WO2013040776A1 - 退偏器 - Google Patents
退偏器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013040776A1 WO2013040776A1 PCT/CN2011/079989 CN2011079989W WO2013040776A1 WO 2013040776 A1 WO2013040776 A1 WO 2013040776A1 CN 2011079989 W CN2011079989 W CN 2011079989W WO 2013040776 A1 WO2013040776 A1 WO 2013040776A1
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- splitting film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
Definitions
- the present invention relates to optical devices, and more particularly to a complex color depolarizer. Background technique
- the depolarizer is used to convert linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light into light of low degree of polarization, that is, the output light is uniformly distributed in the respective polarization directions.
- Depolarizers are widely used in fiber-optic communication and sensing measurements to eliminate polarization-related effects during or during optical transmission. For example, in a Raman amplifier, the signal light can be amplified only by the polarization direction of the pump light. When the two are vertical, the gain is zero, so the pump light needs to be depolarized.
- the spectrum of the laser always has a certain width and can be regarded as a complex color light source, so the complex color depolarizer has a wide range of applications.
- the Lyot type depolarizer is one of the most common depolarizers. It is suitable for complex color light and can depolarize any line polarization and ellipsometry.
- the depolarization method of the depolarizer is based on the principle that the beam of different wavelengths is dispersed in phase retardation when passing through the depolarizer, thereby achieving depolarization in the wavelength domain. Incident light with different wavelengths produces different phase delays after passing through the birefringent device, and the emitted light becomes elliptically polarized light with different ellipsometry. The whole beam is a combination of such random states, which makes the output light exhibit depolarization characteristics.
- the depolarizer is made up of two birefringent devices in series.
- the birefringent device can be realized by wave plate or by polarization-maintaining fiber.
- the thickness (or length) ratio of the two devices is 2: 1, and the characteristic axis is clamped. The angle is 45 degrees.
- the disadvantage of Lyot depolarizer is that it is bulky, such as 1480nm Raman pump light, bandwidth is 1nm, Lyot depolarizer must be at least 20m Panda polarization-maintaining fiber, or more than 10cm lithium niobate crystal can achieve low polarization. degree.
- birefringent crystals or polarization-maintaining fibers are relatively expensive.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a depolarizer having a simple structure, a small volume, and a low cost in view of the defects of the prior art which are complicated in structure, large in volume, and high in cost.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is to provide a depolarizer comprising a light splitting film and a light guiding component and a polarization rotator disposed on the same side of the beam splitting film; wherein, the light splitting film The reflectivity is 25% to 43%, and the incident light is divided into the first reflected light and the first transmitted light at the incident point, and the splitting film is not perpendicular to the incident light;
- the light guiding component guides the first transmitted light back to the incident point
- the polarization rotator is disposed on an optical path between the beam splitting film and the light guiding component, and rotates a polarization state of the first transmitted light by an odd multiple of 90°, and the error tolerance is +/-22°. ;
- the first transmitted light returned to the incident point passes through the light splitting film to form a second reflected light and a second transmitted light; the second transmitted light spatially coincides with the first reflected light on the same side, and merges a portion of the output light; the second reflected light enters a cycle along the optical path of the first transmitted light;
- the light guiding assembly comprises two angled mirrors, and the first transmitted light is returned to the incident point by reflection of the two mirrors.
- the two mirrors are respectively a plane mirror and a concave surface in an epitaxer according to an embodiment of the present invention
- the light guiding assembly includes a mirror and is disposed on the beam splitting film a focusing lens with the mirror; the beam splitting film and the mirror are respectively located on an object plane and an image plane on both sides of the focusing lens; and the first transmitted light is refracted by the focusing lens The reflection of the mirror returns to the point of incidence.
- the focusing lens is a self-focusing lens with a length of 0.49 pitches; the mirror is composed of a dielectric film and is directly plated on the end of the self-focusing lens away from the spectroscopic film. There is also a double-fiber collimator on the light incident side of the spectroscopic film, and the light-emitting surface of the collimator faces the spectroscopic film.
- the light guiding assembly includes a mirror and a diamond wedge disposed between the mirror and the beam splitting film, the first transmitted light passing through the diamond light The refraction of the wedge and the reflection of the mirror return to the point of incidence.
- the mirror is a plane mirror or a concave mirror.
- the light guiding component is an isosceles triangular wedge, and a bottom surface of the isosceles triangular wedge is parallel to the spectroscopic film; the first transmitted light passes through the The isosceles of the waist triangle wedge are reflected back to the point of incidence.
- the polarization rotator is an optically active crystal or a chiral liquid crystal or a magneto-optical device.
- the polarization rotator is an optical rotatory crystal
- the optical rotatory crystal is a quartz optical rotator.
- the magneto-optical device when the polarization rotator is a magneto-optical device, the magneto-optical device is a Faraday rotator with a magnetic tube.
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention uses the beam splitting film to divide the incident polarized light into an infinite number of beams with decreasing intensity, rotates the polarization states of the respective beams by different angles by means of an optical rotatory device, and finally combines all the beams with a light guiding device. Output together, so that the energy of the output light polarized in all directions is evenly distributed to achieve the effect of depolarization.
- the depolarization principle of the invention is simple, and only the spectroscopic film, the light guiding component and the polarizing optical rotating sheet are included in the structure of the depolarizer, so the structure is simple and the cost is low; in addition, the structure of the depolarizer only needs to satisfy the optical path difference of the two beams. It is larger than the coherence length, so it is small in size.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
- 6 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
- Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 8 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the depolarizer according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a beam splitting film 1, a light guiding unit 2, and a polarization rotatory device 3.
- the light guiding unit 2 and the polarization rotatory unit 3 are disposed on the same side of the beam splitting film 1.
- the spectroscopic film 1 may be selected from commercially available spectroscopic films, which are usually plated with materials such as silica, yttria and zirconia.
- the reflectance of the spectroscopic film 1 is 25% to 43%, that is, the transmittance is 57% to 75%, when the incident beam I is incident.
- the transmissive film 1 has a transmission/reflection ratio of 75:25 to 57:43, preferably a transmission/reflection ratio of 2:1, that is, a reflectance. 33.3%.
- Light directing assembly 2 includes one or more optical components, such as mirrors, wedges, and/or focusing lenses, etc., and specific structural arrangements will be described in the embodiments.
- the light guiding member 2 is for guiding the light beam T ⁇ transmitted from the spectroscopic film 1 through the polarization rotator 3 and returning to the incident point ⁇ on the spectroscopic film 1, thereby causing the beam to complete an optical path cycle.
- a part of the light beam returning to the incident point ⁇ of the spectroscopic film 1 is transmitted through the spectroscopic film 1 to form a second transmitted light which is emitted from the spectroscopic film 1 (ie, an outgoing beam), and the second transmitted light T 2 is on the same side
- the first reflected light is combined into a bundle to form an output beam of the depolarizer; another portion of the beam returning to the incident point A of the spectroscopic film 1 is reflected to form the second reflected light R 2 and will be under the action of the light guiding assembly 2
- the next optical path is circulated by the polarization rotator 3, and the transmission/reflection ratio is still 75:25 to 57:43, preferably 2:1.
- the light beam is continuously circulated between the beam splitting film 1, the light guiding unit 2, and the polarization rotatory device 3.
- the optical path difference between the outgoing beam T 2 and the reflected beam is larger than the incident light I.
- the coherence length that is, the optical path of the primary beam path of the transmitted beam is greater than the coherence length described above, Therefore, when the first transmitted light ⁇ is again transmitted through the optical splitting film 1 after a plurality of optical paths to form an outgoing beam, the optical path difference between the first transmitted light and the reflected beam is also necessarily greater than the coherence length.
- the polarization rotator 3 is disposed on the optical path between the beam splitting film 1 and the light guiding component 2, and may be an optical crystal or a chiral liquid crystal or a magneto-optical device for rotating the polarization state of the passing light beam (90° + N*) 180° +1-11. ) Angle, where N is a positive integer, in other words, the light polarization state of the passing beam is rotated by an odd multiple of 90° with an allowable error of +/- 22°. At this time, the light beam may pass through the polarization rotator 3 one or more times, so that the light polarization state of the light beam is rotated at different angles. At the same time, appropriate polarization rotatory devices with different optical rotation angles should be selected according to the number and angle of beam passing.
- the light guiding member 2 includes a plurality of mirrors which are high mirrors.
- the mirror here comprises a mirror and/or a concave mirror.
- the polarization rotator 3 is located between at least one of the mirrors and the beam splitting film 1, and the polarization rotator 3 is, for example, an optically active crystal or a chiral liquid crystal or a magneto-optical device.
- the light guiding assembly 2 includes two plane mirrors 21 and 22 at an angle, and the polarization rotator 3 is disposed between the beam splitting film 1 and the two plane mirrors 21, 22.
- the first transmitted light is formed into an isosceles triangle optical path between the spectroscopic film 1 and the light guiding component 2 after being twice reflected by the plane mirrors 21, 22, and then returns to the incident point A to generate the second reflected light R 2 and the second transmitted light. T 2 .
- the second transmitted aperture 2 spatially coincides with the first reflected light and merged into one beam; the second reflected light R 2 and the first transmitted light 1 ⁇ spatially coincide with each other, and continuously circulate along the 1 ⁇ track. Finally, all of the energy is transmitted from the spectroscopic film 1 and combined into output light.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein the light guiding component 2 includes a plane mirror 21 and a concave mirror 23, which are disposed in such a manner that the optical path between the beam splitting film 1 and the light guiding component 2 is The isosceles triangle, so that the transmitted beam can return to the point of incidence A.
- the arrangement of the polarization rotator 3 is similar to that in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
- the light guiding component 2 can also include three or more mirrors, as shown in FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a depolarizer according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, which is different from Embodiment 1 in that the light guide assembly 2 further includes a concave mirror 23 disposed between the plane mirrors 21, 22 and the beam splitting film 1, a concave mirror 23 faces the mirror surface of the plane mirrors 21, 22.
- the arrangement of the polarization rotator 3 is similar to that in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again. Only in this configuration, the beam is passed through the polarization rotator 3 two or three or four times by setting the position of the polarization rotator 3. The light beam shown in Figure 3 passes back and forth through the polarization rotator 3 three times.
- the light guiding assembly 2 includes a mirror and a focusing lens.
- the mirror is a high-reflection mirror, and all the light is reflected after the incident beam.
- the mirror is a plane mirror, and it can also be a concave mirror or a convex mirror.
- the focus lens is disposed between the beam splitting film 1 and the mirror, and may be a self-focusing lens or a convex lens.
- the polarization rotator 3 is located at any position on the optical path between the spectroscopic film 1 and the mirror as long as the light beam can pass.
- the polarization rotator 3 is preferably a magnetic rotator.
- the light guide assembly 2 includes a plane mirror 21 and a convex lens 25 disposed between the plane mirror 21 and the beam splitting film 1, and the beam splitting film 1 and the plane mirror 21 are respectively placed at positions of the object and the image on both sides of the convex lens 25.
- the light scattered by the point A of the spectroscopic film is concentrated by the convex lens 25 at the plane mirror 21, i.e., imaged on the plane mirror 21.
- the angle of the plane mirror 21 is adjusted such that the first transmitted light passes through the convex lens 25 and returns to point A to form a circulating optical path as described above.
- the polarization rotator 3 is realized by the Faraday piece 32, and a magnetic ring 321 is placed over the Faraday piece 32.
- the convex lens 25 in FIG. 4 is replaced by a self-focusing lens 29.
- the length of the self-focusing lens 29 is 0.49 pitch, and the refractive index is distributed along the center of the circle, and the light is advanced along the curve as shown.
- the mirror 21 is composed of a dielectric film which is directly plated on the end face of the self-focusing lens 29.
- the spectroscopic film 1 is also plated on the light-emitting surface of the collimator self-focusing lens.
- the Faraday piece 32 and the magnetic tube 321 remain unchanged. Comparing Fig. 4, a double fiber collimator 4 is further added to form a pigtail type depolarizer.
- the collimator 4 is composed of two optical fibers 41, a 0.25 pitch self-focusing lens 42 and a fixing device 43.
- the fixing device 43 is bonded by a capillary glass tube and a glass tube.
- the incident light from the depolarizer is input by one of the fibers, and the output light (including, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 ...) is coupled into the other fiber.
- the above is only a few examples, and is not intended to limit the invention, and there are many related combinations, which are not described in detail herein.
- the light guiding component 2 comprises a mirror and a wedge, wherein the wedge is located between the at least one mirror and the beam splitting film 1; in another case, the light guiding component 2 comprises only the wedge .
- the polarization rotator 3 is an optically active crystal or a chiral liquid crystal or a magneto-optical device, which is similar to the arrangement in the above embodiment, and will not be described again.
- the light guiding member 2 includes a concave mirror 22 and a diamond wedge 27 disposed between the beam splitting film 1 and the concave mirror 22.
- the transmitted beam passes through the transmission of the diamond wedge 27 and the reflection from the concave mirror 22, and returns to the origin to complete an optical path cycle.
- the light guide assembly includes only one isosceles triangular glass wedge 26.
- the wedge 26 is made of a transparent substance such as BK7 glass.
- the two isosceles of the wedge 26 act as a mirror, the light is incident on the isosceles, and the isosceles acts as a mirror.
- the polarization rotator is a magnetic rotator 32 located between the beam splitting film 1 and the distal wedge 26 as long as the beam can pass.
- the light guide assembly includes only one isosceles triangular glass wedge 26.
- the wedge 26 is made of a transparent substance such as BK7 glass.
- the two isosceles of the wedge 26 act as a mirror, the light is incident on the isosceles, and the isosceles acts as a mirror.
- the polarization rotator is composed of two optical crystals 331 and 332.
- the optically active crystals 331 and 332 have opposite optical directions, one being a left-handed crystal and one being a right-handed crystal, each rotating 45 °.
- the optical rotation crystals 331 and 332 are located between the spectral film 1 and the distal wedge 26, and the light passes through the optical rotation crystals 331 and 332 in the opposite directions in one cycle.
- the wedge can be used not only with a mirror, but also with a variety of optics such as mirrors and/or focusing lenses.
- the light guiding member 2 may include a plurality of optical devices, and by combining the optical devices, the light beam is returned to the light-splitting film 1 after being circulated through an optical path.
- the above embodiments are only used as examples and are not intended to limit the invention.
- the light guide assembly 2 may also be other types of structural arrangements, and thus variations and equivalents based thereon are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. In the actual situation, from In terms of cost and implementation, it should be the simplest structure, the lowest cost, and the easiest to implement.
- the polarization rotator 3 taking the embodiment 1 as an example, when the quartz rotator 31 is used, the light polarization state of the beam is rotated by 90° as an example. The beam in FIG.
- the quartz rotator 1 passes through the quartz rotator once, so it should be selected at this time.
- a quartz optical rotating sheet with an optical rotation angle of 90° If the beams pass through the quartz rotator once in opposite directions, the two rotations cancel each other out, and the quartz rotator does not function, which is equivalent to a zero pass of the beam.
- the light beam shown in Fig. 3 passes through the quartz optical rotating sheet 31 three times, which corresponds to a net passage number of the light beam of 1, so that a quartz optical rotating sheet having an optical rotation angle of 90° is still selected. Therefore, in the setting, it is necessary to ensure that the net passage number of the light beam passing through the quartz optical rotating sheet is greater than zero.
- the optical rotation angle of the quartz optical rotator can be expressed as (90° + N * 180°) / k. If the error allowed in the project is considered, the optical rotation angle range is (90 ° + N * 180 ° -22 ° ) / k to (90° + N * 180 ° + 22 °) / k.
- the polarization rotator 3 can also be a chiral crystal or a magneto-optical device (for example, a Faraday rotator with a magnetic tube), wherein the chiral crystal is similar to the optical illuminating crystal and will not be described again.
- the Faraday rotator with a magnetic tube is different.
- the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator 32 can be expressed as (90° + N*180°). I (m+n), where m and n are non-negative integers, respectively representing the number of times the beam passes through the Faraday rotator in the opposite direction.
- the range of the optical rotation angle is (90° + N * 180 ° -22 °) I (m + n) to (90 ° + N * 180 ° + 22 °) I (m + n) o
- the polarization rotator described above is a single device, and the polarization rotator may also be a combination of a plurality of optical rotators, such as in Embodiment 8.
- the polarization rotator comprises two crystal rotators, one of which is a left-handed crystal, and the other of which is a right-handed crystal 332.
- the sum of the rotation angles of the two is 90 degrees, such as a left-handed 45-degree right-handed 45-degree; or a left-handed 30-degree right-handed 60-degree and so on.
- one of the crystals can also be a Faraday piece, as long as the combined effect of the two optical rotations is 90 degrees.
- the depolarizer needs to have a pigtail, which can be used in the beam splitting film.
- One side is added with a double fiber collimator to form a pigtail type depolarizer, as shown in FIG.
- Embodiment 1 the optical path in the depolarizer according to the embodiment of the present invention is also depicted in FIG.
- the initial incident light is incident on the spectroscopic film at an incident angle ⁇ , and the transmission angle is ⁇ , where ⁇ and ⁇ are >0.
- the incident light is marked as I.
- the first reflected light is labeled Ri
- the first transmitted light is labeled
- the first transmitted light leaves the spectroscopic film 1 and is reflected by the light guiding unit 2 to return to the spectroscopic film 1, and passes through the polarization rotator 3 in the middle, and the polarization state is rotated by 90°.
- the first transmitted light transmitted through the polarization rotator 3 is marked to distinguish the change in the polarization state, and returns to the spectroscopic film 1 to cause reflection and transmission, thereby completing one optical path cycle.
- Characteristics of the optical path cycle The incident angle is ⁇ , and the transmission angle is equal; the incident point and the ⁇ exit point coincide, both are points A, and Ii, 1 scoop of the incident normal and 1 ⁇ in a plane.
- a second reflected beam and a second transmitted beam T 2 are formed after passing through the beam splitting film 1. Since the incident angle is ⁇ , the incident point is a defect, and the normal and T ⁇ are in one plane, the second transmitted light 11 ⁇ 2 will spatially coincide with the first reflected light to form a bundle, and the second reflected light R 2 advancing along the trajectory of the first transmitted light T ⁇ , entering the next optical path cycle, and continuously circulating, thereby having I 2 , T 3 , R 3 , I 3 , T 4 , R 4 , ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 5 , R 5 , ..., and so on.
- the working principle and effect of this new type of depolarizer can be accurately derived by multi-beam interference, but the process is more complicated.
- the coherence length theory is used below to explain the depolarization effect, and the process is simple but does not affect the accuracy of the results.
- the structure design of the depolarizer ensures that the optical path length L of one cycle is longer than the coherence length Lc of the incident polarized light source, so the light reflected by the spectroscopic film and the multiple transmissions are not coherent, and the power phase can be directly performed regardless of the phase relationship. plus.
- the polarization rotator 3 exchanges the energy in the XY direction once, and 2/3 of the light energy is transmitted from the spectroscopic film 1, leaving 1/3 to continue the cycle.
- the table below shows the light energy at each incident, reflection, and transmission.
- equations (1) and (2) can represent any incident polarized light.
- the incident light is decomposed into the X-axis Y-axis component along the fast and slow axis of the ellipsometric light.
- the definition of the XY axis is not necessary.
- the energy of any polarization can be decomposed into two components of arbitrary vertical. The two vertical directions are the X and Y axes, and the two energy components are a and b. In this case, the above analysis and formula (1) and (2) Still established.
- the conclusion is that whether the incident light is linear, elliptically polarized or circularly polarized, the output light is in use.
- the energy in any one of the polarization directions is equal, that is, the exiting light does not have any polarization direction dominant, and the depolarization is successfully achieved.
- the splitting ratio and the optical rotation angle are not absolutely equal to the ideal values of 1/3 and 90°, and the present invention does not require an absolute accurate value. Instead, the present invention has a wide tolerance for engineering. It can be easily implemented, which increases reliability and reduces costs. The following will be discussed in detail when the spectroscopic film 1 has other reflectances, or the optical rotation angle cannot be accurately reached to 90°.
- the depolarization effect of the depolarizer can be expressed by the degree of polarization of the output light, and its value range is [0, 1]. 0 means complete depolarization, 1 means no depolarization at all, if it is 0.1, it means that 10% of the light is still polarized, and it can be considered that the depolarization effect is achieved when the degree of polarization is less than 20%.
- the degree of polarization of the device is calculated using the full polarization extinction ratio test method. The basic principle is that the input light is linearly polarized and the analyzer is connected to the output.
- Constantly adjust the polarization direction of the input light change the polarization direction of the input light every time, rotate the analyzer for one week, and record a set of maximum/minimum analyzer output power.
- the polarization direction of the input light is rotated by 180°, and the maximum output light intensity I max in the data is selected.
- the minimum output intensity I min is the polarization degree DOP of the device is ' ⁇ (see Song Shixia, Monochrome Optical Depolarizer and Wave Plate Depolarization). Research on Effects, p. 8, Ph.D., Master's Thesis, 2009).
- There is no birefringent material in the depolarizer of the present invention so the polarization direction of the input light is isotropic, and only the analyzer rotation needs to be analyzed. In other words, the polarization component in each direction can be analyzed.
- the incident light I is assumed. It is linearly polarized, and there is no loss in the optical path during transmission.
- the output light of the depolarizer according to the embodiment of the present invention is at any angle ⁇ polarization state energy is:
- the enthalpy is in the range of 68°-112°, and the DOP is less than 20%, of which 90.
- the DOP is 0.
- the angle represents a clockwise rotation of 68°-112°, and the resulting depolarization effect is the same.
- the transmittance of the spectroscopic film 1 is not optimal 2/3, but other values, but the optical rotation angle is accurately 90°, the incident light I is assumed. It is linearly polarized and there is no loss in the optical path during transmission.
- Table 3 can be calculated according to the same formula (3). It can be seen from Table 3 that when the reflectance R is in the range of 25% to 43%, the degree of polarization DOP is lower than 0.2, and the polarization degree DOP is the lowest when it is close to 33.3%, and the overall depolarization effect is ideal.
- the depolarizer according to the present invention, common optical devices such as mirrors, focusing lenses and/or wedges are used, which are simple in structure, low in cost, and small in size; It can be seen from the principle of the device that the depolarizer is suitable for linear polarized light, elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light, and has wide application range.
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CN106772916A (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 上海伟钊光学科技股份有限公司 | 微型法拉第旋光反射镜 |
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