Publication of WO2013068143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013068143A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F02D41/1465—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus with determination means using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/022—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting CO or CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/023—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting HC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1411—Exhaust gas flow rate, e.g. mass flow rate or volumetric flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1626—Catalyst activation temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the NO 2 concentration behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine.
  • OBD on-board diagnosis
  • oxidation catalysts have a certain light-off temperature as the catalyst light-off temperature at which a certain predetermined proportion of the pollutants present in the exhaust gas are converted by the oxidation catalyst.
  • the predetermined proportion is 50%.
  • the degree of aging of an oxidation catalyst can also be determined by other means. telt be determined or approximated.
  • DE 10 2008 004 222 A1 discloses a method for determining an aging factor of an oxidation catalytic converter, in which a temperature model is used.
  • the temperature model is based on the knowledge that the aging rate of an oxidation catalytic converter increases with increasing temperature. Accordingly, the rate of aging is determined and summed up by integration, from which a degree of aging of the oxidation catalyst is determined.
  • the N0 2 generation in an oxidation catalytic converter is to be monitored.
  • the N0 2 concentration behind an oxidation catalyst is already determined by using the temperature model as described above in order to be able to estimate the conversion rate of NO to NO 2 on the basis of the degree of oxidation of the oxidation catalyst.
  • the determination of the degree of aging of the oxidation catalyst based on the complex temperature model is required.
  • Object of the present invention is to determine the present behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device NO 2 concentration in the exhaust gas in a simple manner.
  • the object is considered by a method for determining the NO 2 concentration behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine by means of a NO 2 formation model, which operating characteristics of the exhaust aftertreatment system and an aging characteristic of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device, wherein for determining the aging characteristic, the HC / CO -Um GmbHs the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is determined and it is concluded that the NO 2 - conversion behavior, solved.
  • the method thus accesses the HC / CO conversion behavior of the catalytic Exhaust after-treatment device back, which can already be determined by existing on-board diagnostic systems, such as by determining the light-off temperature of the exhaust aftertreatment device. There is no separate calculation model for determining the degree of aging of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device required.
  • HC conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device e.g. a Nacheinspritzung the internal combustion engine are made, whereupon the temperature response behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is determined.
  • the post-injection can be carried out when the temperature of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device corresponds approximately to the light-off temperature in the new state of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device.
  • the HC / CO conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is correlated to NO 2 conversion behavior to determine the aging characteristic.
  • the NO 2 conversion behavior is preferably stored in at least one catalyst map.
  • different catalyst maps may be provided.
  • the temperature, the mass flow, the space velocity and / or the HC / CO emission before the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device are determined as operating parameters of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
  • the method can be used in particular in the determination of the NO 2 concentration behind a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • the determination of the NO 2 proportion produced in a total amount of nitrogen oxides, in particular the ratio of NO 2 to ⁇ downstream of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device may also be of importance if, according to the catalytic see exhaust aftertreatment device, for example, a DOC or a DOC with downstream diesel particulate filter, a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR catalyst) is used.
  • SCR catalyst selective catalytic reduction
  • the conversion efficiency of an SCR catalyst is dependent to a considerable extent on the NO 2 / NO x ratio before the SCR catalyst. This should be 50% if possible. Therefore, the determination of the NO 2 / NO x ratio behind the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is of particular importance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the structure of an exhaust system of a
  • Figure 2 shows the schematic course of the HC concentration within a DOC over the length
  • Figure 3 shows the schematic course of the NO 2 concentration within the DOC over the length
  • FIG. 4 shows measurement results for two different oxidation catalysts with regard to the maximum NO 2 / NO x ratio as a function of the light-off temperature.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an internal combustion engine 1 with an air inlet 2, in which air is supplied in the direction of the arrow 3 of the internal combustion engine 1. Further, we supplied the internal combustion engine 1 fuel (shown schematically by arrow 4).
  • the exhaust gas to another exhaust aftertreatment device such as a diesel particulate filter or an SCR catalyst, is supplied via a further exhaust pipe 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the course of the concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) within the oxidation catalyst over its length.
  • the course of the HC concentration is shown once for a new oxidation catalyst (solid line) and once for an aged oxidation catalyst (dashed line).
  • a novel oxidation catalyst in the initial region thereof, that is to say in a region shortly after the inlet to the oxidation catalyst, a high conversion of hydrocarbons takes place, so that the concentration of hydrocarbons decreases sharply over a short range.
  • the curve does not decrease so much.
  • due to the decreasing effectiveness of the catalytic coating of the Oxidati- onskatalysators the oxidation of hydrocarbons over a longer range is stretched.
  • Figure 3 shows the NO 2 concentration within an oxidation catalyst over its length once for a new oxidation catalyst (solid line) and once for an aged oxidation catalyst (dashed line).
  • the NO 2 concentration in the initial region of the oxidation catalyst decreases significantly, since the NO 2 content in the exhaust gas serves as an oxidizing agent for the oxidation of hydrocarbons.
  • the oxidation catalyst NO starts to oxidize NO 2 , so that NO 2 is generated and the NO 2 concentration in the DOC to the end thereof increases. This is particularly the case when it is a lean-burn engine, such as a diesel engine, in which an excess of oxygen in the exhaust gas is present.
  • the hydrocarbons are reacted over a greater length of the oxidation catalyst, so that the NO 2 content in the exhaust gas over a greater length of the oxidation catalyst serves as the oxidant.
  • the production of NO 2 therefore takes place farther downstream within the oxidation catalyst, so that at the outlet of the oxidation catalyst in the aged state a lower NO 2 concentration prevails than with a new oxidation catalyst.
  • the aging state of the oxidation catalyst can be significantly indicated by the light-off temperature, which is a degree for the conversion of hydrocarbons, or which indicates at which temperature at least 50% of the hydrocarbons are reacted.
  • the light-off temperature which is a degree for the conversion of hydrocarbons, or which indicates at which temperature at least 50% of the hydrocarbons are reacted.
  • FIG. 4 shows measured values for the N0 2 / NOx ratio above the T50 light-off temperature.
  • T50 light-off temperature is the temperature at which 50% of the hydrocarbons (HC) in the oxidation catalyst are converted. It can be seen that with increasing light-off temperature, the NO 2 / NO x ratio decreases, that is, less NO 2 is generated in the oxidation catalyst.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for ascertaining the NO2 concentration downstream of a catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment device (6) in an exhaust gas after-treatment system of an internal combustion engine (1) by means of an NO2 formation model which takes into consideration operating parameters of the exhaust gas after-treatment system and an aging parameter of the catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment device (6). The HC/CO conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment device (6) is ascertained in order to determine the aging parameter, and the NO2 conversion behavior is deduced therefrom.

Description

Verfahren zur Ermittlung des in einer katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung erzeugten NO2-Anteils Method for determining the NO 2 fraction generated in a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der NO2-Konzentration hinter einer katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung in einem Abgasnachbehandlungs- Systems einer Brennkraftmaschine. The invention relates to a method for determining the NO 2 concentration behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine.
Vor dem Hintergrund gesetzlicher Vorschriften zur Reduzierung von Schadstoffimmissionen von Kraftfahrzeugen ist es im Rahmen einer On-Board-Diagnose (OBD) erforderlich, die Güte einer der Brennkraftmaschine nachgeschalteten Abgasnach- behandlungseinrichtungen zu überwachen. Hierbei werden in der Regel die Hauptfunktionen der einzelnen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen überwacht und Fehler diagnostiziert. In the context of legal regulations for the reduction of pollutant emissions of motor vehicles, it is necessary in the context of an on-board diagnosis (OBD) to monitor the quality of an exhaust aftertreatment device downstream of the internal combustion engine. As a rule, the main functions of the individual exhaust aftertreatment devices are monitored and errors are diagnosed.
So wird beispielsweise die Alterung eines Oxidationskatalysators überwacht, um si- cherzugehen, dass der Oxidationskatalysator seine Hauptfunktion, nämlich die Konvertierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Kohlenmonoxiden, ausreichend erfüllt. Oxi- dationskatalysatoren weisen in Abhängigkeit vom Alterungsgrad eine bestimmte Light-Off-Temperatur als Katalysator-Anspringtemperatur auf, bei der ein bestimmter vorgegebener Anteil der im Abgas vorhandenen Schadstoffe vom Oxidationskataly- sator konvertiert werden. Üblicherweise beträgt der vorgegebene Anteil 50%. Bestehende On-Board-Diagnose-Systeme sind heutzutage in der Lage, die Light-Off- Temperatur im Fahrbetrieb zu ermitteln. Es wird beispielhaft auf die Druckschrift DE 10 2004 004 244 A1 verwiesen, die ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Light-Off- Temperatur beschriebt. For example, the aging of an oxidation catalyst is monitored to ensure that the oxidation catalyst sufficiently fulfills its main function, namely the conversion of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Depending on the degree of aging, oxidation catalysts have a certain light-off temperature as the catalyst light-off temperature at which a certain predetermined proportion of the pollutants present in the exhaust gas are converted by the oxidation catalyst. Usually, the predetermined proportion is 50%. Existing on-board diagnostic systems are now able to determine the light-off temperature while driving. Reference is made by way of example to the document DE 10 2004 004 244 A1, which describes a method for determining the light-off temperature.
Der Alterungsgrad eines Oxidationskatalysators kann auch auf anderem Wege ermit- telt beziehungsweise angenähert ermittelt werden. So offenbart DE 10 2008 004 222 A1 ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Alterungsfaktors eines Oxidationskatalysa- tors, bei dem ein Temperaturmodell herangezogen wird. Dem Temperaturmodell liegt die Kenntnis zu Grunde, dass die Alterungsgeschwindigkeit eines Oxidationskataly- sators mit steigender Temperatur zunimmt. Demnach wird die Alterungsgeschwindigkeit bestimmt und durch Integration aufsummiert, woraus ein Alterungsgrad des Oxidationskatalysators bestimmt wird. The degree of aging of an oxidation catalyst can also be determined by other means. telt be determined or approximated. Thus, DE 10 2008 004 222 A1 discloses a method for determining an aging factor of an oxidation catalytic converter, in which a temperature model is used. The temperature model is based on the knowledge that the aging rate of an oxidation catalytic converter increases with increasing temperature. Accordingly, the rate of aging is determined and summed up by integration, from which a degree of aging of the oxidation catalyst is determined.
Zukünftig soll es neben der Überwachung und Diagnose der Hauptfunktionen von Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen auch eine Überwachung der Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen hinsichtlich der Produktion und Generierung von weiteren Schadstoffbestandteilen geben. So soll unter anderem die N02-Generierung in einem Oxidationskatalysator überwacht werden. In der DE 10 2008 004 222 A1 wird die N02-Konzentration hinter einem Oxidationskatalysator bereits dadurch bestimmt, dass das Temperaturmodell wie vorangehend beschrieben herangezogen wird, um anhand des Alterungsgrades des Oxidationskatalysators auf die Konvertierungsrate von NO zu NO2 abschätzen zu können. Hierfür ist jedoch die Bestimmung des Alterungsgrades des Oxidationskatalysators anhand des aufwendigen Temperaturmodells erforderlich. In the future, in addition to the monitoring and diagnosis of the main functions of exhaust aftertreatment devices, there should also be a monitoring of the exhaust aftertreatment devices with regard to the production and generation of further pollutant constituents. For example, the N0 2 generation in an oxidation catalytic converter is to be monitored. In DE 10 2008 004 222 A1, the N0 2 concentration behind an oxidation catalyst is already determined by using the temperature model as described above in order to be able to estimate the conversion rate of NO to NO 2 on the basis of the degree of oxidation of the oxidation catalyst. For this purpose, however, the determination of the degree of aging of the oxidation catalyst based on the complex temperature model is required.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die hinter einer katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung vorhandene NO2-Konzentration im Abgas auf einfacher Weise zu ermitteln. Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der NO2-Konzentration hinter einer katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels eines NO2-Bildungsmodells, welches Betriebskenngrößen des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems und eine Alterungskenngröße der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung berücksichtigt, wobei zur Bestimmung der Alterungskenngröße das HC/CO-Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung ermittelt wird und hieraus auf das NO2- Umsetzungsverhalten geschlossen wird, gelöst. Object of the present invention is to determine the present behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device NO 2 concentration in the exhaust gas in a simple manner. The object is considered by a method for determining the NO 2 concentration behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine by means of a NO 2 formation model, which operating characteristics of the exhaust aftertreatment system and an aging characteristic of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device, wherein for determining the aging characteristic, the HC / CO -Umsetzungsverhalten the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is determined and it is concluded that the NO 2 - conversion behavior, solved.
Das Verfahren greift somit auf das HC/CO-Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung zurück, welches bereits durch bestehende On- Board-Diagnose-Systeme festgestellt werden kann, wie beispielsweise durch Feststellung der Light-Off-Temperatur der Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung. Es ist kein separates Berechnungsmodell für die Bestimmung des Alterungsgrades der katalyti- sehen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung erforderlich. The method thus accesses the HC / CO conversion behavior of the catalytic Exhaust after-treatment device back, which can already be determined by existing on-board diagnostic systems, such as by determining the light-off temperature of the exhaust aftertreatment device. There is no separate calculation model for determining the degree of aging of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device required.
Zur Ermittlung des HC-Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung kann z.B. eine Nacheinspritzung der Brennkraftmaschine vorgenommen werden, woraufhin das Temperaturanwortverhalten der katalytischen Ab- gasnachbehandlungseinrichtung bestimmt wird. To determine the HC conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device, e.g. a Nacheinspritzung the internal combustion engine are made, whereupon the temperature response behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is determined.
Hierbei kann die Nacheinspritzung vorgenommen werden, wenn die Temperatur der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung in etwa der Light-Off-Temperatur im Neuzustand der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung entspricht. Here, the post-injection can be carried out when the temperature of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device corresponds approximately to the light-off temperature in the new state of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device.
Das HC/CO-Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung wird zum NO2-Umsetzungsverhalten korreliert wird, um die Alterungskenngröße zu bestimmen. Hierbei ist das NO2-Umsetzungsverhalten vorzugsweise in zumindest einem Katalysatorkennfeld hinterlegt. Für neuwertige und gealterte katalytische Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen können unterschiedliche Katalysatorkennfelder vorgesehen sein. Als Betriebskenngrößen des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems werden insbesondere die Temperatur, der Massestrom, die Raumgeschwindigkeit und/oder die HC/CO- Emission vor der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung bestimmt. The HC / CO conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is correlated to NO 2 conversion behavior to determine the aging characteristic. Here, the NO 2 conversion behavior is preferably stored in at least one catalyst map. For new and aged catalytic exhaust aftertreatment devices different catalyst maps may be provided. In particular, the temperature, the mass flow, the space velocity and / or the HC / CO emission before the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device are determined as operating parameters of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
Das Verfahren lässt sich insbesondere bei der Ermittlung der NO2-Konzentration hin- ter einem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator (DOC) einsetzen. The method can be used in particular in the determination of the NO 2 concentration behind a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).
Die Bestimmung des erzeugten NO2-Anteils an einer Gesamtmenge an Stickoxiden, insbesondere das Verhältnis von NO2 zu ΝΟχ hinter der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung kann auch dann von Bedeutung sein, wenn nach der katalyti- sehen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung, zum Beispiel einem DOC oder einem DOC mit nachgeschaltetem Dieselpartikelfilter, ein Katalysator zur selektiven kataly- tischen Reduktion (SCR-Katalysator) eingesetzt wird. Die Umsetzungseffektivität eines SCR-Katalysators ist im erheblichen Maße von NO2/NOx-Verhältnis vor dem SCR-Katalysator abhängig. Dies sollte möglichst 50 % betragen. Daher ist die Bestimmung des N02/NOx-Verhältnisses hinter der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung von besonderer Bedeutung. The determination of the NO 2 proportion produced in a total amount of nitrogen oxides, in particular the ratio of NO 2 to ΝΟχ downstream of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device, may also be of importance if, according to the catalytic see exhaust aftertreatment device, for example, a DOC or a DOC with downstream diesel particulate filter, a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR catalyst) is used. The conversion efficiency of an SCR catalyst is dependent to a considerable extent on the NO 2 / NO x ratio before the SCR catalyst. This should be 50% if possible. Therefore, the determination of the NO 2 / NO x ratio behind the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device is of particular importance.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Hierin zeigen: An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the figures. Herein show:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus eines Abgasstrangs eines Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the structure of an exhaust system of a
Kraftfahrzeuges, Figur 2 den schematischen Verlauf der HC-Konzentration innerhalb eines DOC über die Länge,  Motor vehicle, Figure 2 shows the schematic course of the HC concentration within a DOC over the length,
Figur 3 den schematischen Verlauf der NO2- Konzentration innerhalb des DOC über die Länge und Figure 3 shows the schematic course of the NO 2 concentration within the DOC over the length and
Figur 4 Messergebnisse für zwei verschiedene Oxidationskatalysatoren hinsichtlich des maximalen NO2/NOx-Verhältnisses in Abhängigkeit der Light-Off- Temperatur. Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit einem Lufteinlass 2, in dem Luft in Richtung des Pfeils 3 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zugeführt wird. Ferner wir der Brennkraftmaschine 1 Kraftstoff zugeführt (schematisch dargestellt durch Pfeil 4). Über eine Abgasleitung 5 wird das Abgas aus der Brennkraftmaschine 1 einer katalytischen beziehungsweise oxidierenden Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung 6, hier beispielsweise ein DOC, zugeführt. Nach Durchströmen des DOC 6 wird über eine weitere Abgasleitung 7 das Abgas zur weiteren Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung, wie zum Beispiel einem Dieselpartikelfilter oder ein SCR-Katalysator, zugeführt. FIG. 4 shows measurement results for two different oxidation catalysts with regard to the maximum NO 2 / NO x ratio as a function of the light-off temperature. FIG. 1 schematically shows an internal combustion engine 1 with an air inlet 2, in which air is supplied in the direction of the arrow 3 of the internal combustion engine 1. Further, we supplied the internal combustion engine 1 fuel (shown schematically by arrow 4). Via an exhaust pipe 5, the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 1 of a catalytic or oxidizing exhaust aftertreatment device 6, here for example a DOC supplied. After flowing through the DOC 6, the exhaust gas to another exhaust aftertreatment device, such as a diesel particulate filter or an SCR catalyst, is supplied via a further exhaust pipe 7.
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch den Verlauf der Konzentration an Kohlenwasserstoffen (HC) innerhalb des Oxidationskatalysators über dessen Länge. Der Verlauf der HC- Konzentration ist einmal für einen neuwertigen Oxidationskatalysator (durchgezogene Linie) und einmal für einen gealterten Oxidationskatalysator (gestrichelte Linie) dargestellt. Bei einem neuwertigen Oxidationskatalysator findet im Anfangsbereich desselben, das heißt in einem Bereich kurz hinter dem Einlass zum Oxidationskatalysator, eine hohe Konvertierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen statt, so dass die Konzentration an Kohlenwasserstoffen über einen kurzen Bereich stark abnimmt. Bei einem gealterten Oxidationskatalysator nimmt die Kurve nicht so stark ab. Hier wird aufgrund der abnehmenden Effektivität der katalytischen Beschichtung des Oxidati- onskatalysators die Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen über einen längeren Bereich gestreckt. Figure 2 shows schematically the course of the concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) within the oxidation catalyst over its length. The course of the HC concentration is shown once for a new oxidation catalyst (solid line) and once for an aged oxidation catalyst (dashed line). In the case of a novel oxidation catalyst, in the initial region thereof, that is to say in a region shortly after the inlet to the oxidation catalyst, a high conversion of hydrocarbons takes place, so that the concentration of hydrocarbons decreases sharply over a short range. For an aged oxidation catalyst, the curve does not decrease so much. Here, due to the decreasing effectiveness of the catalytic coating of the Oxidati- onskatalysators the oxidation of hydrocarbons over a longer range is stretched.
Figur 3 zeigt die NO2-Konzentration innerhalb eines Oxidationskatalysators über dessen Länge einmal für einen neuwertigen Oxidationskatalysator (durchgezogenen Linie) und einmal für einen gealterten Oxidationskatalysator (gestrichelte Linie). Hier ist zu erkennen, dass die NO2-Konzentration im Anfangsbereich des Oxidationskatalysators deutlich abnimmt, da der NO2-Anteil im Abgas als Oxidationsmittel zur Oxi- dierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen dient. Sobald, bezogen auf die Länge des Oxidationskatalysators, die Konzentration an Kohlenwasserstoffen abgenommen hat, be- ginnt der Oxidationskatalysator NO zu NO2 zu oxidieren, so dass NO2 generiert wird und die NO2-Konzentration im DOC zum Ende desselben zunimmt. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn es sich um einen mager betriebenen Motor, wie einem Dieselmotor, handelt, bei dem ein Sauerstoffüberschuss im Abgas vorhanden ist. Bei einem gealterten Oxidationskatalysator werden die Kohlenwasserstoffe über eine größere Länge des Oxidationskatalysators umgesetzt, so dass auch der NO2-Anteil im Abgas über eine größere Länge des Oxidationskatalysators als Oxidationsmittel dient. Die Produktion von NO2 findet daher erst weiter stromab innerhalb des Oxidationskatalysators statt, so dass am Auslass des Oxidationskatalysators im gealterten Zustand eine geringere NO2-Konzentration vorherrscht als bei einem neuwertigen Oxidationskatalysator. Der Alterungszustand des Oxidationskatalysators kann maßgeblich durch die Light-Off-Temperatur angegeben werden, welche ein Grad für die Konvertierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen ist, beziehungsweise welche angibt, bei welcher Temperatur mindestens 50 % der Kohlenwasserstoffe umgesetzt werden. Hier- aus lässt sich dann auch auf die N02-Produktion innerhalb des Oxidationskatalysa- tors schließen. Figure 3 shows the NO 2 concentration within an oxidation catalyst over its length once for a new oxidation catalyst (solid line) and once for an aged oxidation catalyst (dashed line). Here it can be seen that the NO 2 concentration in the initial region of the oxidation catalyst decreases significantly, since the NO 2 content in the exhaust gas serves as an oxidizing agent for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. As soon as the concentration of hydrocarbons has decreased relative to the length of the oxidation catalyst, the oxidation catalyst NO starts to oxidize NO 2 , so that NO 2 is generated and the NO 2 concentration in the DOC to the end thereof increases. This is particularly the case when it is a lean-burn engine, such as a diesel engine, in which an excess of oxygen in the exhaust gas is present. In an aged oxidation catalyst, the hydrocarbons are reacted over a greater length of the oxidation catalyst, so that the NO 2 content in the exhaust gas over a greater length of the oxidation catalyst serves as the oxidant. The production of NO 2 therefore takes place farther downstream within the oxidation catalyst, so that at the outlet of the oxidation catalyst in the aged state a lower NO 2 concentration prevails than with a new oxidation catalyst. The aging state of the oxidation catalyst can be significantly indicated by the light-off temperature, which is a degree for the conversion of hydrocarbons, or which indicates at which temperature at least 50% of the hydrocarbons are reacted. Here- then one can also conclude that N0 2 production is taking place within the oxidation catalyst.
Figur 4 zeigt Messwerte für das N02/NOx-Verhältnis über der T50 Light-Off- Temperatur. T50 Light-Off-Temperatur ist die Temperatur, bei der 50 % der Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) im Oxidationskatalysator umgesetzt werden. Man erkennt, dass mit zunehmender Light-Off-Temperatur das NO2/NOx-Verhältnis abnimmt, also weniger NO2 im Oxidationskatalysator generiert wird. FIG. 4 shows measured values for the N0 2 / NOx ratio above the T50 light-off temperature. T50 light-off temperature is the temperature at which 50% of the hydrocarbons (HC) in the oxidation catalyst are converted. It can be seen that with increasing light-off temperature, the NO 2 / NO x ratio decreases, that is, less NO 2 is generated in the oxidation catalyst.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Brennkraftmaschine 1 internal combustion engine
2 Lufteinlass  2 air intake
3 Lufteinlassrichtung  3 air inlet direction
4 Kraftstoffzufuhr  4 fuel supply
5 Abgasleitung  5 exhaust pipe
6 katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung 6 catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device
7 Abgasleitung 7 exhaust pipe

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Verfahren zur Ermittlung der N02-Konzentration hinter einer katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine (1 ) mittels eines N02-Bildungsmodells, welches Betriebskenngrößen des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems und eine Alterungskenngröße der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) berücksichtigt, wobei zur Bestimmung der Alterungskenngröße das HC/CO- Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) ermittelt wird und hieraus auf das N02-Umsetzungsverhalten geschlossen wird. 1 . A method for determining the N0 2 concentration behind a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine (1) by means of a N0 2 education model, which operating characteristics of the exhaust aftertreatment system and an aging characteristic of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) considered, wherein for determining the aging characteristic the HC / CO conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) is determined and from this the N0 2 conversion behavior is concluded.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Ermittlung des HC-Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) eine Nacheinspritzung der Brennkraftmaschine (1 ) vorgenommen wird und das Temperaturanwortverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) bestimmt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the determination of the HC conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) a post-injection of the internal combustion engine (1) is made and the temperature response behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) is determined.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nacheinspritzung vorgenommen wird, wenn die Temperatur der kata- lytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) in etwa der Light-Off- Temperatur im Neuzustand der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) entspricht. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the post-injection is carried out when the temperature of the kata- lytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) corresponds approximately to the light-off temperature in the new state of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Ermittlung des HC-Umsetzungsverhaltens der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) die Light-Off-Temperatur bestimmt wird. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for determining the HC conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6), the light-off temperature is determined.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das HC/CO-Umsetzungsverhalten der katalytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) zum NO2-Umsetzungsverhalten korreliert wird, um die Alterungskenngröße zu bestimmen. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the HC / CO conversion behavior of the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) is correlated to NO 2 Umsetzungsverhalten to determine the aging characteristic.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das NO2-Umsetzungsverhalten in zumindest einem Katalysatorkennfeld hinterlegt ist. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the NO 2 Umsetzungsverhalten is deposited in at least one catalyst map.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für neuwertige und gealterte katalytische Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen (6) unterschiedliche Katalysatorkennfelder vorgesehen sind. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Betriebskenngrößen des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems Temperatur, Massestrom, Raumgeschwindigkeit und/oder HC/CO-Emission vor der ka- talytischen Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) bestimmt werden. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that for catalyzed and aged catalytic exhaust aftertreatment devices (6) different catalyst maps are provided. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that are determined as operating characteristics of the exhaust aftertreatment system temperature, mass flow, space velocity and / or HC / CO emission before the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6).
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die katalytische Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung (6) ein Diesel- Oxidationskatalysator (DOC) ist. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device (6) is a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).
PCT/EP2012/066799 2011-11-09 2012-08-29 Method for ascertaining the no2 content generated in a catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment device WO2013068143A1 (en)

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