WO2013050680A1 - System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels - Google Patents
System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013050680A1 WO2013050680A1 PCT/FR2012/051976 FR2012051976W WO2013050680A1 WO 2013050680 A1 WO2013050680 A1 WO 2013050680A1 FR 2012051976 W FR2012051976 W FR 2012051976W WO 2013050680 A1 WO2013050680 A1 WO 2013050680A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- orifices
- plate
- tunnel
- conveyor
- holes
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23L3/361—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules, or flakes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
- F25D13/06—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
- F25D13/067—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space with circulation of gaseous cooling fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
- F25D25/04—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by conveyors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
- F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of processes for cooling food products in tunnel-type devices, implementing direct or indirect injections of a cryogenic fluid such as liquid nitrogen.
- tunnels include:
- cryogenic liquid supply means for supplying a cryogenic liquid inside the chamber to enable the products to come into direct contact with this liquid (most commonly, these supply means comprise projection ramps of the liquid on the products) or indirect by the fact that the cryogen is injected into internal exchangers in tunnels (commonly called in this trade "cold batteries"), the transfer of cold to products passing through an exchange with the internal air of the tunnel by the intervention of ventilation means associated with each battery;
- the agri-food industry is constantly looking for increasingly economically efficient equipment and in particular increasingly compact (using the least floor space). This allows in many cases to increase the production capacity of a given site without investing in new buildings. Recent freezer tunnels thus offer increasingly sophisticated techniques to increase production capacity while reducing the ground surface of the equipment.
- Ventilation power is often difficult to control, especially after several hours of production, when the characteristics of the ventilation system have been modified by its fouling (frost or other deposit).
- the air flow and the ventilation speeds are very important, and there is an asymmetry in the distribution of cold gas, which causes air inlets on one side of the device and outputs air on the other side.
- frost comes mainly from external air infiltration. These infiltrations of air from the production room in the freezing tunnel are of course accompanied by an inlet of water vapor (humidity of the air) which will be deposited in the form of frost inside the machine. .
- this poor control of the equilibrium of the gases causes not only a refrigerated overconsumption and an additional cost of production but also an accelerated fouling of the ventilation system of the plates producing the impacting jets and possibly exchangers put in place, which causes a car -amplification of the phenomenon.
- this solution proposes to combat one of the phenomena observed in such tunnels where when the jets impact at high speed the sole, a part of the cold air is expelled outside the tunnel, the amount of air in the tunnel being constant, this automatically creates infiltrations of hot air.
- the product loading zone in the tunnel then acts as a "pipe" that guides the flow of air but does not significantly reduce air infiltration.
- One (or more) buffer zone is positioned immediately downstream of the loading zone for one and immediately upstream of the tunnel exit for the second, buffer zones which are not ventilated, by means of enlargements of the outer shell of the tunnel (from 50 cm to 1 .5 m for each zone entering and leaving the freezer), creating on each side a dead space that dampens the gas velocities, which naturally reduces the air inlets and the cold gas outlets.
- this system has a major drawback which is to increase the size of the machine, which goes in the opposite direction of the effect initially sought by the adoption of impacting jets.
- this solution involves placing plastic or stainless steel curtains at the entrance / exit of the appliance. These curtains indeed limit the air inlets and the cold gas outlets. But they are all the more effective as they consistently close the entries of the freezer. In practice, they are often not very effective because being located on the passage of the products, they can not really close the entrances / exits. In addition, they sometimes pose hygiene problems when they touch the products that parade.
- this solution consists in installing at the entrance and exit of the tunnel an air blowing system intended to compensate for the imbalance of the tunnel.
- This system can sometimes give satisfactory results when the imbalance is very low, however when it comes to compensate for a medium to high imbalance, this system has not yet shown its ability to restore the balance of cold gases.
- one of the origins of moisture inputs is also related to the evaporation of part of the water contained in the incoming product itself, and especially of some incoming products.
- the frost appears more or less quickly at the impaction orifices but it always appears, and the injected gas flow dim inue with time as the thermal efficiency of the machine.
- the present invention seeks to propose a new solution to prevent clogging by frost formation at the orifices forming impacting jets, without the use of mechanical vibration or heating This is achieved by a well-designed and sized blowing gas (eg air) distribution system.
- a blowing gas eg air
- the invention proposes a device for cooling food products by impacting jets comprising a tunnel which comprises:
- At least one plate located opposite (above and / or below) the conveyor and provided with through orifices,
- the device comprising a network of pipes for dispensing a blowing gas above the top plate and / or below.
- the bottom plate which is provided with through-holes, all or part of the channels being provided with injection or injection ports, the positioning of which in the network makes it possible to direct blowing gas towards the orifices through the plate or plates, to allow simultaneously unobstructed all or part of these through holes.
- the blowing is thus performed on the side where the frost accumulates: indeed in practice in such a tunnel by impaction, the frost accumulates above the upper plate and below the lower plate (the one located under the conveyor such as throwing cold gas upward to impact the underside of the products), that is to say that one blows and the side of the arrival cold gases in the system (and not the side of the impaction jets outlet). If it can be envisaged according to the invention to unclog a portion of the orifices (for example 80 to 90% of these orifices) it is preferred to position a blowing network for unclogging all the through holes.
- the plate (s) with (or) through orifices are advantageously made of food grade stainless steel. These plates are removable to facilitate their cleaning after operation.
- the through orifices of the plate may also be of various shape and in particular in the form of cylinders, rounds, possibly chamfered slots (individual distributed along the plates or even of several slots distributed over the length of the plate). plate, each slot occupying almost the entire width of the plate), or cones with chamfered or rounded edges.
- the fluid blowing means is a centrifugal fan driven by a motor.
- the tunnel may implement pairs of plates, an upper plate and a lower plate, located parallel on either side of the conveyor, at least one, preferably both, being provided with through holes,
- the invention also relates to a method for cooling food products by jets impacting in a tunnel, which tunnel comprises a conveyor of products within the tunnel,
- At least one plate located opposite the conveyor, and provided with through orifices, the plate or plates being located above and / or below the conveyor; And at least one means for blowing a cold fluid through the through holes and to the products,
- the method being characterized in that one proceeds, during all or part of the operating periods of the tunnel and / or during all or part of the tunnel stopping periods, to an operation of unclogging all or part of said through holes, as follows :
- said pipe network is fed with blowing gas to simultaneously unclog all or part but preferably all of said through holes.
- FIG. 1 in its different views (a), b), c) ..) illustrates by schematic and partial representations an embodiment of the invention where:
- the impaction plate is in the form of a successive V-shaped corrugated stainless steel sheet, each V being provided with a row of slots / orifices, possibly chamfered;
- FIG. 1 a makes it possible to visualize the plate structure at 7 "V” as well as the blowing device, in exploded mode for a better reading (the right view of this FIG. 1 a) gives the detail of a V );
- FIG. 1 d shows the effect of the arrival of a jet of compressed air in each V to unclog each through hole (here again the right view provides the detail of a V );
- a feeding tube closed at one of its ends, with a diameter of 40 mm, which runs along the end of the V d ' one side of the plate, and in front of each V there is a small injector or tube connected to the nurse (here of inner diameter of about 2 to 5 mm) which injects compressed air into the V air. injected will therefore first touch the first hole and unclog, then the second, then the third and so on.
- an injector opens a line of several orifices over a distance of about 200 to 600 mm depending on the pressure and the air flow injected.
- the injection when ordered (as has been seen during a tunnel production phase or during a period when it is stopped, whether on an ad hoc order from an operator or at pre-programmed regular intervals , or on instruction of a PLC following the reception of information representative of a state of closure of the orifices, for example a measurement of pressure in the ventilation) the accumulation of ice located in front of each tube of Injection is swept by the power of the air jet, the loose frost is swept away by the airflow, the tunnel can continue to operate normally.
- the injections of blowing gas can be very short given the pressures envisaged (typically a few seconds for example between 0.2 and 2 seconds).
- the compressed air consumption can be optimized by spacing the injections as much as possible while maintaining a satisfactory thermal efficiency of the machine between the injections.
- the orifices are aligned and the injection of compressed air is arranged so that it impacts a line of several orifices.
- a single feeding tube has been put in place on one side of the plate, but it is of course possible to envisage, in particular according to the size of the impaction plate. , from implement two feeders, one on each side of the plate and then blow in two opposite directions.
- FIG. 2 illustrates, by a partial diagrammatic representation, a variant embodiment of the feeding tube of FIG. 1, feeding each V of the impaction plate.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112014007701A BR112014007701A2 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-09-04 | system for solving problems associated with ice formation in impact freezer tunnels |
US14/349,908 US20150027140A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-09-04 | System to Improve Icing Problems in Blast Freezer Tunnels |
CN201280048374.XA CN103841841A (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-09-04 | System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels |
EP12762353.6A EP2763556A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-09-04 | System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels |
AU2012320311A AU2012320311A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-09-04 | System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1158990 | 2011-10-05 | ||
FR1158990A FR2980956B1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2011-10-05 | SYSTEM ENHANCING CRYING PROBLEMS IN IMPROVED FREEZING TUNNELS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013050680A1 true WO2013050680A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
Family
ID=46889352
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2012/051976 WO2013050680A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-09-04 | System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150027140A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2763556A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103841841A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012320311A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014007701A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2980956B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013050680A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10739056B2 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2020-08-11 | Messer Industries Usa, Inc. | Snow and ice removal for impinger |
CN110817069A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 湖南德凌物流配送有限公司 | Intelligent cryopreservation frame |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5605049A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1997-02-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Exhaust system for a cryogenic freezer |
US6155060A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2000-12-05 | Munters Corporation | Condensation and frost control system |
WO2003081149A1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-02 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Operational method for a cryogenic tunnel (1) |
EP1449443A1 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2004-08-25 | C.I.M.S. | Apparatus for cooling food products , integrating means for forming a lamellar cold air flux |
EP2340726A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-06 | CEMMI-Construction-Etude de Matériel-Maintenance Industrielle | Freezer system for rind formation of a food product |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3345828A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1967-10-10 | Air Prod & Chem | Parallel flow cryogenic freezer |
US3403527A (en) * | 1967-06-01 | 1968-10-01 | Air Prod & Chem | Transverse-parallel flow cryogenic freezer |
US3892104A (en) * | 1973-09-20 | 1975-07-01 | David J Klee | Cryogenic freezer with variable speed gas control system |
US4627244A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1986-12-09 | Willhoft Edward Max Adolf | Cryogenic cooling |
US4528819A (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1985-07-16 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Exhaust control for cryogenic freezer |
MXPA05001810A (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2005-04-19 | Boc Group Inc | Flow enhanced tunnel freezer. |
CN1244789C (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2006-03-08 | 储维 | Defrosting device of air heat exchanger |
US7197883B2 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2007-04-03 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cooling or heating with multi-pass fluid flow |
-
2011
- 2011-10-05 FR FR1158990A patent/FR2980956B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-09-04 BR BR112014007701A patent/BR112014007701A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-09-04 WO PCT/FR2012/051976 patent/WO2013050680A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-09-04 US US14/349,908 patent/US20150027140A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-04 EP EP12762353.6A patent/EP2763556A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-04 AU AU2012320311A patent/AU2012320311A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-04 CN CN201280048374.XA patent/CN103841841A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5605049A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1997-02-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Exhaust system for a cryogenic freezer |
US6155060A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2000-12-05 | Munters Corporation | Condensation and frost control system |
WO2003081149A1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-02 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Operational method for a cryogenic tunnel (1) |
EP1449443A1 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2004-08-25 | C.I.M.S. | Apparatus for cooling food products , integrating means for forming a lamellar cold air flux |
EP2340726A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-06 | CEMMI-Construction-Etude de Matériel-Maintenance Industrielle | Freezer system for rind formation of a food product |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2012320311A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
FR2980956A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 |
US20150027140A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
BR112014007701A2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
FR2980956B1 (en) | 2014-01-10 |
CN103841841A (en) | 2014-06-04 |
EP2763556A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2656245C (en) | Method and device for cleaning the water trickling surfaces in an air/water heat exchanger | |
EP0128842A1 (en) | Tempering of glass | |
FR2525747A2 (en) | PROCESS FOR FREEZING AND PACKAGING INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTS, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS | |
EP2763556A1 (en) | System to improve icing problems in blast freezer tunnels | |
FR3023127A1 (en) | INSTALLATION FOR DEFROSTING OR TEMPERING FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTS | |
EP0806618B1 (en) | Device and process for the in line superficial cooling of products | |
EP3309480B1 (en) | Method of reducing temperature of products | |
WO2012127131A1 (en) | Treatment assembly for food products | |
WO2013034827A1 (en) | System for improving the balancing of cold gases in a quick-freezing tunnel using buffer zones and external air-blower ceilings | |
FR2918676A1 (en) | Fiber distribution improving device for fiber mat formation plant, comprises rotatable annular wall with interior fins and air inlet ring profiled to maximize ambient air introduction | |
EP0965022A1 (en) | Quick freezer for food products in bulk with fluidisation and transfer system | |
EP2257192A2 (en) | Device and method for chilling or deep-freezing food products by impacting jets | |
WO2013034826A1 (en) | System for improving the balancing of cold gases in a quick-freezing tunnel using buffer zones and internal flaps | |
EP3220780B1 (en) | Facility for refreshing products in the presence of a layer of ice | |
EP2783172B1 (en) | Cooling device for bulk products | |
WO2012080599A1 (en) | System for defrosting heat exchangers of refrigerated trucks using an indirect injection of a cryogenic liquid | |
WO2001081843A1 (en) | Device for optimising continuous deep-freezing of bulk products, individually, installation equipped with same and use thereof | |
EP1213551A1 (en) | Apparatus and product treatment by a gas and installation with such an apparatus | |
EP1152198B1 (en) | Cooling line apparatus | |
EP1151836B1 (en) | Centrifugal cutting machine with cooling system, and method for cooling cut products | |
WO1996009508A1 (en) | Device for enhancing the operation of a refrigerating apparatus cooler exchanger | |
BE455349A (en) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12762353 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012762353 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012320311 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20120904 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112014007701 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14349908 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112014007701 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20140331 |