WO2013041183A1

WO2013041183A1 - Low-pill polyester fiber

Info

Publication number: WO2013041183A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/003727
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jörg Dahringer; Michael Klanert; Andreas LEPPERT; Antonius JAUMANN; Werner Stefani
Original assignee: Trevira Gmbh
Priority date: 2011-09-23
Filing date: 2012-09-05
Publication date: 2013-03-28
Also published as: CN103958750A; DE102011114237A1; EP2758567A1; DE102011114237A8; RU2014116244A; EP2758567B1; PL2758567T3; IN2014CN02184A; RU2602883C2; CN103958750B

Abstract

The present invention relates to polyester fibers that are modified to have low-pill characteristics by the addition of 0.5 to 10 wt% inorganic particles with a particle size in the range from 0.5 µm to 5 µm. The low-pill polyester fibers according to the invention have good properties for usage as textiles that remain intact even after high-temperature dyeing in acidic media. Textile sheet materials can be produced from the fibers according to the invention.

Description

Pillarm polyester fiber

The invention relates to a pillar poor polyester fiber, a method for their

Production, textile fabrics produced therefrom and their use, in particular in the field of dyed textiles.

Numerous textiles show the so-called pilling after prolonged use. As Pilling be unwanted, spherical fiber collections on the

Surface of textiles referred to, which affect the appearance of the textiles. Here, individual fibers are worked out of the yarn structure, which deform on the surface by friction to a pill. This occurs especially in synthetic fibers but also in natural fibers, regardless of the method of surface preparation.

Due to the high strength of the polyester fibers, these nodules can not fall off, but remain on the surface and offer the viewer an unattractive picture. Physically, this phenomenon is indicated by the fact that

Polyester fibers have a high strength compared to natural fibers, especially a high transverse strength, possess.

Although it is in principle possible to eliminate the nodules mechanically z. B. by brushing or scraping. This is very tedious and time-consuming and can not prevent new pills from forming again and again.

Modifications can reduce pilling. These have the goal of preventing the emergence of the pills, or to favor a cancel and remove resulting Pills. Fibers with such a modification are called low-pill fibers. The aim of this invention is to provide such a low-pill fiber.

Numerous attempts have already been made to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages. It was mainly in the center to reduce the transverse strength of polyester fibers, but it should be ensured that while the tensile strength of the fibers is not withdrawn too strong to the further processing without substantial damage to the fibers in the same way as, for. B. to carry out the normal cotton types As already mentioned in the beginning, a common way to reduce the transverse strength is to reduce the molecular weight of the polymer. In order to obtain a good processability of the polymer despite a lower molecular weight, the viscosity of the polymer melt is increased by means of crosslinking agents. Crosslinkers are multifunctional molecules which are found in a

Integrate polycondensation in the molecular chain. Examples include multifunctional alcohols (pentaerythritol), polybasic acids and silicon or phosphorus compounds. Another route taken is the subsequent hydrolysis of the polyester. For this purpose, hydrolytically active compounds (acids, bases and organic derivatives) are added to the polyester.

The principle of temporary bridging or branching is that one equips the polyester chain with a thermally or hydrolytically labile bond in the polymer chain, which after spinning, z. B. hydrolytically breaks up when dyeing the textile surface product or the flake. Examples of such temporarily bridged polyesters are found, for. B. in FR-A-2,290,511, where before the transesterification 0.01 to 2 wt .-% diphenylsilanediol, based on dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is introduced. However, here the breaking elongations are too high to allow processability with cotton fibers, furthermore the tear strength is too low for weaving the required staple fiber yarns.

A similar teaching with temporary branching is found in FR-A-1 589,057, however, according to which fibers having the same disadvantages as in the aforementioned French specification are obtained.

Other approaches to producing low-pill polyester fibers are found in EP-A-1, 425,444. There, silicon-organic compounds of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are added in the preparation of the polyester.

In the market are already commercial low-pill polyester, as temporary

Crosslinker silicic acid esters used, known. Due to the correct modification height, excellent pilling behavior (low transverse strength) can be obtained with sufficient strength after staining. However, with multiple staining, or with altered or not constant

Dyeing conditions, react these fibers again, so that such products require a high process stability. Already minor fluctuations or Deviations lead to problems.

Methods that work with permanent branches include

Manufacturing methods in which, for example, a compound such as

Pentaerythritol is used. One uses here the effect that fibers of low molecular weight, branched, stiff materials in the finished product break off earlier than those from corresponding linear, high molecular weight, flexible polymers.

However, this method is limited in its mode of action. By the

Crosslinking can increase the melt viscosity and thus are too

Polymers of lower molecular weight spinnable. Despite modification, a natural limit is reached at which the melt is no longer spinnable, and the lowpill effect achieved can not be further increased in this way.

Although quite a number of methods are already known by means of which pillar-poor polyester fibers can be produced, there is still a need for improved methods and fibers having improved pill properties and other good properties, in particular those described in US Pat

subsequent processing steps, such as dyeing the fibers, are retained.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a novel pillar-poor polyester fibers, which have the required pillar-poor properties,

especially after the dyeing of the fiber, and beyond that can be produced and processed by known equipment.

The present invention is a pillar-poor fiber based on polyester containing 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of inorganic particles with a

Particle size in the range 0.5pm to 5pm.

The addition of inorganic or mineral particles in polyester fibers is a common method to modify the fibers to be obtained. Desirable properties such as matting, opacity, color, radiation absorption,

Flame retardancy and antimicrobial activity can be achieved in this way.

Surprisingly, by adding the particles of the invention succeeds Improving the pilling behavior of polyester fibers, which has not previously been described in this way.

By virtue of the addition according to the invention during the melt spinning process, low molecular weight raw materials can also be modified in this way. Thus, an additional improvement in pill behavior is also possible with raw materials, which can not be further improved due to their already low molecular weight, since otherwise their processability would no longer exist.

The additives according to the invention are present in the polyester matrix, so that no unforeseeable events can occur during further processing. A targeted subsequent hydrolysis to improve the pill behavior may have the disadvantage that the desired

Property profiles are difficult to set and reproduce. This is not the case with the present invention.

Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production. Melt-spinnable polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the

divalent radicals of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular the

Terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with ethylene glycol and / or propane-1, 3-diol are particularly suitable.

Particularly advantageous are the polyester to at least 85 mol% of

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). The remaining 15 mol% then build up from dicarboxylic acid units and

Glycol units which act as so-called modifiers and which allow the skilled person to influence the physical and chemical properties of the filaments produced targeted. Examples of such

Dicarboxylic acid units are radicals of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, for example glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid; Examples of modifying diol radicals are those of longer-chain diols, eg. Example of propanediol or butanediol, di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000. Particularly advantageous are polyesters which have been flame-retardant modified. Such polyesters are also already well known. The flame-retardant modified polyesters used according to the invention are those in which phosphorus compounds are condensed in the polyester chain, ie they are covalently bonded.

Among these condensed phosphorous chain links are

Chain links to be understood in the linear chain of the polymer molecule

(longest chain), but also in any existing side chains and branches are arranged.

Preference is given to flame-retardant modified polyesters which are in the chain

Contain assemblies of the formula (I) and / or (II) condensed

O O

I I I

-O-P-R-C- (i)

R ¹

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl and R 1 is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl. Preferably in the formula (I) R is ethylene and R ^{1 is} methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, in particular methyl or phenyl. Such polyesters are described, for example, in DE-A-39 40 713.

Further suitable flame-retardant modified polyesters in which the polyester has fused-in phosphorus-containing chain links are, for example, from DE-A-2236 037, DE-A-2242002, DE-A-232800343, DE-A-2346787 and DE-A-2454189.

Particularly preferred are polyesters which are at least 95 mol%

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in particular polyesters, which are modified with a crosslinker.

Such polyesters usually have a molecular weight corresponding to a specific viscosity (n _sp ez) of 0.6 to 0.9 measured on solutions of 1 g / l polymer in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.

The polyesters used to prepare the fiber according to the invention are sufficiently dried and usually have a residual moisture content of less than 500 ppm of water.

The inorganic particles used according to the invention are, in particular, mineral materials.

Within the mineral materials, the salts of the first and second main groups of the Periodic Table of the Elements are preferred. Especially

preferred are the salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and mixed salts thereof,

especially naturally occurring salts or mixed salts.

Within the salts, the chlorides, fluorides, bromides, iodides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, bicarbonates, sulfites, nitrates and their mixed salts, in particular naturally occurring salts or mixed salts are preferred.

Particular preference is given to carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium.

The mineral materials used according to the invention, but in particular the carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, have a particle surface which has a

Surface treatment or surface coating with a higher

Fatty acid, preferably a higher fatty acid of 10 to 28 Carbon atoms, was subjected.

The mineral materials used according to the invention, but especially the carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, have an average particle diameter of

0.5 to 5 μιτι, preferably 1, 0 to 4 pm, in particular from 1, 0 to 3.0 μητι on. The average particle diameter is also referred to as average particle size (= d ₅ o) of preferably 0.5 μιη to 5 μιη, preferably 1, 0 to 4 μιη, in particular from 1, 0 to 3,0μιη called.

The proportion contained therein with a grain size of more than 5 μηη may not exceed 1 wt .-%, so that by this the spinning process is not disturbed

Particularly preferred is when the mineral materials used in the invention, but especially the carbonate salts and / or

Bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, a

average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 μιη, preferably 1, 0 to 4 μιη, in particular from 1, 0 to 3,0μηι, and in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5% , in particular 0.5 to 2.5%, are present. Again, the average particle diameter expressed as an average grain size (= d ₅₀ ) is preferably between 0.5 μιη and 5 μητι, preferably 1, 0 and 4 μιτι,

in particular 1, 0 and 3,0μιτΊ.

The average particle diameter or mean particle size (= d ₅₀ ) is determined by a laser light scattering method according to ISO 13320-

1. A suitable particle size analyzer for example is a Microtrac S 3500.

In the mineral materials used in the invention, but especially the carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, it is predominantly to particles by

Comminution, for example grinding, and / or produced by precipitation or crystallization of the underlying salts.

The above-described surface treatment with the higher fatty acid prevents aggregation of the mineral materials and ensures the most homogeneous possible distribution in the polyester material of the fiber. Examples of the higher fatty acid may be saturated higher fatty acids

[CH 3 (CH 2), COOH, n = 8 to 26], such as decanoic, undecanoic, lauric, tridecylic, myristic, pentadecylic, palmitic, heptadecylic, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, heptacosanic, and unsaturated higher fatty acids such as oleic acid (ice), elaidic acid (trans), cetoleic acid, erucic acid (ice), brassidic acid (trans), linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. Among them, saturated fatty acids, especially stearic acid, are preferred.

The fiber according to the invention preferably has 0.5 to 10% by weight of carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium having a particle size in the range from 0.5 pm to 5 pm. Within the abovementioned fibers, those which have about 1% by weight of the abovementioned salts are particularly preferred. Within the above-mentioned fibers, those which are max. 2.5 wt .-% of the aforementioned salts, since otherwise deposits may occur in the production of the fibers.

The fibers of the invention are pillar poor. This property is through

Measurement of the so-called kink chafing determined and is a measure of the transverse strength of the fiber. Here, a single fiber is loaded with a constant force in the transverse direction. This is repeated until the fiber breaks. In these experiments, the average of 50 measurements is given. The arithmetic number of trips required to break is thus one

proportional measure of the transverse strength of the fiber. The measurement of

So-called kink chipper tours are carried out in accordance with Grünewald, CHEMIEFASERN, 1963, p. 853 (testing on Drahtknickscheuergerät with 20pm wire and a load of 1100mg). The fibers according to the invention (crude white, no

Coloring) require only a maximum of 800 kinkscrew tours, preferably a maximum of 700 kinkscrew tours, in particular a maximum of 600

Knickscheuertouren, whereas a polyester without the addition of the invention (crude white, undyed) min. 1500 kinks to the breakage of the fiber needed. The minimum number of kink chisels, ie until the fiber is broken, is 200 kink scouring tours, preferably 250 kink scouring tours. Thus, the fibers according to the invention usually require between 200 and 700 crease scouring tours, preferably 200 to 600 crease scouring tours, in particular 250 to 600 crease scraper tours. The fibers of the invention show in particular an excellent

Combination of low poverty and good strength at the same time. The

fibers according to the invention (crude white, undyed) preferably have a strength of min. 25cN / tex in combination with the above-mentioned transverse strengths (kinks)

The preparation of the fiber of the invention can be accomplished by conventional methods and apparatus, i. essentially without additional

Investment costs are operated. The inventively added

mineral material is for example via a mixing extruder in the

Polyester compounded. Depending on the degree of filling, this compound can serve both as masterbatch and as sole raw material.

First, the polyester and the mineral materials or compound described above are provided and melt-spun

Spun polyester filaments. In this case, conventional devices are used with appropriate nozzles. The exit velocity at the

Nozzle exit surface is tuned to the spinning speed to produce a fiber of the desired denier.

Spin speed is the speed with which the solidified threads are pulled off. The threads thus pulled off can either be fed directly to the drawing or even wound up or

filed and stretched at a later date. The conventionally stretched fibers and filaments can then be crimped, fixed and / or cut to the desired length into staple fibers by generally conventional methods. The spinning speed or the

Withdrawal speed is to produce staple fibers, usually min. 500 meters per minute and max. Spun 2200 meters per minute. In order to produce filaments, they can be removed much higher, at up to 8000 meters per minute. The spinning temperature is typically 255 ° C or more and 305 ° C or less. More preferably, spinning is carried out at about 275-295 ° C.

The spinneret is a conventional spinneret of the type used in the art

conventional polyester is used, with hole size, arrangement and Depend on the number of fiber and spinning unit you want.

The single denier of the fiber according to the invention is in its final form between 0.6 and 30 dtex, preferably 0.9 to 13 dtex, in particular 0.9 to 8 dtex, the titer due to the higher density of the present

inorganic particles increases with increasing dosage. The determination of the titers was carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO1973.

In this context, it has been found that with a content of more than 5 wt .-% of inorganic particles, the material tends to filament breaks and winding formation. The formation of deposits on fixed parts of the system can also be observed, so that the service life of the used

Equipment be affected.

The quenching of the fibers melted in this manner from the melt, in particular polyester filaments, can be effected in

conventionally carried out using air or other fluids as described in the art (e.g., nitrogen). It can be cross-flow, radial, asymmetric or other cooling methods

be applied. It is preferred to blow with air for quenching.

After cooling, conventional aids or lubricants can be applied using standard methods.

The fibers formed may have round, oval and other suitable cross-sections or other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney-shaped, triangular or tri- or multilobal cross-sections. Also hollow fibers are possible. Likewise, fibers of two or more polymers can be used. The geometry of the bicomponent fibers can be "core-shell" (centered and eccentric), "side by side", or "island in the sea".

The fiber filaments produced in this way are combined into yarns and these in turn become spun cables. The tow will become the next

Processing initially stored in pots. The ones in the jugs

intermediate tows are picked up and a large tow is produced. Then the large spun fiber cables, usually 10-600 ktex, can be used on conventional methods

Strip line are stretched, preferably at 10 to 110 m / min

Entry speed. Here, preparations can be applied, which favor the stretching, but not adversely affect the following properties.

The draw ratios are preferably from 1.25 to 4, more preferably from 2.5 to 3.5. The temperature during the stretching is in the range of

Glass transition temperature of the tow to be stretched and in the case of polyester is preferably 40.degree. C. to 80.degree. C., particularly preferably 50-70.degree.

The V / can extend in one stage or optionally using a

two-stage stretching process are carried out (see, for example, US 3,816,486). Before and during drawing, one or more finishes may be applied using conventional techniques.

For optionally performed crimping / texturing of the so

Stretched fibers can be conventional methods of mechanical

Crimping be used with known crimping machines.

A mechanical device for fiber crimping is preferred

Steam assist, such as a stuffer box. However, fibers crimped by other methods may also be used, e.g. also three-dimensionally-curled fibers. To carry out the crimping, the cable is first heated to a temperature in the range from 50 ° to 100 ° C., preferably 70 ° to 85 ° C., more preferably to about 78 ° C., and with a pressure of the cable entry rollers of 1, 0 to 6, 0 bar, more preferably at about 2.0 bar, a pressure in the crimping of 0.5 to 6.0 bar, more preferably 1, 5- 3.0 bar, with steam at between 1, 0 and 2.0 kg / min., Particularly preferably 1, 5 kg / min. Treated.

Subsequently, the smooth, or optionally crimped, fibers are relaxed and / or fixed at 120 ° to 170 ° C in the oven or hot air stream.

To make staple fibers, the smooth, or optionally crimped, fibers are taken up, followed by cutting and possibly hardening and depositing in pressed bales as a flake. The staple fibers of the present invention are preferred on one of the relaxation

cut downstream mechanical cutting device. For the production of cable types can be dispensed with the cutting. These cable types are placed in uncut form in the bale and pressed.

The fibers of the invention continue to show a very good

Crimping (crimping) K1, a measure of the filling of the fiber that is imparted to it through a mechanical crimping process. The

Ripple picking is an important feature for both the

Processing of fibers as well as the characteristics of textile and

Fiber filling products, in particular of staple fibers, is of importance. In the case of crimping, the springing property of the fiber becomes

measured as transmitted through the mechanical process of crimping. This has an effect on their handling characteristics as well as on the processing in the subsequent process steps.

Circling in the context of the invention means the following ratio:

... Lv - Lk

K1 =

Lv wherein L _k is the length of the crimped staple fiber in the relaxed exposed state and L _v is the length of the same, but drawn fiber, that is, the fiber is then practically straight without crimp before. The stretching is carried out using the so-called Entkräuselungskraft. This will be in

Preliminary tests determined by means of a force applied to the force-strain diagram of the respective fiber tangent.

The fibers produced according to the invention preferably have one

Crimp degree of at least 3 crimps (crimps) per cm, preferably 3 sheets per cm to 9.8 sheets per cm and more preferably 3.9 sheets per cm to 8.9 sheets per cm. For textile fabric applications, crimp values of about 5 to 5.5 sheets per cm are particularly preferred.

The crimp K1 according to the invention is preferably 15% or more, preferably 17% or more. As already mentioned, as the content of inorganic particles increases, the fiber loses strength and elongation. However, reduced with

increasing modification also - as desired - the transverse strength.

Of particular interest, however, are the textile data after a

High temperature dyeing. Because these fiber properties come into their own in the final product. For this purpose, the polyester fibers of the invention under conventional conditions, i. dispersed at 130 ° C for 60 minutes in acetic acid medium, dyed. Here, the polyester fibers of the invention show

above coloring a further reduction in transverse strength, namely the kink chisel, on up to 400 kinkscrew tours whereas an identically colored polyester without the inventive addition min. 700

Knickscheuertouren to break the fiber needed.

The fibers according to the invention, dyed as described above, require only a maximum of 400 crease scouring tours, preferably a maximum of 300

Knickscheuertouren, whereas a polyester without the additive according to the invention (coloring as described above) min. 700 kinks to the breakage of the fiber needed. The minimum number of crease scrapers, i. until breakage of the fiber is 150 crease scrapers, preferably 190

Flex abrasion tours. Thus, the fibers according to the invention (after dyeing) usually require between 150 and 400 kinkscrew tours, preferably 190 to 400 kinkscrew tours, in particular 190 to 300 kinkscrew tours.

When using water-soluble, alkaline, inorganic particles, an increase in the pH can be seen during the dyeing process. This shows that the present in the fiber water-soluble, alkaline, inorganic particles react with the dyeing liquor. An influence of the pH on the textile data of the dyed fiber is not detectable, although an increase in the pH takes place with acid dyeing.

Microscopic investigations (Scanning Electron Microscope) of

fiber according to the invention, after dyeing, show that to a small extent damage to the surface takes place, but this is independent of the pH of the liquor. This indicates that isolated particles on the surface are broken out of the fiber by mechanical stress on the material become. The polyester matrix of the fiber sufficiently integrates the particles to protect them from degradation by the dyeing liquor.

As already stated, the fibers according to the invention, as dyed as described above, require only a maximum of 400 crease scouring tours, preferably a maximum of 300 crease scouring tours, whereas a polyester without the

additive according to the invention (coloring as described above) min. 700 kinks to the breakage of the fiber needed. The minimum number of crease scrapers, i. until the fiber breaks, is 150

Kickcheck tours, preferably 190 kinkscrew tours. Thus, the fibers according to the invention (after dyeing) usually require between 150 and 400 kinkscrews, preferably 190 to 400 kinkscrews,

especially 190 to 300 crease scrapers.

The dyed fibers according to the invention show in particular a

excellent combination of low-pills and good strength at the same time. The fibers according to the invention (dyed as described above) preferably have a strength of min. 23cN / tex in combination with the

above-mentioned transverse strengths (kinks)

From the fibers of the invention can be appropriate textile

Produce fabrics, which are also the subject of the invention.

The term "textile fabric" is to be understood in this description in its broadest meaning. It may be all structures containing the fibers of the invention, which after a

surface-forming technique have been produced. Examples of such textile fabrics are woven, scrim, knitted and knitted fabrics, and nonwovens.

The nonwoven fabric according to the invention can be constructed from continuous synthetic fibers (filaments) or from staple fibers. For the nonwoven fabric staple fibers according to the invention are preferably used, the length of which is generally 1 to 200 mm, preferably 3 to 120 mm, particularly preferably 3 to 60 mm.

The invention is illustrated by the following example without limiting it to its scope. Examples

A low-molecular cross-linked PET raw material is modified with alkaline earth carbonates. The raw material was, as is customary for PET, dried to a residual moisture content of at least 500 ppm.

Subsequently, fibers are spun from this raw material, the following table representing the most important parameters of the melt spinning process:

The alkaline earth carbonate was added in the form of a masterbatch. The obtained titre of the spun goods increased with increasing dosage due to the high density of the additive.

With a modification height of 2.5%, the process capability of the material was comparable or only slightly affected compared to unmodified material. However, with a modification height of 5%, the material tends to break filaments and form wraps. Especially the emergence of

Deposits on fixed plant parts led to a deterioration in process capability.

The resulting spun goods were merged by Fachen to a 59x cable. The material could be stretched, curled and fixed on the strip line in the same way as an unmodified fiber. The workability was inconspicuous. The following table shows the most important band parameters:

The following table contains the obtained textile data as well as the two unmodified, comparable PET types:

Titre was determined according to DIN EN ISO1973; Fiber strength and elongation according to DIN EN ISO 5079.

The determination of the kinkscrew tours was as described by Grünewald, (CHEMIEFASERN, 1963, p. 853) by examination on

Wire breaker with 20pm wire and a load of 1100mg.

The fiber samples were dyed under acid conditions customary for PET at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes. The following table shows the obtained textile data of the colored samples: 0% 1, 25% 2.5% 3.75% 5.0%

unit

Addition Addition Addition Addition Addition

Titer dtex 2.63 2.68 2.70 2.72 2.82

Strength cN / tex 28.6 24.7 25.0 24.4 23.5

Elongation at break% 31, 1 24.7 28.1 23.9 26.4 pH of the liquor

4.77 - 4.9 5.2 after staining

Knickscheuertouren 745 233 281 228 198

Good to see is that the transverse strength, namely the

Knickscheuertouren, has reduced by the coloring in all patterns by about half. A reduction in strength and elongation is still present and increases with increasing modification. However, those are

Differences to the unmodified type after dyeing less pronounced than in the raw white goods.

It is noticeable that the pH value demonstrably increases during the dyeing process. This shows that the alkaline earth carbonate present in the fiber reacts with the dyeing liquor. This leads to the assumption that the pH value of the dyeing liquor could have an influence on the textile data and fiber texture. Thus, stains with different pH values were carried out. The following table gives the obtained textile data of these

Colorings again:

duplicate

Alkaline acetic acid

Unit of acetic acid

Coloring coloring

amount of pH of the liquor before staining 9.3 4.56 4.37

Titer dtex 2.63 2.70 2.73

Strength cN / tex 25.0 25.0 24.1

Elongation at break% 26.5 28.1 28.0 pH of the liquor after

8.1 4.9 4.64 staining

Kick-back tours 282 281 300 On the basis of the measured values obtained, no influence of the pH on the textile data is detectable, even though an increase in the pH takes place in the case of acid dyeing. Thus, the pH is not a suitable parameter to influence the textile data. Investigations on

Scanning electron microscopy shows that there is little damage to the surface, but this is independent of the pH of the liquor.

The PET matrix of the fiber sufficiently integrates the carbonate particles to protect them from decomposition by the dyeing liquor.

As further influencing parameters, the dyeing temperature and the dyeing time have been investigated.

The following table shows the textile data for different dyeing times at 130 ° C:

The following table shows the textile data at different dyeing temperatures after 60 minutes:

The kink chisels are reduced with increasing temperature. However, the dyeing conditions of 130 ° C. and 60 minutes usual for PET are sufficient. A further increase of these two parameters does not lead to an additional reduction of the transverse strength. In addition, it can be stated that the fiber strength is not affected by the dyeing. The fiber strength remains independent of dyeing time, dyeing temperature and pH.

The obtained fiber values of the fibers produced are comparable to other commercial low-pill polyester fibers. The following table comparatively shows a few important fiber values.

Unit 2.5% Addition Comparison 1 Comparison 2

Crosslinker permanently temporarily permanently

Dosage carbonate% 2.5 without

Crawler Rails raw white 568 978 1540

Strength raw white cN / tex 25.2 27.1 29.6

Elongation raw white% 38.1 44.7 42.1

Kinkscrew tours dyed 281 149 745

Strength dyed cN / tex 25.0 23.7 28.6

Stretch dyed% 28.1 22.1 31, 1

Claims

claims

1. Pillarme fiber based on polyester, containing 0.5 to 10 wt .-%

inorganic particles having a particle size in the range of 0.5pm to 5pm.

2. Fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyester to at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or

Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) has.

3. Fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyester has a molecular weight corresponding to a specific viscosity (r | _S pez) of 0.6 to 0.9, measured on solutions at 1 g / l in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C having ,

4. Fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic particles comprise mineral materials.

5. Fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that the mineral materials are salts of the first and second main group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, preferably salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and their

Mixed salts, especially naturally occurring salts or mixed salts include.

6. Fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that the salts are chlorides, fluorides, bromides, iodides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates,

Hydrogen carbonates, sulfites, nitrates and their mixed salts, in particular naturally occurring salts or mixed salts include.

7. Fiber according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the

inorganic particles carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium.

8. Fiber according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the

inorganic particles are carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, which have a particle surface which is a surface treatment with a higher fatty acid, preferably a higher fatty acid having from 10 to 28 carbon atoms.

9. Fiber according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the

inorganic particles are carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, which have an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 pm, preferably 1, 0 to 4 pm, in particular from 1, 0 to 3.0 pm ,

10. Fiber according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the

inorganic particles are carbonate salts and / or bicarbonate salts of calcium and / or magnesium, which have an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 pm, preferably 1, 0 to 4 pm, in particular from 1, 0 to 3.0 pm and in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 1, 0 to 5%, in particular 1, 0 to 2.5%, are present.

11. Fiber according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the

raw white, non-dyed fiber maximum 800 crease scrapers,

Preferably, a maximum of 700 kinkscrew tours, in particular a maximum of 600 kinkscrew tours, are required until the fiber breaks.

12. Fiber according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the

raw white, non-dyed fiber 200 and 700 crease scrapers,

preferably 200 to 600 kinkscrew tours, in particular 250 to 600 kinkscrew tours, required until the fiber breaks.

13. Fiber according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the

raw white, non-dyed fiber 200 and 700 crease scrapers,

preferably 200 to 600 kinkscrew tours, in particular 250 to 600 kinkscrew tours, required until the fiber breaks and the strength of min. 25cN / tex.

14. Fiber according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that the fiber has a single titer between 0.6 and 30 dtex, preferably 0.9 to 13 dtex, in particular 0.9 to 8 dtex.

15. Fiber according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that the content to inorganic particles having a particle size in the range of 0.5μιη to 5pm between 0.5 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 1, 0 and 2.5 wt .-%, is.

16. Fiber according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that the fiber is stretched and curled.

17. A fiber according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the fiber is dyed by high temperature dyeing in an acidic medium and a maximum of 400 Knickscheuertouren, preferably a maximum of 300 Knickscheuertouren needed to break the fiber.

18. A fiber according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the fiber is dyed by high-temperature dyeing in an acidic medium and at least 150 kinkscrew tours, preferably at least 190 Knickscheuertouren needed to break the fiber.

19. A fiber according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the fiber is dyed by high temperature dyeing in an acidic medium and between 150 and 400 Knickscheuertouren, preferably 190 to 400

Knickscheuertouren, in particular 190 to 300 kinkscrew tours, until the breakage of the fiber needed.

20. The fiber according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the fiber is dyed by high-temperature dyeing in an acidic medium and between 150 and 400 kinkscrew tours, preferably 190 to 400

Kickcheck tours, in particular 190 to 300 kinkscrew tours, required until the fiber breaks and the strength of min. 23cN / tex.

21. A process for producing the low-pillar fiber according to claim 1 to 20, characterized in that a polyester containing 0.5 to 10 wt .-% of inorganic particles having a particle size in the range of 0.5pm to δμηι, extruded and spun into filaments, stretched, curled, fixed and possibly cut to the desired length.

22. A textile fabric containing the pillar-poor fiber according to one or more of claims 1 to 20.