WO2013059793A1 - Agents de soutènement poreux - Google Patents

Agents de soutènement poreux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013059793A1
WO2013059793A1 PCT/US2012/061329 US2012061329W WO2013059793A1 WO 2013059793 A1 WO2013059793 A1 WO 2013059793A1 US 2012061329 W US2012061329 W US 2012061329W WO 2013059793 A1 WO2013059793 A1 WO 2013059793A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
proppant
porous
less
psi
specific gravity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/061329
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English (en)
Inventor
Steve Rohring
Original Assignee
Melior Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Melior Technology, Inc. filed Critical Melior Technology, Inc.
Priority to CA2852973A priority Critical patent/CA2852973A1/fr
Priority to RU2014120518/03A priority patent/RU2014120518A/ru
Priority to AU2012325773A priority patent/AU2012325773A1/en
Priority to MX2014004760A priority patent/MX2014004760A/es
Priority to BR112014009463A priority patent/BR112014009463A2/pt
Publication of WO2013059793A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013059793A1/fr
Priority to ZA2014/02794A priority patent/ZA201402794B/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to porous proppants for use in hydraulic fracturing, and methods of making and using these.
  • Hydraulic fracturing is a common stimulation technique used to enhance production of fluids from subterranean formations.
  • fracturing treatment fluid containing a proppant material is injected into the formation at a pressure sufficiently high enough to cause the formation or enlargement of fractures in the reservoir.
  • Proppant material remains in the fracture after the treatment is completed, where it serves to hold the fracture open, thereby enhancing the ability of fluids to migrate from the formation to the well bore through the fracture.
  • proppants Many different materials have been used as proppants including sand, glass beads, walnut hulls, and metal shot.
  • Sand-based proppants are commonly used due to the low cost of sand.
  • these proppants cannot often be used at depths where pressures are greater than about 2500 psi.
  • the relatively recent rise of use of hydraulic fracturing, often referred to as fracking, has presented a need for proppants having increased crush strengths.
  • crush strength and density Two important properties of proppants are crush strength and density. High crush strength can be desirable for use in deeper fractures where pressures are greater, e.g., greater than about 2500 psi. As the relative strength of the various materials increases, so too have the respective particle densities. Proppants having higher densities can be more costly to use, for example due to transportation costs. Accordingly, there is a need for ultra-lightweight proppants having increased crush strength.
  • Ceramic ultra-lightweight porous proppants can be cost-effective for use in hydraulic fracturing operations.
  • Silicon carbide and silicon nitride can advantageously provide a high degree of strength while having sufficient porosity to remain lightweight and facilitate fluid transport.
  • Oxycarbides and oxynitrides of silicon are also suitable lightweight proppant materials.
  • a porous proppant has a generally spherical shape with a particle diameter between 100 and 2,000 microns, median pore sizes between 1 and 50 microns, and a porosity between 10 and 70% of the total spherical volume.
  • each porous proppant individually can form a proppant pack that has a crush strength of at least 2,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.0 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 4,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.3 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 6,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.6 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 8,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.8 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 10,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 2.0 g/cc or less; or a crush strength of at least 12,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 2.2 g/cc or less.
  • each porous proppant individually can form a proppant pack that produces 10% or less fines in a crush test.
  • the porous particles can include silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof.
  • the porous particles can include 90% or greater silicon carbide.
  • the porous particles can have a sphericity of 0.91 or greater, or 0.95 or greater.
  • the porous particles can have a roundness of 0.91 or greater, or 0.95 or greater.
  • a composition in another aspect, includes a plurality of particles including silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof, forming a porous proppant having a generally spherical shape with a particle diameter between 100 and 2,000 microns, median pore sizes between 1 and 50 microns, and a porosity between 10 and 70% of the total spherical volume.
  • each porous proppant individually can form a proppant pack that has a crush strength of at least 2,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.0 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 4,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.3 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 6,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.6 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 8,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 1.8 g/cc or less; a crush strength of at least 10,000 psi and a an apparent specific gravity of 2.0 g/cc or less; or a crush strength of at least 12,000 psi and an apparent specific gravity of 2.2 g/cc or less.
  • each porous proppant individually can form a proppant pack that produces 10% or less fines in a crush test.
  • particles can have a sphericity of 0.91 or greater, or 0.95 or greater.
  • the particles can have a roundness of 0.91 or greater, or 0.95 or greater.
  • a method of using a composition of claim 15, comprising injecting the composition into a hydrofracture.
  • a method of making a porous proppant includes heating a composition including a carbon source and a silicon source between 10 and 70% porosity of the total proppant volume thereby forming a porous silicon carbide proppant.
  • the porous silicon carbide proppant can have a particle diameter between 100 and 2,000 microns, median pore sizes between 1 and 50 microns, and a porosity between 10 and 70% of the total spherical volume.
  • FIGS. 1-2 are SEM images of a porous proppant.
  • FIGS. 3A-3B show results of short term conductivity and permeability testing of porous proppants.
  • FIGS. 4A-4B show results of long term conductivity and permeability testing of a porous proppant.
  • the first and most important level is conductivity. This determines the performance of the well. Permeability and other related flow terminology is associated with conductivity. It is well known that strength and porosity of the proppant pack are primary factors in determining conductivity. Accordingly, proppants providing enhanced well performance, e.g., proppants having increased strength and/or porosity, are desirable.
  • a proppant pack must be strong in compression and not produce fines that will plug the pores of the proppant pack in the well. When proppants are crushed they produce small fractions called fines that can reduce well performance. Therefore strong, porous proppant packs are most desirable for conductivity.
  • a third level of importance is proppant density. Although density does not affect conductivity once a proppant pack is in place, a less dense proppant can be delivered further into the well before settling. Lighter proppants flow with water, brine or other fluid mediums to allow deeper penetration into the well.
  • Fourth-level attributes that contribute to higher level important attributes include, but are not limited to: primary material composition; secondary material composition; necking size of primary material composite grains with itself or secondary composition; sintered grain size of primary material composition; porosity volume - total volume in the proppant; pore size; pore shape; open vs. closed pores; sphericity/roundness; proppant particle size (e.g., sphere diameter); proppant particle size distribution; nature of size distribution (e.g., bi-modal, single mode size distribution, or other).
  • a desirable proppant is one that has low density yet high compressive strength.
  • the failure mode of proppant packs typically involves fracturing of individual proppants, under well formation pressure, thus producing smaller proppant particles (fines).
  • the plugging failure mode results from fines produced from proppant crushing yielding in poorer conductivity when more fines are produced.
  • Porous proppant 100 can be generally spherical, ovoid, elongate, columnar, or other shape, including an irregular shape.
  • the porous proppant can be spherical and have a Krumbein sphericity of at least about 0.5, at least 0.6 or at least 0.7, at least 0.8, or at least 0.9, and/or a roundness of at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, or at least 0.9.
  • spherical can refer to roundness and sphericity on the Krumbein and Sloss Chart by visually grading 10 to 20 randomly selected particles. Sphericity and roundness of at least .9 is most desired to achieve higher strength at lower densities.
  • Porous proppant 100 can be formed of any suitable oxide, carbide, or nitride of silicon, boron, aluminum, zirconium, iron, titanium, zinc, tin, chromium, manganese, magnesium or calcium.
  • the porous proppant can be formed of a silicon carbide, a silicon nitride, a silicon oxide, an aluminum oxide, a boron carbide, or a combination thereof.
  • porous proppant 100 can be composed of at least 90% silicon carbide, at least 95% silicon carbide, at least 98% silicon carbide, or at least 99% silicon carbide.
  • porous proppant 100 can be composed of at least 90% silicon nitride, at least 95% silicon nitride, at least 98% silicon nitride, or at least 99% silicon nitride.
  • Porous proppant 100 can have a diameter ranging from about 1 micron to about 3,000 microns, e.g., between about 100 and 2,000 microns. In some embodiments, porous proppant 100 has a diameter of about 500 microns.
  • the median pore sizes of the porous proppant can be between, e.g., about 1 micron and about 50 microns, and the porosity can account for about 10% to about 70% of the total spherical volume.
  • the pore sizes can be tailored in size and volume to achieve different crush strengths for different well formations.
  • the porous proppant can have a crush strength greater than 10,000 psi with a specific gravity of less than 2.2 g/cc.
  • the porous proppant can have a crush strength greater than 11,000 psi, greater than 12,000 psi, or higher.
  • the porous proppant can have a specific gravity of less than 2.0 g/cc, less than 1.8 g/cc, less than 1.6 g/cc, less than 1.5 g/cc, or less than 1.4 g/cc, or lower.
  • the porous proppant desirably combines properties of high crush strength and low density.
  • the porous proppant can have a crush strength greater than 10,000 psi with a specific gravity of less than 2.2 g/cc; a crush strength greater than 11,000 psi with a specific gravity of less than 2.0 g/cc; a crush strength greater than 12,000 psi with a specific gravity of less than 1.8 g/cc; or even higher crush strengths combined with even lower specific gravities.
  • FIG. 2 shows a proppant at greater magnification than FIG. 1.
  • Porous proppant 100 has a scaffold 110 forming heterogeneous pores 120.
  • the truss structure of scaffold 110 imparts increased strength to proppant 100 so that the proppant can withstand crush strengths greater than 12,000 psi.
  • pores 120 provide permeability so that, once injected into a hydrofracture, released fluid can pass through the pores of the proppant as well as around the spaces formed by the packing of the particles.
  • Non-porous proppants, or those proppants modified with external surface treatments, are limited in fluid extraction as fluid can only pass through the tortuous path created by the packing of the particles.
  • porous proppants can greatly increase the amount of fluid extracted and also extracts the fluid more quickly than proppants used currently.
  • Porous proppant 100 can be formed by reducing silica- and carbon-based materials, e.g., to provide a silicon carbide porous proppant.
  • a carbon source is reacted with a silicon source to form a porous silicon carbide by controlling the reaction to prevent densification.
  • the pores can be formed during a sintering process. Templating approaches can also be used to form pores.
  • a suitable carbon source can be derived from coal.
  • Other suitable carbon sources of include graphite or carbon black.
  • a carbon source is combined with a silicon source (such as a silicon dioxide, e.g., silica, or sand) and reduced in the presence of reducing agents to produce silicon carbide. Porosity resulting from the off-gassing of the oxygen can impart porosity to the resulting silicon carbide. Silicon carbide powder can also be pressureless sintered to produce porous proppants. Reaction bonding is another process that can be utilized to produce porous proppants. Any suitable method to process a solid material into spherical particles can be used, such as e.g., milling, spray drying, spheronization, encapsulation, granulation or extruding. In most embodiments, spherical particles are desirable.
  • the porous non-sintered source can have a Krumbien sphericity of 0.8 or higher, 0.9 or higher, 0.95 or higher, 0.98 or higher, or 0.99 or higher.
  • Sintering can be carried out using any suitable method of heating a silicon carbide source, or a carbon source and a silicon source, including, for example, resistance, radiation, convection, induction, plasma, laser, microwave, or other methods. Additional sintering aids may optionally be included, such as a polymeric binder or organic binders. The extent of sintering can be controlled by adjusting the temperature and duration.
  • a reduction step of a carbon source and a silicon dioxide produces a porous silicon carbide.
  • a carbon source of particulate carbon can produce particulate porous silicon carbide.
  • sintering particles of the particulate porous silicon carbide can produce a controllable degree of fusion.
  • necking can occur between particles of porous silicon carbide, i.e., the formation of bridges joining particles of porous silicon carbide.
  • the bridges thus formed are desirably composed of silicon carbide, rather than a silicon oxide, which would result in a weaker proppant than similar material with bridges composed of silicon carbide.
  • Amounts of less than 10% of oxides are preferable in the necking regions (e.g., oxides such as silicon oxide, alumina, zirconia, glass, mullite, and other clay bonding) can be acceptable, whereas 90% or more of the porous proppant is composed of silicon carbide or silicon nitride. Boron carbide and boron nitride also are acceptable in the necking region at levels of less than 10%.
  • silicon carbide is bonded to silicon carbide as the necking region.
  • the necking process can form a structure having an additional level of porosity, i.e., the porosity formed between particles that are joined by bridges.
  • the resulting material can have a larger-scale porosity (e.g., on the order of one micron to fifty microns) between particles; and smaller-scale porosity (e.g., on the order of less than one micron to ten microns).
  • Control over this larger-scale porosity can be achieved by controlling the degree of fusion between particles. Higher temperatures and increased time promotes a higher degree of fusion. When fused to a higher degree, the bridges between particles become larger and more numerous; individual particles become less distinct and more agglomerated.
  • Fines of less than 10% can be generally acceptable in crush tests. 90% or greater original particle sizes must be retained in the sieve during a crush test procedure. Crush tests are not a substitute for conductivity or actual well performance but are a suitable gauge of proppant performance, and for comparisons of different proppant materials.
  • the strength of the proppant pack is not only determined by the compressive strength of the proppants but also how well they stay in the pack.
  • Lower density proppants can have negative flow back issues, so traditional coatings (resins) can be used on the porous proppants mentioned herein to reduce or prevent flow back issues.
  • Proppants randomly packed yield in greater than 30% volume to less than 70% volume of the proppant porous packs.
  • porous volume of a proppant pack such as packing method, particle size, particle shape and particle distribution. However, these properties combine to form a total pack porosity that determines ultimate conductivity in conjunction with pack strength.
  • Specific gravity is the density of the material and is also defined as the skeletal density of the porous proppant.
  • the apparent specific gravity is the adjusted density of the proppant when considering the addition of the pore density with the proppant material density.
  • silicon carbide may have a specific gravity of 3.2 g/cc yet the proppant may have an apparent specific gravity of 1.6 g/cc when considering 50% porosity volume.
  • the term 'density' of the proppant herein refers to the apparent specific gravity, not bulk density or any other density term that may be used elsewhere.
  • Sphericity and roundness of at least .9 is most desired to achieve higher strength at lower densities.
  • Suitable proppant particle sizes in many cases are 20/40 mesh. However other mesh sizes can realize similar results of strength and density attributes.
  • a mesh size range is determined by retaining all proppant particles in the smaller mesh screen (such as 40 mesh) and allowing all other proppant particles to pass through the larger mesh screen (such as 20 mesh).
  • Solid silicon carbide having a proppant strength of 540,000 psi can yield 180,000 psi for a single solid sphere, then yielding 60,000 psi for a porous proppant pack of non- porous (dense) spheres.
  • the result can less than 10% fines after crush testing.
  • Solid spheres made from silicon carbide can be 'overkill' for most rock formations so porous silicon carbide yields a strong, light weight solution compared to sand and sintered ceramics. Starting with higher levels of compressive strength allow porous silicon carbide provide similar strength levels as sand and ceramics, yet at more desirable lower densities.
  • Table 1 below shows that silicon carbide has desirable for a lightweight proppant.
  • Boron carbide can also be a good choice for proppants, but may be cost prohibitive. Only widely available raw materials such as sand, certain clays, carbon, and forms of aluminosilicates are acceptable in terms of cost. Conversion of sand and carbon into porous silicon carbide is a preferred embodiment for low cost, high strength, low density proppants.
  • FIG. 3A shows the results of a short term conductivity test using a silicon carbide proppant (diamonds), a commercial sintered bauxite proppant (squares), and a commercial mixed aluminum oxide/silicon oxide proppant (triangles).
  • FIG. 3B shows the results of short term permeability tests for the same materials.
  • FIG. 4A shows the results of a long term conductivity test using a silicon carbide proppant
  • FIG. 4B shows the results of a long term permeability test using the same material.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des agents de soutènement poreux ultra-légers à base de céramique susceptibles de constituer une solution économique pour une utilisation dans des opérations de fracturation hydraulique. Le carbure de silicium et le nitrure de silicium peuvent assurer avantageusement un haut degré de résistance tout en présentant une porosité suffisante pour rester légers et faciliter le transport des fluides. Des oxycarbures et des oxynitrures de silicium constituent également des matériaux adéquats pour des agents de soutènement légers. Dans un aspect, un agent de soutènement poreux présente une forme générale sphérique avec un diamètre de particules compris entre 100 et 2000 microns, des tailles médianes de pores comprises entre 1 et 50 microns, et une porosité comprise entre 10 et 70% du volume sphérique total. En présence d'une pluralité d'agents de soutènement poreux, chaque agent de soutènement poreux peut former individuellement un amas d'agent de soutènement.
PCT/US2012/061329 2011-10-21 2012-10-22 Agents de soutènement poreux WO2013059793A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2852973A CA2852973A1 (fr) 2011-10-21 2012-10-22 Agents de soutenement poreux
RU2014120518/03A RU2014120518A (ru) 2011-10-21 2012-10-22 Пористый расклинивающий агент, его содержащая пачка, композиция пористого расклинивающего агента, способ ее использования и способ получения пористого расклинивающего агента
AU2012325773A AU2012325773A1 (en) 2011-10-21 2012-10-22 Porous proppants
MX2014004760A MX2014004760A (es) 2011-10-21 2012-10-22 Apuntalantes porosos.
BR112014009463A BR112014009463A2 (pt) 2011-10-21 2012-10-22 propantes porosos
ZA2014/02794A ZA201402794B (en) 2011-10-21 2014-04-16 Porous proppants

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161549878P 2011-10-21 2011-10-21
US61/549,878 2011-10-21

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WO2013059793A1 true WO2013059793A1 (fr) 2013-04-25

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AU (1) AU2012325773A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112014009463A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2852973A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2014004760A (fr)
RU (1) RU2014120518A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013059793A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201402794B (fr)

Cited By (18)

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WO2015003175A1 (fr) * 2013-07-04 2015-01-08 Melior Innovations, Inc. Agents de soutènement synthétiques à faible densité et à haute résistance pour la fracturation hydraulique et la récupération d'hydrocarbures
US20160122630A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-05 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Proppants
US9481781B2 (en) 2013-05-02 2016-11-01 Melior Innovations, Inc. Black ceramic additives, pigments, and formulations
US9499677B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-11-22 Melior Innovations, Inc. Black ceramic additives, pigments, and formulations
WO2017003813A1 (fr) 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement pour libération contrôlée
WO2017003819A1 (fr) 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement pour capturer des sulfures
WO2017003904A1 (fr) 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement d'agent de soutènement pour la récupération de métaux lourds
WO2017021803A1 (fr) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-09 Statoil Gulf Services LLC Fracturation hydraulique et gravillonnage en régime de fracturation à l'aide d'agents de soutènement ultra-légers et ultra-résistants (ulus)
US9663708B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2017-05-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Synthetic proppants and monodispersed proppants and methods of making the same
US9815943B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-14 Melior Innovations, Inc. Polysilocarb materials and methods
US9815952B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-14 Melior Innovations, Inc. Solvent free solid material
US9828542B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-28 Melior Innovations, Inc. Methods of hydraulically fracturing and recovering hydrocarbons
WO2017213855A1 (fr) 2016-06-08 2017-12-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement à base d'amide
WO2018175515A1 (fr) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtements d'agents de soutènement à base de polyuréthane
US10161236B2 (en) 2013-04-24 2018-12-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for fracturing subterranean formations
US10167366B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-01-01 Melior Innovations, Inc. Polysilocarb materials, methods and uses
US10190041B2 (en) * 2016-08-02 2019-01-29 University Of Utah Research Foundation Encapsulated porous proppant
US10266756B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2019-04-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Porous proppants

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US9670400B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2017-06-06 Carbo Ceramics Inc. Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use

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Cited By (22)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9663708B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2017-05-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Synthetic proppants and monodispersed proppants and methods of making the same
US9745507B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2017-08-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Synthetic proppants and monodispersed proppants and methods of making the same
US9499677B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-11-22 Melior Innovations, Inc. Black ceramic additives, pigments, and formulations
US10221660B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-03-05 Melior Innovations, Inc. Offshore methods of hydraulically fracturing and recovering hydrocarbons
US10167366B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-01-01 Melior Innovations, Inc. Polysilocarb materials, methods and uses
US9815943B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-14 Melior Innovations, Inc. Polysilocarb materials and methods
US9815952B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-14 Melior Innovations, Inc. Solvent free solid material
US9828542B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-28 Melior Innovations, Inc. Methods of hydraulically fracturing and recovering hydrocarbons
US10161236B2 (en) 2013-04-24 2018-12-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for fracturing subterranean formations
US9481781B2 (en) 2013-05-02 2016-11-01 Melior Innovations, Inc. Black ceramic additives, pigments, and formulations
WO2015003175A1 (fr) * 2013-07-04 2015-01-08 Melior Innovations, Inc. Agents de soutènement synthétiques à faible densité et à haute résistance pour la fracturation hydraulique et la récupération d'hydrocarbures
US9914872B2 (en) * 2014-10-31 2018-03-13 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Proppants
US20160122630A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-05 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Proppants
US10266756B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2019-04-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Porous proppants
WO2017003819A1 (fr) 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement pour capturer des sulfures
WO2017003904A1 (fr) 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement d'agent de soutènement pour la récupération de métaux lourds
WO2017003813A1 (fr) 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement pour libération contrôlée
US10752830B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2020-08-25 Dow Global Technologies Llc Proppant coating for heavy metal recovery
WO2017021803A1 (fr) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-09 Statoil Gulf Services LLC Fracturation hydraulique et gravillonnage en régime de fracturation à l'aide d'agents de soutènement ultra-légers et ultra-résistants (ulus)
WO2017213855A1 (fr) 2016-06-08 2017-12-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtement à base d'amide
US10190041B2 (en) * 2016-08-02 2019-01-29 University Of Utah Research Foundation Encapsulated porous proppant
WO2018175515A1 (fr) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Dow Global Technologies Llc Revêtements d'agents de soutènement à base de polyuréthane

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RU2014120518A (ru) 2015-11-27
CA2852973A1 (fr) 2013-04-25
MX2014004760A (es) 2014-10-17
BR112014009463A2 (pt) 2017-06-13
ZA201402794B (en) 2015-04-29

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