WO2013063853A1 - 双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理方法及其设备 - Google Patents

双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理方法及其设备 Download PDF

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WO2013063853A1
WO2013063853A1 PCT/CN2011/085173 CN2011085173W WO2013063853A1 WO 2013063853 A1 WO2013063853 A1 WO 2013063853A1 CN 2011085173 W CN2011085173 W CN 2011085173W WO 2013063853 A1 WO2013063853 A1 WO 2013063853A1
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biofilm
sewage
water
carrier
layer
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王荣昌
张亚雷
赵建夫
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/101—Arranged-type packing, e.g. stacks, arrays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
    • C02F3/107—Inorganic materials, e.g. sand, silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/109—Characterized by the shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/44—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency low-power two-way oxygen supply horizontal flow biofilm sewage treatment method and equipment thereof. Background technique
  • the characteristics of urban, village and town domestic sewage treatment projects are that the amount of water is small and the quantity is large. Farmland runoff and domestic wash water, due to the high content of organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus, not only put a lot of pressure on the environment, but also excessive nitrogen in drinking water directly threatens human health.
  • the traditional treatment process plays an important role in large-scale sewage treatment plants, but for small-scale rural and urban sewage treatment, the traditional process investment is high, the floor space is large, and the operation management is difficult. Therefore, in the process of sewage treatment in villages and towns, it is necessary to introduce a quick and convenient treatment plan.
  • Biofilm technology is currently a popular method for treating sewage.
  • sewage flows through a biofilm carrier microorganisms attach, grow and multiply on the surface of the carrier, and form a biofilm.
  • the surface of the biofilm is dissolved due to contact with air. More dissolved oxygen forms an aerobic membrane, and the inner layer of the membrane dissolves less oxygen, which tends to form an anaerobic layer, and the entire membrane is in a state of increasing, falling off and renewing.
  • Microbial growth and metabolism absorbs organic matter in sewage as nutrients, thereby degrading pollutants.
  • Multi-stage biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment have some research.
  • the Chinese Patent No. 200410013159.3 the patent application entitled “Carrier Process for Biological Treatment of Wastewater Treatment", Patent No. 200720022616.4, and the utility model name is "Multilayer Dynamic Membrane Wastewater Purification Device", and Patent application No. 200820100500.2
  • the utility model name "Biofilm reaction equipment for sewage treatment” has successively disclosed multi-stage biofilm reactors of different structures.
  • the former two are single-point influent, the problem of insufficient carbon source, unsatisfactory denitrification effect, and large amount of chemical dephosphorization sludge in the presence of denitrification; while the latter is a horizontal structure, which takes up a large space and limits The number of biofilm layers, poor mobility, is not suitable for rural households.
  • the above reactors are all immersed biofilm reactors, which require exposure. Gas can produce aerobic conditions, and the energy consumption is higher. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides an environmentally-friendly and economical sewage treatment method and equipment thereof, that is, using a two-way oxygen supply multi-layer horizontal flow biofilm to remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, thereby solving the existing Village sewage treatment problems.
  • a bidirectional oxygen supply horizontal flow biofilm sewage treatment method comprising the steps of:
  • the sewage enters the water inlet tank, wherein the large-sized impurities and fibers in the sewage are initially filtered by mechanical action;
  • the initially filtered sewage enters the biofilm reactor, and the sewage is treated by the biofilm reactor;
  • the method includes:
  • the sewage flows through the entire biofilm reactor. After the biofilm is fully adapted and domesticated, the sewage is successively advected through the multi-layer separator in the biofilm reactor according to a predetermined flow rate, and various sewage indexes are simultaneously detected. Adjusting the influent flow rate according to the result of the sewage index.
  • the microorganism on the biofilm removes organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage; wherein the surface layer and the air of the biofilm The contact is high, the oxygen is sufficient, the microorganism is well-received, and in the bottom layer of the biofilm adjacent to the carrier, since the carrier is formed of a gas permeable material, a mode of simultaneously supplying oxygen from the surface layer and the bottom layer of the biofilm is obtained, and the biofilm is obtained.
  • the middle layer of the biofilm forms an oxygen-deficient layer or an anaerobic layer, which is beneficial to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage, and the aged biofilm is degraded due to adhesion. Peeling off the carrier, the shed biofilm is collected along with the effluent as the water flows, so that the biofilm reaches a continuous, no Off running.
  • the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the biofilm reactor is 6 to 9 hours.
  • the gas permeable material adopts a stainless steel mesh, a nylon mesh, a plastic orifice plate or a gas permeable membrane to realize bidirectional oxygen supply to the bottom layer and the surface layer of the biofilm, and can improve the aerobic degradation activity and ammonia nitrogen nitration activity of the microorganisms in the biofilm. , greatly improve the efficiency of pollutant degradation and reduce the reactor volume.
  • the carrier is provided with a grooved or bumped carrier, that is, a groove or a bump is provided on the carrier to increase the contact area of the sewage and the biofilm on the carrier.
  • a Hanxiang oxygen supply horizontal flow biofilm sewage treatment apparatus comprising an inlet system, a reaction system and a water discharge system through which sewage enters the reaction system to be The sewage is treated in the reaction system, and then enters the water outlet system, wherein:
  • the water inlet system includes a water inlet pump and a water inlet tank, wherein the water inlet pump is used to lift sewage into the water inlet tank, and the water inlet pump is intermittently operated according to the amount of water in the water inlet tank for controlling Entering the water volume and water flow rate of the reaction system, and according to the influent carbon source content, performing multiple points of water in different layers to facilitate denitrification and denitrification, and the inlet tank is provided with a grid for carrying out Preliminary filtration to remove large impurities;
  • the reaction system comprises a biofilm reactor, the biofilm reactor is a three-dimensional type, and a plurality of separators are arranged therein, and each layer of the separator supports a plurality of carriers, and the carrier forms a biofilm for Removal of organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage;
  • the water outlet system includes a water collection tank and an output water pump, and the treated effluent water enters the water collection tank and is discharged through the water discharge pump.
  • the carrier is a grooved or bumped carrier.
  • the carrier is formed from a gas permeable material.
  • the gas permeable material is a stainless steel mesh, a nylon mesh, a plastic orifice or a gas permeable membrane.
  • a flow meter disposed between the water inlet system and the reaction system is further included.
  • the separator is a polyethylene sheet or a hard sheet.
  • the invention adopts an integrated biofilm reactor, and the aerobic and anaerobic processes are all carried out in the same reactor, which greatly saves the space occupied, and the aerobic and anaerobic processes can remove organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in water, etc. Contaminants, but also have a strong effect on the particulate matter;
  • the aerobic and anaerobic processes are carried out under natural conditions, without manual aeration, eliminating the aeration device; 3.
  • the biofilm reactor of the present invention consumes energy only by using pump operation in influent and effluent, and is automatically carried out in other stages, and the whole process consumes less energy, and the device adopts a three-dimensional structure and is convenient to move.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bidirectional oxygen supply horizontal flow biofilm sewage treatment apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG 2 is a schematic view showing the flow of sewage in the biofilm reactor of the sewage treatment plant of Figure 1. Description of the reference numerals
  • the sewage treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a water inlet system, a reaction system and a water discharge system, and the sewage enters the reaction system through the water inlet system to treat the sewage in the reaction system and then enters the water discharge system.
  • the inlet system, reaction system and effluent system can be connected by piping.
  • the water inlet system includes a feed water pump 2 and a water inlet tank 3 for lifting the sewage in the water collection tank 1 into the water inlet tank 3, and the feed water pump 2 is intermittently operated according to the amount of water in the water inlet tank 3, Control the amount of water entering the reaction system and the speed of the water flow.
  • a grille is provided in the inlet tank 3 for preliminary filtration to remove large impurities.
  • the water collecting bucket 1 is provided with a grille to initially filter large-sized impurities and fibers in the sewage.
  • the reaction system includes a biofilm reactor 5 which is a three-dimensional structure and has a steel frame located below the water inlet tank 3.
  • the biofilm reactor 5 is provided with a plurality of separators 7, for example, preferably polyethylene plates, and the number of the separators 7 can be adjusted according to the water quality and load of the sewage.
  • Each of the partitions 7 supports a plurality of carriers 6 including a biofilm formed by microorganisms for removing organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage.
  • the carrier 6 can be a flat head carrier having a cylindrical, conical or other shape.
  • the carrier 6 is a grooved or bumped carrier, that is, a groove or bump is provided on the carrier to increase the contact area of the sewage and the biofilm on the carrier.
  • the carrier 6 is formed of a gas permeable material, preferably a stainless steel mesh, a nylon mesh, a plastic orifice or a gas permeable membrane.
  • the carrier in the invention is a mesh-shaped gas permeable structure, which can realize oxygen supply on the surface of the biofilm and the bottom layer, improve the activity of the biofilm, especially the ammonia oxidation and nitrification, and improve the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen. .
  • the effluent system includes a water collecting tank 8 and a water discharge pump 9, and the water collecting tank 8 is located below the biofilm reactor 5, and the effluent water enters the water collecting tank 8 and is discharged through the water pump 9.
  • the sewage treatment apparatus may further include a flow meter 4 disposed between the inlet tank 3 and the biofilm reactor 5 for controlling the flow rate of the sewage.
  • the sewage flows into the water collection tank 1 , wherein the larger particulate impurities are trapped by the grid, or the sewage in the water collection tank 1 enters the water inlet tank 3 through the feed water pump 2, and the large particles in the sewage are initially filtered through the grille in the water inlet tank 3. Impurities and fibers of the diameter;
  • the flow rate of the inflow is determined by the flow meter 4, and the excess sewage is returned to the collecting bucket 1 by a reflux device (not shown);
  • the initially filtered sewage enters the biofilm reactor 5, and the sewage is treated by the biofilm reactor 5, wherein the activated sludge is inoculated on the carrier 6 provided on the multilayer separator 7 in the biofilm reactor 5 to accelerate The formation of a biofilm, wherein the activated sludge fraction from the nitrification sewage treatment equipment is inoculated to make the inoculation uniform;
  • the sewage flows through the entire biofilm reactor 5 at a slower speed. After the biofilm is fully adapted and domesticated, the sewage is successively flowed through the multi-layer separator 7 in the biofilm reactor 5 according to a predetermined flow rate, and simultaneously detected.
  • the sewage index for example, the chemical oxygen demand COD, etc., adjusts the flow rate of the water according to the result of the sewage index.
  • the microorganism on the biofilm goes In addition to organic matter in the sewage and nitrogen, phosphorus and so on.
  • the surface layer of the biofilm is in contact with air, the oxygen is sufficient, and the microorganisms are well-breathed, and in the bottom layer of the biofilm adjacent to the carrier 6, due to the use of a gas permeable membrane or a gas permeable biofilm carrier such as a mesh, oxygen will also
  • the biofilm is supplied from the bottom layer of the biofilm adjacent to the surface of the carrier, thereby forming a mode of simultaneously supplying oxygen from the surface layer and the bottom layer of the biofilm, and the aerobic activity of the biofilm is high.
  • the middle layer of the biofilm will form an oxygen-deficient or anaerobic layer, which is beneficial to the removal of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage.
  • the aged biofilm is detached from the carrier due to the decreased adhesion, and the shed organism
  • the membrane is collected along with the effluent as the water flows, resulting in continuous, uninterrupted operation of the biofilm.
  • the clean effluent water enters the water collection tank 8 and is discharged by the water discharge pump 9.
  • the final effluent meets the water quality requirements to ensure that the effluent meets the discharge standards.
  • the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the biofilm reactor 5 is 6 - 9 hours.
  • Figure 2 shows the operation of sewage in the biofilm reactor 5, the sewage enters the biofilm reactor 5 through the valve, the flow direction is horizontal flow, and the sewage flows through the carrier of the separator, and then hits the reactor.
  • the wall directs the water body to flow onto the carrier on the next layer of partition so that the sewage can flow through the carrier on each of the separators.
  • the sewage is contacted with the biofilm on the carrier 6, and the contaminants are absorbed by the carrier 6.
  • the invention has the advantages of multiple water inlet and small floor space, and does not need an aeration device, and can form different types of microorganisms such as aerobic zone and anaerobic zone, fully utilizing space conditions, sewage load and sewage The processing effect has been improved to varying degrees. Moreover, the invention has the advantages of simple process, small volume, quick movement, easy operation, quick processing and energy saving, and is suitable for treating sewage treatment equipment in a small sewage system in rural areas and towns, and the equipment is also capable of making Rapidly reacted temporary application of water treatment equipment.

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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract

一种双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理方法，包括步骤：a、污水进入进水箱；b、污水进入生物膜反应器，其中生物膜的表层与空气接触多，氧气比较充足，微生物进行好养呼吸，所述载体由透气材料形成，氧气也会从生物膜邻近载体表面的底层供给生物膜，从而形成从生物膜表层和底层同时供氧的模式，生物膜好氧活性较高。当生物膜达到一定厚度之后，生物膜中层会形成缺氧或者厌氧层，有利于污水中氮磷等污染物的去除，同时老化的生物膜由于附着性下降而从载体上脱落，脱落的生物膜随水流作用与出水一起被收集；c、出水流入集水箱内；一种双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理设备，包括进水系统、反应系统和出水系统，采用双向供氧多层水平流生物膜厌氧或缺氧、好氧处理工艺，解决目前农村、城镇小型污水处理问题。

Description

双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理方法及其设备 技术领域
本发明属于水处理技术领域， 特别是涉及高效低动力双向供氧水平流 生物膜污水处理方法及其设备。 背景技术
城镇、 村镇生活污水处理项目的特点是水量较小， 数量较多。 农田径 流和生活洗涤水由于有机物及氮、 磷的含量高， 不但对环境带来了很大的 压力， 而且饮用水中过多的氮直接威胁着人类的健康。 传统的处理工艺在 大型污水处理厂发挥着重要的作用， 但对于小规模的农村和城镇污水处理 来说， 传统的工艺投资高、 占地面积大、 运行管理难。 因此在村镇污水处 理过程中， 有必要引进一种快速便捷的处理方案。
生物膜技术是当前比较热门的一种处理污水的方法， 当污水流过生物 膜载体时， 微生物在其载体表面附着、 生长繁殖， 并形成生物膜， 生物膜 的表面由于与空气接触而溶有较多的溶解氧， 形成好氧膜， 膜的内层溶解 氧较少， 易形成厌氧层， 整个膜处于不断增长、 脱落和更新的状态。 微生 物生长代谢将污水中的有机物作为营养吸收， 从而使污染物得到降解。
传统的生物膜反应器大多为单级反应器， 虽然其结构紧凑、 简单， 但 单级反应器不利于各种功效不同的优势微生物菌群生长环境的构建， 处理 效能较低。 用于污水处理的多级生物膜反应器虽然也有一定的研究。 例如， 中国专利号为 200410013159.3、发明名称为"用于污水处理的载体循环生物 处理方法"的专利申请， 专利号为 200720022616.4、 实用新型名称为"多层 动态膜污水净化装置"的专利申请， 以及专利号为 200820100500.2、 实用新 型名称为"用于污水处理的生物膜反应设备"的专利申请先后公开了不同结 构的多级生物膜反应器。 但是， 前两者为单点进水， 存在反硝化时碳源不 足、 脱氮效果不理想、 以及化学除磷污泥量大的问题； 而后者为水平式结 构， 占用空间较大， 限制了生物膜层的数量， 移动性能差， 不适用于农村 家庭便携式要求。 此外， 以上反应器均为浸没式生物膜反应器， 均需要曝 气才能产生好氧条件， 运行能耗较高。 发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题， 本发明提供一种占地省、 经济简便的 污水处理方法及其设备， 即使用双向供氧多层水平流生物膜去除有机物和 氨氮等， 从而解决现有村镇污水处理问题。
根据本发明的第一个方面， 提供一种双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理 方法， 包括步驟：
a、 污水进入进水箱， 其中， 通过机械作用初步过滤污水中的大粒径的 杂质及纤维；
b、 初步过滤后的污水进入生物膜反应器， 通过所述生物膜反应器处理 污水；
c、 出水流入集水箱内；
其中， 在所述步骤 b中， 包括：
在所述生物膜反应器内的多层隔板上设置的载体上进行活性污泥的接 种， 以加速生物膜的形成， 其中， 对来自硝化污水处理设备的活性污泥分 段进行接种， 以使接种均匀；
污水流经整个所述生物膜反应器， 在所述生物膜完全适应、 驯化之后， 按照预定的流量使污水逐次平流经过生物膜反应器内的多层隔板， 并同时 检测各种污水指标， 根据污水指标结果调节进水流量， 污水流经所述隔板 上的所述载体时， 所述生物膜上的微生物去除污水中的有机物和氮、 磷； 其中， 所述生物膜的表层与空气接触多， 氧气充足， 微生物进行好养 呼吸， 而在所述生物膜的邻近所述载体的底层， 由于所述载体由透气材料 形成从生物膜表层和底层同时供氧的模式， 获得生物膜的高好氧活性， 当 所述生物膜达到一定厚度之后， 所述生物膜的中层会形成缺氧层或者厌氧 层， 有利于污水中氮磷的去除， 同时老化的生物膜由于附着性下降而从载 体上脱落， 脱落的生物膜随水流作用与出水一起被收集， 使得所述生物膜 达到连续、 不间断运转。
优选地， 污水在所述生物膜反应器中的水力停留时间为 6 ~ 9个小时。 优选地， 所述透气材料采用不锈钢网、 尼龙网、 塑料孔板或透气性膜， 实现生物膜底层和表层双向供氧， 可提高生物膜内微生物对污染物的好氧 降解活性和氨氮硝化活性， 大幅度提高污染物降解效率， 减少反应器体积。
优选地， 所述载体釆用沟槽式或者凸点式的载体， 也就是说， 在载体 上设置沟槽或凸点， 以增加污水和载体上的生物膜的接触面积。
根据本发明的第二个方面， 提供一种汉向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理 设备， 包括进水系统、 反应系统和出水系统， 污水通过所述进水系统进入 所述反应系统以在所述反应系统内对污水进行处理， 然后进入所述出水系 统， 其中：
所述进水系统包括进水泵和进水箱， 所述进水泵用于将污水抬升到所 述进水箱中， 所述进水泵根据所述进水箱中的水量采取间断运行， 用于控 制进入所述反应系统的水量与水流速度， 并根据进水碳源含量， 进行不同 层间的多点进水， 以利于反硝化脱氮， 所述进水箱中设有格栅， 用于进行 初步过滤， 以去除大型杂质；
所述反应系统包括生物膜反应器， 所述生物膜反应器为立体式， 其内 设有多层隔板， 每层隔板上支撑有多个载体， 所述载体上形成生物膜， 用 于去除污水中的有机物和氮、 磷； 以及
所述出水系统包括集水箱和出水泵， 处理后的出水进入所述集水箱， 并通过所述出水泵排出。
优选地， 所述载体采用沟槽式或者凸点式的载体。
优选地， 所述载体由透气材料形成。 例如， 所述透气材料采用不锈钢 网、 尼龙网、 塑料孔板或透气性膜。
优选地， 还包括设置在所述进水系统和所述反应系统之间的流量计。 优选地， 所述隔板为聚乙烯板或者硬质板材。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1. 本发明采用一体式的生物膜反应器， 好氧、 厌氧过程均在同一反应 器进行， 大大节省了占地空间， 同时好氧、 厌氧过程的进行能够去除水中 有机物和氮磷等污染物， 而且对颗粒物也有较强的去处效果；
2. 好氧、 厌氧过程均在自然条件下进行， 不用人工曝气， 省掉了曝气 装置； 3. 本发明的生物膜反应器只在进水、 出水使用泵操作耗能， 其它阶段 均是自动进行， 整个工艺耗能比较低， 而且本装置采用立体式结构， 方便 移动。 附图说明
图 1 为根据本发明的双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理设备的结构示意 图；
图 2为图 1中污水处理设备的生物膜反应器内的污水流动示意图。 附图标记说明
1集水桶
2进水泵
3进水箱
4流量计
5生物膜反应器
6载体
7隔板
8集水箱
9出水泵 具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细描述根据本发明的欢向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理 方法及其设备的优选实施方式。
如图 1 所示， 本发明的污水处理设备包括进水系统、 反应系统和出水 系统， 污水通过进水系统进入反应系统以在反应系统内对污水进行处理， 然后进入出水系统。 进水系统、 反应系统和出水系统可通过管路连接。
进水系统包括进水泵 2和进水箱 3，进水泵 2用于将集水桶 1中的污水 抬升到进水箱 3中， 进水泵 2根据进水箱 3中的水量釆取间断运行， 用于 控制进入反应系统的水量与水流速度。 进水箱 3 中设有格栅， 用于进行初 步过滤， 以去除大型杂质。 或者， 集水桶 1 内设有格栅， 初步过滤污水中 的大粒径的杂质及纤维。 反应系统包括生物膜反应器 5， 其为立体式结构， 并具有钢结构框架， 位于进水箱 3的下方。 生物膜反应器 5内设有多层隔板 7, 例如， 优选聚乙 烯板， 隔板 7的数量可根据污水的水质情况和负荷来调节。 每层隔板 7上 支撑有多个载体 6，载体 6包括由微生物形成的生物膜，用于去除污水中的 有机物和氮、 磷。 载体 6可以是平头载体， 具有圆柱形、 圓锥形或其它形 状。 优选地， 载体 6采用沟槽式或者凸点式的载体， 也就是说， 在载体上 设置沟槽或凸点， 以增加污水和载体上的生物膜的接触面积。 载体 6 由透 气材料形成， 优选釆用不锈钢网、 尼龙网、 塑料孔板或透气性膜。 与普通 载体结构相比， 本发明中的载体为网状透气结构， 可以实现生物膜表面和 底层汉层供氧， 提高生物膜的活性， 特别是氨氧化和硝化活性， 提高对氨 氮的去除效率。
出水系统包括集水箱 8和出水泵 9,集水箱 8位于生物膜反应器 5的下 方， 出水进入集水箱 8并通过出水泵 9排出。
此外，该污水处理设备还可包括流量计 4,其设置在进水箱 3和生物膜 反应器 5之间， 用于控制污水的流量。
下面详细介绍使用上述污水处理设备的双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处 理方法。
污水流入集水桶 1 , 其中较大颗粒杂质被格栅截留， 或者， 集水桶 1 内的污水通过进水泵 2进入进水箱 3，通过进水箱 3内的格栅初步过滤污水 中的大粒径的杂质及纤维；
才艮据进水水质情况由流量计 4确定进水流量， 多余的污水由回流装置 (未示出） 流回集水桶 1内；
初步过滤后的污水进入生物膜反应器 5， 通过生物膜反应器 5处理污 水， 其中， 在生物膜反应器 5内的多层隔板 7上设置的载体 6上进行活性 污泥的接种以加速生物膜的形成， 其中， 对来自硝化污水处理设备的活性 污泥分段进行接种， 以使接种均匀；
污水以较慢地速度流经整个生物膜反应器 5，在生物膜完全适应、驯化 之后， 按照预定的流量使污水逐次平流经过生物膜反应器 5 内的多层隔板 7， 并同时检测各种污水指标， 例如， 化学需氧量 COD等， 根据污水指标 结果调节入水流量， 污水流经隔板 7上的载体 6时， 生物膜上的微生物去 除污水中的有机物和氮、 磷等。
其中， 生物膜的表层与空气接触多， 氧气比较充足， 微生物进行好养 呼吸， 而在生物膜的邻近载体 6的底层， 由于釆用透气膜或者丝网等透气 性生物膜载体， 氧气也会从生物膜邻近载体表面的底层供给生物膜， 从而 形成从生物膜表层和底层同时供氧的模式， 生物膜好氧活性较高。 当生物 膜达到一定厚度之后， 生物膜中层会形成缺氧或者厌氧层， 有利于污水中 氮磷等污染物的去除， 同时老化的生物膜由于附着性下降而从载体上脱落， 脱落的生物膜随水流作用与出水一起被收集， 使得生物膜达到连续、 不间 断运转。
最后干净的出水进入集水箱 8内， 并由出水泵 9排出。 最后出水达到 水质要求， 确保得到符合排放标准的出水。
优选地， 污水在生物膜反应器 5中的水力停留时间为 6 - 9个小时。 图 2示出了污水在生物膜反应器 5内的运行过程， 污水经阀门进入生 物膜反应器 5 , 水流方向为水平流， 污水流过一层隔板的载体之后， 碰到反 应器的挡墙引导水体向下一层隔板上的载体流动， 这样污水就可以流过每 一层隔板上的载体。 污水与载体 6上的生物膜接触， 污染物可被载体 6吸 收。
本发明具有多点进水和占地面积小的优点， 且不需曝气装置， 自身即 可形成好氧区和厌氧区等不同类型微生物区域， 充分利用了空间条件， 对 污水负荷和污水处理效果均有不同程度的提升。 而且， 本发明工艺简单， 体积小， 移动迅捷， 操作筒易， 处理快速， 而且节约能耗， 是适合在农村、 城镇处理小型污水体系的污水处理设备， 同时该设备也是符合要求的能做 出快速反应的临时应用水处理设备。
本发明的技术内容及技术特点已揭示如上， 然而可以理解， 在本发明 的创作思想下， 本领域的技术人员可以对上述结构作各种变化和改进， 但 都属于本发明的保护范围。上述实施例的描述是例示性的而不是限制性的， 本发明的保护范围由权利要求所确定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理方法， 包括步骤：
a、 污水进入进水箱， 其中， 通过机械作用初步过滤污水中的大粒径的 杂质及纤维；
b、 初步过滤后的污水进入生物膜反应器， 通过所述生物膜反应器处理 污水；
c、 出水流入集水箱内；
其特征在于， 在所述步驟 b中， 包括：
在所述生物膜反应器内的多层隔板上设置的载体上进行活性污泥的接 种， 以加速生物膜的形成， 其中， 对来自硝化污水处理设备的活性污泥分 段进行接种， 以使接种均匀；
污水流经整个所述生物膜反应器， 在所述生物膜完全适应、 驯化之后， 按照预定的流量使污水逐次平流经过生物膜反应器内的多层隔板， 并同时 检测各种污水指标， 根据污水指标结果调节进水流量， 污水流经所述隔板 上的所述载体时， 所述生物膜上的微生物去除污水中的有机物和氮、 磷； 其中， 所述生物膜的表层与空气接触多， 氧气充足， 微生物进行好养 呼吸， 而在所述生物膜的邻近所述载体的底层， 由于所述载体由透气材料 形成， 氧气也会从所述生物膜邻近载体表面的底层供给所述生物膜， 从而 形成从生物膜表层和底层同时供氧的模式， 获得生物膜的高好氧活性， 当 所述生物膜达到一定厚度之后， 所述生物膜的中层会形成缺氧层或者厌氧 层， 有利于污水中氮磷的去除， 同时老化的生物膜由于附着性下降而从载 体上脱落， 脱落的生物膜随水流作用与出水一起被收集， 使得所述生物膜 达到连续、 不间断运转。
2、 根据权利要求书 1所述的污水处理方法， 其特征在于， 污水在所述 生物膜反应器中的水力停留时间为 6 ~ 9个小时。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述透气材料 采用不锈钢网、 尼龙网、 塑料孔板或透气性膜。
4、 根据权利要求 1到 3中任一项所述的污水处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述载体采用沟槽式或者凸点式的载体。
5. 一种双向供氧水平流生物膜污水处理设备， 其特征在于， 包括进水 系统、 反应系统和出水系统， 污水通过所述进水系统进入所述反应系统以 在所述反应系统内对污水进行处理， 然后进入所述出水系统， 其中：
所述进水系统包括进水泵和进水箱， 所述进水泵用于将污水抬升到所 述进水箱中， 所述进水泵根据所述进水箱中的水量采取间断运行， 用于控 制进入所述反应系统的水量与水流速度， 并根据进水碳源含量， 进行不同 层间的多点进水， 以利于反硝化脱氮， 所述进水箱中设有格栅， 用于进行 初步过滤， 以去除大型杂质；
所述反应系统包括生物膜反应器， 所述生物膜反应器为立体式， 其内 设有多层隔板， 每层隔板上支撑有多个载体， 所述载体上形成生物膜， 用 于去除污水中的有机物和氮、 磷； 以及
所述出水系统包括集水箱和出水泵， 处理后的出水进入所述集水箱， 并通过所述出水泵排出。
6. 根据权利要求书 5所述的污水处理设备， 其特征在于， 所述载体采 用沟槽式或者凸点式的载体。
7. 根据权利要求书 5或 6所述的污水处理设备， 其特征在于， 所述载 体由透气材料形成。
8. 根据权利要求书 7所述的污水处理设备， 其特征在于， 所述透气材 料釆用不锈钢网、 尼龙网、 塑料孔板或透气性膜。
9. 根据权利要求 5所述的污水处理设备， 其特征在于， 还包括设置在 所述进水系统和所述反应系统之间的流量计。
10. 根据权利要求 5 所述的污水处理设备， 其特征在于， 所述隔板为 聚乙烯板或硬质板材。
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