WO2013039970A2 - Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation - Google Patents
Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013039970A2 WO2013039970A2 PCT/US2012/054757 US2012054757W WO2013039970A2 WO 2013039970 A2 WO2013039970 A2 WO 2013039970A2 US 2012054757 W US2012054757 W US 2012054757W WO 2013039970 A2 WO2013039970 A2 WO 2013039970A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- openings
- bottom wall
- sided
- tunnel
- along
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means
- E01F5/005—Culverts ; Head-structures for culverts, or for drainage-conduit outlets in slopes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
Definitions
- the present application relates to the general art of precast concrete bridge and culvert units, and to the particular field of four-sided bridge and culvert units.
- Overfilled bridge structures are frequently formed of precast reinforced four-sided concrete units commonly referred to as arch units, arch culverts, box units or box culverts.
- four-sided bridge unit encompasses all of such structures.
- the units are used in the case of bridges to support one pathway over a second pathway, which can be a waterway.
- Four-sided bridge units have a bottom wall structure that facilitates on-site placement with reduced need for foundation preparation.
- a four-side bridge unit adapted to create a more natural environment through the pathway defined by the bridge units and/or adapted to reduce impact on fish migrations would be desirable.
- a method of providing an environmentally appealing region for water flow along an surrounded pathway tunnel involves: providing a plurality of four-sided concrete bridge units in abutting relationship to create a surrounded pathway tunnel, one end of the tunnel located upstream along a water path and an opposite end of the tunnel located downstream along the water path; allowing water to flow through the surrounded pathway tunnel during a rain or other flow event; and providing a multiplicity of the four-sided bridge units with a corresponding bottom wall structure that interacts with the flowing water and earthen material in the flowing water such that capture and settling of the earthen material at locations along the tunnel occurs to produce a more natural water flow pathway along the tunnel.
- the bottom wall structure of each of the multiplicity of the four-sided bridge units may be provided with a plurality of through openings such that at least forty percent of the bottom wall structure is open. For example, at least fifty percent of the bottom wall structure of each of the multiplicity of the four-sided bridge units may be open.
- a lip structure may be provided at a top portion of at least some of the through openings, the lip structure facing upstream.
- each bottom wall structure may be arranged in rows that extend along a span of the respective four-sided bridge unit.
- the plurality of openings may be formed in the shape of elongated slots, each elongated slot defining a row, such that multiple beams are formed in the bottom wall structure and also extend along the span. At least one beam with a height that is greater than a height of another beam, the higher beam interacting with the flowing water and earthen material to reduce flow velocity and thereby enhance settling out of earthen material.
- the lip structure By providing a lip structure along at least one beam, the lip structure extending in an upstream direction into an adjacent elongated slot, wash out of earthen material that has settled in the adjacent elongated slot can be limited.
- the plurality of openings may be provided as multiple series of openings, each series of openings forming a respective row. By staggering openings of adjacent rows, nesting of the openings is achieved. By providing upper lip structure along one or more edges of at least some of the openings, the lip structure extending into its respective opening, wash out can be limited.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a four-sided bridge unit
- Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the bridge unit of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a cross section along line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
- FIG. 4 is bottom view of the bridge unit of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of two bridge units of Fig. 1 arranged edge to edge;
- Fig. 6 is an enlarged partial view of the cross-section of Fig. 5;
- Fig. 7 shows a partial cross-section of an embodiment of a unit with both upstream and downstream facing lips;
- Fig. 8 shows a partial cross-section of an embodiment of a unit in which the beams all have a common height
- FIGs. 9 and 10 show perspective views of another embodiment of a four- sided bridge unit in which continuous haunches are provided in the corners where the bottom wall meets the side walls;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a four-sided bridge unit
- Fig. 12 is an end elevation of the bridge unit of Fig. 11 ;
- Fig. 13 is a cross section along line 13-13 of Fig. 12;
- Fig. 14 is bottom view of the bridge unit of Fig. 11;
- Fig. 14A is a partial cross-section along line 14A of Fig. 14;
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of a four-sided bridge unit
- Fig. 16 is an end elevation of the bridge unit of Fig. 15;
- Fig. 17 is a cross section along line 17-17 of Fig. 16;
- Fig. 18 is bottom view of the bridge unit of Fig. 15;
- Figs. 19A-B show another embodiment of a bridge unit
- FIG. 20A-C show another embodiment of a bridge unit
- FIG. 21A-C show another embodiment of a bridge unit
- Fig. 22 shows a plurality of four-sided units arranged along a water flow path
- Fig. 23 shows a schematic end elevation of the system of Fig. 22 as buried.
- FIG. 1-4 a four-sided precast concrete bridge unit 10 is shown.
- bridge unit 10 is formed by a generally horizontal extending bottom wall 12, substantially vertically upward extending side walls 14 and 16 at the ends of the bottom wall and a top wall 18 having a generally arch-shaped configuration.
- top walls other than arch-shaped e.g., flat top walls
- side walls other than vertical are possible.
- length and “span” of an individual unit or portions of the unit refers to a horizontal dimension extending parallel with the direction of arrow 20 (which is substantially perpendicular to a horizontal through axis 22 of the unit) and the terms “width” and “depth” of the individual unit or portions of the unit refer to a horizontal dimension extending parallel to the through axis 22.
- arch and "arch-shaped" when referring to the top of an arch unit means a curved shape (including constant radius curves, curves with multiple radii, curves with continuously varying radius) or any top wall shape that is higher in the middle of the top wall as opposed to where the top wall meets the side walls (e.g., an inverted V-shape or a combination of three or more planar segments angularly arranged with respect to each other to produce a vaulted top wall or a combination of curved segments and flat segments that produce a vaulted top wall).
- the bottom, top and side walls are preferably precast as a single monolithic structure in a single casting operation.
- one or more walls may be cast separately and then connected together by suitable connecting structure (e.g., reinforcing bars or by casting one or more elements separately and then placing that cast element in the formwork that is used to cast the final structure).
- the bottom wall 12 of the unit 10 is shaped and configured to facilitate both sedimentation within and passage of marine life once the unit is installed.
- the bottom wall 12 includes a plurality of elongated, spanwise extending through openings that extend completely through the thickness of the bottom wall 12.
- each elongated opening 24 has a length Lo that is at least about sixty percent of the overall width of the unit Lu (e.g., Lo is at least about 70% of Lu, such as for example, between 80%> and 95% of Lu).
- Lo is at least about 70% of Lu, such as for example, between 80%> and 95% of Lu.
- Intermediate beams 26 separate the elongated openings 24 and serve to maintain a rigid connection between the lower ends of the side walls 14 and 16.
- Edge located beams 28 are also provided, thereby providing a continuous peripheral support surface at the lower side of the bottom wall.
- the lower surface of each beam 28 is preferably in common plane with the continuous peripheral support surface to provide added stability and distribution of loads. As shown, roughly about 40% to 60% (e.g., about 45% to 55%) of the lower side of the bottom wall makes up the support or resting surface of the bridge unit and the remainder (about 60% to 40%) is open via the openings 24.
- Lengthwise extending reinforcement may be provided in each of the beams for structural integrity, with some continuity provided between that reinforcement and the reinforcement of the vertical side walls.
- the combination of the beams 26, 28 and the openings 24 are configured to promote sedimentation at the bottom of the bridge unit.
- the beams 26 and one of the beams 28 are formed with a lip structure 32 and 34 that overhangs the adjacent opening 24 and extends from the beam in an upstream direction.
- one or more of the beams 28 has a thickness or height that exceeds that of the adjacent beams 26 and/or 28. The effect of this configuration is best described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6, where Fig. 5 shows two units 10 in edge to edge relationship as such units would typically be installed on a job site and Fig. 6 shows an enlarged partial view with a flow pattern.
- the edge located beams 28" (located at the upstream flow edge of the units) lack any upstream facing lip structure while the edge located beams 28' (located at the downstream flow edge of the units) incorporates an upstream facing lip structure.
- the edge located beams 28' located at the downstream flow edge of the units
- the width of the beam structures 28' and 28" is preferably smaller than the width of beam structures 26' and 26" (e.g., on the order of about 50% to about 60% of the width of beam structures 26' and 26") so that the overall width of the effective beam is more consistent with the overall width of the beams 26' and 26".
- the height of beams 26" is greater than the height of beams 26', 28' and 28" as shown. Beams 26', 28' and 28" have the same thickness or height and beams 26" may have a thickness or height that is about 110%) to about 140%o greater (e.g., about 120% to about 130% greater). However, variations are possible.
- the width W L of the lip structure may be on the order of about 10% to 20% of the overall width Wo of the opening 24.
- a tapered surface 36 connects the vertical side surface 38 of the beam with the protruding edge of the lip.
- the higher beams tend to reduce the velocity in the vicinity 40 of an opening 24 which tends to cause sediment to drop out of the flow and into the opening.
- the lip structure 32 helps prevent washout of any sediment that builds up in the openings 24.
- the lip structures 32 and 34 of the shorter beams 26' and 28' also help prevent washout in respective openings and creates respective areas 42 and 44 of lower velocity that can promote sedimentation.
- connection of every other beam to the vertical side wall includes a haunch 46, which may include reinforcement, to resist the moment loads in the corners. Placing the haunches in a spaced apart manner, rather than providing a continuous haunch, can also help promote sedimentation. However, continuous haunches are also contemplated for some applications, as reflected in the embodiment of Figs. 9 and 10.
- the relative length of the slotted openings 24 (as compared to overall length of the unit) is smaller than that shown in Fig. 4 in order to accommodate the haunch 46.
- Figs. 9 and 10 show a four-sided bridge unit with a flat top wall structure rather than an arched top wall structure.
- Figs. 1-6 contemplates upstream facing lips only, in an alternative embodiment downstream facing lips may also be provided on the beams as shown in Fig. 7. Likewise, embodiments in which all the beams have a common height are contemplated, as shown in Fig. 8.
- each of the beams may be formed with a section 48 of reduced thickness to create a low flow channel through the unit, making it easier for marine life (e.g., fish) to travel through the unit.
- the reduced thickness sections 48 may be formed without any lip structures.
- FIG. 11-14 An alternative embodiment of a four-side bridge unit 50 adapted for sedimentation is shown in Figs. 11-14.
- the bottom wall 52 of the bridge unit 50 includes a plurality of openings 54.
- the openings are arranged in a plurality of lengthwise extending rows 56 and 58, with the rows 56 and 58 arranged in an alternating and staggered relationship that provides some nesting of the openings of one row into the spaces between the openings of another row.
- the openings are distributed along a lengthwise extending mid-portion Lo of the bottom wall 52 that represents between about 50% to about 80% of the overall length Lu of the bottom wall of the unit.
- the bottom wall lacks any openings in roughly about the first 10% to 25% of the extent of the bottom wall from its ends.
- Reinforcement 60 may be located in this area for structural integrity.
- the edges of the bottom wall are continuous, lengthwise
- the reinforcement 62 may be included along such edges as well.
- About 75% to about 90%> of the bottom wall in the mid-portion Lo may be open space, while only about 55% to about 70% of the overall area of the bottom wall (as viewed from the bottom) may be open space.
- the openings 54 may include lip structure to promote sedimentation and reduce washout effects.
- the lip structure may be upstream facing lip structure 66, downstream facing lip structure 64 and/or lengthwise facing lip structure 68.
- FIG. 15- 18 A further embodiment of a four-sided bridge unit 70 is shown in Figs. 15- 18.
- the openings 74 of the unit actually include rows of partial openings along each edge.
- the partial openings 74' are preferably about one half the size of a regular opening such that when one unit is abutted with another unit the partial openings combine to effectively form an opening similar in size and shape to the openings 74.
- the mid-point arrangement of the openings along the length of the bottom wall 72 may be similar to that of the embodiment of Figs. 11-14, with reinforcement 76 in the end areas of the bottom wall 72. However, due to the edge openings 74', no reinforcement is provided in the mid-section where the openings are located.
- the openings 74 of the unit 70 may also include lip structure as described relative to Fig. 14A.
- the unit 90 of Figs. 19A-B includes lengthwise extending openings 82 having ends adjacent the side walls 84, alternatingly raised 86 and lowered 88 beams and upstream facing lips, with no haunches or gusseting between the bottom wall and the side walls.
- the unit 90 of Figs. 20A-C is similar to that of Figs. 19A-B but also includes reduced thickness sections in the beams to provide a low flow channel 92.
- the unit 100 of Figs. 21A-C includes beams and slots with ends spaced from the side walls, and no haunches or gussets, such that the corner areas between the bottom wall and the side walls form low flow areas.
- Fig. 22 shows a plurality of four-sided concrete bridge units, which could be any of the unit configurations previously described, in abutting relationship to create a surrounded pathway tunnel 110.
- One end 112 of the tunnel is located upstream along a water path 114 and an opposite end 116 of the tunnel is located downstream along the water path 114.
- Fig. 23 shows the units in profile as buried in earthen material 118.
- Fig. 23 could also represent a series of buried units used for the purpose of storm water collection, with infiltration into the surrounding earth occuring through the openings in the bottom walls of the units.
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12769221.8A EP2756135B1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
ES12769221.8T ES2656858T3 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method that includes quadrilateral concrete bridge units adapted to promote sedimentation |
CA2848200A CA2848200A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
PL12769221T PL2756135T3 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
AU2012308798A AU2012308798B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
DK12769221.8T DK2756135T3 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method with four-sided concrete bridge units to promote settling |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161535565P | 2011-09-16 | 2011-09-16 | |
US61/535,565 | 2011-09-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013039970A2 true WO2013039970A2 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
WO2013039970A3 WO2013039970A3 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
Family
ID=46981094
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/054757 WO2013039970A2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-12 | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130071189A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2756135B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR087890A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012308798B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2848200A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2756135T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2656858T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2756135T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013039970A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114086472A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-02-25 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Construction method for controlling post-construction settlement of frame bridge |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9481968B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2016-11-01 | Contech Engineered Solutions LLC | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
US20140270990A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Utility Concrete Products, Llc | Precast concrete retaining wall |
WO2016003749A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | Contech Engineered Solutions LLC | Bridge system and method including four sided concrete bridge units adapted for promoting sedimentation |
USD765265S1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-08-30 | Contech Engineered Solutions LLC | Bridge unit |
CN108894129A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-11-27 | 上海二十冶建设有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated assembled culvert structure and its construction method |
CN109183850B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-10-08 | 杜地 | A kind of sea tunnel |
US11505900B2 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-11-22 | Rupert R. Thomas, Sr. | Elevated roadway quasi-equilibrium support system |
CN111877401B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-03-08 | 杜同 | Underwater traffic tunnel |
US11603652B2 (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-03-14 | Shahriar Eftekharzadeh | Storm tunnel |
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US4360042A (en) * | 1978-12-07 | 1982-11-23 | Hancor, Inc. | Arched conduit with improved corrugations |
US4797030A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1989-01-10 | Con/Span Culvert Systems, Inc. | Precast concrete culvert system |
SE0003387L (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2001-10-22 | Olof Ragnar Hallberg | Staircase-forming device for fish walking through water-carrying passages, especially road drums |
US6991402B2 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2006-01-31 | Stormtrap Llc | Methods and modules for an underground assembly for storm water retention or detention |
US7137756B1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2006-11-21 | Hail Mary Rubber Co., Inc. | Fluid-tight bell-and-spigot-joint for box culverts |
WO2008104075A1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Environmental Culvert Systems Inc. | Environmental culvert system |
US8770890B2 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2014-07-08 | Stormtrap Llc | Module and assembly for managing the flow of water |
US8651770B2 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2014-02-18 | Tensar Corporation, Llc | Erosion control ballast and soil confinement mat |
US8708601B2 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2014-04-29 | Jensen Enterprises, Inc. | Box culvert |
US20120009018A1 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-01-12 | Kenway Corporation | Culvert liner |
-
2012
- 2012-09-12 DK DK12769221.8T patent/DK2756135T3/en active
- 2012-09-12 CA CA2848200A patent/CA2848200A1/en active Pending
- 2012-09-12 WO PCT/US2012/054757 patent/WO2013039970A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-09-12 PL PL12769221T patent/PL2756135T3/en unknown
- 2012-09-12 EP EP12769221.8A patent/EP2756135B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-09-12 ES ES12769221.8T patent/ES2656858T3/en active Active
- 2012-09-12 AU AU2012308798A patent/AU2012308798B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-09-13 US US13/613,710 patent/US20130071189A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-14 AR ARP120103408A patent/AR087890A1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114086472A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-02-25 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Construction method for controlling post-construction settlement of frame bridge |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2756135B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
DK2756135T3 (en) | 2018-01-08 |
AU2012308798B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
WO2013039970A3 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
AR087890A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
EP2756135A2 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
ES2656858T3 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
US20130071189A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
PL2756135T3 (en) | 2018-04-30 |
CA2848200A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
AU2012308798A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
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