WO2013045984A1

WO2013045984A1 - Downwind generator

Info

Publication number: WO2013045984A1
Application number: PCT/IB2012/001262
Authority: WO
Inventors: Salamu YAKHYAEV
Original assignee: Yakhyaev Salamu
Priority date: 2011-09-15
Filing date: 2012-08-13
Publication date: 2013-04-04

Abstract

Device for converting the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy, differs by the absence sensor to determine the velocity of the wind, and differs in that it has an inclined axis of rotation of the rotor (X'), inclined axis of blades (Z, Z'), with respect to the rotor axis (X'), and 'floating' blades (b), reacting to changes in wind speed at once, that allows to increase area of the blades considerably, and allows the device to operate in all weather conditions without stopping, allows considerably expand the geography of the effective use of the device, allows to increase the performance of the device several times and makes it more reliable and competitive.

Description

A DOWNWIND GENERATOR

These improvements relate to renewable energy, namely to transformation of a wind power in electric energy.

These changes can be used both for large wind turbines and for wind generators of low power.

On known wind generators with a horizontal-axis of a rotor, the generator, transformers, gear box etc. located in the nacelle.

I believe that this arrangement of the generator, and also, contents of the nacelle, complicates the work on its installation, operation and maintenance.

Moreover, if we are going to increase the capacity of the wind generator up to 10 times, then will be necessary to increase the weight and volume of the generator, transformers etc., and that will require to increase the volume of the nacelle. It can be very uncomfortable and even dangerous, as the nacelle is at high altitude and under high loads. In addition, generator and all that is in the nacelle subjected to almost constant load from the vibration due to rotation of the rotor and rocking from the wind. And the more weight and volume of the nacelle, the greater load from the vibration and from swaying caused by wind gusts and speed of rotation of the rotor.

If you pay attention to the sensor, installed on the nacelle to determine the speed of the wind, it turns the blade toward the direction of motion of wind only after it has already got hit by wind gust. This means that the possibility of breakage, wear parts and the need for frequent routine inspections and services increases.

These disadvantages increase cost of the wind generator and make it uncompetitive.

1. Generator etc. located in the nacelle

2. A small area of the blades

3. The sensor, for determination the velocity of the wind, does not react quickly enough (i.e. turns the blades in a safe position just after impact by a gust of wind has been received)

4. Inefficiency in stormy weather (existing versions usually stop in stormy weather, to avoid accidents)

5. Unsolved problems of the load on the blades when the blades pass behind the tower, with respect to the direction of the wind 6. Unreliability of sensors for determination the velocity of wind to sudden or significant changes in temperature. For example, below -20°

According to the invention there is provided the downwind generator which has the following differences compared to existing options:

• An inclined axis of rotation of the rotor

• Angle between the axis of the rods of the blades and the axis of the rotor is less than 90°

• Floating blades are installed so that they can rotate around its own axis up to 90° and can move away from the axis of the rotor and can move toward the axis of the rotor, under pressure of the centrifugal forces and under pressure of strong wind gust

• Contents of the nacelle located inside of the tower

• There is rotor shaft between rotor and generator with an angle less than 90°

• Rotor shaft between the rotor and the generator is installed so that it does not interfere with upper movable part of the tower (UMPT)

• Significantly reduced impact from the tower shadow

• Possibility to increase the area of the blades up to 45°

• Possibility to work in stormy weather without stopping

• Possibility to reduce the length of the tower

• Possibility significantly increase productivity of the wind generator

• Reliability

• Durability

• Quiet operation

• Ease of operation and maintenance

• Resistance to high and low temperatures

• No sensor to determine the velocity of the wind

• The possibility of using a generator(s), transformers etc. with higher power &

volume

• Improved wind generator reacts to changes of wind direction and wind velocity,

immediately

• Generator is installed vertically, with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the generator The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of an embodiment thereof, given by way of an example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

• Fig.1 is the location of the main parts of the downwind generator "MOH"

• Fig.2 is front view of the downwind generator "MOH"

• Fig.3 is side view of the downwind generator "MOH"

• Fig.4 is side view of the existing version of the downwind generator

• Fig. 5 shows the position of the special device after exposure to centrifugal forces or after pressure of the strong wind gust Rounded large arrow shows the direction of spring pressure, with double arrow shows the direction of the pressure of centrifugal force, and a line arrow shows the direction of the pressure of wind force.

• Fig. 6 shows the position of a special device in the normal position. I.e. when the force of spring pressure above the pressure force of the centrifugal forces or above the pressure force gust of wind.

• Fig.7 is a detail of a portion of the downwind generator "MOH" Fig.1

• Fig.8 is a detail of a portion of the downwind generator "MOH" Fig.1

Referring to the drawings, technical solution of these disadvantages are to locate contents of the nacelle (Fig.4 (n)) inside the tower of the wind generator (Fig.l;2;3(c)). With this arrangement, loads on the generators), on the transformers etc. (from the vibration due to rotation of the rotor and rocking from the wind) are significantly reduced. That reduces maintenance work of the wind generator and make it more reliable and durable. In this case, we can use the lift to raise the generator, gearbox, transformers etc. to the installation site and lowered to ground level when we need it.

Cost of work at high altitude and the cost of work at ground level are different. Also, requirements to comply with safety regulations for working at high altitude are significantly different from the requirements to comply with safety at ground level .

Fewer parts, machinery installed on the upper movable part of the tower (UMPT) (Fig.l ;2;3(a)), the less time spent on use of expensive equipment (crane, etc.), for installation and replacement of parts and mechanisms on UMPT of the wind generator (Fig.l;2;3(a)). Release of the UMPT (a) from generator (d), from transformers, etc. will make it significantly lighter, and the less weight of the UMPT (a) of wind generator, the easier for wind gusts (Fig.1(e)) to rotate it towards its movement.

It follows that under this arrangement of contents of nacelle, the UMPT (a) of wind generator will be very sensitive (to respond quickly) to changes in the direction of movement of the wind (e).

Also, with this arrangement, the contents of the nacelle (n) and UMPT (a) becomes possible to repair and maintenance of the contents of the nacelle, even in bad, stormy weather.

The upper movable part of the tower (UMPT) (Fig.l ;2;3(a)) of the wind generator installed so as to rotate freely on the tower (Fig.l;2;3(c)) in any direction (on the right or on the left), depending on the direction of the motion of the wind (e).

In running the UMPT (a) of wind generator always directed toward the direction of movement of wind.

UMPT (a) is deeply planted on the tower (c). Such an arrangement of UMPT (a) on the top of the tower, makes it more reliable.

An inclined axis of the rotor (Fig.l(X')) and an inclined axis of the blades (Fig.l(Z;Z')) offer the following benefits :

1. The angle of rotor shaft (f) can be significantly less than 90°.

2. The lower part of the rotor (Fig.1 (Z¹)) also serves as a tail, which turns UMPT and keeps it in the direction of movement of wind.

3. Significantly reduced impact from the tower shadow (Fig.1 (Z¹)).

4. Possibility to reduce the length of the tower

5. Extend the life of the rods and blades.

As an example, consider an inclined axis of the rotor (Fig.l(X')) and inclined angle of the axis of the blades (Fig.l(Z;Z')) at an angle of 30°.

The direction of the wind pressure is shown with line arrows, the direction of the pressure of centrifugal forces shown with double arrows (Fig.l).

The direction of the wind pressure on the blades are not the same. On the axis Z is at an angle of 90°, and at the axis Z¹ is at an angle of 30°, i.e. pressure of the wind on the blades at an axis Z¹ is much smaller.

As well as the longer blade on axis Z', the further it moves away from the vertical axis of the tower (Fig.1(c)), i.e. significantly reduced the impact force from tower shadow on the blades on the axis Z¹.

Two-thirds of the pressure force of the centrifugal forces is working on stretching of the blades from the axis of the rotor (X¹), and one-third of the pressure force of the centrifugal forces working to increase the angle between the axis of the rotor (Χ') and the axis of the blades (Fig.l (Z;Z')) up to 90°, i.e. to the axis Y¹. In other words, increase the angle from 120° (Fig.l(Z;Z')) to 180° (Y¹).

It means that after the start of the rotation of the rotor, the higher wind pressure will rise and increase the speed of rotation of the rotor, the higher up the resistance of the centrifugal forces against wind pressure on the blades.

In other words, the centrifugal forces will not allow wind pressure to bend the rods of the blades and the blades too. This quality can extend the life of the rods and blades.

Setting angle of blade 's axis (Fig.1(Z;Z')) is equal to the angle setting rotor 's axis (X¹).

If we place the contents of nacelle inside of the tower (c) it becomes necessary to connect the rotor shaft (f) of the wind generator with generator (d) (Fig.l), breaking angle less than 90° (Fig.1(f)). With today's science and technology this can be easy to achieve. For example, we can use CV joints.

Rotor shaft (Fig.1(f)) firmly fixed inside of the UMPT (Fig.1(a)) and inside of the tower (Fig.1(c)) of wind generator, with possibility freely to rotate around its own axis, to transfer the rotations on the generator (d).

With such CV joints connection and fixing the rotor shaft (Fig.1(f)) between rotor (b) and generator (d), UMPT of the wind generator (Fig.1(a)) can freely rotate towards the direction of motion of the wind (e), regardless of the rotation of the rotor (b). Such connection of the rotor shaft (f) will allow them work at the same time, but separately, without interfering to each other. We can install any number of floating blades (Fig.8) on the rotor, one or more. For example, consider the three-rotor floating blades (Fig. 2(b)).

The floating blades are installed on the rods (Fig.8(j)). Closer to the axis of the rotor designed spring (Fig. 8(k)) to return the floating blade to its original state, after its turning under pressure of the wind gust and under pressure of the centrifugal forces or keep it in its original state.

There is a special device (Fig.5;6;8(g)) that provides an appropriate twist the blades, under pressure of wind forces and under pressure of the centrifugal forces.

Floating blades (b) are installed so that they can rotate around its own axis up to 90° and can move away from the axis of the rotor (X¹) and can move toward the axis of the rotor (X¹), under pressure of the centrifugal forces and under pressure of strong wind gust.

Sharp, strong gust of wind can turn the floating blades up to 90°. Wind pressure drops immediately if it is higher than the calculated values.

This quality makes the downwind generator "MOH" more durable and competitive.

In stormy weather, when the wind is particularly fast and can speed up the rotor to the destructive power, the centrifugal forces (Fig.l;5(double arrow)) pulling the blades away from the axis of rotor (Fig.l(X')). The spring pressure is reduced (Fig.5(rounded large arrow)), because the pressure from the centrifugal forces increases and wind (Fig.1 ;5(line arrow)) is easily turns the blades on its direction of motion and centrifugal forces not allow the wind to accelerate the rotations above the calculated speed (Fig.l;5(double arrow)).

There are parking breaks (Figl(i) to enable maintenance or in the event of malfunction.

Claims

0)

A Downwind generator "MOH" related to renewable energy, for transformation of a wind power in electric energy, comprising:

an inclined axis of rotation of the rotor;

inclined axes of the blades, wherein angle between the axes of the rods, on which installed the blades, and the axis of the rotor are less than 90°;

'floating' blades, installed so that they can rotate around its own axis up to 90° and can move away from the axis of the rotor and can move toward the axis of the rotor, under pressure of the centrifugal forces or under pressure of strong wind gust;

(2)

A Downwind generator "MOH" related to renewable energy, for transformation of a wind power in electric energy, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the floating blades installed on the rods, closer to the axis of the rotor designed spring to return the floating blade to its original state, after its txirning under pressure of the wind gust or under pressure of the centrifugal forces or keep it in its original state and there is a special device that provides an appropriate twist the blades, under pressure of wind force and under pressure of the centrifugal forces.

(3)

A Downwind generator "MOH" related to renewable energy, for transformation of a wind power in electric energy, as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

rotor shaft with an angle more than 90° firmly fixed inside of the upper movable part of the tower and inside of the tower of wind generator, with possibility freely to rotate around its own axis, to transfer the rotations of the rotor on the generator and installed so that it does not interfere with work of the upper movable part of the tower;

(4)

generator is installed vertically, with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the generator