WO2013060194A1 - 一种全光学高压电压互感器 - Google Patents
一种全光学高压电压互感器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013060194A1 WO2013060194A1 PCT/CN2012/080854 CN2012080854W WO2013060194A1 WO 2013060194 A1 WO2013060194 A1 WO 2013060194A1 CN 2012080854 W CN2012080854 W CN 2012080854W WO 2013060194 A1 WO2013060194 A1 WO 2013060194A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
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- the invention belongs to the field of voltage transformers, and in particular relates to an all-optical high voltage voltage transformer structure. Background technique
- the voltage transformer plays a very important role in the power system. It is one of the basic test equipments that are indispensable for power system monitoring.
- the primary side of the voltage transformer is connected to the primary system (for example: high-voltage line), the secondary side is connected to the measuring instrument, and the relay protection device is used.
- voltage transformers are mainly electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic (such as: electronic, photoelectric), the most widely used is the traditional electromagnetic induction voltage transformer, in some ultra-high voltage fields also used capacitor voltage divider voltage Transformer.
- This kind of traditional voltage transformer has increasingly exposed its shortcomings in the safe operation of power systems, improving the accuracy of energy measurement and improving the automation of power systems: for example, it is difficult to insulate under high voltage and ultra high voltage, and the insulation structure is complex;
- the transformer connected to the power grid is equivalent to a nonlinear inductive load. Under certain conditions, it may have ferromagnetic resonance with the system capacitance, and there is ferromagnetic saturation and ferromagnetic resonance, which leads to waveform distortion and large linear error.
- the transformer is filled with oil, and there is a potential danger of explosion; it is bulky and has amazing quality.
- some optical voltage transformers which have good insulation performance compared with the conventional electromagnetic voltage transformers, although the signal has optical signal transmission; the iron core is not affected by electromagnetic interference, and there is no iron. Hysteresis caused by magnetic resonance, magnetic saturation and large inductance; measuring frequency bandwidth, large dynamic range, and the advantages of closed-loop control without open circuit leading to high voltage.
- the isolation on the high and low voltage sides increases the length of the optical path, introduces optical path noise and interference; since there is no effective insulation of the high and low voltage side structures, if directly exposed to air Medium or insulation treatment is not appropriate, not only has safety hazards, but also measurement structure deviation due to external interference; In addition, the structure of the photoelectric unit can be made more compact and the operation is more convenient. Summary of the invention
- the object of the present invention is to provide an all-optical high-voltage voltage transformer capable of achieving high isolation on the high and low voltage sides, high safety, strong anti-interference ability, simple structure and convenient operation.
- An all-optical high-voltage voltage transformer comprising a sensing unit on a high voltage side and a photovoltaic unit on a low voltage side, wherein the sensing unit and the photoelectric unit are connected by a polarization maintaining fiber, and is characterized in that:
- the sensing unit includes a high voltage sensing device, a shielding insulating device and a sensing head, and the high voltage sensing device senses a high voltage potential from a high voltage line and forms a stable electric field in the shielding insulating device, and the sensing head is placed in the electric field;
- the photoelectric unit includes an optical path portion and a circuit portion disposed in the secondary chassis;
- the light emitted from the light source is divided into two orthogonal linearly polarized lights through the optical path and transmitted to the sensing head through the polarization maintaining fiber; the sensing head passes the two linearly polarized light through the sensing head under the action of the electric field After the phase difference is generated, after the two linearly polarized lights pass through the sensing head again, the total phase difference is 2 ⁇ , and the vibration directions of the two linearly polarized lights are respectively rotated by 90° to realize the mode interchange; The two linearly polarized lights returned by the sensing head are transmitted back to the optical path portion through the polarization maintaining fiber for interference, and then the circuit portion detects the interference light intensity signal and performs signal processing to form a digital signal output.
- the high-voltage induction device comprises a metal guiding rod and a pressure equalizing ball
- the metal guiding rod induces a high-voltage potential from the high-voltage line, and extends a lower portion of the metal guiding rod carrying the high-voltage potential into the shielding insulating device, wherein the metal guiding rod The lower end is provided with a pressure equalizing ball.
- the shielding insulation device comprises a sealed cylindrical shielding device, and the shielding device is internally filled with SF 6 gas for insulation.
- the sensing head comprises a collimating lens, a Faraday rotator and an electro-optic crystal, and two opposite faces of the Faraday rotator are respectively bonded to a light incident surface of the collimating lens and the electro-optical crystal, on the electro-optic crystal, and The other surface opposite to the light incident surface is plated with a reflective film, and the upper and lower end faces of the electro-optic crystal are respectively mounted with electrodes.
- the polarization maintaining fiber and the sensing head are made of an insulating material, and the sensing head is placed on one side of the metal guiding rod.
- the two orthogonal linearly polarized lights pass through the Faraday rotator, their polarization directions are rotated by 45°.
- two orthogonal linearly polarized lights obtained by the optical path portion in the secondary chassis are respectively transmitted along the X-axis and the Y-axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber, and after 45° Faraday rotator, the polarization directions of the two beams are all in the same direction. After being rotated by 45°, it is incident on the electro-optic crystal.
- the electro-optical crystal generates a linear electro-optical effect under the action of the electric field, causing a phase difference between the two linearly polarized lights.
- the two beams are reflected by the reflective film disposed on the end face of the electro-optic crystal, the two beams are After passing through the electro-optic crystal, the phase difference is doubled, that is, the total phase difference is 2 ⁇ , and after passing through the Faraday rotator, the polarization directions of the two beams are rotated by 45° on the basis of the previous rotation, that is, the two beams are rotated respectively.
- the linearly polarized light originally transmitted along the X-axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber is transmitted along the paraxial axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber, and the linearly polarized light originally transmitted along the axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber becomes the X-axis along the polarization-maintaining fiber. Transmission, that is, the exchange of two light modes is realized.
- phase difference generated by the two linearly polarized lights wherein ⁇ is the length of the electro-optic crystal in the direction of light propagation, is the thickness of the electro-optic crystal in the direction of the applied electric field, "is the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal, ⁇ is an electro-optic crystal of The electro-optic coefficient is the voltage applied to the electro-optic crystal.
- the optical path portion comprises a light source, a coupler I, a Y-waveguide modulator and a coupler II, and light emitted from the light source is coupled to the Y-waveguide modulator through the coupler I, and is divided into Y-waveguide modulators.
- Two orthogonal linearly polarized lights which are coupled by the coupler II and enter the polarization-maintaining fiber and transmitted to the sensing head; after passing through the sensing head, the two beams carrying the information of the voltage to be measured are further along the polarization maintaining The fiber returns, coupled by the coupler II, and interferes at the Y-waveguide modulator. After the interference, the interfering light intensity signal is coupled via the coupler I, and then enters the circuit portion for signal processing.
- circuit part comprises:
- a photodetector for detecting an interference light intensity signal emitted by the optical path portion, and converting the signal into an analog voltage signal, and sending the signal to an analog to digital converter;
- the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog voltage signal into a discrete digital signal and sends it to the digital signal processing unit; the digital-to-analog converter converts the digital staircase wave generated by the digital signal processing unit into an analog staircase wave;
- a driving circuit that drives an Y-waveguide modulator that simulates a step wave applied to the optical path portion;
- the digital signal processing unit is configured to perform data demodulation on the digital signal, and generate a step wave step height by an integral control algorithm, and accumulate to form a digital staircase wave, and send it to a digital-to-analog converter to convert into an analog step wave, and drive the circuit
- the Y-waveguide modulator applied to the optical path portion implements closed-loop control; the digital signal processing unit is further configured to generate a modulated square wave, which is converted into an analog square wave by a square wave driving circuit, and then superimposed with the analog staircase wave And then applied to the Y-waveguide of the optical path portion; the digital signal processing unit is further configured to smooth-filter the digital signal to form a digital signal output.
- the digital signal processing unit includes a digital signal processor (hereinafter referred to as DSP) and a field programmable gate array (hereinafter referred to as FPGA).
- DSP digital signal processor
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- the transformer of the invention adopts an optical component as a sensing head on the high voltage side, and the photoelectric unit is placed on the low voltage side in the secondary chassis, and the signal is transmitted through the polarization maintaining optical fiber in the middle, so that the insulation structure is greatly simplified, and the high and low voltage are realized.
- the complete isolation of the side has the advantages of high safety, small size, light weight, etc., and is easy to realize network and digitization; and there is no iron core in the transformer, and there are no problems such as magnetic saturation and ferromagnetic resonance.
- the shielding device of the invention adopts SF 6 gas as the insulating medium, and does not cause fire, explosion and the like; the sensing head and the polarization maintaining optical fiber are both made of insulating material and small in size, so that the insulating structure is greatly simplified, and the realization is high, Complete isolation on the low pressure side for high safety.
- the sensing head of the invention is mainly formed by integrating a Faraday rotator and an electro-optic crystal, which is small in size and light in weight, and is convenient for field use. In addition, by using a reflective film on one side of the electro-optic crystal, the reflective film is utilized. Reflective light The optical rotation effect of the road and the Faraday rotator achieves the reciprocity of the optical path in the transformer, which makes the optical path have higher anti-interference ability. 4.
- the photoelectric unit of the invention has the advantages of wide frequency response, large dynamic range, fast response speed, digital output, high measurement accuracy and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an all-optical high voltage voltage transformer of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sensing head
- Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the optical path portion
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the circuit portion
- 1-polarization fiber 2-metal guide, 3-pressure ball, 4-shield, 5-Faraday rotator, 6-electro-optic crystal, 7-reflection film, 8-electrode, 9-second Chassis, 10-source, 11-coupler I, 12-Y waveguide modulator, 13-coupler II, 14-photodetector, 15-analog converter, 16-digital signal processing unit, 17-digital to analog converter , 18-drive circuit, 19-high voltage line, 20-sensor head, 21-collimator lens, 22-square wave drive circuit.
- the all-optical high-voltage voltage transformer of the present invention is mainly composed of three parts: a sensing unit located on the high voltage side, a photoelectric unit located on the low voltage side, and a polarization maintaining optical fiber connecting the sensing unit and the photoelectric unit.
- the sensing unit includes a high voltage sensing device, a shielding insulating device, and a sensing head.
- the high-voltage induction device includes a metal guide rod 2 and a pressure equalizing ball 3.
- the shield insulation device includes a sealed cylindrical shield device 4 and SF 6 gas charged into the shield device for insulation.
- the metal guiding rod 2 induces a high voltage potential from the high voltage line 18, and the lower part of the metal guiding rod 1 carrying the high voltage potential is inserted into the shielding device 4.
- the lower end of the metal guiding rod is equipped with a pressure equalizing ball 3, and the shielding device is filled with SF 6 gas for insulation. A stable electric field will be generated inside the enclosed space.
- the sensing head is fixed on one side of the metal guiding rod 2 located inside the shielding device.
- the sensing head is mainly composed of a collimating lens 21, a Faraday rotator 5 and an electro-optical crystal 6, and two of the Faraday rotator 5
- the opposite faces are respectively bonded to the front end surface of the collimator lens 21 and the electro-optical crystal 6 (ie, the light incident surface), and the reflective film 7 is plated on the electroluminescent substrate on the rear end surface opposite to the front end surface, and the electro-optical crystal 6 is on the upper surface.
- the lower end faces are respectively provided with electrodes 8.
- the electrode 8 of the electro-optic crystal induces a potential in the electric field and adopts lateral modulation, that is, the direction of the electric field applied to the electro-optic crystal 6 is perpendicular to the direction of light propagation.
- the working principle of the sensing head is: two orthogonal linearly polarized lights obtained from the optical path portion of the secondary chassis 9 are respectively transmitted along the X-axis and the Y-axis of the polarization maintaining fiber, and after passing through the 45 ° Faraday rotator 5, The polarization directions of the two beams are all rotated through 45 degrees in the same direction.
- the two beams of light outgoing light crystal 6 pass through the Faraday rotator 5 again, according to the non-reciprocity of the Faraday effect, the two beams
- the direction of vibration is further rotated by 45 degrees in the previous direction of rotation, so that they each rotate by 90 degrees.
- the light originally propagating along the X-axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber becomes propagating along the Y-axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber, which is originally along the polarization-maintaining fiber.
- the light propagating in the Y-axis is propagated along the X-axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber, and the mode is interchanged.
- the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 is transmitted back, and the optical path portion and the circuit portion of the secondary chassis 9 acquire the interference light of the two beams. Strong detection and signal processing. Due to the two beams of interference, the X-axis and Y-axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber are respectively passed during the optical path transmission, but only slightly different in time, so returning to photo-detection An optical-optical crystal carries only phase modulation information thereof.
- the photovoltaic unit on the low voltage side includes an optical path portion and a circuit portion placed in the secondary chassis 9.
- the optical path portion is mainly composed of a light source 10, a coupler 1 11, a Y-waveguide modulator 12, and a coupler II 13.
- the working principle is as follows: The light emitted by the light source 10 passes through the coupler I 11 and enters the Y-waveguide modulator 12.
- the Y-waveguide modulator also known as the integrated optical phase modulator, is a multifunctional device consisting of a Y-beam splitter and The two phase modulators are used, and the Y-waveguide modulator can make the mechanism of the optical path portion more compact, reduce the volume of the secondary chassis, and operate more conveniently.
- the light entering the Y-waveguide is split into two beams by the Y-beam splitter and modulated into two orthogonal linearly polarized lights by two phase modulators.
- the two bundles of linearly polarized light enter the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 through the coupler II 13 , transmitted to the sensor head along the two transmission modes of the polarization maintaining fiber 1.
- the two linearly polarized lights carrying the voltage information to be tested return along the original optical path, interference occurs at the Y-waveguide modulator 12, and then coupled into the photodetector 14 of the circuit portion by the coupler 11 and Signal processing is performed in the circuit section.
- the circuit portion is mainly composed of a photoelectric converter 14, an analog-to-digital converter 15, a digital signal processing unit 16, a digital-to-analog converter 17, and a corresponding driving circuit 18.
- the signal processing process is: the photodetector 14 detects the interference light intensity signal carrying the voltage information to be tested from the optical path portion, and converts the signal into a voltage signal, and then transmits the signal to the analog-to-digital converter 15 to convert the voltage signal into discrete signals.
- the digital signal is sent to a digital signal processing unit 16, which is implemented by a DSP and an FPGA.
- the FPGA demodulates the discrete digital signal, integrates the demodulation result, generates the stepped step height, and then accumulates to form a digital staircase wave, which is sent to the digital-to-analog converter 17 to be converted into an analog staircase wave, and is driven by the driving circuit 18.
- the Y-waveguide modulator 12 applied to the optical path portion realizes closed-loop control; the FPGA also generates a modulated square wave, which is converted into an analog square wave by the square wave drive circuit 22, and superimposes the analog square wave with the analog staircase wave, and applies it to The Y-waveguide modulator 12; in addition, the DSP smoothes the demodulated data of the FPGA, and the digital signal is output by the FPGA.
- the measuring device indirectly measures the voltage information to be measured, that is, the electric field size, by measuring the output digital signals of the two beams.
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Abstract
提供了一种全光学高压电压互感器,其包括位于高压侧的高压感应装置、屏蔽绝缘装置和传感头和位于低压侧的光电单元。从光源(10)发出的光经过光路部分分成两束正交的线偏振光,并通过保偏光纤(1)传至传感头;传感头在电场的作用下,使两束线偏振光产生相位差,并且两束线偏振光的振动方向分别旋转90°,实现其模式互换;从所述传感头返回的两束线偏振光通过保偏光纤(1)传回至光路部分进行干涉,再由电路部分探测干涉光强信号并进行信号处理后,形成数字信号输出。
Description
一种全光学高压电压互感器 技术领域
本发明属于电压互感器领域, 具体涉及一种全光学高压电压互感器结构。 背景技术
随着科学技术的发展, 越来越多的电力系统需要处于高压或特高压环境中, 如果通过人 为测量其电压信号是非常不安全的, 所以电压互感器在电力系统中有着非常重要的作用, 是 电力系统监测不可缺少的基本测试设备之一, 通常将电压互感器的一次侧连接一次系统 (例 如: 高压线), 二次侧连接测量仪表, 继电保护设备等等。 目前, 电压互感器主要有电磁式和 非电磁式(如: 电子式、 光电式), 最广泛应用的是传统的电磁感应式电压互感器, 在一些超 高压领域也用到了电容分压式电压互感器。 随着电力需求的增长, 对电能质量要求的不断提 高, 电力系统正向着超高压、 大容量的趋势发展。 这种传统的电压互感器在电力系统的安全 运行、 提高电能测量的准确度和提高电力系统自动化程度方面日益暴露出它的缺点: 如, 高 压和超高压情况下绝缘困难, 绝缘结构复杂; 跨接在电网中的互感器相当于一个非线性感性 负载, 在一定条件下, 它与系统电容作用有可能发生铁磁共振, 存在铁磁饱和、 铁磁谐振现 象, 从而导致波形失真, 线性误差大; 互感器体内充油, 存在爆炸的潜在危险; 体积庞大, 质量惊人等缺陷。
现有技术中, 也公开了一些光学电压互感器, 其与传统电磁式电压互感器相比虽然具有 信号采用光信号传输, 其绝缘性能好; 不含铁芯, 受电磁干扰影响小, 没有铁磁共振、 磁饱 和及大电感引起的滞后现象; 测量频带宽, 动态范围大, 采用闭环控制无开路导致高压的危 险等优点。 但由于其结构缺陷, 还存在诸多问题: 例如, 高低压侧的隔离使得传光光路长度 增大, 引入了光路噪声和干扰; 由于没有对高、 低压侧结构进行有效绝缘, 如果直接暴露在 空气中或绝缘处理不得当, 不但存在安全隐患, 还会由于外界干扰, 造成测量结构偏差; 此 外, 可以通过结构改进使光电单元的结构更为紧凑, 操作更方便。 发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷, 本发明的目的在于提出一种能够实现高、 低压侧彻底隔 离、 安全性高、 抗干扰能力强、 结构简单、 方便操作的全光学高压电压互感器。
本发明的全光学高压电压互感器是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种全光学高压电压互感器, 该互感器包括位于高压侧的传感单元和位于低压侧的光电 单元, 所述传感单元和光电单元通过保偏光纤相连接, 其特征在于:
所述传感单元, 包括高压感应装置、 屏蔽绝缘装置和传感头, 所述高压感应装置从高压 线感应高压电势并在屏蔽绝缘装置中形成稳定电场, 所述传感头置于该电场中;
所述光电单元, 包括置于二次机箱中的光路部分和电路部分;
从光源发出的光经过光路部分分成两束正交的线偏振光、 并通过保偏光纤传至传感头; 所述传感头在电场的作用下, 使两束线偏振光通过传感头后产生相位差 ^, 两束线偏振光经 反射再次通过传感头后, 总相位差为 2 ^, 并且两束线偏振光的振动方向分别旋转 90°, 实现 其模式互换; 从所述传感头返回的两束线偏振光通过保偏光纤传回至光路部分进行干涉, 再 由电路部分探测干涉光强信号并进行信号处理后, 形成数字信号输出。
其中,所述高压感应装置包括金属导杆和均压球,所述金属导杆从高压线感应高压电势, 将载有高压电势的金属导杆下部伸入屏蔽绝缘装置内, 所述金属导杆的下端设有均压球。
其中, 所述屏蔽绝缘装置包括密封的圆柱形屏蔽装置, 所述屏蔽装置内部填充有 SF6气 体进行绝缘。
其中, 所述传感头包括准直透镜、 法拉第旋光镜和电光晶体, 所述法拉第旋光镜的两个 相对面分别粘结在准直透镜和电光晶体的光入射面, 在电光晶体上、 与光入射面相对的另一 面上镀有反射膜, 所述电光晶体的上、 下端面分别安装有电极。
其中, 所述保偏光纤和传感头采用绝缘材料制成, 所述传感头置于金属导杆的一侧。 其中, 所述两束正交的线偏振光每次经过法拉第旋光镜时, 其偏振方向均旋转 45°。 其中, 由二次机箱中的光路部分得到的两束正交的线偏振光分别沿保偏光纤的 X轴和 Y 轴传输, 经过 45°法拉第旋光镜, 两束光的偏振方向均朝同一方向旋转 45°后入射到电光晶体 中, 电光晶体在电场作用下产生线性电光效应, 使两束线偏振光产生相位差 当两束光被 设置于电光晶体端面上的反射膜反射后, 两束光再经过电光晶体, 相位差加倍, 即总相位差 为 2 φ , 再经过法拉第旋光镜, 两束光的偏振方向沿在前次旋转后的基础上再旋转 45°, 即两 束光各自旋转了 90°; 此时, 最初沿保偏光纤 X轴传输的线偏振光变为沿保偏光纤的 Υ轴传 输, 最初沿保偏光纤 Υ轴传输的线偏振光变为沿保偏光纤的 X轴传输, 即实现了两束光模式 的互换。
π I
φ = ηη γ,Α]
其中, 所述两束线偏振光产生的相位差 , 其中, Ζ是光传播方向上电光晶 体的长度, 是外加电场方向上电光晶体的厚度, "。是电光晶体的折射率, ^是电光晶体的
电光系数, 是加在电光晶体上的电压。
其中, 所述光路部分包括光源、耦合器 I、 Y波导调制器和耦合器 II, 从所述光源发出的 光经过藕合器 I耦合后进入 Y波导调制器, 在 Y波导调制器中被分成两束正交的线偏振光, 这两束光经过耦合器 II耦合后进入保偏光纤并传至传感头; 经过传感头之后, 携带有待测电 压信息的两束光再沿保偏光纤返回, 经过耦合器 II耦合, 在 Y波导调制器处发生干涉, 经过 干涉后的干涉光强信号经由耦合器 I耦合后, 进入电路部分进行信号处理。
其中, 所述电路部分包括:
光电探测器,用于探测光路部分发出的干涉光强信号、并将该信号转换为模拟电压信号, 送至模数转换器;
模数转换器, 将模拟电压信号转换为离散的数字量信号后送入数字信号处理单元; 数模转换器, 将数字信号处理单元产生的数字阶梯波转换为模拟阶梯波;
驱动电路, 驱动模拟阶梯波施加给光路部分的 Y波导调制器; 以及
数字信号处理单元, 用于对数字量信号进行数据解调, 通过积分控制算法, 产生阶梯波 台阶高度, 经过累加形成数字阶梯波, 并送至数字模拟转换器转换为模拟阶梯波, 经过驱动 电路施加给光路部分的 Y波导调制器, 实现闭环控制; 所述数字信号处理单元还用于产生调 制方波, 该调制方波经过方波驱动电路转换成模拟方波, 再与模拟阶梯波进行叠加, 然后施 加给光路部分的 Y波导调制器;所述数字信号处理单元还用于对数字量信号进行平滑滤波后, 形成数字信号输出。
其中, 所述数字信号处理单元包括数字信号处理器 (以下简称 DSP)和现场可编程门阵 列 (以下简称 FPGA)。
本发明的有益效果在于-
1、本发明的互感器采用光学元件作为高压侧的传感头,将光电单元置于二次机箱中位于 低压侧, 中间通过保偏光纤传输信号, 使绝缘结构大大简化, 实现了高、低压侧的彻底隔离, 具有安全性高、 体积小、 重量轻等优点, 容易实现网络化和数字化; 并且互感器中没有铁芯, 不存在磁饱和、 铁磁谐振等问题。
2、 本发明的屏蔽装置中采用 SF6气体作为绝缘介质, 不会引起火灾、 爆炸等危险; 传感 头与保偏光纤都采用绝缘材料且体积小, 使绝缘结构大大简化, 实现了高、 低压侧的彻底隔 离, 安全性高。
3、本发明的传感头主要是通过法拉第旋光镜和电光晶体集成在一起构成的, 体积小、重 量轻, 便于现场使用, 此外通过在电光晶体的一个侧面镀反射膜, 利用该反射膜的反射式光
路和法拉第旋光镜的旋光效应实现了互感器中光路的互易性,使光路具有较高的抗干扰能力。 4、 本发明的光电单元具有频率响应宽、 动态范围大、 响应速度快、 数字输出、 测量精度 高等优点。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的全光学高压电压互感器的结构示意图;
图 2是传感头的结构示意图;
图 3是光路部分的结构原理示意图;
图 4是电路部分的结构原理示意图;
图中, 1-保偏光纤, 2-金属导杆, 3-均压球, 4-屏蔽装置, 5-法拉第旋光镜, 6-电光晶体, 7-反射膜, 8-电极, 9-二次机箱, 10-光源, 11-耦合器 I, 12-Y波导调制器, 13-耦合器 II, 14- 光电探测器, 15-模数转换器, 16-数字信号处理单元, 17-数模转换器, 18-驱动电路, 19-高 压线, 20-传感头, 21-准直透镜, 22-方波驱动电路。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的全光学高压互感器做进一步详细的说明。
本发明的全光学高压电压互感器主要由三部分组成: 位于高压侧的传感单元、 位于低压 侧的光电单元以及连接传感单元和光电单元的保偏光纤。
如图 1所示, 传感单元包括高压感应装置、 屏蔽绝缘装置和传感头。
高压感应装置包括金属导杆 2和均压球 3, 屏蔽绝缘装置包括密封的圆柱形屏蔽装置 4 和充入屏蔽装置内进行绝缘的 SF6气体。金属导杆 2从高压线 18感应高压电势, 将载有高压 电势的金属导杆 1下部伸入屏蔽装置 4内, 金属导杆的下端安装有均压球 3, 屏蔽装置内充 SF6气体进行绝缘, 封闭空间内部将产生稳定电场。
将传感头固定在位于屏蔽装置内部的金属导杆 2的一侧, 如图 2所示, 传感头主要由准 直透镜 21、 法拉第旋光镜 5和电光晶体 6, 法拉第旋光镜 5的两个相对面分别粘结在准直透 镜 21和电光晶体 6的前端面 (即光入射面), 在电光晶体上、 与前端面相对的后端面上镀有 反射膜 7,电光晶体 6的上、下端面分别安装有电极 8。电光晶体的电极 8感应电场中的电势, 并采用横向调制, 即施加在电光晶体 6上的电场方向与光传播方向垂直。 该传感头的工作原 理为: 由二次机箱 9中的光路部分得到的两束正交的线偏振光分别沿保偏光纤的 X轴和 Y轴 传输, 经过 45 ° 法拉第旋光镜 5后, 两束光的偏振方向都朝同一个方向转过 45度。 接着它 们入射到电光晶体 6中, 电光晶体在外电场作用下产生电光效应, 使两束光产生一定的相位
差 ^ 。其中 , / 是光传播方向上晶体的长度, 是外加电场方向上晶体的厚度, "。 是晶体的折射率, 是晶体的电光系数, 是加在晶体上的电压。 被反射膜 7反射后, 两束 光再次经过电光晶体 6, 相位差加倍, 即总相位差为 2 ^。 这两束光出电光晶体 6后又一次经 过法拉第旋光镜 5, 根据法拉第效应的非互易性, 两束光的振动方向沿之前的旋转方向再旋 转 45度, 这样它们各自旋转了 90度。 此时, 原来沿保偏光纤 X轴传播的光变为沿保偏光纤 的 Y轴传播,原来沿保偏光纤 Y轴传播的光变为沿保偏光纤的 X轴传播, 实现了模式的互换。 再由保偏光纤 1传输回来, 二次机箱 9中的光路部分和电路部分获取两束光的干涉光强并进 行探测和信号处理。 由于发生干涉的两束光, 在光路传输过程中, 分别都经过了保偏光纤的 X轴和 Y轴, 只是在时间上略有差别, 因此返回光电探测器的光只携带了电光晶体对它们的 相位调制信息。
位于低压侧的光电单元, 包括置于二次机箱 9中的光路部分和电路部分。
如图 3所示, 光路部分主要由光源 10、 耦合器 1 11、 Y波导调制器 12和耦合器 II 13组 成。 工作原理为: 光源 10发出的光经过耦合器 I 11后进入 Y波导调制器 12, Y波导调制器 也称为集成光学相位调制器,是一种多功能器件, 由一个 Y型分束器和两个相位调制器组成, 采用该 Y波导调制器可以使光路部分的机构更紧凑, 减小二次机箱体积, 操作更方便。 进入 Y波导的光被 Y型分束器分成两束光, 并经两个相位调制器调制成两束正交的线偏振光, 这 两束线偏振光经过耦合器 II 13进入保偏光纤 1, 沿着保偏光纤 1的两个传输模式传输至传感 头。 经过传感头之后, 携带了待测电压信息的两束线偏振光沿原光路返回, 在 Y波导调制器 12处发生干涉,然后由耦合器 1 11耦合进电路部分的光电探测器 14,并在电路部分进行信号 处理。
如图 4所示, 电路部分主要由光电转换器 14、 模数转换器 15、 数字信号处理单元 16、 数模 转换器 17及相应驱动电路 18组成。信号处理过程为: 光电探测器 14探测来自光路部分的携 带有待测电压信息的干涉光强信号、并将该信号转换为电压信号后,传给模数转换器 15将电 压信号转换为离散的数字量信号, 送入数字信号处理单元 16, 该单元由 DSP和 FPGA实现。 FPGA将离散的数字量信号进行解调, 并对解调结果进行积分, 产生阶梯波台阶高度, 再经 过累加形成数字阶梯波, 送至数模转换器 17转换为模拟阶梯波, 经过驱动电路 18施加给光 路部分的 Y波导调制器 12, 实现闭环控制; FPGA还产生调制方波, 通过方波驱动电路 22 转换成模拟方波,并将该模拟方波与上述模拟阶梯波叠加后,施加给 Y波导调制器 12;此外, DSP对 FPGA的解调数据进行平滑滤波, 由 FPGA形成数字信号输出。 之后, 便可利用现有
的测量设备通过测量两束光的输出数字信号, 来间接测得待测电压信息, 即电场大小。 以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制,尽管本领域的技术人员 阅读本申请后, 参照上述实施例对本发明进行种种修改或变更, 但这些修改和变更, 均在申 请待批本发明的权利申请要求保护范围之内。
Claims
1、一种全光学高压电压互感器,该互感器包括位于高压侧的传感单元和位于低压侧的光 电单元, 所述传感单元和光电单元通过保偏光纤 (1 ) 相连接, 其特征在于:
所述传感单元, 包括高压感应装置、 屏蔽绝缘装置和传感头, 所述高压感应装置从高压 线感应高压电势并在屏蔽绝缘装置中形成稳定电场, 所述传感头置于该电场中;
所述光电单元, 包括置于二次机箱 (9) 中的光路部分和电路部分;
从光源发出的光经过光路部分分成两束正交的线偏振光、 并通过保偏光纤传至传感头; 所述传感头在电场的作用下, 使两束线偏振光通过传感头后产生相位差 ^, 两束线偏振光经 反射再次通过传感头后, 总相位差为 2 p, 并且两束线偏振光的振动方向分别旋转 90°, 实现 其模式互换; 从所述传感头返回的两束线偏振光通过保偏光纤传回至光路部分进行干涉, 再 由电路部分探测干涉光强信号并进行信号处理后, 形成数字信号输出。
2、如权利要求 1所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述高压感应装置包括金 属导杆(2)和均压球(3 ), 所述金属导杆从高压线感应高压电势, 将载有高压电势的金属导 杆 (2) 下部伸入屏蔽绝缘装置内, 所述金属导杆的下端设有均压球 (3 )。
3、如权利要求 1或 2所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述屏蔽绝缘装置包 括密封的圆柱形屏蔽装置 (4), 所述屏蔽装置 (4) 内部填充有 8?6气体进行绝缘。
4、如权利要求 1所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述传感头包括准直透镜 (21 )、 法拉第旋光镜 (5 )和电光晶体(6), 所述法拉第旋光镜 (5 ) 的两个相对面分别粘结 在准直透镜(21 )和电光晶体(6) 的光入射面, 在电光晶体上、 与光入射面相对的另一面上 镀有反射膜 (7), 所述电光晶体 (6) 的上、 下端面分别安装有电极 (8)。
5、如权利要求 4所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述保偏光纤和传感头采 用绝缘材料制成, 所述传感头置于金属导杆 (2) 的一侧。
6、如权利要求 4所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述两束正交的线偏振光 每次经过法拉第旋光镜 (5 ) 时, 其偏振方向均旋转 45°。
7、 如权利要求 4所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 由二次机箱 (9) 中的光 路部分得到的两束正交的线偏振光分别沿保偏光纤的 X轴和 Y轴传输, 经过 45°法拉第旋光 镜 (5), 两束光的偏振方向均朝同一方向旋转 45°后入射到电光晶体 (6) 中, 电光晶体在电 场作用下产生线性电光效应, 使两束线偏振光产生相位差 当两束光被设置于电光晶体端 面上的反射膜 (7) 反射后, 两束光再经过电光晶体, 相位差加倍, 即总相位差为 2 ^, 再经 过法拉第旋光镜(5 ),两束光的偏振方向沿在前次旋转后的基础上再旋转 45°, 即两束光各自 旋转了 90°; 此时, 最初沿保偏光纤 X轴传输的线偏振光变为沿保偏光纤的 Y轴传输, 最初 沿保偏光纤 Y轴传输的线偏振光变为沿保偏光纤的 X轴传输, 即实现了两束光模式的互换。
8、 如权利要求 1或 7所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于:
π I 3
φ = η() γ,Χ]
所述两束线偏振光产生的相位差 d 其中, 7是光传播方向上电光晶体的长度, 是外加电场方向上电光晶体的厚度, "。是 电光晶体的折射率, 是电光晶体的电光系数, 是加在电光晶体上的电压。
9、 如权利要求 1 所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述光路部分包括光源 ( 10)、 耦合器 I ( 11 )、 Y波导调制器 (12)和耦合器 II ( 13 ), 从所述光源 (10) 发出的光 经过耦合器 I ( 11 )耦合后进入 Y波导调制器(12), 在 Y波导调制器中被分成两束正交的线 偏振光, 这两束光经过耦合器 II ( 13 )耦合后进入保偏光纤 (1 ) 并传至传感头; 经过传感头 之后, 携带有待测电压信息的两束光再沿保偏光纤返回, 经过耦合器 II ( 13 ) 耦合, 在 Y波 导调制器(12)处发生干涉, 经过干涉后的干涉光强信号经由耦合器 I ( 11 )耦合后, 进入电 路部分进行信号处理。
10、 如权利要求 1或 9所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述电路部分包括 光电探测器(14), 用于探测光路部分发出的干涉光强信号、并将该信号转换为模拟电压 信号, 送至模数转换器 (15 );
模数转换器 (15 ), 将模拟电压信号转换为离散的数字量信号后送入数字信号处理单元
( 15 );
数模转换器 (17), 将数字信号处理单元产生的数字阶梯波转换为模拟阶梯波; 驱动电路 (18), 驱动模拟阶梯波施加给光路部分的 Y波导调制器 (12); 以及 数字信号处理单元(16), 用于对数字量信号进行数据解调, 通过积分处理后, 产生阶梯 波台阶高度, 经过累加形成数字阶梯波, 并送至数字模拟转换器 (17) 转换为模拟阶梯波, 经过驱动电路 (18)施加给光路部分的 Y波导调制器 (12), 实现闭环控制; 所述数字信号 处理单元(16)还用于产生调制方波, 该调制方波经过方波驱动电路(22)转换成模拟方波, 再与模拟阶梯波进行叠加, 然后施加给光路部分的 Y波导调制器 (12); 所述数字信号处理 单元 (16)还用于对数字量信号进行平滑滤波后, 形成数字信号输出。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的全光学高压电压互感器, 其特征在于: 所述数字信号处理单元
( 16)包括数字信号处理器 (DSP)和现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA)。
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| CN107144717A (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-09-08 | 湾世伟 | 纳米材料介电屏蔽型电子式光学电压互感器 |
| CN107271747A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-10-20 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | 一种光学电压互感器改进装置 |
| CN110554229B (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-10-01 | 北京航天时代光电科技有限公司 | 新型非介入式全光纤互易型电压电场传感器 |
| CN111751595B (zh) * | 2020-06-01 | 2023-03-24 | 贵州江源电力建设有限公司 | 一种小型化光纤电压传感器及信息处理系统 |
| CN112684236A (zh) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-20 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | 一种电压互感器 |
| CN118393202A (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-07-26 | 北京率为机电科技有限公司 | 一种采用集成光收发组件的光纤电压互感器 |
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| CN121541112A (zh) * | 2026-01-21 | 2026-02-17 | 湖南师范大学 | 硅光集成式磁光传感芯片及其制造方法 |
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| CN102426279B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
| CN102426279A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
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