WO2013044847A1 - 天线装置 - Google Patents

天线装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013044847A1
WO2013044847A1 PCT/CN2012/082322 CN2012082322W WO2013044847A1 WO 2013044847 A1 WO2013044847 A1 WO 2013044847A1 CN 2012082322 W CN2012082322 W CN 2012082322W WO 2013044847 A1 WO2013044847 A1 WO 2013044847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
radio frequency
antenna device
module
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/082322
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒲涛
覃佐君
何平华
孙德文
孙伟华
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to KR1020147010012A priority Critical patent/KR20140060370A/ko
Priority to EP12835795.1A priority patent/EP2755276A4/en
Priority to CA2850206A priority patent/CA2850206A1/en
Publication of WO2013044847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013044847A1/zh
Priority to US14/229,484 priority patent/US20140213322A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the early product architecture of a wireless distributed base station system is generally a "RRU (Radio Remote Unit) + antenna” mode in which the antenna is a passive unit.
  • RRU+antenna generally has three connection implementation forms, namely:
  • the RRU is at the bottom of the tower, the antenna is on the tower, and the two are connected by cables;
  • the RRU is on the tower, close to the antenna, installed at the bottom or the back of the antenna, and connected by cables;
  • the RRU is directly on the antenna, and is blindly inserted or connected through a cable.
  • the RRU is usually directly behind the back of the antenna.
  • One of the antennas can carry one RRU or multiple RRUs.
  • the RRU is connected to the antenna via a cable or through a blind plug connection. Both connections require a waterproof design.
  • multiple RRUs can be mounted on one antenna.
  • the duplexer When the blind plug connection is used in the integrated mode of the RRU and the antenna, the duplexer can be mounted on the RRU side, and multiple pairs of radio frequency blind insertion interfaces are set on the duplexer, and the duplexer and the antenna are blindly connected. .
  • the duplexer may not be mounted on the RRU side, but mounted on the antenna side, and multiple pairs of radio frequency blind insertion interfaces are arranged on the duplexer, and the duplexer is blindly connected with the RRU.
  • the evolution trend of the later products is the integrated integration of the RRU and the antenna.
  • the antenna system integrated with the passive antenna and the passive antenna is generally called AAS (Active Antenna System), which will serve as the RRU of the active unit.
  • the base station antennas of the source units are integrated into one module and made into one unit for overall installation and maintenance.
  • the side where the RRU as the active unit is located is referred to as the active side
  • the side where the antenna as the passive unit is located is referred to as the antenna side.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna device to simplify field replacement and maintenance operations.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can be specifically implemented by the following technical solutions:
  • an antenna device comprising: an antenna assembly located on a passive side of the antenna device; a radio frequency unit located on an active side of the antenna device, composed of at least one separate radio frequency module, and the antenna The components are connected to form an active antenna, wherein each radio frequency module includes a radio frequency board; a common unit, located on an active side of the antenna device, is coupled to the radio frequency unit and the antenna assembly.
  • an antenna device comprising: an antenna assembly, located on a passive side of the antenna device, including a combiner, a phase shifter, and a shunt network; a radio frequency unit located on an active side of the antenna device, Composed of at least one individual radio frequency module and connected to the antenna assembly to form an active antenna, wherein each radio frequency module comprises a radio frequency board and a duplexer module; a common unit is located on the active side of the antenna device, Connected to the radio frequency unit.
  • an antenna device comprising: an antenna assembly located on a passive side of the antenna device, including a combiner, a phase shifter, and a shunt network; a radio frequency unit located in the antenna device Side, consisting of at least one separate RF module and connected to the antenna assembly To form an active antenna, wherein each radio frequency module includes a radio frequency board; a common unit, located on an active side of the antenna device, connected to the radio frequency unit; a replaceable duplexer component located at the antenna device The source side is connected between the antenna component and the radio frequency unit, and is composed of at least one single duplexer module, and each duplexer module is connected to one radio frequency module.
  • a base station including any of the antenna devices described above; and a communication system is provided, including the base station.
  • each RF module can be flexibly configured to meet the combination requirements of different products, and further to replace and maintain the site.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2a-2c are schematic diagrams showing various configurations of a radio frequency module and a common module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a common module to respective radio frequency modules according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing a second configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b are schematic diagrams showing a fourth configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams showing a fifth configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS In order to make the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the RRU is integrated with the passive antenna, and the RRU and the antenna are connected by a cable connection or a blind plug, but for the cable connection It does not support on-site replacement and maintenance.
  • the RRU with blind insertion it is difficult to replace and maintain it due to its large size and weight.
  • the RRU when the RRU is integrated with the passive antenna, the RRU needs to be integrated with the passive antenna for overall installation and maintenance.
  • the antenna is a low-frequency antenna, such as an 800M 900M antenna
  • the antenna length may reach 2m, or even 2.6m, and the overall weight may exceed 40kg.
  • the overall installation and maintenance operation is difficult and requires many people ( Usually 3 to 4 people) operate on the tower, and even some scenes require a crane, which is costly and difficult to operate.
  • the integrated integration of the above RRUs and passive antennas can support multiple frequency bands simultaneously, and can not flexibly configure each frequency band.
  • the AAS must be removed as a whole. After maintenance or replacement, the whole installation must be performed. The operation is relatively cumbersome and costly.
  • an antenna device in a wireless distributed base station system is provided. After the overall installation of the antenna device, when there is a need for maintenance or expansion and spread spectrum, the The antenna device is completely removed, and the active unit of the antenna device can be directly maintained on the tower.
  • the entire antenna device is divided into an active side and a passive side, and the passive side is an antenna component, also called a passive unit, and the active side is an RRU in the prior art.
  • active units as mentioned in the following description as radio frequency units and common units, they are collectively referred to as active units.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an antenna device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna assembly 11, a radio frequency unit 12, and a public Common unit 14.
  • the antenna assembly 11 is located on the passive side of the antenna device 10.
  • the radio frequency unit 12 is located on the active side of the antenna device 10, and is composed of at least one single radio frequency module 13 and is connected to the antenna assembly 11 to constitute an active antenna, wherein each radio frequency module 13 includes a radio frequency board 131.
  • a common unit 14 is located on the active side of the antenna device and is coupled to the RF unit 12 and the antenna 11 assembly.
  • radio frequency unit 12 of the embodiment of the present invention may be composed of two or more radio frequency modules 13.
  • "Separate" as used in the embodiments of the present invention means that the field can be independently installed, maintained or replaced.
  • the active unit in the existing antenna device is further divided into a radio frequency unit and a common unit, and the radio frequency unit and the common unit can be arbitrarily combined to satisfy different products and further subdivide the active unit into multiple With different modules, the dimensions and weight of each maintainable unit will be greatly reduced, resulting in a single operation on site.
  • an active unit of an antenna device is separated from an antenna component, wherein the antenna component may be a column of antennas, or may be a two-column antenna, a three-column antenna, or a multi-column antenna, and the antenna assembly supports high Frequency antenna, low frequency antenna, high frequency or high frequency antenna integration, and support antenna technology such as coaxial and resonant.
  • the antenna component may be a column of antennas, or may be a two-column antenna, a three-column antenna, or a multi-column antenna
  • the antenna assembly supports high Frequency antenna, low frequency antenna, high frequency or high frequency antenna integration, and support antenna technology such as coaxial and resonant.
  • the active unit is further divided into a common unit and a radio unit by function.
  • the radio frequency unit can be divided into at least one radio frequency module according to actual needs.
  • a common unit can also be divided into at least one common module.
  • 2a-2c are schematic diagrams showing various configurations of a radio frequency module and a common module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • CM Common Module
  • the radio frequency unit can be divided into M*1 radio frequency modules 13 and a single common module 15 is provided.
  • M is used to indicate the number of radio frequency modules in the vertical direction.
  • the radio frequency unit 12 can be divided into 1*N radio frequency modules 13 and a single common module 15 is provided, where N is used to indicate the number of radio frequency modules in the lateral direction.
  • N is used to indicate the number of radio frequency modules in the lateral direction.
  • the radio unit 12 can be divided into M*N radio modules 13 and the common unit is divided into a plurality of common modules 15.
  • M and N may be any positive integer
  • the common unit in Fig. 2c includes two common modules 15, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the common unit may be divided into positive integer common modules as needed.
  • RF modules are used to support simultaneous use of multiple frequency bands, and multiple RF modules can be combined to support the full frequency band supported by the antenna device.
  • different radio frequency modules of the multiple radio frequency modules can support different frequency bands or support the same frequency band.
  • the radio frequency module and the antenna component on the antenna side are connected by a blind plug or by a cable, and the connection manner can be the same as that of the RRU and the antenna in the prior art.
  • the common unit can be composed of one, two or more modules depending on actual needs.
  • one common frequency module can be used for one frequency band, or one common module can be shared by modules of two or more frequency bands. Therefore, the number of common modules can be set according to actual needs.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a common module to respective radio frequency modules in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the common module 15 may be connected to the respective radio frequency modules 13 through the backplane 16 mounted on the antenna side, and the connection may also be a blind plug connection or a cable connection, or the common module 15 may also directly pass through
  • the cable connection is connected to the RF module 13.
  • each radio frequency module 13 can also be connected to the antenna group on the antenna side through the backboard 16 or cable. Item 11. In FIG. 3, only two radio frequency modules 13 are shown for the sake of brevity, but the number of radio frequency modules may not be limited thereto.
  • a certain radio frequency module can also be replaced with a passive module to form a passive antenna of a certain frequency band.
  • the antenna assembly itself is a component of a passive antenna, it may include an antenna element corresponding to each frequency band, and may also include a small phase shifter connected to each antenna element, and a common radome. And at least one of the main reflectors.
  • the antenna assembly can be combined with the RF module and the common module. Instead, it is combined with a passive module to form a passive antenna.
  • the one or more columns of passive antennas also need to be connected to the RRUs in the existing antenna device to implement the functions of the antenna. That is to say, the modular architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention is not only suitable for an active antenna device, but also for a system in which an active antenna and a passive antenna are integrated, so that the case where an active antenna is not required can be avoided. Waste of resources caused.
  • the radio frequency unit includes a radio frequency board, and the radio frequency board includes a TX (transceiver: transceiver), and the radio frequency unit may also include a partial power supply, a duplexer, a part or all of the antenna side shunt network.
  • the common unit can contain thousands of connectors connected to the backplane, and can also contain power supplies, and may also include partial intermediate frequency processing.
  • the configuration of the common units of the different antenna devices may be substantially the same, and the specific configuration of the radio frequency unit and the antenna assembly may have different configurations according to different requirements. Different configurations of the radio frequency unit and the antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Figs. 4 to 8b.
  • the antenna assembly 11 on the antenna side includes: a radome 20, an antenna element 21, a main reflector 22, a common antenna combiner 23, and a phase shifter and shunt network 24.
  • the RF unit 12 includes a radio frequency board 25 and a duplexer module 26, such as a complete antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly 11 and the radio frequency unit 12 may also include other components not shown, for example, the antenna assembly 11 may include a resonator combiner.
  • the radio frequency unit 12 is blindly connected to the antenna assembly 11 or connected by a cable.
  • the number of blind insertions is relatively small, and the requirements for blind insertion are relatively low, so the implementation is simple.
  • the shunt network is used to implement one or more functions of the signal.
  • the signal of one TRX is driven by the splitting to drive two antenna vibrators, and the shunt network may have multiple levels of shunts.
  • the signal of one TRX drives four antennas after two stages and one network.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the components of the combiner 23, the phase shifter and the shunt network 24 of the antenna assembly 11 are placed on the active side, that is, placed on the radio frequency unit. 12, so that field replacement can be achieved with the active side.
  • the radio frequency unit 12 is blindly connected to the antenna assembly 11 or connected by a cable.
  • the normalization of the antenna is simpler in different frequency bands and different scenarios. That is, in all scenarios, the antenna can be replaced without changing the RF module.
  • the number of blind insertions in this configuration is relatively large, and the requirements for blind insertion are high.
  • the shunt network is divided into two parts, one part of which is on the antenna side, and the other part of the frequency band is the same, and the other part is different on the radio frequency module side.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a third configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the duplexer module 26 in the radio frequency unit 12 is further placed on the antenna side as shown in FIG. 6, so that the replaceable radio frequency unit 12 can only have the radio frequency board. 25.
  • the radio frequency unit 12 is blindly connected to the antenna assembly 11 or connected by a cable.
  • the minimum requirements for blind insertion are the same, but the number of blind insertions is Figure 4. Double the first configuration shown.
  • the blind insertion is blind insertion from the duplexer 26 to the radio frequency board 25, it is equivalent to blind insertion inside the radio frequency module, compared with the blind insertion of the duplexer to the antenna side, on the passive intermodulation. No requirements, low power.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b are schematic diagrams showing a fourth configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This fourth configuration may be based on the first configuration as shown in Fig. 4 or based on the second configuration as shown in Fig. 5.
  • components such as combiner 23, phase shifter and shunt network 24 in antenna assembly 11 are formed into a single replaceable combiner.
  • Component 27 when based on the second configuration as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 7a, the components of the combiner 23, the phase shifter and the shunt network 24 in the radio frequency unit 12 are made into a single replaceable joint.
  • Road component 27 when based on the second configuration as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 7a, the components of the combiner 23, the phase shifter and the shunt network 24 in the radio frequency unit 12 are made into a single replaceable joint.
  • Road component 27 when based on the second configuration as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 7a, the components of the combiner 23,
  • the separate replaceable combiner assembly 27 can be mounted to the antenna assembly 11 side, to the RF unit 12 side, or separately as shown in Figure 7b.
  • the combiner assembly in the case where the combiner assembly is separately mounted, it corresponds to the passive module previously described, thereby forming a passive antenna with the antenna assembly.
  • This separate replaceable combiner network can be replaced in the field.
  • the replaceable combiner assembly is blindly connected to the antenna side and the radio frequency unit or connected by a cable.
  • the configuration shown in Figures 7a and 7b the configuration is more flexible, and the switching between active and passive can be flexibly implemented, but the number of blind insertions is correspondingly increased.
  • FIG. 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams showing a fifth configuration of a radio frequency unit and an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fifth configuration may be based on the first configuration as shown in FIG. 4 or based on the third configuration as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the duplexer module 26 is removed from the radio frequency unit 12 and formed into a single replaceable duplexer assembly 28.
  • the duplexer module 26 is removed from the antenna assembly 11 and formed into a single replaceable duplexer assembly 28, as shown in Figure 8a.
  • the separate replaceable duplexer assembly 28 can also be mounted to the antenna assembly 11 side, or to the RF unit 12 side, or as shown in Figure 8b. Show separate installation.
  • This single replaceable duplexer assembly is field replaceable.
  • the replaceable combiner assembly is blindly connected to the antenna side and the radio frequency unit or connected by a cable.
  • Figures 8a and 8b In the configuration shown, the configuration is more flexible. When the RF unit is unchanged, only the duplexer can be switched to achieve different frequency bands, but the number of blind insertions increases accordingly.
  • the radio frequency unit belongs to the active side, and the antenna component belongs to the passive side, accordingly, the radio frequency is classified.
  • the devices of the unit are typically active components, while the devices that fall into the antenna assembly are typically passive components.
  • the radome, the antenna element, the reflector, and a small portion of the shunt network are always passive components, and the radio frequency plate is always an active component.
  • the combiner, phase shifter, duplexer module and other shunt networks can be either active components or passive components depending on whether they are on the antenna component side or the RF unit side.
  • the combiner, phase shifter, and other shunt networks are passive components, and the duplexer module is an active component; the second shown in FIG. In the configuration, the combiner, phase shifter, duplexer module and other shunt networks are all active components; in the third configuration shown in Figure 6, the combiner, phase shifter, duplexer Modules and other shunt networks are passive components.
  • replaceable combiner assembly 27 and the replaceable duplexer assembly 28 can be replaced separately if separated separately, either on the antenna side or on the active side.
  • the antenna device With the above-described antenna device according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to solve the problem that the overall replacement and maintenance in the prior art AAS-bodyization scheme is difficult. Moreover, by dividing the radio frequency unit into M*N modules according to actual configuration requirements, it can be flexibly configured to meet the combination requirements of different products. In addition, by making some units (such as duplexer components, combiner components) a separate, replaceable component, the configuration is more flexible, which further simplifies field replacement and maintenance operations.
  • some units such as duplexer components, combiner components
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a base station, which includes any of the antenna devices described in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a communication system, which comprises the above base station.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

提供了天线装置，包括：天线组件，位于所述天线装置的无源侧；射频单元，位于所述天线装置的有源侧，由至少一个单独的射频模块组成，并与所述天线组件连接以组成有源天线，其中，每个射频模块包括射频板；公共单元，位于所述天线装置的有源侧，与所述射频单元和天线组件连接。通过上述天线装置，可以灵活地配置每个射频模块，从而满足不同产品的组合需求，并进一步简化现场的更换和维护操作。

Description

天线装置 本申请要求于 2011 年 09 月 28 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110297379.3 , 发明名称为"天线装置"的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部 内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及无线通讯技术领域， 具体涉及一种天线装置。
背景技术 无线分布式基站系统早期的产品架构一般是" RRU( Radio Remote Unit: 射频拉远单元） +天线" 的方式， 其中天线是无源单元。 上述 "RRU+天线" 的方式一般有三种连接实现形式， 分别是：
1 ) RRU在塔底， 天线在塔上， 两者之间通过线缆连接；
2 ) RRU在塔上， 距离天线很近， 安装在天线底部或者后面， 两者之间 通过线缆连接；
3 )半集成方式， RRU直接背在天线上， 与天线之间盲插或者通过线缆 连接。
对于 RRU与天线的半集成方式来说， 一般是将 RRU直接背在天线背 后， 其中一根天线可以背一个 RRU, 也可以背多个 RRU。 RRU与天线之 间通过线缆连接， 或者通过盲插连接， 这两种连接方式均需要做好防水设 计。 当釆用电缆连接时， 可以在一根天线上安装多个 RRU。
当在 RRU 和天线的集成方式中釆用盲插连接时， 可以将双工器装在 RRU侧， 并在双工器上设置多对射频盲插接口， 双工器与天线之间盲插连 接。 此外， 在盲插连接中， 双工器也可以不是装在 RRU侧， 而是装在天线 侧， 并在双工器上设置多对射频盲插接口， 双工器与 RRU之间盲插连接。 后期产品的演进趋势是 RRU与天线一体化集成， 这种 RRU与无源天 线集成的天线系统一般称为 AAS ( Active Antenna System: 有源天线系统）， 其将作为有源单元的 RRU与作为无源单元的基站天线集成在一个模块中， 做成一个整体， 从而整体安装与维护。 通常， 将作为有源单元的 RRU所在 的一侧称为有源侧， 而将作为无源单元的天线所在的一侧称为天线侧。 在 安装具有一体化架构的 AAS时， 只需要安装天线即可。
但是， 在上述 RRU和天线的集成方式的情况下， 存在现场更换和维护 的困难。
发明内容 本发明实施例提供了一种天线装置， 以简化现场的更换和维护操作。 本发明实施例具体可以通过如下技术方案实现：
一方面， 提供了天线装置， 包括： 天线组件， 位于所述天线装置的无 源侧； 射频单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模 块组成， 并与所述天线组件连接以组成有源天线， 其中， 每个射频模块包 括射频板； 公共单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 与所述射频单元和天 线组件连接。
另一方面， 提供了天线装置， 包括： 天线组件， 位于所述天线装置的 无源侧， 包括合路器、 移相器和分路网絡； 射频单元， 位于所述天线装置 的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模块组成， 并与所述天线组件连接以组 成有源天线， 其中， 每个射频模块包含射频板和双工器模块； 公共单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 与所述射频单元连接。
又一方面， 提供了一种天线装置， 包括： 天线组件， 位于所述天线装 置的无源侧， 包括合路器、 移相器和分路网絡； 射频单元， 位于所述天线 装置的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模块组成， 并与所述天线组件连接 以组成有源天线， 其中， 每个射频模块包含射频板； 公共单元， 位于所述 天线装置的有源侧， 与所述射频单元连接； 可更换双工器组件， 位于所述 天线装置的有源侧， 连接在所述天线组件和所述射频单元之间， 由至少一 个单独的双工器模块组成， 且每个双工器模块与一个射频模块连接。
再一方面， 提供一种基站， 包括上述任意一种天线装置； 提供一种通 信系统， 包括上述基站。
通过上述天线装置， 可以灵活地配置每个射频模块， 从而满足不同产 品的组合需求， 并进一步筒化现场的更换和维护操作。
附图说明 图 1是示出了根据本发明实施例的天线装置的示意性框图；
图 2a-图 2c是示出根据本发明实施例的射频模块和公共模块的各种配 置的示意图；
图 3 是示出根据本发明实施例的公共模块与各个射频模块的连接的示 意图； 意图；
图 5 是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第二配置的示 意图；
图 6是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第三配置的示 意图；
图 7a和图 7b是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第四 配置的示意图；
图 8a和图 8b是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第五 配置的示意图。 具体实施方式 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案、 及优点更加清楚明白， 下面结合附图 并举实施例， 对本发明提供的技术方案进一步详细描述。
如之前所述的，对于当前的无线分布式基站系统的 AAS来说， RRU与 无源天线一体化集成， 且 RRU与天线之间通过线缆连接或盲插连接， 但是 对于线缆连接来说， 其不支持现场更换和维护， 而对于盲插方式的 RRU来 说， 由于其外形尺寸和重量都比较大， 使得现场更换和维护都很困难。
例如， 当 RRU与无源天线一体化集成时， 需要将 RRU与无源天线做 成一个整体以进行整体安装与维护。 在某些场景下， 如所述天线是低频天 线时， 比如 800M 900M天线， 其天线长度可能达到 2m, 甚至 2.6m, 整体 重量也可能超过 40kg, 整体安装维护的操作难度大， 需要多人（通常 3〜4 人）在塔上操作， 甚至某些场景需要用到吊车， 成本高并且难操作。
此外， 上述 RRU与无源天线一体化集成的方式虽然能够支持多个频段 同时使用， 从而不能够灵活配置各个频段。 当 RRU出现故障需要维护或者 有扩容等需求时， 必须将 AAS整体拆下，在维护或者更换后，再整体安装， 操作相对麻烦， 且成本高。
因此， 在根据本发明的实施例中， 提供一种无线分布式基站系统中的 天线装置， 在该天线装置的整体安装后， 当后续有维护或者扩容和扩频的 需求时， 可以不将该天线装置整体拆下， 而直接在塔上维护天线装置的有 源单元即可。
在根据本发明实施例的描述中， 将整个天线装置分为有源侧和无源侧， 无源侧是天线组件， 也称为无源单元， 有源侧在现有技术中就是 RRU， 称 为有源单元， 而在下面的描述中作为射频单元和公共单元提到， 其统称为 有源单元。
图 1是示出了根据本发明实施例的天线装置的示意性框图。 如图 1所 示， 根据本发明实施例的天线装置 10包括天线组件 11、 射频单元 12和公 共单元 14。
天线组件 11位于天线装置 10的无源侧。射频单元 12位于天线装置 10 的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模块 13组成， 并与天线组件 11连接以 组成有源天线， 其中， 每个射频模块 13包括射频板 131。
公共单元 14位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 与射频单元 12和天线 11组 件连接。
为了简洁， 图 1的框图中仅仅显示了一个射频模块 13 , 但是这不对本 发明实施例的范围构成限制。 本发明实施例的射频单元 12可以由两个或更 多个射频模块 13 组成。 本发明实施例中所提到的 "单独的"， 其含义为现 场可独立安装、 维护或更换的。
在本发明的实施例中， 将现有天线装置中的有源单元进一步划分为射 频单元和公共单元， 射频单元和公共单元可以任意组合以满足不同的产品 并且进一步将有源单元细分为多个不同的模块， 每个可维护单元的外形尺 寸和重量都将大大降低， 从而使得现场操作筒单。
如上所述， 根据本发明的实施例， 将天线装置的有源单元与天线组件 分开， 其中天线组件可以是一列天线， 也可以是两列天线、 三列天线或者 多列天线， 天线组件支持高频天线、 低频天线， 高高频或高低频天线集成， 并支持共轴、 共振子等天线技术。
将有源单元按功能进一步分为公共单元和射频单元。 其中， 射频单元 可以根据实际需求， 划分为至少一个射频模块。 公共单元也可以划分为至 少一个公共模块。 图 2a-图 2c是示出根据本发明实施例的射频模块和公共 模块的各种配置的示意图。 图 2a-图 2c中， RF ( Radio Frequency: 射频） 代表射频模块 13 , CM ( Common Module: 公共模块）代表公共模块 15。
如图 2a所示， 可将射频单元划分为 M*l个射频模块 13 , 并设置单一 的公共模块 15 , 这里， M用于表示射频模块在纵向上的数目。 图 2a中是 M=3的例子， 但是本发明实施例中 M的取值不限于此， M可以是任意正整 数。
如图 2b所示， 可将射频单元 12划分为 1*N个射频模块 13 , 并设置单 一的公共模块 15, 这里， N用于表示射频模块在横向上的数目。 图 2a中是 N=2的例子， 但是本发明实施例中 N的取值不限于此， N可以是任意正整 数。
如图 2c所述， 可将射频单元 12划分 M*N个射频模块 13 , 并将公共单 元划分为多个公共模块 15。 图 2c中是 M=2、 N=2的例子， 但是本发明实 施例中 M和 N的取值不限于此， M和 N可以是任意正整数。 图 2c中公共 单元包括两个公共模块 15, 但是本发明实施例不限于此， 可以根据需要将 公共单元分为正整数个公共模块。
多个射频模块用以支持多个频段的同时使用， 并且多个射频模块结合 起来可以支持天线装置所需支持的全频段。 这里， 本领域技术人员可以理 解， 该多个射频模块中的不同射频模块可以支持不同的频段， 也可以支持 相同的频段。 当两个或多个射频模块支持同一频段时， 将增大该频段上的 射频功率， 从而改善天线的性能。 各个射频模块与天线侧的天线组件之间 盲插连接或通过线缆连接， 其连接方式可以与现有技术中 RRU与天线的连 接方式相同。 公共单元根据实际需求， 可以是一个、 两个或者多个模块组 成。 这里， 当多个频段同时使用时， 可以一个频段使用一个公共模块， 也 可以两个以上频段的模块共用一个公共模块， 因此， 可以按照实际需要来 设置公共模块的数目。
图 3 是示出根据本发明实施例的公共模块与各个射频模块的连接的示 意图。 如图 3所示， 可以将公共模块 15通过装在天线侧的背板 16与各个 射频模块 13连接到一起， 该连接也可以是盲插连接或者线缆连接， 或者公 共模块 15也可以直接经由线缆连接与射频模块 13连接。 此外， 如图 3所 示， 各个射频模块 13也可以通过背板 16或者线缆连接到天线侧的天线组 件 11。 图 3中， 为了简洁， 仅仅显示了两个射频模块 13 , 但是射频模块的 数目可以不限于此。
对于根据本发明实施例的各个射频模块来说， 也可以将某个射频模块 更换成无源模块， 从而形成某个频段的无源天线。 具体地说， 如图 1所示， 因为天线组件本身是无源天线的组件， 其可以包括与各个频段对应的天线 振子， 还可以包括与各个天线振子连接的小移相器、 公共的天线罩以及主 反射板中的至少一个。 当天线组件与作为有源单元的公共模块和射频模块 结合时， 就形成了有源天线。 而如果按照具体的需求， 例如， 在天线装置 中某一列或几列天线不需要采用有源天线， 而仅需要采用无源天线即可时， 该天线组件就可以不与射频模块和公共模块结合， 而是与无源模块结合， 从而形成无源天线。 本领域技术人员可以理解， 在上述天线装置中该一列 或几列无源天线也需要连接现有天线装置中的 RRU才能实现天线的功能。 也就是说， 根据本发明实施例的模块化架构不仅适于有源天线装置， 其也 能适于有源天线和无源天线集成的系统， 这样， 可以避免在不需要采用有 源天线的情况下造成的资源浪费。
按照 AAS的有源单元的功能划分， 射频单元包含射频板， 射频板包括 T X ( transceiver: 收发信机）， 射频单元也可能包含部分电源、 双工器、 一 部分或者全部天线侧的分路网络， 而公共单元可以包含若千与背板连接的 连接器， 还可以包含电源， 也可能包含部分中频处理。 在本发明的实施例 中， 不同天线装置的公共单元的配置可以基本相同， 而射频单元和天线组 件的具体配置按照不同的需求可能具有不同的配置。 以下将参考图 4 到图 8b 对于根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的不同配置进行详细说 明。
图 4是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第一配置的示 意图。 如图 4所示， 在 AAS中， 天线侧的天线组件 11 包括： 天线罩 20、 天线振子 21、 主反射板 22、 共天馈合路器 23、 以及移相器和分路网络 24 等完整的天线组件， 射频单元 12包括射频板 25和双工器模块 26。 本领域 技术人员可以理解， 除了所示的组件以外， 天线组件 11和射频单元 12还 可以包括未示出的其它组件， 例如， 天线组件 11可以包括共振子合路器。 这里， 射频单元 12与天线组件 11 盲插连接或者通过线缆连接。 对于图 4 所示的配置来说， 盲插数量相对较少， 对盲插的要求也相对低， 因此实现 简单。
在上述配置中， 分路网络， 用于实现信号的一路分两路以上的功能， 例如： 1路 TRX的信号经过分路后驱动 2路天线振子， 该分路网络可以存 在多级分路， 例如： 1路 TRX的信号经过两级一分二网络后驱动 4路天线 振子。
图 5 是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第二配置的示 意图。 与上述图 4所示的第一配置相比， 如图 5所示， 将天线组件 11的合 路器 23、 移相器和分路网络 24等组件放到有源侧， 即放到射频单元 12中， 从而可与有源侧一起实现现场更换。 在图 5 所示的情况下， 天线侧可以只 剩下小部分分路网络及反射板 22、 天线振子 21、 天线罩 20等少数天线组 件。 这里， 该射频单元 12与天线组件 11盲插连接或者通过线缆连接。 对 于图 5 所示的配置来说， 其在不同频段、 不同场景下， 实现天线的归一比 较简单， 即， 在所有的场景下， 天线都可以不用更换， 只换射频模块。 但 是， 该配置中盲插数量相对多一些， 对盲插的要求高。
在上述配置中， 将分路网络分为两部分， 其中一部分在天线侧， 这一 部分各个频段相同， 另一部分不相同的在射频模块侧。
图 6是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第三配置的示 意图。 与上述图 4所示的第一配置相比， 如图 6所示， 将射频单元 12中的 双工器模块 26进一步放到天线侧， 这样， 可更换的射频单元 12可以只剩 下射频板 25。 这里， 射频单元 12与天线组件 11盲插连接或者通过线缆连 接。 对于图 6 所示的配置来说， 对盲插的要求最低， 但是盲插数量是图 4 所示的第一配置的两倍。 在该配置中， 由于盲插是从双工器 26到射频板 25 的盲插， 相当于是射频模块内部的盲插， 与双工器到天线侧的盲插相比， 在无源互调上没有要求， 功率也低。
图 7a和图 7b是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第四 配置的示意图。 该第四配置可以基于如图 4 所示的第一配置， 也可以基于 如图 5所示的第二配置。 当基于如图 4所示的第一配置时， 如图 7a所示， 将天线组件 11 中的合路器 23、 移相器和分路网络 24等组件做成一个单独 的可更换合路器组件 27。而当基于如图 5所示的第二配置时，如图 7a所示， 是将射频单元 12中的合路器 23、 移相器和分路网络 24等组件做成一个单 独的可更换合路器组件 27。该单独的可更换合路器组件 27可以装到天线组 件 11一侧， 也可以装到射频单元 12—侧， 也可以如图 7b所示单独安装。 这里， 在该合路器组件单独安装的情况下， 就对应于之前所述的无源模块， 从而与天线组件形成无源天线。 该单独的可更换合路器网络可现场更换。 并且， 该可更换合路器组件与天线侧和射频单元盲插连接或者通过线缆连 接。 对于图 7a和图 7b所示的配置来说， 配置更灵活， 可以灵活实现有源、 无源之间的切换， 但是盲插数量相应增多。
图 8a和图 8b是示出根据本发明实施例的射频单元和天线组件的第五 配置的示意图。 该第五配置可以基于如图 4 所示的第一配置， 也可以基于 如图 6所示的第三配置。 当基于如图 4所示的第一配置时， 如图 8a所示， 将双工器模块 26从射频单元 12中拿出并做成一个单独的可更换双工器组 件 28。 而当基于如图 6所示的第三配置时， 如图 8a所示， 将双工器模块 26从天线组件 11 中拿出并做成一个单独的可更换双工器组件 28。 与以上 第四配置中的可更换合路器组件 27 类似， 该单独的可更换双工器组件 28 也可以装到天线组件 11一侧， 或装到射频单元 12—侧， 或者如图 8b所示 单独安装。 该单独的可更换双工器组件可现场更换。 并且， 该可更换合路 器组件与天线侧和射频单元盲插连接或者通过线缆连接。对于图 8a和图 8b 所示的配置来说， 配置更加灵活， 在射频单元不变的情况下， 只更换双工 器就可实现不同频段的切换， 但是盲插数量相应增多。
在图 4到图 8b所示的射频单元和天线组件的第一到第五配置中， 因为 在 AAS中， 射频单元属于有源侧， 而天线组件属于无源侧， 因此相应地， 归入射频单元的器件通常为有源组件， 而归入天线组件的器件通常为无源 组件。 具体地说， 在如图 4到图 8b所示的第一到第五配置中， 天线罩、 天 线振子、 反射板及小部分分路网絡总是无源组件， 射频板总是有源组件， 而合路器、 移相器、 双工器模块和其它的分路网络等则既可以是有源组件、 也可以是无源组件， 视其归于天线组件侧还是射频单元侧而定。 例如， 在 图 4所示的第一配置中， 合路器、 移相器和其它的分路网络等是无源组件， 而双工器模块是有源组件； 在图 5 所示的第二配置中， 合路器、 移相器、 双工器模块和其它的分路网络等都是有源组件； 在图 6所示的第三配置中， 合路器、 移相器、 双工器模块和其它的分路网络等都是无源组件。 本领域 技术人员可以理解上述配置， 本发明的实施例并不意在对此进行任何限制。
此外， 本领域技术人员可以理解， 可更换的合路器组件 27和可更换双 工器组件 28如果单独分离出来也可以单独更换， 其可以装在天线侧， 也可 以装在有源侧。
通过上述根据本发明实施例的天线装置， 可以解决现有技术中 AAS— 体化方案中整体更换和维护困难的问题。 并且， 通过将射频单元按照实际 配置需求划分为 M*N个模块，可以灵活配置从而满足不同产品的组合需求。 此外， 通过将部分单元 （例如双工器组件、 合路器组件）做成单独的可更 换组件， 配置更加灵活， 可以进一步简化现场的更换和维护操作。
本发明实施例还提供一种基站， 其包括上述实施例中所描述的任意一 种天线装置。
本发明实施例还提供一种通信系统， 其包括上述基站。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局 限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内， 可 轻易想到变化或替换， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此， 本发明 的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种天线装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
天线组件， 位于所述天线装置的无源侧；
射频单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模块 组成， 并与所述天线组件连接以组成有源天线， 其中， 每个射频模块包括 射频板；
公共单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 与所述射频单元和天线组件 连接。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述天线组件包括合路器、 移相器和分路网络， 且每个射频模块包括 双工器模块。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于， 所述天线装置还包括： 可更换双工器组件， 连接在所述天线组件和所述射频单元之间， 包含 双工器模块；
所述天线组件包括合路器、 移相器和分路网络。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述天线组件包括一部分分路网络， 且每个射频模块包括合路器、 移 相器、 另一部分分路网络和双工器模块。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述天线组件包括合路器、 移相器、 分路网络和双工器模块。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于， 所述天线装置还包括： 可更换合路器组件， 连接在所述天线组件和所述射频单元之间， 包含 合路器、 移相器和一部分分路网络；
所述天线组件包含另一部分分路网络， 且每个射频模块包含双工器模 块。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述多个射频模块被设置为 M*N的阵列，该阵列中的每个射频模块支 持彼此相同或彼此不同的频段， M和 N是正整数。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的天线装置， 其特征在于， 所述天线装置还包括： 所述多个射频模块结合起来支持所述天线装置所需支持的全频段。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于， 所述天线装置还包括： 无源单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的无源模块 组成， 其中， 所述至少一个无源模块替换所述天线装置的有源模块， 以使 得所述无源单元与所述天线组件连接以组成无源天线。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述天线组件包含一列或两列以上天线。
11. 如权利要求 10所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述一列或两列以上天线包含高频天线、 低频天线、 高高频或高低频 天线中的一种或至少任意两种的组合。
12. 如权利要求 1到 11中任一项所述的天线装置， 其特征在于， 所述公共单元由至少一个单独的公共模块组成， 且所述公共模块通过 背板或线缆与所述至少一个射频模块连接。
13. 如权利要求 12所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述至少一个射频模块通过背板或线缆与所述天线组件连接。
14. 如权利要求 9所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
所述至少一个无源模块通过背板或线缆与所述天线组件连接。
15. 如权利要求 13或 14所述的天线装置， 其特征在于，
各个模块与天线组件之间的连接以及各个模块之间的连接是线缆连接 或盲插连接。
16. 一种天线装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
天线组件， 位于所述天线装置的无源侧， 包括合路器、 移相器和分路 网络；
射频单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模块 组成， 并与所述天线组件连接以组成有源天线， 其中， 每个射频模块包含 射频板和双工器模块；
公共单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 与所述射频单元连接。
17. 一种天线装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
天线组件， 位于所述天线装置的无源侧， 包括合路器、 移相器和分路 网络；
射频单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 由至少一个单独的射频模块 组成， 所述射频单元与所述天线组件连接以组成有源天线， 其中， 每个射 频模块包含射频板；
公共单元， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 与所述射频单元连接； 可更换双工器组件， 位于所述天线装置的有源侧， 连接在所述天线组 件和所述射频单元之间， 由至少一个单独的双工器模块组成。
18. 如权利要求 17所述的天线装置， 其特征在于， 所述可更换双工器 组件中的每个单独的双工器模块分别与一个单独的射频模块对应连接。
19. 一种基站， 其特征在于， 包括如权利要求 1-18任意一项所述的天 线装置。
20. 一种通信系统， 其特征在于， 包括如权利要求 19所述的基站。
PCT/CN2012/082322 2011-09-28 2012-09-28 天线装置 WO2013044847A1 (zh)

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