WO2013046225A2 - Process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013046225A2
WO2013046225A2 PCT/IN2012/000539 IN2012000539W WO2013046225A2 WO 2013046225 A2 WO2013046225 A2 WO 2013046225A2 IN 2012000539 W IN2012000539 W IN 2012000539W WO 2013046225 A2 WO2013046225 A2 WO 2013046225A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
palmitic acid
paliperidone
paliperidone palmitate
palmitoyl chloride
derivative
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PCT/IN2012/000539
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French (fr)
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WO2013046225A3 (en
Inventor
Milind Gharpure
Dnyandev Rane
Veerabhadra SWAMY H. M.
Prashant Patil
Jitendra THORAT
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Glenmark Generics Limited
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Publication of WO2013046225A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013046225A2/en
Publication of WO2013046225A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013046225A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/54—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides
    • C07C51/56—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides from organic acids, their salts, their esters or their halides, e.g. by carboxylation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/58—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides
    • C07C51/60—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides by conversion of carboxylic acids or their anhydrides or esters, lactones, salts into halides with the same carboxylic acid part

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel process for preparation of paliperidone palmitate.
  • Paliperidone palmitate is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of berizisoxazoles.
  • Paliperidone palmitate which is chemically known as (9RS)-3- (2-(4-(6-fluoro-l ,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-l-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido(l ,2-a)pyrimidin-9-ylhexadecanoate, has the following structure:
  • INVEGA SUSTENNA® is paliperidone palmitate intramuscular ER suspension available in five dose strengths, indicated for treatment of acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adults.
  • United States Patent No. 5,254,556 (US Patenf 556) describes a group of benzisoxazole derivatives including paliperidone palmitate, which acts as psychotropic agents. US Patent '556 does not exemplify a process for preparing paliperidone palmitate.
  • United States PG Publication No. 2009/0209757 (US PGPub '757) discloses a process for preparing paliperidone palmitate by the reaction of paliperidone with a base to form paliperidone alkoxide and the subsequent reaction of the generated paliperidone alkoxide with palmitoyl chloride.
  • the present invention provides a novel process for preparation of paliperidone palmitate, which involves the reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
  • the present invention provides a process wherein surprisingly only a mixture of organic base and an inorganic base, and neither an organic base or an inorganic base like metal carbonate used singly, advantageously brings the reaction to proceed to completion.
  • the present invention provides a simple process which can be scaled on an industrial level because it does not require chromatographic purification of the product. .
  • the ensuing paliperidone palmitate product is substantially free of other fatty acid esters of paliperidone, like paliperidone myristate, paliperidone pentadecanate, paliperidone stearate, while conforming to ICH grade specification.
  • the present invention also provides a novel process for purification of palmitic acid wherein the palmitic acid contains less than 0.2% of other fatty acids.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in the presence of a mixture of an Organic base and an inorganic base.
  • the present invention provides a process for purifying paliperidone palmitate comprising recrystallizing paliperidone palmitate from acetone.
  • the present invention provides a process for the purification of palmitic acid said purification process comprising use ofalcoholic solvents.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising a. purifying palmitic acid with an alcoholic solvent ;
  • step b optionally converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitic acid derivative
  • Fig. 1 X-ray powder diffraction pattern of paliperidone palmitate prepared by
  • the present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
  • the palmitic acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride, symmetric or asymmetric palmitic anhydride and ester or amide of palmitic acid;
  • the organic base may be selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaniline, pyridine derivatives, 1 ,5- diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, tri-n- butylamine, N-methylmorpholine and alkali metal alkoxides and the like.
  • pyridine derivatives are used.
  • the pyridine derivative may be a dialkylamino pyridine. More preferably the pyridine derivative is 4- dimethylamino pyridine.
  • the inorganic base may be selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal bicarbonates and metal hydrides.
  • alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like.
  • the ratio of organic base to inorganic base may be in the range of about 1 : 9 to
  • reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative, in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base may be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons like methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride; nitriles like acetonitrile, propionitrile; alkyl acetates like ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ketones like acetone propanone and the like.
  • halogenated hydrocarbon like methylene dichloride is used.
  • reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative may be carried out at room temperature for a period of about 18 to 24 hours.
  • reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base may be carried out in an aqueous medium in presence of a phase transfer catalyst.
  • the aqueous medium used may be water or water mixed with a water miscible organic solvent.
  • the phase transfer catalyst may be selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, crown ethers, cryptands and polyethylene glycols and the like
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
  • the reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base may be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons like methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride; nitriles like acetonitrile, propionitrile; alkyl acetates like ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ketones like acetone propanone and the like.
  • halogenated hydrocarbon like methylene dichloride is used.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in the presence of a mixture of 4-dimethylamino pyridine and potassium carbonate in methylene dichloride.
  • the amount of palmitoyl chloride used is in the range of about 2 to about 4 moles of the amount of paliperidone used.
  • the palmitoyl chloride may be added directly to the reaction mixture or may be dissolved in the organic solvent.
  • the palmitoyl chloride in methylene dichloride is added slowly in portions to the reaction mixture containing paliperidone, methylene dichloride potassium carbonate and 4-dimethylamino pyridine. After addition of ⁇ the first portion of palmitoyl chloride in methylene dichloride, the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for about 2 to 3 hours followed by addition of the next portion of palmitoyl chloride in methylene dichloride and stirring for a period of about 10 to 15 hours.
  • the product may be isolated from the reaction mixture by standard techniques.
  • the present invention provides a process for purifying paliperidone palmitate comprising recrystallizing paliperidone palmitate- from acetone.
  • the recrystallization of paliperidone palmitate from acetone may be carried out by dissolving the paliperidone palmitate in acetone and refluxing the reaction mixture. Then, this is followed by cooling with stirring to obtain purified paliperidone palmitate, which can be isolated by filtration.
  • the refluxing may be carried for a period of about 20 minutes to about 2 hours, preferably for about 30 minutes followed by cooling at about 45-50°C for a period of about 10-20 minutes, followed by cooling to about 25- 30°C for about 1-3 hours preferably about 1.5 hours to obtain purified paliperidone palmitate.
  • the present invention provides a process for controlling the particle size of paliperidone palmitate depending on the rate of stirring during cooling of the reaction mixture.
  • the paliperidone palmitate has D ! 0 of about . 5 ⁇ , D 50 about 12 ⁇ , and D 90 about 25 ⁇ . In one embodiment when the mixture in the process directly described above is not stirred D 90 more than about 40 ⁇ is obtained.
  • the present invention provides a process for the purification of palmitic acid comprising use of alcohols as solvents.
  • C1-C5 alcohols may be used.
  • the C1-C5 alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol.
  • the process involves addition of palmitic acid to an alcoholic solvent followed by precipitation of the palmitic acid.
  • Preferably such process includes dissolving the palmitic acid in alcohol at higher temperatures followed by cooling to room temperature to precipitate the purified palmitic acid.
  • the procedures for isolation of palmitic acid are well known to a person of skill in the art which include filtration, or evaporation of the solvent.
  • the present invention provides a process for purification of palmitic acid comprising dissolution of palmitic acid in an alcoholic solvent followed by addition of an antisolvent to precipitate the product.
  • an antisolvent to precipitate the product.
  • Cl - C5 alcohols may be used.
  • the C 1-C5 alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol,, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol.
  • the process involves addition of methanol to palmitic acid.
  • the reaction mixture obtained is heated, preferably at a temperature in the range of 60 - 70 °C.
  • the heating may be carried out for a period of about 10 minutes to 1 hour; preferably for 30 minutes.
  • the amount of methanol used may be approximately 2-3 times the amount of palmitic acid used.
  • the reaction mixture obtained may be cooled with stirring for a period of about 1 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of about 25-30 °C to precipitate the palmitic acid.
  • the precipitated palmitic acid may be separated from the reaction mixture by filtration or by any other method known in the art. If required the obtained palmitic acid is purified by repeating the above procedure.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
  • step b optionally converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitic acid derivative
  • the present invention provides a process for preparation of paliperidorie palmitate comprising purification of palmitic acid by dissolution of palmitic acid in an alcoholic solvent at higher temperatures followed by cooling to room temperature.
  • C1-C5 alcohols may be used.
  • the C 1 -C5 alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol.
  • the present invention involves purification of palmitic acid with an alcoholic solvent optionally followed by converting the palmitic acid so obtained to a palmitic acid derivative.
  • the palmitic acid derivative may be palmitoyl chloride or palmitic anhydride.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparation of a palmitoyl chloride comprising purification of palmitic acid using alcoholic solvents followed by conversion of the so purified palmitic acid to the palmitoyl chloride.
  • the process involves dissolution of palmitic acid in C1-C5 alcohols, preferably methanol, followed by cooling to room temperature to obtain purified palmitic acid which is converted to palmitoyl chloride.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparation of palmitoyl chloride comprising converting the purified palmitic acid to palmitoyl chloride using chlorinating agents such as phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous pentachloride, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride and the like.
  • chlorinating agents such as phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous pentachloride, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride and the like.
  • the chlorinating agent may be thionyl chloride.
  • the reaction may optionally be carried out in the presence of catalysts such as dimethylformamide.
  • the present invention provides process for preparation of palmitoyl chloride comprising chlorination of the purified palmitic acid with thionyl chloride in DMF.
  • the palmitoyl chloride obtained may be isolated from the mixture by fractionation under reduced pressure.
  • the present invention provides a process for the purification of palmitoyl chloride comprising high vacuum distillation of palmitoyl chloride.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
  • step b converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitoyl chloride
  • the present invention provides a process for preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
  • a purifying palmitic acid in methanol; b. converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitoyl chloride by
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.15% of paliperidone as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Preferably less than 0.1 % , more preferably absent.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • the paliperidone palmitate so prepared contains less than 0.15% of any other ester with a fatty acid as determined by HPLC,
  • any other ester with a fatty acid refers to any ester of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid other than palmitic acid, with C4 to C28 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.15% of paliperidone myristate as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.10% of paliperidone pentadecanate as measured by HPLC.
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.10% paliperidone stearate as measured by HPLC.
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having bacterial endotoxin not more than 1 EU/mg.
  • the present invention provides characterization of paliperidone palmitate via X-ray powder diffraction pattern, which is substantially in accordance with Figure 1.
  • the X-ray source is ' operated at 45 kV and 40mA. Spectra are recorded at start angle from 2° to 50° 20, a step size 0.0167° with a time per step of 1000 seconds.
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate prepared by the process directly herein described, having purity greater than about 97.5% area, as measured by HPLC.
  • the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate prepared by the process directly herein described, having a purity greater than about 98 % area, as measured by HPLC, preferably greater than 99% more preferably about 99.5% area as measured by HPLC.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • Apparatus A High Performance Liquid Chromatograph equipped with quaternary gradient pumps, variable wavelength UV detector attached with data recorder and integrator software.
  • Buffer Adjust pH of water to 2.2 with diluted Perchloric acid (10% in water).
  • Mobile Phase B Acetonitrile.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing aseptic crystalline paliperidone palmitate, said process comprising
  • the solvent system may be selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols, nitriles, ketones, esters, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and water or mixtures thereof.
  • the alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, pentanol and the like or mixtures thereof.
  • Preferably high purity grade alcohol may be used.
  • the glycols may be selected from polyalkylene glycols and mixtures thereof wherein the polyalkylene glycols have a molecular weight of 200, 400, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, 2000 and 4000, for example polyethylene glycol.
  • the nitriles may be selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like
  • the ketone may be selected from the group consisting of acetone, propanone and the like.
  • the esters may be selected from the group consisting of ethylacetate, butyl acetate and the like.
  • the ethers may be selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and the like.
  • the hydrocarbon may be selected from the group consisting of hexane, heptane, toluene, benzene and the like.
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon may be selected from the group consisting of methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride and the like.
  • the solvent system is selected from class 3 solvents as listed in ICH guidelines like acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-butanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, propanol.
  • ethanol is used as a solvent.
  • parenteral grade ethanol is used as a solvent.
  • a mixture of isopropanol and water is used as solvent.
  • acetone is used as solvent.
  • the paliperidone palmitate in solvent system is heated to the refluxing temperature of solvent to obtain solution of paliperidone palmitate.
  • the hot solution of paliperidone palmitate in solvent is filtered over a sterile filter having pore size of 0.22 ⁇ or less and cooled to room temperature or below to precipitate paliperidone palmitate which is isolated from the solvent by filtration.
  • the paliperidone palmitate thus obtained is dried in vacuum to obtain aseptic crystalline paliperidone palmitate.
  • the aseptic crystalline paliperidone palmitate obtained by the process of the present invention may be . used for formulating an injectable suspension of paliperidone palmitate.
  • the solution was filtered through a Hyflo bed and the Hyflo bed was washed with acetone (200 ml). The filtrate was cooled under stirring. The solid product was filtered and washed with acetone and dried in a tray drier. Acetone was added to 63 g of the solid obtained.
  • the reaction mixture was heated at a temperature of about 55-60° C for about 30 minutes to get a clear solution.
  • the solution was cooled with stirring to about 45-50° C for about 10 minutes and further cooled to about 25-30° C for about 90 minutes.
  • the solid obtained was filtered and washed with acetone. The solid obtained was dried to obtain 56g of paliperidone palmitate.
  • Example-3 Preparation of Palmitoyl chloride.
  • Example 4 Preparation of paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone palmitate (5.0 g) was dissolved in mixture of isopropyl alcohol (18.0ml) and water (2.0ml) at about 80-85°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 20-25°C in 45.0 min and stirred for about 60 min at about 20-25°C. The solid was filtered and washed with IPA. The wet product dried at about 50-55°C in air oven. Dry wt: 4.8 g Particle size distribution: d 10: 4.59 ⁇ ; d 50: 1 1.19 ⁇ ; d 90: 23.06 ⁇
  • Paliperidone palmitate (5.0 g) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (25.0ml) at about 78- 82°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 20-25°C in about 45.0 min and maintained for about 60 min at about 20-25°C under stirring. The solid product was filtered and washed with absolute ethanol (10.0 ml). The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in air oven. Dry wt: 4.7 g
  • Example 7 Preparation of paliperidone palmitate 24.0 g of Paliperidone palmitate residue obtained from example 1 , after methylene dichloride removal was dissolved in IPA (96.0 ml) at about 80-85°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 25-30°C in about 60.0 min and stirred for about an hour at about 20-25°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with IPA. The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 19.06 g
  • Paliperidone palmitate (10.0 g) was dissolved in acetone (200.0 ml) at about 55-60°C. The solution was gradually cooled without stirring at about 25-30°C in about 3.0 h and stirred for about 15 min at about 25-30°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with acetone (10.0 ml). The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 8.8 g.
  • Paliperidone palmitate (10.0 g) was dissolved in acetone (350.0 ml) at about 55-60°C. The solution was gradually cooled at about 25-30°C in about 1.5h and stirred for about 15 min at about 25-30°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with acetone (10.0 ml). The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 8.8 g

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Abstract

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.

Description

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE PRIORITY
[0001] This application claims the benefit to Indian Provisional Application
2252/MUM/201 1 filed on Aug 10, 201 1 and 3576/MUM/201 1 filed on December 20, 201 1 , the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a novel process for preparation of paliperidone palmitate.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
[0003] Paliperidone palmitate is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of berizisoxazoles. Paliperidone palmitate, which is chemically known as (9RS)-3- (2-(4-(6-fluoro-l ,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-l-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido(l ,2-a)pyrimidin-9-ylhexadecanoate, has the following structure:
Figure imgf000002_0001
[0004] INVEGA SUSTENNA® is paliperidone palmitate intramuscular ER suspension available in five dose strengths, indicated for treatment of acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adults.
[0005] United States Patent No. 5,254,556 (US Patenf 556) describes a group of benzisoxazole derivatives including paliperidone palmitate, which acts as psychotropic agents. US Patent '556 does not exemplify a process for preparing paliperidone palmitate. [0006] United States PG Publication No. 2009/0209757 (US PGPub '757) discloses a process for preparing paliperidone palmitate by the reaction of paliperidone with a base to form paliperidone alkoxide and the subsequent reaction of the generated paliperidone alkoxide with palmitoyl chloride. The working examples 1 to 4 of US PGPub' 757 exemplify a preparation of paliperidone palmitate by reacting paliperidone alkoxide with palmitoyl chloride. However, the examples fail to disclose the purity of the paliperidone palmitate obtained. Other methods disclosed therein involve the use of palmitic acid or palmitic acid anhydride with paliperidone to form the paliperidone palmitate.
[0007] An article in IP.com, which is publication number IPCOM000171313D of June 4,
2008 discloses the reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The obtained paliperidone palmitate has to be purified by column chromatography.
[0008] The present invention provides a novel process for preparation of paliperidone palmitate, which involves the reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base. The present invention provides a process wherein surprisingly only a mixture of organic base and an inorganic base, and neither an organic base or an inorganic base like metal carbonate used singly, advantageously brings the reaction to proceed to completion. The present invention provides a simple process which can be scaled on an industrial level because it does not require chromatographic purification of the product. . Furthermore, the ensuing paliperidone palmitate product is substantially free of other fatty acid esters of paliperidone, like paliperidone myristate, paliperidone pentadecanate, paliperidone stearate, while conforming to ICH grade specification.
[0009] The present invention also provides a novel process for purification of palmitic acid wherein the palmitic acid contains less than 0.2% of other fatty acids.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0010] The present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in the presence of a mixture of an Organic base and an inorganic base.
[0011] The present invention provides a process for purifying paliperidone palmitate comprising recrystallizing paliperidone palmitate from acetone.
[0012] The present invention provides a process for the purification of palmitic acid said purification process comprising use ofalcoholic solvents.
[0013] The present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising a. purifying palmitic acid with an alcoholic solvent ;
b. optionally converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitic acid derivative; and
c. reacting the palmitic acid or its derivative with paliperidone to obtain paliperidone palmitate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES
[0014] Fig. 1 : X-ray powder diffraction pattern of paliperidone palmitate prepared by
Example 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
[0016] The palmitic acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride, symmetric or asymmetric palmitic anhydride and ester or amide of palmitic acid; [0017] The organic base may be selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, Ν,Ν-dimethylaniline, pyridine derivatives, 1 ,5- diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, tri-n- butylamine, N-methylmorpholine and alkali metal alkoxides and the like. Preferably pyridine derivatives are used. The pyridine derivative may be a dialkylamino pyridine. More preferably the pyridine derivative is 4- dimethylamino pyridine.
[0018] The inorganic base may be selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal bicarbonates and metal hydrides. Preferably alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like.
[0019[ The ratio of organic base to inorganic base may be in the range of about 1 : 9 to
9: 1.
[0020] In one embodiment the reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative, in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base may be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent.
[0021] The organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons like methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride; nitriles like acetonitrile, propionitrile; alkyl acetates like ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ketones like acetone propanone and the like. Preferably halogenated hydrocarbon like methylene dichloride is used.
[0022] The reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative may be carried out at room temperature for a period of about 18 to 24 hours.
[0023] In one embodiment the reaction of paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base may be carried out in an aqueous medium in presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The aqueous medium used may be water or water mixed with a water miscible organic solvent.
The phase transfer catalyst may be selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, crown ethers, cryptands and polyethylene glycols and the like
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
The reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base may be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent.
The organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons like methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride; nitriles like acetonitrile, propionitrile; alkyl acetates like ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ketones like acetone propanone and the like. Preferably halogenated hydrocarbon like methylene dichloride is used.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in the presence of a mixture of 4-dimethylamino pyridine and potassium carbonate in methylene dichloride.
The amount of palmitoyl chloride used is in the range of about 2 to about 4 moles of the amount of paliperidone used.
The palmitoyl chloride may be added directly to the reaction mixture or may be dissolved in the organic solvent.
In one embodiment, the palmitoyl chloride in methylene dichloride is added slowly in portions to the reaction mixture containing paliperidone, methylene dichloride potassium carbonate and 4-dimethylamino pyridine. After addition of ■ the first portion of palmitoyl chloride in methylene dichloride, the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for about 2 to 3 hours followed by addition of the next portion of palmitoyl chloride in methylene dichloride and stirring for a period of about 10 to 15 hours.
[0033] After completion of the reaction, the product may be isolated from the reaction mixture by standard techniques.
[0034] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for purifying paliperidone palmitate comprising recrystallizing paliperidone palmitate- from acetone.
[0035] The recrystallization of paliperidone palmitate from acetone may be carried out by dissolving the paliperidone palmitate in acetone and refluxing the reaction mixture. Then, this is followed by cooling with stirring to obtain purified paliperidone palmitate, which can be isolated by filtration. In one embodiment of the present invention, the refluxing may be carried for a period of about 20 minutes to about 2 hours, preferably for about 30 minutes followed by cooling at about 45-50°C for a period of about 10-20 minutes, followed by cooling to about 25- 30°C for about 1-3 hours preferably about 1.5 hours to obtain purified paliperidone palmitate.
[0036] In one embodiment the present invention provides a process for controlling the particle size of paliperidone palmitate depending on the rate of stirring during cooling of the reaction mixture.
[0037] In one embodiment, when the mixture in the process directly described above, is stirred continuously, paliperidone palmitate with D 0 less than about 30 μπ\ is obtained.
[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the paliperidone palmitate has D! 0 of about . 5μηι, D50 about 12 μπι, and D90 about 25 μηι. In one embodiment when the mixture in the process directly described above is not stirred D90 more than about 40μηι is obtained.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the purification of palmitic acid comprising use of alcohols as solvents.
Various alcohols may be used for the above process. Preferably C1-C5 alcohols may be used. The C1-C5 alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol.
The process involves addition of palmitic acid to an alcoholic solvent followed by precipitation of the palmitic acid. Preferably such process includes dissolving the palmitic acid in alcohol at higher temperatures followed by cooling to room temperature to precipitate the purified palmitic acid. The procedures for isolation of palmitic acid are well known to a person of skill in the art which include filtration, or evaporation of the solvent.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for purification of palmitic acid comprising dissolution of palmitic acid in an alcoholic solvent followed by addition of an antisolvent to precipitate the product. Preferably Cl - C5 alcohols may be used. The C 1-C5 alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol,, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol.
In one embodiment, the process involves addition of methanol to palmitic acid. The reaction mixture obtained is heated, preferably at a temperature in the range of 60 - 70 °C. The heating may be carried out for a period of about 10 minutes to 1 hour; preferably for 30 minutes. The amount of methanol used may be approximately 2-3 times the amount of palmitic acid used. The reaction mixture obtained may be cooled with stirring for a period of about 1 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of about 25-30 °C to precipitate the palmitic acid. The precipitated palmitic acid may be separated from the reaction mixture by filtration or by any other method known in the art. If required the obtained palmitic acid is purified by repeating the above procedure.
[0045] The process of purification of palmitic acid as described above provides palmitic acid containing less than 0.2% of other fatty acids as measured by GC.
[0046] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
a. purifying palmitic acid with an alcoholic solvent ;
b. optionally converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitic acid derivative; and
c. reacting the palmitic acid or its derivative with paliperidone to obtain paliperidone palmitate
[0047] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparation of paliperidorie palmitate comprising purification of palmitic acid by dissolution of palmitic acid in an alcoholic solvent at higher temperatures followed by cooling to room temperature. Preferably C1-C5 alcohols may be used. The C 1 -C5 alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol.
[0048] In one embodiment, the present invention involves purification of palmitic acid with an alcoholic solvent optionally followed by converting the palmitic acid so obtained to a palmitic acid derivative. Preferably the palmitic acid derivative may be palmitoyl chloride or palmitic anhydride.
[0049] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparation of a palmitoyl chloride comprising purification of palmitic acid using alcoholic solvents followed by conversion of the so purified palmitic acid to the palmitoyl chloride. [0050] In one embodiment, the process involves dissolution of palmitic acid in C1-C5 alcohols, preferably methanol, followed by cooling to room temperature to obtain purified palmitic acid which is converted to palmitoyl chloride.
[0051] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparation of palmitoyl chloride comprising converting the purified palmitic acid to palmitoyl chloride using chlorinating agents such as phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous pentachloride, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride and the like. Preferably the chlorinating agent may be thionyl chloride. The reaction may optionally be carried out in the presence of catalysts such as dimethylformamide.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides process for preparation of palmitoyl chloride comprising chlorination of the purified palmitic acid with thionyl chloride in DMF. The palmitoyl chloride obtained may be isolated from the mixture by fractionation under reduced pressure.
[0053] The process described above provides palmitoyl chloride containing less than
0.15% of other fatty acid chlorides.
[0054] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the purification of palmitoyl chloride comprising high vacuum distillation of palmitoyl chloride.
[0055] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
a. purifying palmitic acid using an alcoholic solvent ;
b. converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitoyl chloride;
. c. reacting the palmitoyl chloride with paliperidone in the presence of a mixture of bases to obtain paliperidone palmitate; and
d. recrystallizing paliperidone palmitate.
[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
a. purifying palmitic acid in methanol; b. converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitoyl chloride by
treating with thionyl chloride in DMF as solvent;
c. reacting the palmitoyl chloride with paliperidone in the presence of a mixture of 4-dimefhylamino pyridine and potassium carbonate in methylene dichloride to obtain paliperidone palmitate; and
d. recrystallization of paliperidone palmitate from acetone
[0057] In one embodiment, the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.15% of paliperidone as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Preferably less than 0.1 % , more preferably absent.
[0058] The paliperidone palmitate so prepared contains less than 0.15% of any other ester with a fatty acid as determined by HPLC, As used herein "any other ester with a fatty acid" refers to any ester of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid other than palmitic acid, with C4 to C28 carbon atoms.
[0059] In one embodiment, the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.15% of paliperidone myristate as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
[0060] In one embodiment, the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.10% of paliperidone pentadecanate as measured by HPLC.
[0061] In one embodiment, the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having less than about 0.10% paliperidone stearate as measured by HPLC.
[0062] In one embodiment, the present invention provides paliperidone palmitate having bacterial endotoxin not more than 1 EU/mg.
[0063] In one embodiment, the present invention provides characterization of paliperidone palmitate via X-ray powder diffraction pattern, which is substantially in accordance with Figure 1. The X-Ray powder diffraction can be measured by an X-ray powder diffractometer and was performed -on a Philips X'pert PRO Diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation (Cu Κα1=1.5406θΑ). The X-ray source is' operated at 45 kV and 40mA. Spectra are recorded at start angle from 2° to 50° 20, a step size 0.0167° with a time per step of 1000 seconds.
[0064] The present invention provides paliperidone palmitate prepared by the process directly herein described, having purity greater than about 97.5% area, as measured by HPLC.
[0065] The present invention provides paliperidone palmitate prepared by the process directly herein described, having a purity greater than about 98 % area, as measured by HPLC, preferably greater than 99% more preferably about 99.5% area as measured by HPLC.
[0066] The purity by high performance liquid chromatography ("HPLC") was carried out as described below:
Reagents, Solvents and Standards:
Water (Milli Q or equivalent)
Acetonitrile (HPLC grade)
Methanol (HPLC grade)
70% Perchloric acid (GR Grade)
[0067] Chromatographic Conditions:
Apparatus: A High Performance Liquid Chromatograph equipped with quaternary gradient pumps, variable wavelength UV detector attached with data recorder and integrator software.
Column: Inertsil C8-3, 250 x 4.6mm, 5μ [Part No.: C N-5020-01901]
Column temperature: 30°C
Mobile Phase:
Mobile Phase A = Buffer
Buffer : Adjust pH of water to 2.2 with diluted Perchloric acid (10% in water). Mobile Phase B = Acetonitrile. Diluent: Methanol
Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/minute
Detection: UV 280nm
Injection Volume: 20
68] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing aseptic crystalline paliperidone palmitate, said process comprising
(a) heating paliperidone palmitate in a solvent system
(b) filtering the solution over a sterile filter into a sterile vessel;
(c) cooling the solution to precipitate paliperidone palmitate; and
(d) isolating the paliperidone palmitate by filtration.
[0069] The solvent system may be selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols, nitriles, ketones, esters, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and water or mixtures thereof.
[0070] The alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, pentanol and the like or mixtures thereof. Preferably high purity grade alcohol may be used.
[0071] The glycols may be selected from polyalkylene glycols and mixtures thereof wherein the polyalkylene glycols have a molecular weight of 200, 400, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, 2000 and 4000, for example polyethylene glycol.
[0072] The nitriles may be selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like
[0073] The ketone may be selected from the group consisting of acetone, propanone and the like.
[0074] The esters may be selected from the group consisting of ethylacetate, butyl acetate and the like.
[0075] The ethers may be selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and the like.
[0076] The hydrocarbon may be selected from the group consisting of hexane, heptane, toluene, benzene and the like.
[0077] The halogenated hydrocarbon may be selected from the group consisting of methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride and the like. [0078] Preferably the solvent system is selected from class 3 solvents as listed in ICH guidelines like acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-butanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, propanol.
[0079] In one embodiment, ethanol is used as a solvent.
[0080] In one embodiment, parenteral grade ethanol is used as a solvent.
[0081] In one embodiment, a mixture of isopropanol and water is used as solvent.
[0082] In one embodiment, acetone is used as solvent.
[0083] The paliperidone palmitate in solvent system is heated to the refluxing temperature of solvent to obtain solution of paliperidone palmitate.
[0084] The hot solution of paliperidone palmitate in solvent is filtered over a sterile filter having pore size of 0.22 μ or less and cooled to room temperature or below to precipitate paliperidone palmitate which is isolated from the solvent by filtration. The paliperidone palmitate thus obtained is dried in vacuum to obtain aseptic crystalline paliperidone palmitate.
[0085] The aseptic crystalline paliperidone palmitate obtained by the process of the present invention may be . used for formulating an injectable suspension of paliperidone palmitate.
[0086] The following examples are provided to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention and are merely illustrative of the invention. The examples should not be read as limiting the scope of the invention as defined in the features and advantages.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate
70 g of paliperidone was added to 875ml of methylene dichloride at about 25 °C to about 30°C. Potassium carbonate (45.4 g) was added followed by addition of 4-dimethyl amino pyridine (7.0 g). The reaction mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes. Meanwhile 50 g palmitoyl chloride was diluted in 1 12 ml of methylene dichloride. The above prepared palmitoyl chloride solution was added over a period of about 2 hours and the stirring was continued at about 25-30°C for about 3 hours. A solution of 19g palmitoyl chloride in 40.0 ml methylene dichloride was added and the stirring was continued at about 25-30° C for about an hour. A solution of 19g palmitoyl chloride in 40.0 ml methylene dichloride was added and the stirring was continued at about 25-30°C for about 12 hours. 10 g of potassium carbonate was added. A solution of 9g palmitoyl chloride in 20.0 ml methylene dichloride was added and the stirring was continued at about 25-30° C for about 4 hours. The completion of reaction was monitored by HPLC. The reaction mixture was filtered through Hyflo bed and washed with methylene dichloride (100 ml). The clear filtrate was washed with 10% sodium carbonate solution (2 x 600 ml). The organic layer was concentrated. To the residue, acetone was added and heated to reflux to get a clear solution. The clear solution was charcoalised and stirring was continued. The solution was filtered through a Hyflo bed and the Hyflo bed was washed with acetone (200 ml). The filtrate was cooled under stirring. The solid product was filtered and washed with acetone and dried in a tray drier. Acetone was added to 63 g of the solid obtained. The reaction mixture was heated at a temperature of about 55-60° C for about 30 minutes to get a clear solution. The solution was cooled with stirring to about 45-50° C for about 10 minutes and further cooled to about 25-30° C for about 90 minutes. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with acetone. The solid obtained was dried to obtain 56g of paliperidone palmitate.
Purity by HPLC: 99.5%
Impurity Profile
Impurity profile:
Figure imgf000016_0001
The bacterial endotoxin limit: not more than lEU/mg. [0087] Example 2: Purification of palmitic acid
A 5 lit four necked round bottomed flask containing the mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermo pocket with thermometer was charged with 1000 g of palmitic acid (3.9 mol) and 2000 ml methanol. The suspension was stirred and heated to reflux temperature to complete dissolution by maintaining at about 60-64 °C for about 30 min and then was cooled to about 25- 30 °C. The suspension obtained, was stirred for about an hourand filtered off under suction. The wet solid (1 100 g) was recrystallized by dissolving again in 2500 ml of methanol at about 60 to 64 °C followed by cooling to about 25 to 30 °C. The suspension was stirred for about an hour and filtered off under suction. The wet product was dried for about 12 h in air oven at about 45- 50°C. The yield obtained was 50% by weight. Purity: 99.93% area by GC, content of other fatty acids was less than 0.1%.
[0088] Example-3: Preparation of Palmitoyl chloride.
A 1 lit four necked round bottomed flask containing the mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermo pocket with thermometer was charged with 200 g of Palmitic acid (0.78 mol), 139.23 g of thionyl chloride (1.17 mol) and 4 ml of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction mass was fractionated under reduced pressure, and main fraction was collected at vapor temperature about 160 to 165 °C. The obtained yield was 68% (purity: 99.56% area by GC, other fatty acid chlorides mainly myristoyl chloride and stearoyl chloride were less than 0.1 %).
[0089] Example 4: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone palmitate (5.0 g) was dissolved in mixture of isopropyl alcohol (18.0ml) and water (2.0ml) at about 80-85°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 20-25°C in 45.0 min and stirred for about 60 min at about 20-25°C. The solid was filtered and washed with IPA. The wet product dried at about 50-55°C in air oven. Dry wt: 4.8 g Particle size distribution: d 10: 4.59 μιη; d 50: 1 1.19 μκι; d 90: 23.06 μπι
[0090] Example 5: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone palmitate . (5.0 g) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (25.0ml) at about 78- 82°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 20-25°C in about 45.0 min and maintained for about 60 min at about 20-25°C under stirring. The solid product was filtered and washed with absolute ethanol (10.0 ml). The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in air oven. Dry wt: 4.7 g
Particle size distribution: d 10: 4.72 μπι; d 50: 1 1.44μ m; d 90: 23.39μ m [0091] Example 6: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate
24.0 g of Paliperidone palmitate residue obtained from example 1 , after methylene dichloride removal was dissolved in commercial ethanol (121.0 ml) at about 78-82°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 25-30°C in about 60 min and stirred for about 60 min at about 20-25°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with commercial ethanol (24.0 ml). The wet product dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 18.84 g
d 10: 5.51 μιη; d 50: 12.66 μπι; d 90: 25.1 1 μιη
Figure imgf000017_0001
[0092] Example 7: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate 24.0 g of Paliperidone palmitate residue obtained from example 1 , after methylene dichloride removal was dissolved in IPA (96.0 ml) at about 80-85°C. The solution was gradually cooled to about 25-30°C in about 60.0 min and stirred for about an hour at about 20-25°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with IPA. The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 19.06 g
d 10: 6.27 μη ;ά 50: 4.48 μιη;ά ,90: 28.20 μπι
Figure imgf000018_0001
[0093] Example 8: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone palmitate (10.0 g) was dissolved in acetone (200.0 ml) at about 55-60°C. The solution was gradually cooled without stirring at about 25-30°C in about 3.0 h and stirred for about 15 min at about 25-30°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with acetone (10.0 ml). The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 8.8 g.
Particle size distribution: d 10: 6.65 μιη; d 50: 17.46 μιη; d 90: 40.70 μηι
[0094] Example 9: Preparation of paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone palmitate (10.0 g) was dissolved in acetone (350.0 ml) at about 55-60°C. The solution was gradually cooled at about 25-30°C in about 1.5h and stirred for about 15 min at about 25-30°C. The solid product was filtered and washed with acetone (10.0 ml). The wet product was dried at about 50-55°C in an air oven for about 8 h. Dry wt: 8.8 g
Particle size distribution: d 10: 5.24 μπι; d 50: 10.33 μη ; d 90: 19.04 μιη
Comparative Examples [0095] Comparative Example 1 Reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride using 4-dimethyl amino pyridine
2 g of paliperidone in 20 ml of methylene dichloride were placed into a round bottom flask. 0.14g of 4-dimethyl amino pyridine was added and the reaction stirred at about 25- 30° C for about 30 minutes. 1.6 ml of palmitoyl chloride was added and stirred at about room temperature. The reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The reaction did not initiate (i.e. no reaction occurred) even after 24 hours, as was evident from the absence of a new spot in TLC.
[0096] Comparative Example 2
Reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride using 4-dimethyl amino pyridine
In a round bottom flask, 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added to 2 g of paliperidone.0.14g of 4-dimethyl amino pyridine was added and the reaction stirred at about 25-30°C for about 30 minutes. 1.6 ml of palmitoyl chloride was added and stirred at about room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction did not initiate even after 24 hours as was evident from the absence of a new spot in TLC.
[0097] Comparative Example 3
Reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride using potassium carbonate
In a round bottom flask, 20 ml of methylene dichloride was added to 2 g of paliperidone.1.3 g of 10% potassium carbonate solution was added and the reaction stirred at about 25-30° C for about 30 minutes. 1.6 ml of palmitoyl chloride was added and stirred at about room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction did not initiate even after 24 hours as was evident from the absence of a new spot in TLC.
[0098] Comparative Example 4
Reaction of paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride using potassium carbonate
In a round bottom flask 62.50 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added to 5 g of paliperidone.3.23 g of potassium carbonate was added and the reaction stirred at about 25- 30° C for about 30 minutes. 3.94 ml of palmitoyl chloride diluted with 8 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added and stirred at about room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction did not initiate even after 24 hours as was evident from the absence of a new spot in TLC.

Claims

Claims
1. A process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitic acid or its derivative in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the palmitic acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride, symmetric or asymmetric palmitic anhydride and ester or amide of palmitic acid.
ft
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the palmitic acid derivative is palmitoyl chloride.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, Ν,Ν-dimethylaniline, pyridine derivatives, l,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, l ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, tri-n-butylamine, N-methylmorpholine and alkali metal alkoxides.
5. A process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the pyridine derivative is dialkylamino pyridine.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal bicarbonates and metal hydrides.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the organic* base is dialkylamino pyridine and the inorganic base is alkali metal carbonate.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the organic base is 4-dimethylamino pyridine and the inorganic base is potassium carbonate.
9. A process as claimed in claim 1 comprising reacting paliperidone with palmitoyl chloride in presence of a mixture of dimethylamino pyridine and potassium carbonate.
10. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the. reaction is carried out at room temperature.
1 1. A process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the palmitoyl chloride is purified by high vacuum distillation.
12. A process for the purification of paliperidone palmitate comprising recrystallizing paliperidone palmitate from acetone.
13. A process for the purification of palmitic acid said purification process comprising use of alcoholic solvents.
14. A process as claimed in claim 13 wherein the alcoholic solvent is methanol.
15. A process as claimed in claim 13 wherein the palmitic acid obtained contains less than about 0.15% of any other fatty acid as measured by gas chromatography.
16. A process for the preparation of paliperidone palmitate comprising
a. purifying palmitic acid with an alcoholic solvent ;
b. optionally converting the palmitic acid obtained in step a) to a palmitic acid derivative; and
c. reacting the palmitic acid or its derivative with paliperidone to obtain
paliperidone palmitate.
17. A process as claimed in claim 16 wherein in step c) the reaction is performed in the presence of a mixture of an organic base and an inorganic base.
18. A process as claimed in claim 16 wherein in step b) the palmitic acid derivative is palmitoyl chloride or palmitic acid anhydride.
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SMITH, J.C. CXI.: 'Higher Aliphatic Compounds. Part I. The Systems Ethyl Palmitate-Ethyl Stearate and Hexadecyl Alcohol-Octadecyl Alcohol.' JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SOCIETY(RESUMED) 01 January 1931, ISSN 0368-1769 pages 802 - 807, XP009117470 *

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CN109400602A (en) * 2017-08-15 2019-03-01 正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of palmitinic acid 9-hydroxy-risperidone
CN109400602B (en) * 2017-08-15 2021-09-28 正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司 Preparation method of paliperidone palmitate
CN113024546A (en) * 2019-12-25 2021-06-25 江苏晶立信医药科技有限公司 Preparation method of small-particle-size paliperidone palmitate
CN113024546B (en) * 2019-12-25 2022-06-10 江苏晶立信医药科技有限公司 Preparation method of small-particle-size paliperidone palmitate
CN111533737A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-14 烟台大学 4-fluorophlipiperidone palmitate and preparation method and application thereof
CN114181206A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-15 辰欣药业股份有限公司 Preparation method of paliperidone palmitate
CN116678982A (en) * 2023-08-01 2023-09-01 济南辰欣医药科技有限公司 Detection method of paliperidone palmitate impurity SM1-G
CN116678982B (en) * 2023-08-01 2023-10-27 济南辰欣医药科技有限公司 Detection method of paliperidone palmitate impurity SM1-G

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