WO2013063722A1 - Mutual-capacitance-type active touch control system - Google Patents

Mutual-capacitance-type active touch control system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013063722A1
WO2013063722A1 PCT/CN2011/001860 CN2011001860W WO2013063722A1 WO 2013063722 A1 WO2013063722 A1 WO 2013063722A1 CN 2011001860 W CN2011001860 W CN 2011001860W WO 2013063722 A1 WO2013063722 A1 WO 2013063722A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
touch
electrode
signal
excitation
line
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001860
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈其良
刘海平
陈梅英
Original Assignee
智点科技（深圳）有限公司
智点科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 智点科技（深圳）有限公司, 智点科技有限公司 filed Critical 智点科技（深圳）有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2011/001860 priority Critical patent/WO2013063722A1/en
Priority to TW101140016A priority patent/TW201319909A/en
Publication of WO2013063722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013063722A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0448—Details of the electrode shape, e.g. for enhancing the detection of touches, for generating specific electric field shapes, for enhancing display quality

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a touch screen, and more particularly to a mutual capacitive active touch screen and a driving circuit thereof. Background technique
  • Touch is the most important way of human perception, the most natural way for people to interact with machines.
  • Touch screens have been widely used in many fields such as personal computers, smart phones, public information, smart home appliances, and industrial control.
  • resistive touch screens there are mainly resistive touch screens, photoelectric touch screens, ultrasonic touch screens, and flat capacitive touch screens.
  • projected capacitive touch screens have developed rapidly.
  • Resistive touch screen is still the leading product book on the market.
  • the structure of the two-layer substrate of the resistive touch screen makes the touch screen and the display panel overlap each other.
  • the reflection of the touch screen greatly affects the display. Display quality such as brightness, contrast, color saturation, etc., greatly degrades the overall display quality, and increases the brightness of the backlight of the display panel, which also causes the power consumption to rise; the analog resistive touch screen also has the problem of positioning drift, from time to time Position calibration;
  • the working mode of the resistive touch screen electrode makes the life of the touch screen shorter.
  • Infrared touch screens and ultrasonic touch screens do not affect display quality.
  • the infrared touch screen and the ultrasonic touch screen are costly, and water droplets and dust can affect the reliability of the touch screen operation, especially the infrared touch screen and the ultrasonic touch screen mechanism are complicated, and the power consumption is large, so that the infrared Touch screens and ultrasonic touch screens are basically not available on portable products.
  • the current capacitive screens measure the influence of a finger or other touch object on the coupling capacitance between the electrodes of the touch screen. Actually, by measuring the influence of the finger or other touch object on the charging and discharging of the touch screen electrode, the finger or the finger is detected. The position of other touch objects on the touch screen.
  • the sensing method of the planar capacitive touch screen is to apply touch excitation to the detecting electrodes from the four corners of a planar detecting electrode, and respectively detect the magnitude of the touch signal current at the four corners of the detecting electrode.
  • a coupling capacitor is formed between the touch object and the detecting electrode, and the touch signal on the detecting electrode is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor.
  • the magnitude of the touch signal current provided by the four angular detecting electrodes is inversely proportional to the distance between the four corners of the touch object, and the touch circuit detects the current of the four corner touch signals to find out that the touch object is The position on the touch substrate.
  • the sensing method of the self-capacitive touch screen is two sets of orthogonal detection electrode line points.
  • the touch circuit detects the change of the touch signal on each detecting electrode line to find out The detection electrode line is touched to find the position of the touch object on the touch substrate.
  • the sensing method of the mutual capacitive touch screen is to apply a touch excitation on the excitation electrode line in one direction, and to detect the excitation from the detection electrode line orthogonal to the other group and not applying the touch excitation.
  • a touch signal transmitted from the electrode line when a person's finger or other touch object approaches or contacts the intersection of a certain excitation electrode line and the detection electrode line, a coupling is formed between the touch object and the excitation electrode line and the signal electrode line.
  • the touch signals on the capacitor, the excitation electrode line and the detection electrode line are partially leaked out through the coupling capacitor portion, and the touch circuit detects the touched excitation electrode line by detecting the change of the touch signal on each detection electrode line. And detecting the electrode lines to find the position of the touch object on the touch substrate.
  • the structure of the capacitive touch screen is such that when the touch screen and the display panel are overlapped, the touch screen has little influence on the display quality, but there are signal diffusion and crosstalk between different sensing electrode lines, and the positioning point needs After simulation, not a real digital touch screen.
  • the distributed capacitance in the manufacturing and use environment will affect the reliability of the touch screen operation.
  • the interference of the display drive signal and other electrical signals will affect the operation of the touch screen, and the water drop will also affect the reliability of the touch screen operation.
  • the present invention is to provide an active touch screen of mutual capacitance structure.
  • An active device array is disposed on the touch screen of the mutual capacitance structure, and each touch sensing unit on the touch screen is isolated, so that each sensing unit on the screen senses the touch screen in a mutually independent mutual capacitance manner.
  • the basic working principle of the active touch system of the present invention is:
  • the active device unit and the sensing electrode unit are arranged in an array on the touch substrate, and the excitation electrode, the two sets of intersecting control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines are connected, and the signal electrode lines are connected to the sensing electrode unit through the active device unit.
  • the touch circuit applies a touch excitation signal to the excitation electrode, and the touch signal on the excitation electrode is transmitted to the sensing electrode unit through the capacitance between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch circuit is activated through the control electrode line.
  • the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit can be detected from the signal electrode line.
  • the touch circuit turns on the active device unit row by row in a scanning manner, and synchronously detects the touch signals on the sensing electrodes of each row.
  • a coupling capacitance is formed between the touch object and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor portion.
  • the touch signal detected by the touch circuit on the signal electrode line is different from when the sensing electrode unit is not touched.
  • the touch circuit detects the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line to find The signal electrode line whose touch signal changes the most or the touch signal changes exceeds a certain threshold value, and then combines the control electrode line of the active device unit at this time to determine the touched sensing electrode unit, thereby finding the touch object The position on the touch substrate.
  • a thin film field effect transistor is a typical representative of an active matrix device.
  • a thin film transistor TFT gate is connected to a horizontal control electrode line, and a source is connected to a vertical signal electrode.
  • Line, drain is connected to the sensing electrode unit (here, the definition of the drain and source is just a habitual definition, the source level does not refer to the level of the source electrode, but the source here. The level of the lower of the two electrodes of the pole and the drain).
  • the array of active devices arranged in the array allows each of the sensing electrode units to be equipped with a semiconductor switching device that can be gated by pulses so that each sensing electrode unit is relatively independent.
  • TFTs Thin film field effect transistors
  • a-Si amorphous silicon
  • SiNx silicon nitride
  • the positive charge in silicon nitride is used to help attract electrons to form a channel, so the TFTs using amorphous silicon process are mostly of the NM0S type.
  • the contents of this manual are mainly described by the NM0S type thin film transistor.
  • the PM0S type thin film transistor can follow the same principle and will not be listed separately.
  • An active touch system is composed of a touch substrate, a touch electrode and a touch circuit.
  • the touch electrode has a sensing electrode, a control electrode, a signal electrode and an excitation electrode
  • the touch circuit has a touch excitation source and a signal.
  • Detection circuit and control circuit the touch electrode is used to detect an operator's finger or other touch object on the touch substrate a position on the touch substrate; an active device unit arranged in an array, a sensing electrode unit arranged in an array, no less than two sets of intersecting control electrode lines and signal electrode lines, and excitation electrodes, each control electrode line
  • the intersection of each signal electrode line is insulated by an insulating layer, and the excitation electrode is insulated from each sensing electrode unit, each control electrode line, and each signal electrode line;
  • the sensing electrode unit is connected to the active device unit, and the active device unit is The control electrode line and the signal electrode line are connected; the excitation electrode is connected to the touch excitation source in the touch circuit, the touch excitation source applies a
  • the electrode line is connected to the control circuit in the touch circuit; the touch circuit controls the conduction state of the active device unit on the active device array by controlling the electrode line, and the signal detection circuit detects when the part of the active device unit is in the on state The change of the touch signal on the signal electrode line is measured to determine the position of the touch point.
  • the active device unit in the array of active devices has one or more active elements therein.
  • the active device unit in the active device array is a thin film transistor (TFT) array, and the control electrode line and the signal electrode line are respectively connected to the gate and the source of the TFT, and the drain of the TFT Connect the sensing electrode unit.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • the excitation electrode may be a strip electrode group, a block electrode, or an electrode of another shape.
  • the excitation electrodes are excitation electrode units arranged in an array connected to each other, and the excitation electrode unit is surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines. Into the area.
  • the excitation electrode and the touch control surface are on different sides of the sensing electrode unit, and the excitation electrode has a portion overlapping with some or all of the sensing electrode units.
  • the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit do not overlap in a region surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines. section.
  • the touch substrate is provided with a shield electrode, and the shield electrode and the other electrode and the active device array are both isolated by an insulating layer.
  • the touch substrate is a flexible or rigid transparent substrate
  • the sensing electrode unit is a transparent electrode
  • the control electrode line or the signal electrode line is a transparent electrode.
  • the control electrode line or the signal electrode line has a fold line segment, and the angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line segment is greater than 20° and less than 160°.
  • the touch excitation signal applied to the excitation electrode by the touch circuit has a frequency of not less than 10 kHz.
  • the signal detecting circuit detects a change of a touch signal on a signal electrode line, and detects a magnitude characteristic or time of charging or discharging of the connected sensing electrode unit through the signal electrode line. feature.
  • the signal detecting circuit detects a change of a touch signal on a signal electrode line, and detects a magnitude characteristic or a phase characteristic of a leakage current of the connected sensing electrode unit through the signal electrode line. . :
  • the signal detecting circuit detects a change of a touch signal on a signal electrode line, and detects a change amount of the touch signal or a change rate of the touch signal.
  • the touch detection circuit detects that the column electrode line of the touch signal change to reach the touch positioning condition is a touched signal electrode line, so as to correspond to the signal detection circuit.
  • the signal electrode line whose touch signal change reaches the touch positioning condition is detected, the row electrode line in which the connected TFT unit is in the on state is the touched control electrode line; the contact on the touch substrate is The position of the sensing electrode unit to which the TFT unit to which the control electrode line and the touched signal electrode line are connected is connected.
  • the touch positioning condition is that the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate is the largest, or the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate exceeds a certain set threshold. Or the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate is the largest and exceeds a certain threshold.
  • the touch circuit calculates the touched position between the column electrode lines by detecting the difference in the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit detects the same column The difference in touch signal changes at different times on the electrode line is used to calculate the touched position between the row electrode lines.
  • the invention constructs a touch screen provided with a mutual capacitance structure of an active device, so that each sensing electrode unit on the screen can sense the touch of the touch object in a mutual capacitance manner independently and quickly.
  • the hardware sensing link at the front end of the touch system is improved, the diffusion and crosstalk of the touch signal between different sensing electrodes are eliminated, and the detection of the touched position is introduced into the digitization of the space, so that the source of the touch signal is accurate.
  • Each sensing electrode unit According to the size of the signal of the adjacent sensing electrode unit, or according to the distribution of the sensing electrode unit area signal with the touch signal, the accuracy of the position of the touched position can be improved to the adjacent sensing electrode.
  • the small position between the units; the mutual-capacitance touch excitation electrode can shield the interference signal from the display panel and eliminate the influence of the distributed capacitance on the support frame on the touch signal, making the touch screen easier to standardize.
  • the active device is introduced on the touch screen, and the method for obtaining the touch signal is improved in the hardware sensing part of the touch system, so that the detection program after the detection is greatly simplified, and the resources of the post-processing chip can be greatly saved, and the detection speed is changed. Faster, more reliable, and overall costs are likely to get lower.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the active touch system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a touch substrate 110, an active device array 120, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 0, and the like.
  • the E-terminal active device array 120 and the touch electrodes are disposed on the touch substrate 110.
  • the touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 131, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 132 and column signal electrode line groups 133, and an excitation electrode 134.
  • the control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines are separated by an insulating layer.
  • the sensing electrode array 131 is a transparent IT0 electrode, and each sensing electrode unit is in a region surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines; the excitation electrode 134 is a planar transparent germanium electrode
  • the sensing electrode units 131 overlap and cover all of the sensing electrode units, and are located on different layers away from the substrate surface and the sensing electrode array 131, and are insulated from the row control electrode line group 132 and the column signal electrode line group 133.
  • the touch substrate 110 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 131, the row control electrode line group 132, the column signal electrode line group 133, and the excitation electrode 134 are all disposed on the touch substrate 110 facing away from the user. Touch the face.
  • the touch circuit 140 has a touch excitation source 141, a signal detection circuit 142, and a control circuit 143.
  • Each of the control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines of the control electrode line group 132 and the signal electrode line group 133 are respectively connected to two terminals of each active device unit of the three-terminal active device array 120; the senses of the sensing electrode array 131
  • the electrode unit is connected to the other terminal of each active device unit; the signal electrode line 133 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 142 of the touch circuit 140; the control electrode 132 is connected to the touch circuit 140.
  • the control circuit 143; the excitation electrode 134 is connected to the touch excitation source 141 in the touch circuit 140.
  • the touch excitation source 141 of the touch circuit 14 ⁇ applies a pulse square wave touch excitation signal with a frequency not less than ⁇ to the excitation electrode 134, and the touch signal on the excitation electrode 134 is transmitted to the capacitor between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode unit.
  • Each of the sensing electrode units; the control circuit 143 of the touch control circuit 140 outputs the turn-on signal to the control electrode line of each row of the control electrode line group 132 in a scanning manner, and the active device unit connected to the row control electrode line having the turn-on signal In an on state, the active device unit connected to the row control electrode line without the turn-on signal is in an off state; as the control circuit 143 causes the active device unit on one row of the control electrode line to be in an on state, through the active device
  • the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line of the unit flows into each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detecting circuit 142 of the touch circuit 140, or simultaneously detects, or is column by column Detecting the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line.
  • the signal detection circuit 142 detects the touch on the sensing electrode unit connected to the row of control electrode lines by the active device unit line by line. The size of the signal change.
  • the active touch system 100 is a touch system that senses the touch conditions on the sensing electrode units of the touch screen in such a manner that the respective sensing units are mutually mutually capacitive.
  • the touch circuit 140 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, the sensing electrode units of different columns according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the column electrode lines; the touch circuit 140 can also Calculate and determine different rows by detecting the difference in touch signal changes at the same time on the same column electrode line Between the signal electrode lines, that is, the touched position between the sensing electrode units of different rows. ⁇
  • the signal detecting circuit 142 is on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. Detecting that the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detecting a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding a position of the plurality of fingers on the touch substrate 110, and even identifying the position of the entire palm and shape.
  • the active touch system 100 also becomes a identifiable multi-point, even full-point touch system.
  • the active touch system 200 shown in FIG. 2 includes a touch substrate 210, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 220, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 240, and the like.
  • a thin film transistor (TFT) array 220 and a touch electrode are disposed on the touch substrate 210.
  • the touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 231, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 232 and column signal electrode line groups 233, and an excitation electrode array 234, and each control electrode line and each signal electrode line intersect at an insulating layer. Isolation; in each of the two adjacent control electrode lines and each two adjacent signal electrode lines, an "E"-shaped sensing electrode unit and an "anti-E"-shaped excitation electrode are provided.
  • the sensing electrode array 231 and the excitation electrode array 234 are on the same layer as transparent ITO electrodes; the excitation electrode arrays 234 are connected to each other and are insulated from the row control electrode group 232 and the column signal electrode group 233. .
  • the touch substrate 210 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 231, the row control electrode line group 232, the column signal electrode line group 233, and the excitation electrode array 234 are all disposed on the touch surface of the touch substrate 210 facing the user, and are sensed.
  • An electrode protective layer 231, a row control electrode line group 232 and a column signal electrode line group 233, and an excitation electrode array 234 are further provided with an insulating protective outer layer.
  • the touch circuit 240 has a touch excitation source 241, a signal detection circuit 242, and a control circuit 243.
  • Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 232 and the signal electrode line group 233 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 220; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 231 are respectively connected
  • the signal electrode line of the signal electrode line group 233 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 242 of the touch circuit 240; the control electrode line group 232 is connected to the control circuit 243 of the touch circuit 240; the excitation electrode
  • the array 234 is connected to the touch excitation source 241 in the touch circuit 240.
  • the touch excitation source 241 of the touch circuit 240 applies a pulse square wave touch excitation signal with a frequency not less than ⁇ to the excitation electrode array 234, and the touch signals on the excitation electrode units of the excitation electrode array 234 pass through the excitation electrode unit and sense.
  • the coupling capacitance between the electrode units is transmitted to the sensing electrode units; the control circuit 243 of the touch circuit 240 outputs the control electrode lines to the control electrode line group 232 in a scanning manner.
  • the turn-on signal, the TFT connected to the control electrode line having the turn-on signal is in an on state, and the TFT connected to the control electrode line having no turn-on signal is in an off state; as the control circuit 243 directs the TFT on a row of control electrode lines In the on state, the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit connected to the row of control electrode lines by the active device unit flows into each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detecting circuit 242 of the touch circuit 240, or At the same time, the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude or the length of the charge and discharge time of each of the sensing electrode units connected to each of the signal electrode lines is detected, or detected column by column.
  • the signal detection circuit 242 detects the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude of the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line through the TFT line by line. Or the length of charge and discharge.
  • the signal detecting circuit 242 can detect the charging/discharging amplitude or the charging/discharging time maximum by detecting the magnitude of the charging and discharging amplitude or the length of the charging and discharging time of each sensing electrode unit connected to each signal electrode line.
  • the sensing electrode unit is touched to find the position of the touch object on the touch substrate 210.
  • the active touch system 200 is a touch system that senses the touch conditions on the sensing electrode units of the touch screen in such a manner that the respective sensing units independently and mutually capacitively.
  • the touch circuit 240 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, the sensing electrode units of different columns, according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit 240 can also By detecting the difference in the change of the touch signals at different times on the same column electrode line, it is calculated to determine the touched position between the signal electrode lines of different rows, that is, the sensing electrode units of different rows.
  • the signal detecting circuit 242 detects the charging and discharging characteristics of the touch signals on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times.
  • the sensing electrode unit that changes beyond a certain threshold that is, detects a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding the position of the plurality of styluses on the touch substrate 210.
  • the active touch system 200 also becomes a touch system that can recognize multiple styluses.
  • the active touch system 300 shown in FIG. 3 includes a touch substrate 310, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 320, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 340, and the like.
  • a thin film transistor (TFT) array 320 and a touch electrode are disposed at On the touch substrate 310.
  • the touch electrodes are composed of a sensing electrode array 331, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 332 and column signal electrode line groups 333, and a linear excitation electrode array 334. The control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines intersect at an intersection.
  • the electrode array 334 is a transparent ITO electrode on the same layer; the excitation electrode units of the same row of the linear excitation electrode array 334 are connected to each other by a communication line, and are insulated from the row control electrode line group 332 and the column signal electrode line group 333.
  • the touch substrate 310 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 331, the row control electrode group 332, the column signal electrode group 333, and the linear excitation electrode array 334 are all disposed on the touch surface of the touch substrate 310 facing away from the user.
  • the touch circuit 340 has a touch excitation source 341, a signal detection circuit 342, and a control circuit 343.
  • Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 332 and the signal electrode line group 333 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 320; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 331 are respectively connected
  • the signal electrode line of the signal electrode line group 333 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 342 of the touch circuit 340; the control electrode line group 332 is connected to the control circuit 343 of the touch circuit 340;
  • Each of the row line excitation electrode units of the excitation electrode array 334 is connected to the touch excitation source 341 of the touch circuit 340.
  • the control circuit 343 of the touch control circuit 340 outputs an ON signal to each control electrode line of the control electrode line group 332 in a scanning manner, and the TFT connected to the control electrode line having the ON signal is in an on state, and the control of the non-on signal is performed.
  • the TFTs connected to the electrode lines are in an off state; the touch excitation source 341 of the touch circuit 340 and the control circuit 343 output the scan synchronization of the turn-on signals to the control electrode lines, and the row line excitation of the linear excitation electrode array 334 is performed row by row.
  • the electrode unit applies a pulse square wave touch excitation signal with a frequency not less than ⁇ , and the touch signal on the excitation electrode unit of the same pair is transmitted to the sensing electrode units of the same by the capacitance between the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit.
  • the control circuit 343 makes a row of control TFTs and the TFTs on the line in an on state, the touch signals on the sensing electrode units connected to the control electrode lines through the active device unit will flow in.
  • the signal detection circuit 342 detects the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude of the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line through the TFT line by line. Or the length of charge and discharge.
  • a finger or other touch A coupling capacitor is formed between the control and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor; the signal detecting circuit 342 detects the senses connected to the signal electrode lines.
  • the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude of the electrode unit or the length of the charge and discharge time can be used to find the signal electrode line whose charge/discharge amplitude or charge/discharge time changes the most or exceeds a certain threshold value, and then according to the line of the active device unit at this time.
  • the active touch system 300 is a touch system that senses the touch conditions on the sensing electrode units of the touch screen in such a manner that the respective sensing electrode units are mutually mutually capacitive.
  • the touch control circuit 340 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, between the sensing electrode units of different columns, according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit 340 can also By detecting the difference in the change of the touch signals at different times on the same column electrode line, it is calculated to determine the touched position between the signal electrode lines of different rows, that is, the sensing electrode units of different rows.
  • the signal detecting circuit 342 is on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. Detecting that the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detecting a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding a position of the plurality of fingers on the touch substrate 310, and even identifying the position of the entire palm and shape.
  • the active touch system 300 also becomes a identifiable multi-point, even full-point touch system.
  • the active touch system 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a touch substrate 410 and a thin film transistor (TFT) array.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • a thin film transistor (TFT) array 420 and a touch electrode are disposed on the touch substrate 410.
  • the touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 431, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 432 and column signal electrode line groups 433, an excitation electrode array 434, and a shielding electrode 435, and each control electrode line and each signal electrode line intersect.
  • An insulating layer is isolated; a sensing electrode unit and an excitation electrode unit are disposed in a region surrounded by each two adjacent control electrode lines and each two adjacent signal electrode lines, and the sensing electrode array 431 is provided.
  • the excitation electrode array 434 is on the same layer as the transparent IT0 electrode; the excitation electrode array 434 is connected to each other and is insulated from the row control electrode group 432 and the column signal electrode group 433; On the user side, on the different layers of the sensing electrode array 431, the row control electrode line group 432, the column signal electrode line group 433, and the excitation electrode array 434, a planar shielding electrode 435 is disposed to prevent the display panel 450 from being Electrical signal to sensing electrode The influence of the touch signals on the array 431 and the signal electrode 433; the shield electrode 435 and the TFT array 420 and other electrodes are separated by an insulating layer.
  • the touch substrate 410 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 431, the row control electrode line group 432 and the column signal electrode line group 433, the excitation electrode array 434, and the shielding electrode 435 are all disposed on the touch substrate 410 facing away from the user.
  • the touch circuit 440 has a touch excitation source 441, a signal detection circuit 442, a control circuit 443, and a mask signal output terminal 444.
  • Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 432 and the signal electrode line group 433 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 420; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 431 are respectively connected
  • the signal electrode line of the signal electrode line group 433 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 442 of the touch circuit 440; the control electrode line group 432 is connected to the control circuit 443 of the touch circuit 440; the excitation electrode
  • the array 434 is connected to the touch excitation source 441 of the touch circuit 440; the shield electrode 435 is connected to the shield signal output end 444 of the touch circuit 440.
  • the touch excitation source 441 of the touch circuit 440 applies an AC touch excitation signal having a frequency of not less than ⁇ to the excitation electrode array 434, and the touch signals on the excitation electrode units of the excitation electrode array 434 pass through the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit.
  • the capacitance between the touch electrodes 440 is transmitted to the control electrode lines of the control electrode line group 432 in a scanning manner, and is connected to the control electrode lines having the turn-on signals.
  • the TFT is in an on state, and the TFT connected to the control electrode line without the turn-on signal is in an off state; and the control circuit 443 is connected to the control electrode line through the TFT every time the TFT on the control electrode line is turned on.
  • the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit flows into each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detecting circuit 442 of the touch circuit 440 detects the line electrode of each signal at the same time, or detects it one by one.
  • the size of the control signal changes.
  • the control circuit 443 outputs an enable signal to each control electrode line row by row
  • the signal detection circuit 442 detects the change of the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line through the TFT line by line. size.
  • the signal detecting circuit 442 can detect the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line, and can find the signal electrode line whose touch signal changes the most or the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, and then turns on the TFT according to the current time.
  • the control electrode line can determine the touched sensing electrode unit; thereby finding the position of the finger or other touch object on the touch substrate 410.
  • the active touch system 400 becomes each sensing electrode unit independently of each other
  • the mutual mutual capacitance method is a touch system for sensing the touch condition on each sensing electrode unit of the touch screen.
  • the touch control circuit 440 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, the sensing electrode units of different columns, according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit 440 can also By detecting the difference in the change of the touch signals at different times on the same column electrode line, it is calculated to determine the touched position between the signal electrode lines of different rows, that is, the sensing electrode units of different rows.
  • the signal detecting circuit 442 is on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. Detecting that the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detecting a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding a position of the plurality of fingers on the touch substrate 410, and even identifying the position of the entire palm. And shape.
  • the active touch system 400 also becomes a identifiable multi-point, even full-point touch system.
  • the active touch screen 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes a touch substrate 510, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 520, and a touch electrode.
  • the TFT array 520 and the touch electrodes are disposed on the touch substrate 510.
  • the touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 531, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 532 and column signal electrode line groups 533, and an excitation electrode 534.
  • the control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines are separated by an insulating layer.
  • Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 532 and the signal electrode line group 533 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 520; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 531 are respectively The drains of the respective TFTs are connected; the excitation electrodes 534 are planar transparent ITO electrodes covering all of the sensing electrode units.
  • the touch control substrate 510 is a transparent substrate, and each of the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 531 is a transparent IT0 electrode, and the row control electrode line group 532 and the column signal electrode line group 533 are opaque metal electrode lines.
  • the control area is a fold line.
  • the angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line is greater than 20° and less than 160°.
  • the intersection of the row electrode line and the column electrode line does not overlap; the edge shape of the transparent sensing electrode unit is followed by the adjacent A polygon surrounded by two row electrode lines and two adjacent column electrode lines.
  • the row control electrode line group 532 and the column signal electrode line group 533 are connected at their intersections through the TFTs in the TFT array 520 and the sensing electrode units in the sensing electrode array 531.
  • the active touch screen 500 is used in combination with the display screen, and the oblique line segments in the opaque row electrode group 532 and the column electrode group 533 do not form diffraction stripes with the opaque display row electrodes in the display screen; transparent sensing The edge of the fold line of the electrode 531 is not transparent to the display The pixel electrode is shown to form diffraction or interference fringes; the effect on display quality is avoided as much as possible.
  • the active touch screen 600 shown in FIG. 6 includes a touch substrate 610, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 620, and a touch electrode.
  • the TFT array 620 and the touch electrodes are disposed on the touch substrate 610.
  • the touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 631, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 632 and column signal electrode line groups 633, and an excitation electrode array 634, and each control electrode line and each signal electrode line intersect at an insulating layer.
  • a sensing electrode unit and an excitation electrode unit are provided; the control electrode line group 632 and the signal electrode line Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the group 633 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 620; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 631 are respectively connected to the drains of the TFTs; Each of the excitation electrode units 634 is connected to each other and insulated from the row control electrode line group 632 and the column signal electrode line group 633.
  • the touch substrate 610 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 631 and the excitation electrode array 634 are both transparent IT0 electrodes, and the row control electrode line group 632 and the column signal electrode line group 633 are also transparent IT0 electrode lines.
  • the row electrode line and the column electrode line are The effective touch areas are all broken lines.
  • the angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line is greater than 20° and less than 160°.
  • the intersection of the row electrode lines and the column electrode lines does not overlap; the edge shape of the transparent sensing electrode unit is the following phase.
  • the row control electrode line group 632 and the column signal electrode line group 633 are connected at their intersections through the TFTs in the TFT array 620 and the sensing electrode units in the sensing electrode array 631.
  • the active touch screen 600 is used in combination with the display screen, and the oblique line segments in the opaque row electrode group 632 and the column electrode group 633 do not form diffraction or interference fringes with the opaque display row electrodes in the display screen; The edge of the fold line of the measuring electrode 631 does not form diffraction or interference fringes with the transparent display pixel electrode in the display screen; the influence on the display quality is avoided as much as possible.

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Abstract

Provided is a touch control screen with a mutual capacitance structure arranged with an active device. An active device array isolates each touch control sensing unit on a touch control screen, so that each sensing unit on the screen senses the touch screen in a manner of mutual capacitance independent to each other, and each sensing unit senses the touch control of a touch control object independently in a manner of mutual capacitance. The dispersing and crosstalk of touch control signals among different sensing electrodes are eliminated, and the detection of the touched position is introduced into the digitalization in space. The judgment program after detection is greatly simplified, a large number of the resources of the post-processing chip can be saved, it is possible to lower the overall costs, and the realization of the touch control screen is easy to be standardized. Introducing an active device on the touch control screen can not only make it easy to judge multi-point judgment, but can also realize all-point touch control, the touch control detection capability is extended from point to plane, improving the touch control screen to a new level.

Description

一种互容式有源触控系统 技术领域  Mutual capacitive active touch system
本发明涉及触控屏， 尤其涉及互容式有源触控屏及其驱动电路。 背景技术  The present invention relates to a touch screen, and more particularly to a mutual capacitive active touch screen and a driving circuit thereof. Background technique
触摸是人类最重要的感知方式,是人与机器进行互动的最自然的方式。触控屏 发展至今己广泛用于个人计算机、 智能电话、 公共信息、 智能家电、 工业控制等 众多领域。 在目前的触控领域， 主要说有电阻式触控屏、 光电式触控屏、 超声波式 触控屏、 平面电容式触控屏， 近年来投射电容式触控屏发展迅速。  Touch is the most important way of human perception, the most natural way for people to interact with machines. Touch screens have been widely used in many fields such as personal computers, smart phones, public information, smart home appliances, and industrial control. In the current touch field, there are mainly resistive touch screens, photoelectric touch screens, ultrasonic touch screens, and flat capacitive touch screens. In recent years, projected capacitive touch screens have developed rapidly.
电阻式触控屏仍是目前市场上的主导产品书， 但电阻式触控屏的双层基板的结 构， 使得触控屏和显示面板重叠在一起使用时， 触控屏的反光非常影响显示的亮 度、 对比度、 色饱和度等显示品质， 使整个显示质量大大下降， 而加大显示面板 背光的亮度， 还会使功耗大涨； 模拟式电阻触控屏还存在定位漂移的问题， 不时 要进行位置校准； 另外， 电阻式触控屏电极接触的工作方式， 又使得触控屏的寿 命较短。  Resistive touch screen is still the leading product book on the market. However, the structure of the two-layer substrate of the resistive touch screen makes the touch screen and the display panel overlap each other. The reflection of the touch screen greatly affects the display. Display quality such as brightness, contrast, color saturation, etc., greatly degrades the overall display quality, and increases the brightness of the backlight of the display panel, which also causes the power consumption to rise; the analog resistive touch screen also has the problem of positioning drift, from time to time Position calibration; In addition, the working mode of the resistive touch screen electrode makes the life of the touch screen shorter.
红外线式触控屏和超声波式触控屏不会影响显示质量。 但红外线式触控屏和 超声波式触控屏成本高， 水滴和尘埃都会影响触控屏工作的可靠性， 特别是红外 线式触控屏和超声波式触控屏机构复杂、 功耗大， 使得红外线式触控屏和超声波 式触控屏基本无法应用在便携式产品上。  Infrared touch screens and ultrasonic touch screens do not affect display quality. However, the infrared touch screen and the ultrasonic touch screen are costly, and water droplets and dust can affect the reliability of the touch screen operation, especially the infrared touch screen and the ultrasonic touch screen mechanism are complicated, and the power consumption is large, so that the infrared Touch screens and ultrasonic touch screens are basically not available on portable products.
目前的电容屏都是通过测量手指或其他触控物对触控屏电极间瑀合电容的影 响， 实际是通过测量手指或其他触控物对触控屏电极充放电的影响， 来探测手指 或其他触控物在触控屏上的位置。 所谓平面电容式触控屏的感测方式， 是从一个 面状检测电极的四角对检测电极施加触控激励， 并分别侦测检测电极四个角上触 控信号电流的大小。 当人的手指或其他触控物靠近面状检测电极时， 触控物与检 测电极间都会形成耦合电容， 检测电极上的触控信号就会通过此耦合电容部分泄 漏出去。 四个角向面状检测电极提供的触控信号电流的大小， 与触控物距四角距 离成反比， 触控电路通过分别侦测四个角触控信号电流的大小， 找出触控物在触 控基板上的位置。 所谓自电容式触控屏的感测方式， 是两组正交的检测电极线分  The current capacitive screens measure the influence of a finger or other touch object on the coupling capacitance between the electrodes of the touch screen. Actually, by measuring the influence of the finger or other touch object on the charging and discharging of the touch screen electrode, the finger or the finger is detected. The position of other touch objects on the touch screen. The sensing method of the planar capacitive touch screen is to apply touch excitation to the detecting electrodes from the four corners of a planar detecting electrode, and respectively detect the magnitude of the touch signal current at the four corners of the detecting electrode. When a person's finger or other touch object approaches the surface detecting electrode, a coupling capacitor is formed between the touch object and the detecting electrode, and the touch signal on the detecting electrode is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor. The magnitude of the touch signal current provided by the four angular detecting electrodes is inversely proportional to the distance between the four corners of the touch object, and the touch circuit detects the current of the four corner touch signals to find out that the touch object is The position on the touch substrate. The sensing method of the self-capacitive touch screen is two sets of orthogonal detection electrode line points.
确认本 别施加触控激励， 并侦测该施加有触控激励的检测电极线上触控信号的变化； 当 人的手指或其他触控物靠近两条检测电极线的交叉处时， 触控物与两条检测电极 线间都会形成耦合电容， 检测电极线上的触控信号就会通过此耦合电容部分泄漏 出去， 触控电路通过侦测各条检测电极线上触控信号的变化， 找出被触的检测电 极线， 从而找出触控物在触控基板上的位置。 所谓互电容式触控屏的感测方式， 是在一个方向的激励电极线上施加触控激励， 在与其正交的、 另一组未施加触控 激励的检测电极线上， 侦测从激励电极线上传递过来的触控信号； 当人的手指或 其他触控物靠近或接触某激励电极线和检测电极线的交叉处时， 触控物与激励电 极线和信号电极线间都会形成耦合电容， 激励电极线和检测电极线上的触控信号 就会通过此耦合电容部分泄漏出去， 触控电路通过侦测各条检测电极线上触控信 号的变化， 找出被触的激励电极线和检测电极线， 从而找出触控物在触控基板上 的位置。 Confirmation Do not apply touch excitation, and detect changes in the touch signal on the detection electrode line to which the touch excitation is applied; when the human finger or other touch object approaches the intersection of the two detection electrode lines, the touch object and A coupling capacitor is formed between the two detecting electrode lines, and the touch signal on the detecting electrode line is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor. The touch circuit detects the change of the touch signal on each detecting electrode line to find out The detection electrode line is touched to find the position of the touch object on the touch substrate. The sensing method of the mutual capacitive touch screen is to apply a touch excitation on the excitation electrode line in one direction, and to detect the excitation from the detection electrode line orthogonal to the other group and not applying the touch excitation. a touch signal transmitted from the electrode line; when a person's finger or other touch object approaches or contacts the intersection of a certain excitation electrode line and the detection electrode line, a coupling is formed between the touch object and the excitation electrode line and the signal electrode line. The touch signals on the capacitor, the excitation electrode line and the detection electrode line are partially leaked out through the coupling capacitor portion, and the touch circuit detects the touched excitation electrode line by detecting the change of the touch signal on each detection electrode line. And detecting the electrode lines to find the position of the touch object on the touch substrate.
电容式触控屏的结构使得触控屏和显示面板重叠在一起使用时， 触控屏对显 示质量的影响不大， 但不同的感测电极线间存在着信号的扩散和串扰， 定位点需 要经过模拟计算， 而非真正的数字式触控屏。 制造和使用环境中的分布电容都会 影响触控屏工作的可靠性， 显示驱动信号及其他电信号的干扰都会影响触控屏的 工作， 水滴也会影响触控屏工作的可靠性。  The structure of the capacitive touch screen is such that when the touch screen and the display panel are overlapped, the touch screen has little influence on the display quality, but there are signal diffusion and crosstalk between different sensing electrode lines, and the positioning point needs After simulation, not a real digital touch screen. The distributed capacitance in the manufacturing and use environment will affect the reliability of the touch screen operation. The interference of the display drive signal and other electrical signals will affect the operation of the touch screen, and the water drop will also affect the reliability of the touch screen operation.
随着近年来 iPhone手机和 Windows 7操作系统的推出，人们对多点触控的兴 趣骤然提升。 无论是电阻式还是电容式触控屏， 由于屏幕上每一感测线直接连接 多个感测单元， 各感测单元之间并不完全独立。 为了能够分辨多个触控点， 相对 单点触控来说，要么侦测的扫描方式变得十分复杂，侦测要花费大量时间和功耗； 要么侦测后的判断程序变得十分复杂， 需要强大的计算能力和存储空间， 也要花 费大量时间和功耗。 直接改善触控屏， 并相应改变侦测方式， 使屏幕上各个感测 单元完全独立， 让多点触控变得轻松自然。 发明内容  With the launch of the iPhone and Windows 7 operating systems in recent years, people's interest in multi-touch has suddenly increased. Whether it is a resistive or capacitive touch screen, since each sensing line on the screen is directly connected to multiple sensing units, the sensing units are not completely independent. In order to be able to distinguish multiple touch points, the detection mode of the detection becomes very complicated compared to the single touch, and the detection takes a lot of time and power consumption; or the detection procedure after the detection becomes complicated. It takes a lot of computing power and storage space, and it takes a lot of time and power. Directly improve the touch screen, and change the detection mode accordingly, so that the sensing units on the screen are completely independent, making multi-touch easy and natural. Summary of the invention
本发明就是为了提供一种互电容结构的有源触控屏。 在构建的互电容结构的 触控屏上设置有源器件阵列， 隔离触控屏上各触控感测单元， 使屏幕上各个感测 单元以相互独立地互电容的方式， 感测触控屏各感测单元上耦合电容的变化。  The present invention is to provide an active touch screen of mutual capacitance structure. An active device array is disposed on the touch screen of the mutual capacitance structure, and each touch sensing unit on the touch screen is isolated, so that each sensing unit on the screen senses the touch screen in a mutually independent mutual capacitance manner. A change in coupling capacitance across each sensing unit.
本发明的有源触控系统的基本工作原理是： 在触控基板上阵列状地设置有源器件单元和感测电极单元， 以及激励电极、 两组相交的控制电极线和信号电极线， 信号电极线通过有源器件单元连接感测电 极单元。 触控电路对激励电极施加触控激励信号， 激励电极上的触控信号会通过 激励电极与感测电极单元间的电容传送到感测电极单元上， 在触控电路通过控制 电极线让有源器件单元处于导通态时， 从信号电极线上可以侦测到感测电极单元 上的触控信号。 触控电路以扫描的方式， 逐行开启有源器件单元， 并同步侦测各 行感测电极单元上的触控信号。 当人的手指或其他触控物靠近或接触某感测电极 单元时， 触控物与感测电极单元间形成耦合电容， 感测电极单元上的触控信号就 会通过此耦合电容部分泄漏出去， 触控电路在信号电极线上侦测到的触控信号， 就与感测电极单元未被触控时不一样， 触控电路通过侦测各条信号电极线上触控 信号的变化，找出触控信号变化最大的或触控信号变化超过某阈值的信号电极线， 再结合此时开启有源器件单元的控制电极线， 来确定被触的感测电极单元， 从而 找出触控物在触控基板上的位置。 The basic working principle of the active touch system of the present invention is: The active device unit and the sensing electrode unit are arranged in an array on the touch substrate, and the excitation electrode, the two sets of intersecting control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines are connected, and the signal electrode lines are connected to the sensing electrode unit through the active device unit. The touch circuit applies a touch excitation signal to the excitation electrode, and the touch signal on the excitation electrode is transmitted to the sensing electrode unit through the capacitance between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch circuit is activated through the control electrode line. When the device unit is in the on state, the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit can be detected from the signal electrode line. The touch circuit turns on the active device unit row by row in a scanning manner, and synchronously detects the touch signals on the sensing electrodes of each row. When a person's finger or other touch object approaches or contacts a sensing electrode unit, a coupling capacitance is formed between the touch object and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor portion. The touch signal detected by the touch circuit on the signal electrode line is different from when the sensing electrode unit is not touched. The touch circuit detects the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line to find The signal electrode line whose touch signal changes the most or the touch signal changes exceeds a certain threshold value, and then combines the control electrode line of the active device unit at this time to determine the touched sensing electrode unit, thereby finding the touch object The position on the touch substrate.
薄膜场效应晶体管即 TFT (Thin Fi lm Transistor)是有源矩阵器件的典型代 表， 薄膜晶体管 TFT栅极 (Gate)连接至水平方向的控制电极线， 源极 (Source)连 接至垂直方向的信号电极线， 漏极 (Drain)则连接至感测电极单元 (这里的漏极、 源极的定义只是习惯性定义， 源极电平并不专指源极电极的电平， 而是这里说的 源极和漏极两电极中电平较小的那个电平）。阵列排布的有源器件阵列让每个感测 电极单元均配置一个半导体开关器件， 可以通过脉冲进行选通， 因而每个感测电 极单元相对独立。  A thin film field effect transistor (TFT) is a typical representative of an active matrix device. A thin film transistor TFT gate is connected to a horizontal control electrode line, and a source is connected to a vertical signal electrode. Line, drain (Drain) is connected to the sensing electrode unit (here, the definition of the drain and source is just a habitual definition, the source level does not refer to the level of the source electrode, but the source here. The level of the lower of the two electrodes of the pole and the drain). The array of active devices arranged in the array allows each of the sensing electrode units to be equipped with a semiconductor switching device that can be gated by pulses so that each sensing electrode unit is relatively independent.
薄膜场效应晶体管（TFT)有 NM0S型和 PM0S型两种。目前绝大部分的 TFT是采 用非晶硅 (amorphous silicon, a-Si)制程， 其栅极绝缘层是氮化硅 (SiNx)， 容易 攫取正电荷， 要在非晶硅半导体层中形成沟道， 恰好利用氮化硅中的正电荷来帮 助吸引电子以形成沟道， 因此使用非晶硅制程的 TFT多为 NM0S型。本说明书的内 容主要是以 NM0S型薄膜晶体管为代表进行阐述， PM0S型薄膜晶体管可遵循相同 的原理， 不再单独列举表述。  Thin film field effect transistors (TFTs) are available in both NM0S and PM0S versions. At present, most of the TFTs are in an amorphous silicon (a-Si) process, and the gate insulating layer is silicon nitride (SiNx), which is easy to draw a positive charge, and a channel is formed in the amorphous silicon semiconductor layer. The positive charge in silicon nitride is used to help attract electrons to form a channel, so the TFTs using amorphous silicon process are mostly of the NM0S type. The contents of this manual are mainly described by the NM0S type thin film transistor. The PM0S type thin film transistor can follow the same principle and will not be listed separately.
本发明的技术问题通过以下的技术方案予以解决：  The technical problem of the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:
一种有源触控系统， 由触控基板、 触控电极和触控电路等组成， 触控电极具 有感测电极、 控制电极、 信号电极和激励电极， 触控电路具有触控激励源、 信号 侦测电路和控制电路， 触控电极用于侦测操作者手指或其他触控物在触控基板上 的位置；触控基板上制备有阵列排布的有源器件单元、阵列排布的感测电极单元、 不少于两组相交的控制电极线和信号电极线、 以及激励电极， 各控制电极线和各 信号电极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离，激励电极与各感测电极单元、各控制电极线、 各信号电极线间相互绝缘隔离； 感测电极单元连接有源器件单元， 有源器件单元 连接控制电极线和信号电极线； 激励电极连接触控电路中的触控激励源， 触控激 励源对激励电极施加触控激励信号，信号电极线连接触控电路中的信号侦测电路， 控制电极线连接触控电路中的控制电路； 触控电路通过控制电极线控制有源器件 阵列上有源器件单元的导通状态， 在部分有源器件单元处于导通态时， 信号侦测 电路侦测信号电极线上触控信号的变化， 来确定触控点的位置。 An active touch system is composed of a touch substrate, a touch electrode and a touch circuit. The touch electrode has a sensing electrode, a control electrode, a signal electrode and an excitation electrode, and the touch circuit has a touch excitation source and a signal. Detection circuit and control circuit, the touch electrode is used to detect an operator's finger or other touch object on the touch substrate a position on the touch substrate; an active device unit arranged in an array, a sensing electrode unit arranged in an array, no less than two sets of intersecting control electrode lines and signal electrode lines, and excitation electrodes, each control electrode line The intersection of each signal electrode line is insulated by an insulating layer, and the excitation electrode is insulated from each sensing electrode unit, each control electrode line, and each signal electrode line; the sensing electrode unit is connected to the active device unit, and the active device unit is The control electrode line and the signal electrode line are connected; the excitation electrode is connected to the touch excitation source in the touch circuit, the touch excitation source applies a touch excitation signal to the excitation electrode, and the signal electrode line is connected to the signal detection circuit in the touch circuit, and the control is performed. The electrode line is connected to the control circuit in the touch circuit; the touch circuit controls the conduction state of the active device unit on the active device array by controlling the electrode line, and the signal detection circuit detects when the part of the active device unit is in the on state The change of the touch signal on the signal electrode line is measured to determine the position of the touch point.
本发明的技术问题通过以下的技术方案进一步予以解决：  The technical problem of the present invention is further solved by the following technical solutions:
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述有源器件阵列中的有源器件单元内具有 一个或多个有源元件。  According to another specific aspect of the invention, the active device unit in the array of active devices has one or more active elements therein.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述有源器件阵列中的有源器件单元是薄膜 晶体管 (TFT)阵列， 控制电极线和信号电极线分别连接 TFT的栅极和源极， TFT的 漏极连接感测电极单元。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the active device unit in the active device array is a thin film transistor (TFT) array, and the control electrode line and the signal electrode line are respectively connected to the gate and the source of the TFT, and the drain of the TFT Connect the sensing electrode unit.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述激励电极可以是条状电极组， 也可以是 块状电极， 也可以是其他形状的电极。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the excitation electrode may be a strip electrode group, a block electrode, or an electrode of another shape.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述激励电极是相互连接的阵列排布的激励 电极单元， 所述激励电极单元处于两条相邻的控制电极线和两条相邻的信号电极 线所围成的区域内。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the excitation electrodes are excitation electrode units arranged in an array connected to each other, and the excitation electrode unit is surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines. Into the area.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述激励电极与触控操作面处于所述感测电 极单元的不同侧， 激励电极与部分或全部的感测电极单元具有重叠的部分。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the excitation electrode and the touch control surface are on different sides of the sensing electrode unit, and the excitation electrode has a portion overlapping with some or all of the sensing electrode units.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 在两条相邻的控制电极线和两条相邻的信号 电极线所围成的区域内， 所述激励电极单元与所述感测电极单元具有不重叠的部 分。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit do not overlap in a region surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines. section.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 在触控基板设置有屏蔽电极， 屏蔽电极与其 他电极以及有源器件阵列都以绝缘层相隔离。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the touch substrate is provided with a shield electrode, and the shield electrode and the other electrode and the active device array are both isolated by an insulating layer.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述触控基板是挠性的或硬性的透明基板， 所述感测电极单元是透明电极。 根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述控制电极线或信号电极线是透明电极。 根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述控制电极线或信号电极线具有折线段， 折线段上两相邻直线的夹角大于 20° 小于 160° 。 According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the touch substrate is a flexible or rigid transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode unit is a transparent electrode. According to another specific aspect of the invention, the control electrode line or the signal electrode line is a transparent electrode. According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the control electrode line or the signal electrode line has a fold line segment, and the angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line segment is greater than 20° and less than 160°.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述触控电路对激励电极所施加的触控激励 信号频率不小于 10KHz。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the touch excitation signal applied to the excitation electrode by the touch circuit has a frequency of not less than 10 kHz.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述信号侦测电路侦测信号电极线上触控信 号的变化， 是通过信号电极线侦测其所连接感测电极单元充电或放电的幅值特征 或时间特征。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the signal detecting circuit detects a change of a touch signal on a signal electrode line, and detects a magnitude characteristic or time of charging or discharging of the connected sensing electrode unit through the signal electrode line. feature.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述信号侦测电路侦测信号电极线上触控信 号的变化， 是通过信号电极线侦测其所连接感测电极单元漏电流的幅值特征或相 位特征。 : According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the signal detecting circuit detects a change of a touch signal on a signal electrode line, and detects a magnitude characteristic or a phase characteristic of a leakage current of the connected sensing electrode unit through the signal electrode line. . :
, 根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述信号侦测电路侦测信号电极线上触控信 号的变化， 是侦测触控信号的变化量或触控信号的变化率。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the signal detecting circuit detects a change of a touch signal on a signal electrode line, and detects a change amount of the touch signal or a change rate of the touch signal.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述触控电路以信号侦测电路侦测到触控信 号变化达到触控定位条件的列电极线为被触信号电极线， 以对应于信号侦测电路 侦测到触控信号变化达到触控定位条件的信号电极线时， 与其相连接的 TFT单元 处于导通状态的行电极线为被触控制电极线； 所述触控基板上的被触点是被触控 制电极线和被触信号电极线共同连接的 TFT单元所连接的感测电极单元的位置。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the touch detection circuit detects that the column electrode line of the touch signal change to reach the touch positioning condition is a touched signal electrode line, so as to correspond to the signal detection circuit. When the signal electrode line whose touch signal change reaches the touch positioning condition is detected, the row electrode line in which the connected TFT unit is in the on state is the touched control electrode line; the contact on the touch substrate is The position of the sensing electrode unit to which the TFT unit to which the control electrode line and the touched signal electrode line are connected is connected.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 所述触控定位条件是触控信号变化量或触控 信号变化率最大的， 或是触控信号变化量或触控信号变化率超过某设定阈值的， 或是触控信号变化量或触控信号变化率最大并超过某设定阈值的。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the touch positioning condition is that the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate is the largest, or the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate exceeds a certain set threshold. Or the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate is the largest and exceeds a certain threshold.
根据本发明的另一个具体方面， 触控电路通过侦测各条列电极线上触控信号 变化的差别， 来计算确定列电极线之间的被触位置； 触控电路通过侦测同一条列 电极线上不同时刻触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定行电极线之间的被触位置。  According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the touch circuit calculates the touched position between the column electrode lines by detecting the difference in the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit detects the same column The difference in touch signal changes at different times on the electrode line is used to calculate the touched position between the row electrode lines.
本发明与现有技术对比的有益效果是：  The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:
本发明构建了一种设置有有源器件的互电容结构的触控屏， 使得屏幕上各个 感测电极单元能够相互独立、 快速地， 以互电容方式各自感测触控物的触控。 在 触控系统前端的硬件传感环节上加以改善， 排除了触控信号在不同感测电极间的 扩散和串扰， 将被触位置的探测引入到空间的数字化， 让触控信号的来源准确到 每一感测电极单元。 根据相邻感测电极单元信号的大小， 或根据有触控信号的感 测电极单元区域信号的分布， 被触位置定位的准确性甚至可提高到相邻感测电极 单元间的细小位置； 互电容的触控激励电极， 可以屏蔽来自于显示面板的干扰信 号， 以及排除支撑机架上分布电容对触控信号的影响， 让触控屏更容易实现标准 化。 The invention constructs a touch screen provided with a mutual capacitance structure of an active device, so that each sensing electrode unit on the screen can sense the touch of the touch object in a mutual capacitance manner independently and quickly. The hardware sensing link at the front end of the touch system is improved, the diffusion and crosstalk of the touch signal between different sensing electrodes are eliminated, and the detection of the touched position is introduced into the digitization of the space, so that the source of the touch signal is accurate. Each sensing electrode unit. According to the size of the signal of the adjacent sensing electrode unit, or according to the distribution of the sensing electrode unit area signal with the touch signal, the accuracy of the position of the touched position can be improved to the adjacent sensing electrode. The small position between the units; the mutual-capacitance touch excitation electrode can shield the interference signal from the display panel and eliminate the influence of the distributed capacitance on the support frame on the touch signal, making the touch screen easier to standardize.
在触控屏上引入有源器件， 在触控系统的硬件传感环节改善触控信号的获取 方法， 让侦测后的判断程序大大简化， 可以大量节省后处理芯片的资源， 让探测 速度变得更快， 可靠性提高， 整体成本有可能变得更低。  The active device is introduced on the touch screen, and the method for obtaining the touch signal is improved in the hardware sensing part of the touch system, so that the detection program after the detection is greatly simplified, and the resources of the post-processing chip can be greatly saved, and the detection speed is changed. Faster, more reliable, and overall costs are likely to get lower.
在触控屏上引入有源器件， 使得屏幕上各个感测电极单元完全独立工作， 不 但让对多点触控的判断变得不成问题， 更可以实现全点触控， 对触控侦测能力从 点扩展到面， 让触控屏提高到一个新的水准。 附图说明  The introduction of active devices on the touch screen enables the respective sensing electrode units on the screen to work completely independently, which not only makes the judgment of multi-touch not problem, but also realizes full-touch, touch detection capability. Extend from point to face to raise the touch screen to a new level. DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明具体实施方式一的电气连接示意图；  1 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
图 2是本发明具体实施方式二的电气连接示意图；  2 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
图 3是本发明具体实施方式三的电气连接示意图；  3 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
图 4是本发明具体实施方式四的电气连接示意图；  4 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
图 5是本发明具体实施方式五的电气连接示意图；  Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
图 6是本发明具体实施方式六的结构示意图。 具体实施方式  Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
具体实施方式一 Specific embodiment 1
如图 1所示的有源触控系统 100， 包括触控基板 110、 有源器件阵列 120、 触 控电极、触控电路 0等。 E端有源器件阵列 120和触控电极设置在触控基板 110 上。 触控电极由感测电极阵列 131、 两组相交的行控制电极线组 132和列信号电 极线组 133、 以及激励电极 134组成， 各控制电极线和各信号电极线相交处有绝 缘层相隔离； 感测电极阵列 131是透明 IT0电极， 各感测电极单元处于两条相邻 的控制电极线和两条相邻的信号电极线所围成的区域内； 激励电极 134是面状透 明 ΠΌ电极， 重叠覆盖感测电极阵列 131所有感测电极单元， 并处于远离基板表 面与感测电极阵列 131的不同层上，与行控制电极线组 132和列信号电极线组 133 绝缘隔离。 触控基板 110是透明基板， 感测电极阵列 131、 行控制电极线组 132 和列信号电极线组 133、 激励电极 134都设置在触控基板 110背向使用者的非触 摸面上。 触控电路 140具有触控激励源 141、 信号侦测电路 142和控制电路 143。 控制电极线组 132和信号电极线组 133的各控制电极线和各信号电极线， 分 别连接三端有源器件阵列 120的各有源器件单元的两个端子； 感测电极阵列 131 的各感测电极单元分别连接各有源器件单元的另一端子； 信号电极线组 133各信 号电极线连接触控电路 140中的信号侦测电路 142; 控制电极 132各控制电极线 连接触控电路 140中的控制电路 143; 激励电极 134连接触控电路 140中的触控 激励源 141。 The active touch system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a touch substrate 110, an active device array 120, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 0, and the like. The E-terminal active device array 120 and the touch electrodes are disposed on the touch substrate 110. The touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 131, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 132 and column signal electrode line groups 133, and an excitation electrode 134. The control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines are separated by an insulating layer. The sensing electrode array 131 is a transparent IT0 electrode, and each sensing electrode unit is in a region surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines; the excitation electrode 134 is a planar transparent germanium electrode The sensing electrode units 131 overlap and cover all of the sensing electrode units, and are located on different layers away from the substrate surface and the sensing electrode array 131, and are insulated from the row control electrode line group 132 and the column signal electrode line group 133. The touch substrate 110 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 131, the row control electrode line group 132, the column signal electrode line group 133, and the excitation electrode 134 are all disposed on the touch substrate 110 facing away from the user. Touch the face. The touch circuit 140 has a touch excitation source 141, a signal detection circuit 142, and a control circuit 143. Each of the control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines of the control electrode line group 132 and the signal electrode line group 133 are respectively connected to two terminals of each active device unit of the three-terminal active device array 120; the senses of the sensing electrode array 131 The electrode unit is connected to the other terminal of each active device unit; the signal electrode line 133 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 142 of the touch circuit 140; the control electrode 132 is connected to the touch circuit 140. The control circuit 143; the excitation electrode 134 is connected to the touch excitation source 141 in the touch circuit 140.
触控电路 14Ό的触控激励源 141向激励电极 134施加频率不小于 ΙΟΚΗζ的脉 冲方波触控激励信号， 激励电极 134上的触控信号会通过激励电极与感测电极单 元间的电容传送到各感测电极单元上;触控电路 140的控制电路 143以扫描方式， 逐行向控制电极线组 132各行控制电极线输出开启信号， 与有开启信号的行控制 电极线相连的有源器件单元处于导通状态， 与无开启信号的行控制电极线相连的 有源器件单元处于截止状态； 随着控制电路 143每让一行控制电极线上的有源器 件单元处于导通状态， 通过有源器件单元与此行控制电极线相连接的感测电极单 元上的触控信号， 就会流入各条列信号电极线上； 触控电路 140的信号侦测电路 142， 或同时侦测、 或逐列侦测各条信号电极线上触控信号变化的大小。这样， 随 着控制电路 143逐行向各行控制电极线输出开启信号， 信号侦测电路 142就逐行 的侦测通过有源器件单元与此行控制电极线相连接的感测电极单元上触控信号变 化的大小。  The touch excitation source 141 of the touch circuit 14 施加 applies a pulse square wave touch excitation signal with a frequency not less than ΙΟΚΗζ to the excitation electrode 134, and the touch signal on the excitation electrode 134 is transmitted to the capacitor between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode unit. Each of the sensing electrode units; the control circuit 143 of the touch control circuit 140 outputs the turn-on signal to the control electrode line of each row of the control electrode line group 132 in a scanning manner, and the active device unit connected to the row control electrode line having the turn-on signal In an on state, the active device unit connected to the row control electrode line without the turn-on signal is in an off state; as the control circuit 143 causes the active device unit on one row of the control electrode line to be in an on state, through the active device The touch signal on the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line of the unit flows into each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detecting circuit 142 of the touch circuit 140, or simultaneously detects, or is column by column Detecting the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line. Thus, as the control circuit 143 outputs an enable signal to each row of control electrode lines row by row, the signal detection circuit 142 detects the touch on the sensing electrode unit connected to the row of control electrode lines by the active device unit line by line. The size of the signal change.
当操作者的手指或其他触控物靠近或接触某感测电极单元时， 手指或其他触 控物与感测电极单元间形成耦合电容， 感测电极单元上的触控信号就会通过此耦 合电容部分泄漏出去； 信号侦测电路 142通过侦测各条信号电极线上触控信号变 化的大小， 就可找出触控信号变化最大的或触控信号变化超过某阈值的信号电极 线， 再根据此时开启有源器件单元的行控制电极线， 就可确定被触的感测电极单 元， 从而找出手指或其他触控物在触控基板 110上的位置。 有源触控系统 100成 为各个感测单元以相互独立地互电容的方式， 感测触控屏各感测电极单元上触控 情况的触控系统。  When an operator's finger or other touch object approaches or contacts a sensing electrode unit, a coupling capacitance is formed between the finger or other touch object and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit passes through the coupling. The capacitor portion is leaked out; the signal detecting circuit 142 can detect the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line, and can find the signal electrode line whose touch signal changes the most or the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold. According to the row control electrode line of the active device unit at this time, the touched sensing electrode unit can be determined to find the position of the finger or other touch object on the touch substrate 110. The active touch system 100 is a touch system that senses the touch conditions on the sensing electrode units of the touch screen in such a manner that the respective sensing units are mutually mutually capacitive.
触控电路 140根据各条列电极线上触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定列控制 电极线之间， 也就是不同列的感测电极单元之间的被触位置； 触控电路 140也可 以通过侦测同一条列电极线上不同时刻触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定不同行 信号电极线之间， 也就是不同行的感测电极单元之间的被触位置。 · The touch circuit 140 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, the sensing electrode units of different columns according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the column electrode lines; the touch circuit 140 can also Calculate and determine different rows by detecting the difference in touch signal changes at the same time on the same column electrode line Between the signal electrode lines, that is, the touched position between the sensing electrode units of different rows. ·
当操作者多支手指或整个手掌， 甚至多个操作者的手指或手掌分别触摸触控 基板 110的多个位置时，信号侦测电路 142就会在多个时刻的多条信号电极线上， 侦测到触控信号变化超过某阈值， 也就是侦测到多个被触的感测电极单元， 从而 找出多个手指分别在触控基板 110上的位置，甚至辨识出整个手掌的位置和形状。 有源触控系统 100也就成为可辨别多点的， 甚至是全点的触控系统。 具体实施方式二  When the operator touches a plurality of fingers or the entire palm, or even a plurality of operators' fingers or palms respectively touch a plurality of positions of the touch substrate 110, the signal detecting circuit 142 is on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. Detecting that the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detecting a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding a position of the plurality of fingers on the touch substrate 110, and even identifying the position of the entire palm and shape. The active touch system 100 also becomes a identifiable multi-point, even full-point touch system. Specific embodiment 2
如图 2所示的有源触控系统 200， 包括触控基板 210、 薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列 220、 触控电极、 触控电路 240等。 薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列 220和触控电极设置在 触控基板 210上。触控电极由感测电极阵列 231、两组相交的行控制电极线组 232 和列信号电极线组 233、 以及激励电极阵列 234组成， 各控制电极线和各信号电 极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离； 在每两条相邻的控制电极线和每两条相邻的信号电 极线所围成的区域内， 设置一个 " E"字型感测电极单元和一个 "反 E"字型激励 电极单元， 感测电极阵列 231和激励电极阵列 234处于同一层上都是透明 IT0电 极； 激励电极阵列 234各激励电极单元相互连接， 并与行控制电极线组 232和列 信号电极线组 233绝缘隔离。 触控基板 210是透明基板， 感测电极阵列 231、 行 控制电极线组 232和列信号电极线组 233、 激励电极阵列 234都设置在触控基板 210朝向使用者的触摸面上，在感测电极阵列 231、行控制电极线组 232和列信号 电极线组 233、 以及激励电极阵列 234之上再设置一层绝缘的保护外层。 触控电 路 240具有触控激励源 241、 信号侦测电路 242和控制电路 243。  The active touch system 200 shown in FIG. 2 includes a touch substrate 210, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 220, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 240, and the like. A thin film transistor (TFT) array 220 and a touch electrode are disposed on the touch substrate 210. The touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 231, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 232 and column signal electrode line groups 233, and an excitation electrode array 234, and each control electrode line and each signal electrode line intersect at an insulating layer. Isolation; in each of the two adjacent control electrode lines and each two adjacent signal electrode lines, an "E"-shaped sensing electrode unit and an "anti-E"-shaped excitation electrode are provided. The sensing electrode array 231 and the excitation electrode array 234 are on the same layer as transparent ITO electrodes; the excitation electrode arrays 234 are connected to each other and are insulated from the row control electrode group 232 and the column signal electrode group 233. . The touch substrate 210 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 231, the row control electrode line group 232, the column signal electrode line group 233, and the excitation electrode array 234 are all disposed on the touch surface of the touch substrate 210 facing the user, and are sensed. An electrode protective layer 231, a row control electrode line group 232 and a column signal electrode line group 233, and an excitation electrode array 234 are further provided with an insulating protective outer layer. The touch circuit 240 has a touch excitation source 241, a signal detection circuit 242, and a control circuit 243.
控制电极线组 232和信号电极线组 233的各控制电极线和各信号电极线， 分 别连接 TFT阵列 220的各 TFT的栅极和源极； 感测电极阵列 231的各感测电极单 元分别连接各 TFT的漏极； 信号电极线组 233各信号电极线连接触控电路 240中 的信号侦测电路 242; 控制电极线组 232各控制电极线连接触控电路 240中的控 制电路 243; 激励电极阵列 234连接触控电路 240中的触控激励源 241。  Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 232 and the signal electrode line group 233 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 220; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 231 are respectively connected The signal electrode line of the signal electrode line group 233 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 242 of the touch circuit 240; the control electrode line group 232 is connected to the control circuit 243 of the touch circuit 240; the excitation electrode The array 234 is connected to the touch excitation source 241 in the touch circuit 240.
触控电路 240的触控激励源 241向激励电极阵列 234施加频率不小于 ΙΟΚΗζ 的脉冲方波触控激励信号， 激励电极阵列 234各激励电极单元上的触控信号会通 过激励电极单元与感测电极单元间的耦合电容传送到各感测电极单元上； 触控电 路 240的控制电路 243以扫描方式， 逐行向控制电极线组 232各控制电极线输出 开启信号， 与有开启信号的控制电极线相连的 TFT处于导通状态， 与无开启信号 的控 电极线相连的 TFT处于截止状态； 随着控制电路 243每让一行控制电极线 上的 TFT处于导通状态， 通过有源器件单元与此行控制电极线相连接的感测电极 单元上的触控信号， 就会流入各条列信号电极线上； 触控电路 240的信号侦测电 路 242， 或同时侦测、 或逐列侦测与各条信号电极线相连接的各感测电极单元充 放电幅值的大小或充放电时间长短。 这样， 随着控制电路 243逐行向各控制电极 线输出开启信号， 信号侦测电路 242就逐行的侦测通过 TFT与此行控制电极线相 连接的感测电极单元充放电幅值的大小或充放电时间长短。 The touch excitation source 241 of the touch circuit 240 applies a pulse square wave touch excitation signal with a frequency not less than ΙΟΚΗζ to the excitation electrode array 234, and the touch signals on the excitation electrode units of the excitation electrode array 234 pass through the excitation electrode unit and sense. The coupling capacitance between the electrode units is transmitted to the sensing electrode units; the control circuit 243 of the touch circuit 240 outputs the control electrode lines to the control electrode line group 232 in a scanning manner. The turn-on signal, the TFT connected to the control electrode line having the turn-on signal is in an on state, and the TFT connected to the control electrode line having no turn-on signal is in an off state; as the control circuit 243 directs the TFT on a row of control electrode lines In the on state, the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit connected to the row of control electrode lines by the active device unit flows into each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detecting circuit 242 of the touch circuit 240, or At the same time, the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude or the length of the charge and discharge time of each of the sensing electrode units connected to each of the signal electrode lines is detected, or detected column by column. Thus, as the control circuit 243 outputs an enable signal to each control electrode line row by row, the signal detection circuit 242 detects the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude of the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line through the TFT line by line. Or the length of charge and discharge.
当非金属介电性触控物接触某感测电极单元时， 非金属介电性触控物与空气 介电系数的差别， 会改变激励电极单元与感测电极单元间的耦合电电容的容值； 信号侦测电路 242通过侦测与各条信号电极线相连接的各感测电极单元充放电幅 值的大小或充放电时间长短， 就可找出充放电幅值或充放电时间变化最大的或超 过某阈值的信号电极线， 再根据此时开启有源器件单元的行控制电极线， 就可确 定被触的感测电极单元， 再根据此时开启 TFT的控制电极线， 就可确定被触的感 测电极单元， 从而找出触控物在触控基板 210上的位置。 有源触控系统 200成为 各个感测单元以相互独立地互电容的方式， 感测触控屏各感测电极单元上触控情 况的触控系统。  When the non-metal dielectric touch object contacts a sensing electrode unit, the difference between the non-metal dielectric touch object and the air dielectric coefficient changes the capacitance of the coupling electrical capacitance between the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit. The signal detecting circuit 242 can detect the charging/discharging amplitude or the charging/discharging time maximum by detecting the magnitude of the charging and discharging amplitude or the length of the charging and discharging time of each sensing electrode unit connected to each signal electrode line. Or a signal electrode line exceeding a certain threshold value, and then according to the row control electrode line of the active device unit at this time, the touched sensing electrode unit can be determined, and then according to the control electrode line at which the TFT is turned on at this time, it can be determined The sensing electrode unit is touched to find the position of the touch object on the touch substrate 210. The active touch system 200 is a touch system that senses the touch conditions on the sensing electrode units of the touch screen in such a manner that the respective sensing units independently and mutually capacitively.
触控电路 240根据各条列电极线上触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定列控制 电极线之间， 也就是不同列的感测电极单元之间的被触位置； 触控电路 240也可 以通过侦测同一条列电极线上不同时刻触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定不同行 信号电极线之间， 也就是不同行的感测电极单元之间的被触位置。  The touch circuit 240 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, the sensing electrode units of different columns, according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit 240 can also By detecting the difference in the change of the touch signals at different times on the same column electrode line, it is calculated to determine the touched position between the signal electrode lines of different rows, that is, the sensing electrode units of different rows.
当操作者用多支非金属触控笔， 同时在触控基板 210上书写时， 信号侦测电 路 242就会在多个时刻的多条信号电极线上， 侦测到触控信号充放电特征变化超 过某阈值的感测电极单元， 也就是侦测到多个被触的感测电极单元， 从而找出多 支触控笔分别在触控基板 210上的位置。 有源触控系统 200也就成为可辨别多支 触控笔的触控系统。 具体实施方式三  When the operator uses a plurality of non-metal stylus pens to write on the touch substrate 210 at the same time, the signal detecting circuit 242 detects the charging and discharging characteristics of the touch signals on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. The sensing electrode unit that changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detects a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding the position of the plurality of styluses on the touch substrate 210. The active touch system 200 also becomes a touch system that can recognize multiple styluses. Embodiment 3
如图 3所示的有源触控系统 300， 包括触控基板 310、 薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列 320、 触控电极、 触控电路 340等。 薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列 320和触控电极设置在 触控基板 310上。触控电极由感测电极阵列 331、两组相交的行控制电极线组 332 和列信号电极线组 333、 以及线状激励电极阵列 334组成， 各控制电极线和各信 号电极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离； 在每两条相邻的控制电极线和每两条相邻的信 号电极线所围成的区域内， 设置一个感测电极单元和一个激励电极单元， 感测电 极阵列 331和激励电极阵列 334处于同一层上都是透明 IT0电极； 线状激励电极 阵列 334同一行的激励电极单元以连通线相互连接， 并与行控制电极线组 332和 列信号电极线组 333绝缘隔离。 触控基板 310是透明基板， 感测电极阵列 331、 行控制电极线组 332和列信号电极线组 333、 线状激励电极阵列 334都设置在触 控基板 310背向使用者的触摸面上。 触控电路 340具有触控激励源 341、 信号侦 测电路 342和控制电路 343。 The active touch system 300 shown in FIG. 3 includes a touch substrate 310, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 320, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 340, and the like. A thin film transistor (TFT) array 320 and a touch electrode are disposed at On the touch substrate 310. The touch electrodes are composed of a sensing electrode array 331, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 332 and column signal electrode line groups 333, and a linear excitation electrode array 334. The control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines intersect at an intersection. Layer isolation; in each of two adjacent control electrode lines and each two adjacent signal electrode lines, a sensing electrode unit and an excitation electrode unit, sensing electrode array 331 and excitation are disposed The electrode array 334 is a transparent ITO electrode on the same layer; the excitation electrode units of the same row of the linear excitation electrode array 334 are connected to each other by a communication line, and are insulated from the row control electrode line group 332 and the column signal electrode line group 333. The touch substrate 310 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 331, the row control electrode group 332, the column signal electrode group 333, and the linear excitation electrode array 334 are all disposed on the touch surface of the touch substrate 310 facing away from the user. The touch circuit 340 has a touch excitation source 341, a signal detection circuit 342, and a control circuit 343.
控制电极线组 332和信号电极线组 333的各控制电极线和各信号电极线， 分 别连接 TFT阵列 320的各 TFT的栅极和源极； 感测电极阵列 331的各感测电极单 元分别连接各 TFT的漏极； 信号电极线组 333各信号电极线连接触控电路 340中 的信号侦测电路 342; 控制电极线组 332各控制电极线连接触控电路 340中的控 制电路 343; 线状激励电极阵列 334各条行线激励电极单元连接触控电路 340中 的触控激励源 341。  Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 332 and the signal electrode line group 333 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 320; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 331 are respectively connected The signal electrode line of the signal electrode line group 333 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 342 of the touch circuit 340; the control electrode line group 332 is connected to the control circuit 343 of the touch circuit 340; Each of the row line excitation electrode units of the excitation electrode array 334 is connected to the touch excitation source 341 of the touch circuit 340.
触控电路 340的控制电路 343以扫描方式， 逐行向控制电极线组 332各控制 电极线输出开启信号， 与有开启信号的控制电极线相连的 TFT处于导通状态， 与 无开启信号的控制电极线相连的 TFT处于截止状态； 触控电路 340的触控激励源 341，与控制电路 343向各控制电极线输出开启信号的扫描同步，逐行向线状激励 电极阵列 334各条行线激励电极单元， 施加频率不小于 ΙΟΚΗζ的脉冲方波触控激 励信号， 同行的激励电极单元上的触控信号， 会通过激励电极单元与感测电极单 元间的电容传送到同行的各感测电极单元上； 随着控制电路 343每让一行控制电 ί及线上的 TFT处于导通状态， 通过有源器件单元与此行控制电极线相连接的感测 电极单元上的触控信号， 就会流入各条列信号电极线上； 触控电路 340的信号侦 测电路 342， 或同时侦测、 或逐列侦测与各条信号电极线相连接的各感测电极单 元充放电幅值的大小或充放电时间长短。 这样， 随着控制电路 343逐行向各控制 电极线输出开启信号， 信号侦测电路 342就逐行的侦测通过 TFT与此行控制电极 线相连接的感测电极单元充放电幅值的大小或充放电时间长短。  The control circuit 343 of the touch control circuit 340 outputs an ON signal to each control electrode line of the control electrode line group 332 in a scanning manner, and the TFT connected to the control electrode line having the ON signal is in an on state, and the control of the non-on signal is performed. The TFTs connected to the electrode lines are in an off state; the touch excitation source 341 of the touch circuit 340 and the control circuit 343 output the scan synchronization of the turn-on signals to the control electrode lines, and the row line excitation of the linear excitation electrode array 334 is performed row by row. The electrode unit applies a pulse square wave touch excitation signal with a frequency not less than ΙΟΚΗζ, and the touch signal on the excitation electrode unit of the same pair is transmitted to the sensing electrode units of the same by the capacitance between the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit. When the control circuit 343 makes a row of control TFTs and the TFTs on the line in an on state, the touch signals on the sensing electrode units connected to the control electrode lines through the active device unit will flow in. Each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detection circuit 342 of the touch circuit 340, or simultaneous detection, or column-by-column detection and each Each sensing electrode connected to the signal electrode line unit size or magnitude of the charge and discharge the charge and discharge time length. Thus, as the control circuit 343 outputs an enable signal to each control electrode line row by row, the signal detection circuit 342 detects the magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude of the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line through the TFT line by line. Or the length of charge and discharge.
当操作者的手指或其他触控物靠近或接触某感测电极单元时， 手指或其他触 控物与感测电极单元间形成耦合电容， 感测电极单元上的触控信号就会通过此耦 合电容部分泄漏出去； 信号侦测电路 342通过侦测与各条信号电极线相连接的各 感测电极单元充放电幅值的大小或充放电时间长短， 就可找出充放电幅值或充放 电时间变化最大的或超过某阈值的信号电极线， 再根据此时开启有源器件单元的 行控制电极线， 就可确定被触的感测电极单元， 再根据此时开启 TFT的控制电极 线， 就可确定被触的感测电极单元， 从而找出触控物在触控基板 310上的位置。 有源触控系统 300成为各个感测电极单元以相互独立地互电容的方式， 感测触控 屏各感测电极单元上触控情况的触控系统。 When the operator's finger or other touch object approaches or touches a sensing electrode unit, a finger or other touch A coupling capacitor is formed between the control and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit is partially leaked through the coupling capacitor; the signal detecting circuit 342 detects the senses connected to the signal electrode lines. The magnitude of the charge and discharge amplitude of the electrode unit or the length of the charge and discharge time can be used to find the signal electrode line whose charge/discharge amplitude or charge/discharge time changes the most or exceeds a certain threshold value, and then according to the line of the active device unit at this time. Control the electrode line to determine the touched sensing electrode unit, and then according to the control electrode line of the TFT at this time, the touched sensing electrode unit can be determined, thereby finding the touch object on the touch substrate 310. position. The active touch system 300 is a touch system that senses the touch conditions on the sensing electrode units of the touch screen in such a manner that the respective sensing electrode units are mutually mutually capacitive.
触控电路 340根据各条列电极线上触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定列控制 电极线之间， 也就是不同列的感测电极单元之间的被触位置； 触控电路 340也可 以通过侦测同一条列电极线上不同时刻触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定不同行 信号电极线之间， 也就是不同行的感测电极单元之间的被触位置。  The touch control circuit 340 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, between the sensing electrode units of different columns, according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit 340 can also By detecting the difference in the change of the touch signals at different times on the same column electrode line, it is calculated to determine the touched position between the signal electrode lines of different rows, that is, the sensing electrode units of different rows.
当操作者多支手指或整个手掌， 甚至多个操作者的手指或手掌分别触摸触控 基板 310的多个位置时，信号侦测电路 342就会在多个时刻的多条信号电极线上， 侦测到触控信号变化超过某阈值， 也就是侦测到多个被触的感测电极单元， 从而 找出多个手指分别在触控基板 310上的位置，甚至辨识出整个手掌的位置和形状。 有源触控系统 300也就成为可辨别多点的， 甚至是全点的触控系统。 具体实施方式四  When the operator touches a plurality of fingers or the entire palm, or even a plurality of operators' fingers or palms respectively touch a plurality of positions of the touch substrate 310, the signal detecting circuit 342 is on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. Detecting that the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detecting a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding a position of the plurality of fingers on the touch substrate 310, and even identifying the position of the entire palm and shape. The active touch system 300 also becomes a identifiable multi-point, even full-point touch system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
如图 4所示的有源触控系统 400， 包括触控基板 410、 薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列 The active touch system 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a touch substrate 410 and a thin film transistor (TFT) array.
420、 触控电极、 触控电路 440和显示屏 450等。 薄膜晶体管（TFT)阵列 420和触 控电极设置在触控基板 410上。 触控电极由感测电极阵列 431、 两组相交的行控 制电极线组 432和列信号电极线组 433、 激励电极阵列 434、 以及屏蔽电极 435 组成， 各控制电极线和各信号电极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离； 在每两条相邻的控 制电极线和每两条相邻的信号电极线所围成的区域内， 设置一个感测电极单元和 一个激励电极单元， 感测电极阵列 431和激励电极阵列 434处于同一层上都是透 明 IT0电极； 激励电极阵列 434各激励电极单元相互连接， 并与行控制电极线组 432和列信号电极线组 433绝缘隔离； 在触控基板 410背向使用者一侧， 与感测 电极阵列 431、 行控制电极线组 432、 列信号电极线组 433和激励电极阵列 434 的不同层上， 设置面状的屏蔽电极 435， 防止显示屏 450内的电信号对感测电极 阵列 431和信号电极 433上触控信号的影响； 屏蔽电极 435与 TFT阵列 420以及 其他电极都以绝缘层相隔离。 触控基板 410是透明基板， 感测电极阵列 431、 行 控制电极线组 432和列信号电极线组 433、激励电极阵列 434、屏蔽电极 435都设 置在触控基板 410背向使用者的非触摸面上。触控电路 440具有触控激励源 441、 信号侦测电路 442、 控制电路 443和屏蔽信号输出端 444。 420, a touch electrode, a touch circuit 440, a display screen 450, and the like. A thin film transistor (TFT) array 420 and a touch electrode are disposed on the touch substrate 410. The touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 431, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 432 and column signal electrode line groups 433, an excitation electrode array 434, and a shielding electrode 435, and each control electrode line and each signal electrode line intersect. An insulating layer is isolated; a sensing electrode unit and an excitation electrode unit are disposed in a region surrounded by each two adjacent control electrode lines and each two adjacent signal electrode lines, and the sensing electrode array 431 is provided. The excitation electrode array 434 is on the same layer as the transparent IT0 electrode; the excitation electrode array 434 is connected to each other and is insulated from the row control electrode group 432 and the column signal electrode group 433; On the user side, on the different layers of the sensing electrode array 431, the row control electrode line group 432, the column signal electrode line group 433, and the excitation electrode array 434, a planar shielding electrode 435 is disposed to prevent the display panel 450 from being Electrical signal to sensing electrode The influence of the touch signals on the array 431 and the signal electrode 433; the shield electrode 435 and the TFT array 420 and other electrodes are separated by an insulating layer. The touch substrate 410 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 431, the row control electrode line group 432 and the column signal electrode line group 433, the excitation electrode array 434, and the shielding electrode 435 are all disposed on the touch substrate 410 facing away from the user. On the surface. The touch circuit 440 has a touch excitation source 441, a signal detection circuit 442, a control circuit 443, and a mask signal output terminal 444.
控制电极线组 432和信号电极线组 433的各控制电极线和各信号电极线， 分 别连接 TFT阵列 420的各 TFT的栅极和源极； 感测电极阵列 431的各感测电极单 元分别连接各 TFT的漏极； 信号电极线组 433各信号电极线连接触控电路 440中 的信号侦测电路 442; 控制电极线组 432各控制电极线连接触控电路 440中的控 制电路 443;激励电极阵列 434连接触控电路 440中的触控激励源 441 ;屏蔽电极 435连接触控电路 440的屏蔽信号输出端 444。  Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 432 and the signal electrode line group 433 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 420; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 431 are respectively connected The signal electrode line of the signal electrode line group 433 is connected to the signal detecting circuit 442 of the touch circuit 440; the control electrode line group 432 is connected to the control circuit 443 of the touch circuit 440; the excitation electrode The array 434 is connected to the touch excitation source 441 of the touch circuit 440; the shield electrode 435 is connected to the shield signal output end 444 of the touch circuit 440.
触控电路 440的触控激励源 441向激励电极阵列 434施加频率不小于 ΙΟΚΗζ 的交流触控激励信号， 激励电极阵列 434各激励电极单元上的触控信号会通过激 励电极单元与感测电极单元间的电容传送到各感测电极单元上； 触控电路 440的 控制电路 443以扫描方式，逐行向控制电极线组 432各控制电极线输出开启信号， 与有开启信号的控制电极线相连的 TFT处于导通状态， 与无开启信号的控制电极 线相连的 TFT处于截止状态； 随着控制电路 443每让一行控制电极线上的 TFT处 于导通状态， 通过 TFT与此行控制电极线相连接的感测电极单元上的触控信号， 就会流入各条列信号电极线上； 触控电路 440的信号侦测电路 442, 或同时侦测、 或逐列侦测各条信号电极线上触控信号变化的大小。 这样， 随着控制电路 443逐 行向各控制电极线输出开启信号， 信号侦测电路 442就逐行的侦测通过 TFT与此 行控制电极线相连接的感测电极单元上触控信号变化的大小。  The touch excitation source 441 of the touch circuit 440 applies an AC touch excitation signal having a frequency of not less than ΙΟΚΗζ to the excitation electrode array 434, and the touch signals on the excitation electrode units of the excitation electrode array 434 pass through the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit. The capacitance between the touch electrodes 440 is transmitted to the control electrode lines of the control electrode line group 432 in a scanning manner, and is connected to the control electrode lines having the turn-on signals. The TFT is in an on state, and the TFT connected to the control electrode line without the turn-on signal is in an off state; and the control circuit 443 is connected to the control electrode line through the TFT every time the TFT on the control electrode line is turned on. The touch signal on the sensing electrode unit flows into each of the column signal electrode lines; the signal detecting circuit 442 of the touch circuit 440 detects the line electrode of each signal at the same time, or detects it one by one. The size of the control signal changes. Thus, as the control circuit 443 outputs an enable signal to each control electrode line row by row, the signal detection circuit 442 detects the change of the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit connected to the control electrode line through the TFT line by line. size.
当操作者的手指或其他触控物靠近或接触某感测电极单元时， 手指或其他触 控物与感测电极单元间形成耦合电容， 感测电极单元上的触控信号就会通过此耦 合电容部分泄漏出去； 由于设置了屏蔽电极 435， 显示器内的电信号也不会对感 测电极阵列 431、信号电极线组 433和激励电极阵列 434上的触控信号产生影响。 信号侦测电路 442通过侦测各条信号电极线上触控信号变化的大小， 就可找出触 控信号变化最大的或触控信号变化超过某阈值的信号电极线， 再根据此时开启 TFT 的控制电极线， 就可确定被触的感测电极单元； 从而找出手指或其他触控物 在触控基板 410上的位置。 有源触控系统 400成为各个感测电极单元以相互独立 地互电容的方式， 感测触控屏各感测电极单元上触控情况的触控系统。 When an operator's finger or other touch object approaches or contacts a sensing electrode unit, a coupling capacitance is formed between the finger or other touch object and the sensing electrode unit, and the touch signal on the sensing electrode unit passes through the coupling. The capacitor portion leaks out; since the shield electrode 435 is provided, the electrical signals in the display do not affect the touch signals on the sensing electrode array 431, the signal electrode group 433, and the excitation electrode array 434. The signal detecting circuit 442 can detect the change of the touch signal on each signal electrode line, and can find the signal electrode line whose touch signal changes the most or the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, and then turns on the TFT according to the current time. The control electrode line can determine the touched sensing electrode unit; thereby finding the position of the finger or other touch object on the touch substrate 410. The active touch system 400 becomes each sensing electrode unit independently of each other The mutual mutual capacitance method is a touch system for sensing the touch condition on each sensing electrode unit of the touch screen.
触控电路 440根据各条列电极线上触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定列控制 电极线之间， 也就是不同列的感测电极单元之间的被触位置； 触控电路 440也可 以通过侦测同一条列电极线上不同时刻触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定不同行 信号电极线之间， 也就是不同行的感测电极单元之间的被触位置。  The touch control circuit 440 calculates the touched position between the column control electrode lines, that is, the sensing electrode units of different columns, according to the difference of the touch signal changes on the respective column electrode lines; the touch circuit 440 can also By detecting the difference in the change of the touch signals at different times on the same column electrode line, it is calculated to determine the touched position between the signal electrode lines of different rows, that is, the sensing electrode units of different rows.
当操作者多支手指或或整个手掌， 甚至多个操作者的手指或手掌分别触摸触 控基板 410的多个位置时， 信号侦测电路 442就会在多个时刻的多条信号电极线 上， 侦测到触控信号变化超过某阈值， 也就是侦测到多个被触的感测电极单元， 从而找出多个手指分别在触控基板 410上的位置， 甚至辨识出整个手掌的位置和 形状。 有源触控系统 400也就成为可辨别多点的， 甚至是全点的触控系统。 具体实施方式五  When the operator touches a plurality of fingers or the entire palm, or even a plurality of operators' fingers or palms respectively touch a plurality of positions of the touch substrate 410, the signal detecting circuit 442 is on a plurality of signal electrode lines at a plurality of times. Detecting that the touch signal changes beyond a certain threshold, that is, detecting a plurality of touched sensing electrode units, thereby finding a position of the plurality of fingers on the touch substrate 410, and even identifying the position of the entire palm. And shape. The active touch system 400 also becomes a identifiable multi-point, even full-point touch system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
如图 5所示的有源触控屏 500，包括触控基板 510、薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列 520 和触控电极等。 TFT阵列 520和触控电极设置在触控基板 510上。 触控电极由感 测电极阵列 531、两组相交的行控制电极线组 532和列信号电极线组 533、以及激 励电极 534组成， 各控制电极线和各信号电极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离； 控制电 极线组 532和信号电极线组 533的各控制电极线和各信号电极线， 分别连接 TFT 阵列 520的各 TFT的栅极和源极； 感测电极阵列 531的各感测电极单元分别连接 各 TFT的漏极； 激励电极 534是覆盖所有感测电极单元的面状透明 IT0电极。 触 控基板 510是透明基板， 感测电极阵列 531的各感测电极单元是透明 IT0电极， 行控制电极线组 532和列信号电极线组 533是不透明的金属电极线。  The active touch screen 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes a touch substrate 510, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 520, and a touch electrode. The TFT array 520 and the touch electrodes are disposed on the touch substrate 510. The touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 531, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 532 and column signal electrode line groups 533, and an excitation electrode 534. The control electrode lines and the signal electrode lines are separated by an insulating layer. Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the control electrode line group 532 and the signal electrode line group 533 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 520; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 531 are respectively The drains of the respective TFTs are connected; the excitation electrodes 534 are planar transparent ITO electrodes covering all of the sensing electrode units. The touch control substrate 510 is a transparent substrate, and each of the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 531 is a transparent IT0 electrode, and the row control electrode line group 532 and the column signal electrode line group 533 are opaque metal electrode lines.
为了在有源触控屏 500与显示屏重叠使用时， 防止不透明的行电极线和列电 极线、 以及透明的感测电极边缘对显示效果的影响； 让行电极线和列电极线在有 效触控区域都呈折线， 折线上两相邻直线的夹角大于 20° 小于 160° ， 行电极线 和列电极线相交并无重叠部分； 让透明的感测电极单元的边缘形状是跟随相邻的 两条行电极线和相邻的两条列电极线所围成的多边形。 行控制电极线组 532和列 信号电极线组 533在他们的交叉处， 通过 TFT阵列 520中的 TFT和感测电极阵列 531中的感测电极单元相连接。 有源触控屏 500在与显示屏组合使用， 不透明的 行电极线组 532和列电极线组 533中的倾斜线段不会与显示屏中不透明的显示行 列电极形成衍射条紋； 透明的感测电极 531的折线边缘不会与显示屏中透明的显 示像素电极形成衍射或干涉条紋； 尽可能地避免了对显示质量的影响。 具体实施方式六 In order to prevent the opaque row electrode line and the column electrode line, and the transparent sensing electrode edge from affecting the display effect when the active touch screen 500 is overlapped with the display screen, the row electrode line and the column electrode line are effectively touched. The control area is a fold line. The angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line is greater than 20° and less than 160°. The intersection of the row electrode line and the column electrode line does not overlap; the edge shape of the transparent sensing electrode unit is followed by the adjacent A polygon surrounded by two row electrode lines and two adjacent column electrode lines. The row control electrode line group 532 and the column signal electrode line group 533 are connected at their intersections through the TFTs in the TFT array 520 and the sensing electrode units in the sensing electrode array 531. The active touch screen 500 is used in combination with the display screen, and the oblique line segments in the opaque row electrode group 532 and the column electrode group 533 do not form diffraction stripes with the opaque display row electrodes in the display screen; transparent sensing The edge of the fold line of the electrode 531 is not transparent to the display The pixel electrode is shown to form diffraction or interference fringes; the effect on display quality is avoided as much as possible. Specific Embodiment 6
如图 6所示的有源触控屏 600，包括触控基板 610、薄膜晶体管（TFT)阵列 620 和触控电极等。 TFT阵列 620和触控电极设置在触控基板 610上。 触控电极由感 测电极阵列 631、两组相交的行控制电极线组 632和列信号电极线组 633、以及激 励电极阵列 634组成， 各控制电极线和各信号电极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离； 在 每两条相邻的控制电极线和每两条相邻的信号电极线所围成的区域内， 设置一个 感测电极单元和一个激励电极单元； 控制电极线组 632和信号电极线组 633的各 控制电极线和各信号电极线， 分别连接 TFT阵列 620的各 TFT的栅极和源极； 感 测电极阵列 631的各感测电极单元分别连接各 TFT的漏极； 激励电极阵列 634各 激励电极单元相互连接， 并与行控制电极线组 632和列信号电极线组 633绝缘隔 离。 触控基板 610是透明基板， 感测电极阵列 631和激励电极阵列 634都是透明 IT0电极， 行控制电极线组 632和列信号电极线组 633也是透明 IT0电极线。  The active touch screen 600 shown in FIG. 6 includes a touch substrate 610, a thin film transistor (TFT) array 620, and a touch electrode. The TFT array 620 and the touch electrodes are disposed on the touch substrate 610. The touch electrode is composed of a sensing electrode array 631, two sets of intersecting row control electrode line groups 632 and column signal electrode line groups 633, and an excitation electrode array 634, and each control electrode line and each signal electrode line intersect at an insulating layer. Isolating; in each of two adjacent control electrode lines and each two adjacent signal electrode lines, a sensing electrode unit and an excitation electrode unit are provided; the control electrode line group 632 and the signal electrode line Each control electrode line and each signal electrode line of the group 633 are respectively connected to the gate and the source of each TFT of the TFT array 620; the sensing electrode units of the sensing electrode array 631 are respectively connected to the drains of the TFTs; Each of the excitation electrode units 634 is connected to each other and insulated from the row control electrode line group 632 and the column signal electrode line group 633. The touch substrate 610 is a transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode array 631 and the excitation electrode array 634 are both transparent IT0 electrodes, and the row control electrode line group 632 and the column signal electrode line group 633 are also transparent IT0 electrode lines.
为了在有源触控屏 600与显示屏重叠使用时， 防止透明的行电极线边缘和列 电极线边缘、 以及透明的感测电极边缘对显示效果的影响； 让行电极线和列电极 线在有效触控区域都呈折线， 折线上两相邻直线的夹角大于 20° 小于 160° ， 行 电极线和列电极线相交并无重叠部分； 让透明的感测电极单元的边缘形状是跟随 相邻的两条行电极线和相邻的两条列电极线所围成的多边形。 行控制电极线组 632和列信号电极线组 633在他们的交叉处， 通过 TFT阵列 620中的 TFT和感测 电极阵列 631中的感测电极单元相连接。 有源触控屏 600在与显示屏组合使用， 不透明的行电极线组 632和列电极线组 633中的倾斜线段不会与显示屏中不透明 的显示行列电极形成衍射或干涉条纹； 透明的感测电极 631的折线边缘不会与显 示屏中透明的显示像素电极形成衍射或干涉条纹； 尽可能地避免了对显示质量的 影响。 以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明， 不能 认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。 对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术 人员来说， 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下， 还可以做出若干简单推演或替换， 都 应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。  In order to prevent the transparent row electrode line edge and the column electrode line edge, and the transparent sensing electrode edge from affecting the display effect when the active touch screen 600 is overlapped with the display screen, the row electrode line and the column electrode line are The effective touch areas are all broken lines. The angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line is greater than 20° and less than 160°. The intersection of the row electrode lines and the column electrode lines does not overlap; the edge shape of the transparent sensing electrode unit is the following phase. A polygon surrounded by two adjacent row electrode lines and two adjacent column electrode lines. The row control electrode line group 632 and the column signal electrode line group 633 are connected at their intersections through the TFTs in the TFT array 620 and the sensing electrode units in the sensing electrode array 631. The active touch screen 600 is used in combination with the display screen, and the oblique line segments in the opaque row electrode group 632 and the column electrode group 633 do not form diffraction or interference fringes with the opaque display row electrodes in the display screen; The edge of the fold line of the measuring electrode 631 does not form diffraction or interference fringes with the transparent display pixel electrode in the display screen; the influence on the display quality is avoided as much as possible. The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments. It is not intended that the specific embodiments of the invention are limited to the description. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be construed as being limited to the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1、 一种互容式有源触控系统， 由触控基板、 触控电极和触控电路等组成， 触控 电极具有感测电极、 控制电极、 信号电极和激励电极， 触控电路具有触控激励源、 信号侦测电路和控制电路， 触控电极用于侦测操作者手指或其他触控物在触控基板 上的位置； 其特征在于： A mutual capacitive active touch system, comprising a touch substrate, a touch electrode and a touch circuit, wherein the touch electrode has a sensing electrode, a control electrode, a signal electrode and an excitation electrode, and the touch circuit has a touch The control excitation source, the signal detection circuit and the control circuit, the touch electrode is used for detecting the position of the operator's finger or other touch object on the touch substrate; and the feature is:
触控基板上制备有阵列排布的有源器件单元、 阵列排布的感测电极单元、 不少 于两组相交的控制电极线和信号电极线、 以及激励电极， 各控制电极线和各信号电 极线相交处有绝缘层相隔离， 激励电极与各感测电极单元、 各控制电极线、 各信号 电极线间相互绝缘隔离； 感测电极单元连接有源器件单元， 有源器件单元连接控制 电极线和信号电极线； 激励电极连接触控电路中的触控激励源， 触控激励源对激励 电极施加触控激励信号， 信号电极线连接触控电路中的信号侦测电路， 控制电极线 连接触控电路中的控制电路； 触控电路通过控制电极线控制有源器件阵列上有源器 件单元的导通状态， 在部分有源器件单元处于导通态时， 信号侦测电路侦测信号电 极线上触控信号的变化， 来确定触控点的位置。  An active device unit arranged in an array, a sensing electrode unit arranged in an array, no less than two sets of intersecting control electrode lines and signal electrode lines, and excitation electrodes, control electrode lines and signals are prepared on the touch substrate The electrode lines are separated by an insulating layer, and the excitation electrodes are insulated from each of the sensing electrode units, the control electrode lines, and the signal electrode lines; the sensing electrode unit is connected to the active device unit, and the active device unit is connected to the control electrode. a line and a signal electrode line; the excitation electrode is connected to the touch excitation source in the touch circuit, the touch excitation source applies a touch excitation signal to the excitation electrode, the signal electrode line is connected to the signal detection circuit in the touch circuit, and the control electrode line is connected a control circuit in the contact control circuit; the touch circuit controls the conduction state of the active device unit on the active device array by controlling the electrode line, and the signal detection circuit detects the signal electrode when part of the active device unit is in an on state The change of the touch signal on the line determines the position of the touch point.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于- 所述有源器件阵列中的有源器件单元内具有一个或多个有源元件。  2. A mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1 wherein - the active device unit in the active device array has one or more active components therein.
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  3. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述有源器件阵列中的有源器件单元是薄膜晶体管 (TFT)阵列，控制电极线和信 号电极线分别连接 TFT的栅极和源极， TFT的漏极连接感测电极单元。  The active device unit in the active device array is a thin film transistor (TFT) array, the control electrode line and the signal electrode line are respectively connected to the gate and the source of the TFT, and the drain of the TFT is connected to the sensing electrode unit.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  4. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述激励电极可以是条状电极组， 也可以是块状电极， 也可以是其他形状的电 极。  The excitation electrode may be a strip electrode group, a block electrode, or an electrode of other shapes.
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  5. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述激励电极是相互连接的阵列排布的激励电极单元， 所述激励电极单元处于 两条相邻的控制电极线和两条相邻的信号电极线所围成的区域内。  The excitation electrodes are excitation electrode units arranged in an array connected to each other, and the excitation electrode units are in a region surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines.
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于： 所述激励电极与触控操作面处于所述感测电极单元的不同侧， 激励电极与部分 或全部的感测电极单元具有重叠的部分。  The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the excitation electrode and the touch operation surface are on different sides of the sensing electrode unit, and the excitation electrode is partially or completely The sensing electrode unit has overlapping portions.
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于： ' 在两条相邻的控制电极线和两条相邻的信号电极线所围成的区域内， 所述激励 电极单元与所述感测电极单元具有不重叠的部分。 7. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 5, wherein: In a region surrounded by two adjacent control electrode lines and two adjacent signal electrode lines, the excitation electrode unit and the sensing electrode unit have portions that do not overlap.
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  8. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
在触控基板设置有屏蔽电极， 屏蔽电极与其他电极以及有源器件阵列都以绝缘 5 层相隔离。  A shielding electrode is disposed on the touch substrate, and the shielding electrode is isolated from the other electrodes and the active device array by five layers of insulation.
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  9. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述触控基板是挠性的或硬性的透明基板， 所述感测电极单元是透明电极。  The touch substrate is a flexible or rigid transparent substrate, and the sensing electrode unit is a transparent electrode.
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于- 所述控制电极线或信号电极线是透明电极。 10. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein the control electrode line or the signal electrode line is a transparent electrode.
10 11、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  10 . The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1 , wherein:
所述控制电极线或信号电极线具有折线段， 折线段上两相邻直线的夹角大于 20 ° 小于 160° 。  The control electrode line or the signal electrode line has a fold line segment, and the angle between two adjacent straight lines on the fold line segment is greater than 20 ° and less than 160 °.
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  12. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述触控电路对激励电极所施加的触控激励信号频率不小于 10KHz。 The touch excitation signal applied to the excitation electrode by the touch circuit has a frequency of not less than 10 kHz.
5 13、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述信号侦测电路侦测信号电极线上触控信号的变化， 是通过信号电极线侦测 其所连接感测电极单元充电或放电的幅值特征或时间特征。  The signal detecting circuit detects the change of the touch signal on the signal electrode line, and detects the amplitude characteristic or time characteristic of charging or discharging of the connected sensing electrode unit through the signal electrode line.
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  14. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述信号侦测电路侦测信号电极线上触控信号的变化， 是通过信号电极线侦测 0 - 其所连接感测电极单元漏电流的幅值特征或相位特征。  The signal detecting circuit detects the change of the touch signal on the signal electrode line, and detects the amplitude characteristic or phase characteristic of the leakage current of the sensing electrode unit connected to the signal electrode line.
15、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  15. The mutual capacitive active touch system according to claim 1, wherein:
所述信号侦测电路侦测信号电极线上触控信号的变化， 是侦测触控信号的变化 量或触控信号的变化率。  The signal detecting circuit detects the change of the touch signal on the signal electrode line, and detects the change of the touch signal or the rate of change of the touch signal.
16、 根据权利要求 1所述的有源触控系统， 其特征在于： 16. The active touch system of claim 1 wherein:
5 所述触控电路以信号侦测电路侦测到触控信号变化达到触控定位条件的列电极 线为被触信号电极线， 以对应于信号侦测电路侦测到触控信号变化达到触控定位条 件的信号电极线时， 与其相连接的 TFT单元处于导通状态的行电极线为被触控制电 极线;所述触控基板上的被触点是被触控制电极线和被触信号电极线共同连接的 TFT 单元所连接的感测电极单元的位置。 The touch-control circuit detects the change of the touch signal by the signal detecting circuit to reach the touch-positioning condition of the column electrode line as the touched signal electrode line, so as to correspond to the signal detecting circuit detecting the change of the touch signal to reach the touch When the signal electrode line of the positioning condition is controlled, the row electrode line of the TFT unit connected to the connected state is the touched control electrode line; the contacted contact on the touch substrate is the touched control electrode line and the touched signal The position of the sensing electrode unit to which the TFT unit to which the electrode lines are connected is connected.
0 17、 根据权利要求 16所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于： 所述触控定位条件是触控信号变化量或触控信号变化率最大的， 或是触控信号 变化量或触控信号变化率超过某设定阈值的， 或是触控信号变化量或触控信号变化 率最大并超过某设定阈值的。 The mutual capacitive active touch system of claim 16 is characterized in that: The touch positioning condition is that the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate is the largest, or the touch signal change amount or the touch signal change rate exceeds a certain set threshold, or the touch signal change amount or touch The rate of change of the control signal is the largest and exceeds a certain threshold.
18、 根据权利要求 1所述的互容式有源触控系统， 其特征在于：  18. The mutual capacitive active touch system of claim 1 wherein:
触控电路通过侦测各条列电极线上触控信号变化的差别， 来计算确定列电极线 之间的被触位置； 触控电路通过侦测同一条列电极线上不同时刻触控信号变化的差 另 lj， 来计算确定行电极线之间的被触位置。  The touch circuit calculates the touched position between the column electrode lines by detecting the difference of the touch signal changes on the column electrode lines; the touch circuit detects the change of the touch signal at different times on the same column electrode line. The difference is further calculated to determine the touched position between the row electrode lines.
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