WO2013037732A1 - A method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation - Google Patents

A method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013037732A1
WO2013037732A1 PCT/EP2012/067647 EP2012067647W WO2013037732A1 WO 2013037732 A1 WO2013037732 A1 WO 2013037732A1 EP 2012067647 W EP2012067647 W EP 2012067647W WO 2013037732 A1 WO2013037732 A1 WO 2013037732A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aggregate
data
magnetic levitation
target cellular
suspension
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Application number
PCT/EP2012/067647
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Venkatasubramaniam KALAMBUR
Sindhulakshmi KURUP
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to CN201280044292.8A priority Critical patent/CN103797361A/en
Publication of WO2013037732A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013037732A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension, and more particularly to a method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation.
  • Determining the number of a particular type of cell or subcellular entity is required in a number of biochemical as ⁇ says.
  • the numbers are determined either manually wherein a human operator inspects a known volume of suspension of the cell smeared on a glass slide and counts the cell-type of interest under a microscope, or automatically by flow cytometry. Manual method is prone to human errors, which are further enhanced by high cell concentrations of both cell-type of interest and other cell types. As far as Flow cytometry is concerned, it requires very expensive and com ⁇ plex instrumentation, besides a highly skilled operator.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to disclose a method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension in a simple, inexpensive and efficient way .
  • the idea of the invention is to determine counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation wherein the count of target cellular entities is derived from the count of certain aggregates.
  • Such an aggregate consists of a target cellular entity which is labeled in the suspen ⁇ sion with an additive, wherein the additive is a complex com- prising a binding site for binding specifically to the target cellular entity and a non binding component for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate.
  • the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity and of an aggregate, respectively, using magnetic levitation comprises a step of magnetic levitation for analyzing the ag ⁇ gregate, a step of obtaining data, and a step of processing the data.
  • the aggregate is analyzed by levitating the aggregate.
  • the data is obtained based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate, wherein the data is generated by the detectable property of the non bind ⁇ ing component .
  • the data so obtained is processed to determine the count of the aggregate. From this, the count of the target cellular entity can be derived.
  • the count of target cellular entity is proportional to the count of aggregate.
  • the additive has a plurality of binding sites. As a result of the plurality of binding sites, the additive binds to more than one target cellular entity and, since the target cellular entities also bind to more than one additive, a network of aggregates is produced.
  • the aggregate has a density and in the network so produced, the density is increased.
  • the density so increased results in a variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregate.
  • the data obtained, as a result of the variation in geometric property, is used in the step of processing to determine the count of aggregate and target cellular entity, respectively.
  • the method further com ⁇ prises a step of cross-linking a plurality of the target cel ⁇ lular entities and/or the additives and/or the aggregates. Due to the cross-linking step a cross-linked network of ag- gregates is produced. The aggregate has a density and in the cross-linked network so produced, the density is increased. Thus, in the step of magnetic levitation, there is a varia ⁇ tion of geometric property of the levitated aggregate.
  • the data obtained, as a result of the variation in geometric property is used in the step of processing to determine the count of aggregate and target cellular entity, respectively.
  • the method further com ⁇ prises a step of aggregate entrapping in a fixed volume.
  • the step of aggregate entrapping is before the step of magnetic levitation.
  • the step of aggregate entrapping is for entrap ⁇ ping a variable number of aggregates in the fixed volume.
  • the variable number so entrapped depends on variable initial con ⁇ centrations of the aggregates in the suspension used for en- trapping. Due to this variable number of aggregates en ⁇ trapped, the fixed volume has variable densities.
  • the variable densities re ⁇ sults in a corresponding variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregates.
  • the data obtained, as a result of the variation in geometric property is used in the step of processing to determine the count of target cellular entity.
  • the target cellular entity is a cell and/or a sub-cellular entity and/or a combination of a cell and a tag and/or a combination of a sub-cellular entity and a tag.
  • the binding site is in an antibody and/or a biochemical ligand. This pro ⁇ vides the advantage of specific binding of the additive to the target cellular entity.
  • the antibody and/or the biochemical ligand specific for binding to a target cellular entity can easily be raised with the help of known tech ⁇ niques .
  • the non bind ⁇ ing component is a nanoparticle .
  • Nanoparticles have detect ⁇ able properties such as color.
  • the target cellular entity may have such low density that their magnetic levita- tion is impossible or futile.
  • the aggregate can be subjected, practically and successfully, to magnetic levi- tation technique.
  • the non bind- ing component is a gold nanoparticle.
  • Gold has a unique color that generates the data based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate.
  • gold also has a high density. This high density results in detectable magnetic levitation readings and the color provides for simple visual read outs.
  • the detect ⁇ able property of the non binding component is a color of the non binding component.
  • the color helps in visual or machine based read-outs and thus generates the data that is obtained and subsequently processed.
  • the data in the step of obtaining the data based on the geometric property of the levitated aggregate, is obtained by measuring a width of a layer of the levitated aggregate and/or a distance of the levitated aggregate from a fixed point. The data so obtained provides the input data for the step of processing.
  • the data obtained in the step of ob ⁇ taining the data is compared with a reference data set to de ⁇ termine the counts of the aggregate and the target cellular entity, respectively.
  • the reference data set comprises indi- vidual data entries representing variable counts of the tar ⁇ get cellular entities.
  • the system comprises a magnetic levitation device, a means for obtaining a data, and a means for processing the data so obtained.
  • the magnetic levitation device is for analyzing an aggregate by levitating the aggregate.
  • the aggregate comprises the tar ⁇ get cellular entities labeled with an additive.
  • the additive is a complex comprising a binding site for binding specifically to the target cellular entity and a non binding compo ⁇ nent for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate.
  • the means for obtaining a data is adapted to obtain the data based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate.
  • the data is generatable by the detectable property of the non binding component.
  • the means for processing the data is for determining the count of the target cellular entity.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of a method for
  • FIG 2 illustrates a schematic drawing of a second em ⁇ bodiment of the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation wherein the additives have a plurality of the binding site.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a schematic drawing of a third em ⁇ bodiment of the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing the step of cross- linking .
  • FIG 4 illustrates a schematic drawing of a fourth em ⁇ bodiment of the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing the step of aggre ⁇ gate entrapping.
  • Fig 5 illustrates a schematic drawing of a preferable
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of a method for de ⁇ termining counts of a target cellular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation according to a first embodiment herein.
  • the method comprises a step 100 of labeling the target cellular entity 10 with an additive 20 to produce an aggregate 30, a step 200 of magnetic levitation, a step 300 of obtaining a data 80 based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30, and a step 400 of processing the data 80 so obtained.
  • the step 100 of labeling and aggregate pro ⁇ duction does not necessarily have to be a part of the inven ⁇ tive method. Rather, it can be assumed that this step has taken place before the inventive method is performed, i.e. the step 100 of labeling can be part of a preparation proce ⁇ dure .
  • the step 100 is for producing the aggregate 30 by labeling the target cellular entity 10 with an additive 20.
  • the additive 20 is a complex comprising a binding site 21 for binding specifically to the target cellular entity 10 and a non binding component 22 for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate 30.
  • the target cellular entity 10 is, but not limited to, a cell (for example CD4+ T cell) , a sub-cellular entity (for example a protein, a lipid, a lipoprotein, nucleic acid) , a combina ⁇ tion of a cell and a tag (for example a CD4+ T cell combined with a CD4+ specific antibody) , or a combination of a sub- cellular entity and a tag (for example a lipoprotein molecule combined with a peptide molecule specific for the lipopro ⁇ tein) , or a combination thereof.
  • the cell can be, but not limited to, a natural cell, a modified cell or a diseased cell.
  • the sub-cellular entity is any entity found in a cell.
  • the sub-cellular entity can be in its natural form or in a modified form.
  • a tag which is combined with the cell can be the same or dif ⁇ ferent as a tag combined with a sub-cellular entity.
  • the tag can be, but not limited to, a specific antibody or a biologi ⁇ cal marker.
  • the binding site 21 is in, but not limited to, an antibody and/or a biochemical ligand.
  • the binding site 21 is specific for binding to the target cell 10.
  • the antibody containing the binding site 21 may be, but not limited to, a monoclonal or a polyclonal antibody or a combination thereof.
  • the ligand is, but not limited to, a complementary oligonucleotide.
  • the non binding component 22 is a nanoparticle .
  • the nanopar- ticle may be, but not limited to, any metallic nanoparticle.
  • the nanoparticle 22 is of any size and shape.
  • the non binding component 22 is a gold nanoparticle.
  • the detect ⁇ able property of the gold nanoparticle 22 is its color that generates the data 80 based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30. Moreover, gold nanoparticle 22 also has a high density compared to the density of the target cell 10. Thus, if the target cell 10 has such a low density that the magnetic levitation is impossible or futile, as a result of the nanoparticles 22, the aggregate 30 can be practically and successfully subjected to magnetic levitation technique.
  • the target cells 10 are in a known volume of the suspension.
  • the target cells 10 can be, but not limited to, in a mixture with other entities of cellular or non-cellular nature, or in a purified state, or in a partially purified state.
  • the target cells 10 have a plurality of attachment sites 11 such as, but not limited to, antigens, and when the additive 20 is added to a reaction tube (not shown in the figure) containing the suspension of the target cell 10, the binding site 21 of the additive 20 binds to the attachment site 11 of the target cell 10.
  • This binding may be realized, but not limited to, by formation of a covalent bond, an ionic bond, or a hydrogen bond, such that the aggregates 30 are produced in the suspension.
  • the aggregates 30 are analyzed.
  • the aggre- gates 30 are subjected to magnetic levitation.
  • the aggregates 30 in the suspension are loaded in to a device 40 adapted to carry out magnetic levitation.
  • the magnetic levitation is performed.
  • the aggregates 30 form a layer 35 in the device 40.
  • the data 80 is obtained based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30, wherein the data 80 is generated by the detectable property of the gold nanopar- ticle 22.
  • the detectable property e.g. the color of the gold nanoparticle 22
  • the data 80 is based on the geometric property of the levi ⁇ tated aggregate 30.
  • the geometric property is, but not lim ⁇ ited to, a width y of the layer 35.
  • the data 80 is obtained by measuring the width y of the layer 35 of the levitated ag ⁇ gregate 30.
  • the data 80 so obtained is processed.
  • the data 80 representing the width y of the layer 35, is compared with a reference data set 90 to determine the counts of the target cell 10.
  • the reference data set 90 comprises indi- vidual data entries 91.
  • the individual data entries 91 are set of concentrations of the target cell 10 for different widths y obtained, e.g. during a calibration measurement.
  • the set of concentrations represent variable counts of the target cell 10 in a known volume of the suspension of the target cells 10.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a schematic drawing of a second embodi ⁇ ment of the method for determining counts of the target cel ⁇ lular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation wherein the additives 20 have a plurality of the binding site 21.
  • the additives 20 used have the plurality of binding sites 21.
  • the plurality of binding sites 21 is contained, but not lim ⁇ ited to, in a polymeric antibody.
  • the polymeric antibody with the plurality of biding sites 21 binds to more than one tar- get cell 10 simultaneously. Since the target cell has more than one attachment site 11, it also binds more than one ad ⁇ ditive 20 simultaneously.
  • a network 31 of aggregates is formed .
  • the aggregate 30, when not in the network form, has a certain density and in the network 31 so produced the overall density of the network 31 is increased.
  • the density so increased results in a variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30.
  • the layer 35 is formed at a position different from a usual position where it ought to have formed (in absence of network formation) in the levitation tube 42.
  • the distance x of the position of the layer 35 in the levitation tube 42 is measured from a fixed point 44 and the data 80 is obtained in the step 300.
  • the data 80 due to the altered distance x is compared with the reference data set 90 which in the second embodiment contains individual data entries 91 representing different distances from the fixed point 44, i.e. respective distances xl to x5, and the corresponding concentrations.
  • the concentrations again represent the counts.
  • the counts of the tar ⁇ get cell 10 are determined in the step 400.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a schematic drawing of a third embodi ⁇ ment of the method for determining counts of the target cel ⁇ lular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing a step 500 of cross-linking.
  • a plu- rality of the target cells 10 and/or the additives 20 and/or the aggregates 30 are cross-linked to produce a cross-linked network 32.
  • the target cells 10 are cross linked by using a linker 23 that is, but not limited to, an oligopeptide.
  • the aggregate 30, when not in the cross-linked network 32 form, has a certain density and in the cross-linked network 32 so produced the overall density of the network 31 is in ⁇ creased.
  • the increase in density has the same effect in sub ⁇ sequent steps as is in the case of network 31 of aggregates 30 in the second embodiment.
  • the counts of the target cell 10 are determined in the step 400 based on the determination of the distance x from the layer 35 in the levitation tube 42.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a schematic drawing of a fourth embodi- ment of the method for determining counts of the target cel ⁇ lular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing a step 600 of aggregate entrapping.
  • a variable number of aggregates 30 is en- trapped in the fixed volume.
  • the entrapping can be realized, but not limited to, by latex agglutination or by agarose gel.
  • a suitable entrapping container is a polymer bead 50 of fixed volume. The variable number so entrapped de ⁇ pends on variable initial concentrations of the aggregates 30 in the suspension used for entrapping. Due to this variable number of aggregates 30 entrapped, the polymer bead has vari ⁇ able densities. Thus, in the step 200, the variable densities results in a corresponding variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregates 30.
  • the variation shows up in the distance x of the layer 35 when measured from the fixed point 44, i.e. in the layer's position.
  • the data 80 obtained, as a result of the variation in the distance x, is used in the step 400 of processing to determine the count of the target cell 10 by comparing it to the reference data set 90 which in this embodiment contains individual data entries 91 repre ⁇ senting different distances x from the fixed point 44 and the corresponding concentrations.
  • the step 600 of aggregate en ⁇ trapping is in between the step 100 of labeling and the step 200 of magnetic levitation.
  • the measurements of width y of the layer 35 or the distance x of the layer 35 relative to the fixed point 44 is made along an axis parallel to the levita ⁇ tion axis 45.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a schematic drawing of a preferable em ⁇ bodiment of a system for determining counts of the target cellular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation, according to a method as described in figures 1 to 4.
  • the system for determining counts of the aggregate 30 in a suspension using magnetic levitation comprises the magnetic levitation device 40, a means 60 for obtaining data and a means 70 for processing the data so obtained.
  • the magnetic levitation device 40 is for analyzing the aggre- gate 30 by levitating the aggregate 30.
  • the device 40 is adapted to carry out magnetic levitation.
  • the device 40 com ⁇ prises a magnet 41, the levitation tube 42 and a magnetic fluid 43.
  • Application of a magnetic field in the levitation tube 42 by the magnet 41 results in levitation of the aggre- gate 30 in the magnetic fluid 43 within the levitation tube 42 and the aggregate 30 suspends itself at a position in the tube depending on the density of the aggregate and forms a band within the tube 42.
  • More dense samples form bands at lower levels in the tube compared to less dense samples when measured from the base of the tube 42.
  • the widths of the bands also differ depending on the counts of the aggregate 30 in the suspension.
  • the means 60 is for obtaining the data 80 based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30.
  • the data 80 is gener- atable by the detectable property of the non binding compo ⁇ nent 22.
  • the means 60 is, but not limited to, a camera or a combination of a LED lamp and an image sensor.
  • the camera 60 obtains the data 80 based on the measurements of width y of the layer 35 or distance x of the layer 35 from the fixed point 44 in the levitation tube 42.
  • the data 80 is then di ⁇ rected to the means 70 for processing the data 80 and deter ⁇ mining the count of the target cell 10.
  • the means 70 is adapted to process the data 80 for determin ⁇ ing the count of the target cell 10.
  • the means 70 is, but not limited to, a programmable computer specially programmed to process the data 80.
  • the computer 70 compares the data 80 with the reference data set 90 and determines the count of the target cell 10.

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Abstract

A method for determining cell count of a target cell 10, using magnetic levitation, comprises labeling the target cell 10 in a known volume of suspension, with an additive 20. The additive 20 has a binding site 21 such as binding site of an antibody specific for the target cell 10 and a non binding component 22 such as a gold nanoparticle. The antibody 20 along with the gold nanoparticle 22 binds to the target cell 10, through the binding site 21, to produce an aggregate 30. The nanoparticle 22 imparts a color to the aggregate 30. The nanoparticle 22 also brings the density of the aggregate 30 in a range where the technique of magnetic levitation can be performed. The aggregate 30 is then subjected to magnetic levitation. The aggregate 30 forms a layer in the magnetic levitation apparatus. The width y of the layer is measured to obtain a data 80. The layer is visible due to nanoparticle color and the color helps in generating the data 80. The data 80 so obtained is processed by comparing it to a reference data set 90 to obtain the counts of the aggregate 30 in the suspension. The count of the aggregate 30 is proportional to the count of the target cell 10, and thus count of target cell 10 is determined from the count of the aggregate 30.

Description

Description
A method and a system for determining counts of a target cel¬ lular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation
The present invention relates to a method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension, and more particularly to a method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation.
Determining the number of a particular type of cell or subcellular entity is required in a number of biochemical as¬ says. Presently, the numbers are determined either manually wherein a human operator inspects a known volume of suspension of the cell smeared on a glass slide and counts the cell-type of interest under a microscope, or automatically by flow cytometry. Manual method is prone to human errors, which are further enhanced by high cell concentrations of both cell-type of interest and other cell types. As far as Flow cytometry is concerned, it requires very expensive and com¬ plex instrumentation, besides a highly skilled operator.
The object of the invention is therefore to disclose a method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension in a simple, inexpensive and efficient way .
The objects are achieved by the inventions disclosed in a method of claim 1 and a system of claim 12. Advantageous de¬ velopments emerge from the dependent claims.
The idea of the invention is to determine counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation wherein the count of target cellular entities is derived from the count of certain aggregates. Such an aggregate consists of a target cellular entity which is labeled in the suspen¬ sion with an additive, wherein the additive is a complex com- prising a binding site for binding specifically to the target cellular entity and a non binding component for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate. The method for determining counts of a target cellular entity and of an aggregate, respectively, using magnetic levitation comprises a step of magnetic levitation for analyzing the ag¬ gregate, a step of obtaining data, and a step of processing the data.
In the step of magnetic levitation the aggregate is analyzed by levitating the aggregate.
In the step of obtaining data, the data is obtained based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate, wherein the data is generated by the detectable property of the non bind¬ ing component .
In the step of processing the data, the data so obtained is processed to determine the count of the aggregate. From this, the count of the target cellular entity can be derived. The count of target cellular entity is proportional to the count of aggregate. In a preferable embodiment of the method, the additive has a plurality of binding sites. As a result of the plurality of binding sites, the additive binds to more than one target cellular entity and, since the target cellular entities also bind to more than one additive, a network of aggregates is produced. The aggregate has a density and in the network so produced, the density is increased. Thus, in the step of mag¬ netic levitation, the density so increased results in a variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregate. The data obtained, as a result of the variation in geometric property, is used in the step of processing to determine the count of aggregate and target cellular entity, respectively. In another preferable embodiment, the method further com¬ prises a step of cross-linking a plurality of the target cel¬ lular entities and/or the additives and/or the aggregates. Due to the cross-linking step a cross-linked network of ag- gregates is produced. The aggregate has a density and in the cross-linked network so produced, the density is increased. Thus, in the step of magnetic levitation, there is a varia¬ tion of geometric property of the levitated aggregate. The data obtained, as a result of the variation in geometric property, is used in the step of processing to determine the count of aggregate and target cellular entity, respectively.
In another preferable embodiment, the method further com¬ prises a step of aggregate entrapping in a fixed volume. The step of aggregate entrapping is before the step of magnetic levitation. The step of aggregate entrapping is for entrap¬ ping a variable number of aggregates in the fixed volume. The variable number so entrapped depends on variable initial con¬ centrations of the aggregates in the suspension used for en- trapping. Due to this variable number of aggregates en¬ trapped, the fixed volume has variable densities. Thus, in the step of magnetic levitation, the variable densities re¬ sults in a corresponding variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregates. The data obtained, as a result of the variation in geometric property, is used in the step of processing to determine the count of target cellular entity.
In another preferable embodiment of the method, the target cellular entity is a cell and/or a sub-cellular entity and/or a combination of a cell and a tag and/or a combination of a sub-cellular entity and a tag. Thus counts of cell and/or sub-cellular entities, either independent or with a tag, is determinable . In another preferable embodiment of the method, the binding site is in an antibody and/or a biochemical ligand. This pro¬ vides the advantage of specific binding of the additive to the target cellular entity. Moreover, the antibody and/or the biochemical ligand specific for binding to a target cellular entity can easily be raised with the help of known tech¬ niques . In another preferable embodiment of the method, the non bind¬ ing component is a nanoparticle . Nanoparticles have detect¬ able properties such as color. Moreover, the target cellular entity may have such low density that their magnetic levita- tion is impossible or futile. However as a result of the nanoparticles, which have higher densities, the aggregate can be subjected, practically and successfully, to magnetic levi- tation technique.
In another preferable embodiment of the method, the non bind- ing component is a gold nanoparticle. Gold has a unique color that generates the data based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate. Moreover, gold also has a high density. This high density results in detectable magnetic levitation readings and the color provides for simple visual read outs.
In another preferable embodiment of the method, the detect¬ able property of the non binding component is a color of the non binding component. The color helps in visual or machine based read-outs and thus generates the data that is obtained and subsequently processed.
In another preferable embodiment of the method, in the step of obtaining the data based on the geometric property of the levitated aggregate, the data is obtained by measuring a width of a layer of the levitated aggregate and/or a distance of the levitated aggregate from a fixed point. The data so obtained provides the input data for the step of processing.
In another preferable embodiment of the method, in the step of processing the data, the data obtained in the step of ob¬ taining the data is compared with a reference data set to de¬ termine the counts of the aggregate and the target cellular entity, respectively. The reference data set comprises indi- vidual data entries representing variable counts of the tar¬ get cellular entities. Thus by the step of processing, the counts of the aggregate and there from of the target cellular entities are determined.
By a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation, the method of the invention is implemented. The system comprises a magnetic levitation device, a means for obtaining a data, and a means for processing the data so obtained.
The magnetic levitation device is for analyzing an aggregate by levitating the aggregate. The aggregate comprises the tar¬ get cellular entities labeled with an additive. The additive is a complex comprising a binding site for binding specifically to the target cellular entity and a non binding compo¬ nent for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate.
The means for obtaining a data is adapted to obtain the data based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate. The data is generatable by the detectable property of the non binding component.
The means for processing the data is for determining the count of the target cellular entity.
The present invention is further described hereinafter with reference to illustrated embodiments shown in the accompany¬ ing drawings, in which:
FIG 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of a method for
determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation according to a first embodiment herein.
FIG 2 illustrates a schematic drawing of a second em¬ bodiment of the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation wherein the additives have a plurality of the binding site.
FIG 3 illustrates a schematic drawing of a third em¬ bodiment of the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing the step of cross- linking . FIG 4 illustrates a schematic drawing of a fourth em¬ bodiment of the method for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing the step of aggre¬ gate entrapping.
Fig 5 illustrates a schematic drawing of a preferable
embodiment of a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation.
Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention is described in details. Various embodiments are de¬ scribed with reference to the drawings, wherein like refer¬ ence numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident that such embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of a method for de¬ termining counts of a target cellular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation according to a first embodiment herein. The method comprises a step 100 of labeling the target cellular entity 10 with an additive 20 to produce an aggregate 30, a step 200 of magnetic levitation, a step 300 of obtaining a data 80 based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30, and a step 400 of processing the data 80 so obtained. The step 100 of labeling and aggregate pro¬ duction does not necessarily have to be a part of the inven¬ tive method. Rather, it can be assumed that this step has taken place before the inventive method is performed, i.e. the step 100 of labeling can be part of a preparation proce¬ dure .
However, the step 100 is for producing the aggregate 30 by labeling the target cellular entity 10 with an additive 20. The additive 20 is a complex comprising a binding site 21 for binding specifically to the target cellular entity 10 and a non binding component 22 for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate 30. The target cellular entity 10 is, but not limited to, a cell (for example CD4+ T cell) , a sub-cellular entity (for example a protein, a lipid, a lipoprotein, nucleic acid) , a combina¬ tion of a cell and a tag (for example a CD4+ T cell combined with a CD4+ specific antibody) , or a combination of a sub- cellular entity and a tag (for example a lipoprotein molecule combined with a peptide molecule specific for the lipopro¬ tein) , or a combination thereof. The cell can be, but not limited to, a natural cell, a modified cell or a diseased cell. The sub-cellular entity is any entity found in a cell. The sub-cellular entity can be in its natural form or in a modified form.
A tag which is combined with the cell can be the same or dif¬ ferent as a tag combined with a sub-cellular entity. The tag can be, but not limited to, a specific antibody or a biologi¬ cal marker.
The binding site 21 is in, but not limited to, an antibody and/or a biochemical ligand. The binding site 21 is specific for binding to the target cell 10. The antibody containing the binding site 21 may be, but not limited to, a monoclonal or a polyclonal antibody or a combination thereof. The ligand is, but not limited to, a complementary oligonucleotide. The non binding component 22 is a nanoparticle . The nanopar- ticle may be, but not limited to, any metallic nanoparticle. The nanoparticle 22 is of any size and shape. Suitably, the non binding component 22 is a gold nanoparticle. The detect¬ able property of the gold nanoparticle 22 is its color that generates the data 80 based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30. Moreover, gold nanoparticle 22 also has a high density compared to the density of the target cell 10. Thus, if the target cell 10 has such a low density that the magnetic levitation is impossible or futile, as a result of the nanoparticles 22, the aggregate 30 can be practically and successfully subjected to magnetic levitation technique. The target cells 10 are in a known volume of the suspension. The target cells 10 can be, but not limited to, in a mixture with other entities of cellular or non-cellular nature, or in a purified state, or in a partially purified state. As is known, the target cells 10 have a plurality of attachment sites 11 such as, but not limited to, antigens, and when the additive 20 is added to a reaction tube (not shown in the figure) containing the suspension of the target cell 10, the binding site 21 of the additive 20 binds to the attachment site 11 of the target cell 10. This binding may be realized, but not limited to, by formation of a covalent bond, an ionic bond, or a hydrogen bond, such that the aggregates 30 are produced in the suspension.
In the step 200, the aggregates 30 are analyzed. The aggre- gates 30 are subjected to magnetic levitation. The aggregates 30 in the suspension are loaded in to a device 40 adapted to carry out magnetic levitation. The magnetic levitation is performed. As a result from the magnetic levitation process the aggregates 30 form a layer 35 in the device 40.
In the step 300, the data 80 is obtained based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30, wherein the data 80 is generated by the detectable property of the gold nanopar- ticle 22. The detectable property, e.g. the color of the gold nanoparticle 22, is used to obtain the data 80 from the layer 35 in a levitation tube 42. The data 80 is based on the geometric property of the levi¬ tated aggregate 30. The geometric property is, but not lim¬ ited to, a width y of the layer 35. The data 80 is obtained by measuring the width y of the layer 35 of the levitated ag¬ gregate 30.
In the step 400, the data 80 so obtained is processed. The data 80, representing the width y of the layer 35, is compared with a reference data set 90 to determine the counts of the target cell 10. The reference data set 90 comprises indi- vidual data entries 91. The individual data entries 91 are set of concentrations of the target cell 10 for different widths y obtained, e.g. during a calibration measurement. The set of concentrations represent variable counts of the target cell 10 in a known volume of the suspension of the target cells 10. Thus, by comparing the data 80 and the width y of the layer 35, respectively, with the reference data set 90 the count of the target cells 10 in the suspension is deter¬ mined . Figure 2 illustrates a schematic drawing of a second embodi¬ ment of the method for determining counts of the target cel¬ lular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation wherein the additives 20 have a plurality of the binding site 21. In the second embodiment, in the step 100, the additives 20 used have the plurality of binding sites 21.
The plurality of binding sites 21 is contained, but not lim¬ ited to, in a polymeric antibody. The polymeric antibody with the plurality of biding sites 21 binds to more than one tar- get cell 10 simultaneously. Since the target cell has more than one attachment site 11, it also binds more than one ad¬ ditive 20 simultaneously. Thus, a network 31 of aggregates is formed . The aggregate 30, when not in the network form, has a certain density and in the network 31 so produced the overall density of the network 31 is increased. Thus, in the step 200, the density so increased results in a variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30. In the second embodi¬ ment, the layer 35 is formed at a position different from a usual position where it ought to have formed (in absence of network formation) in the levitation tube 42. The distance x of the position of the layer 35 in the levitation tube 42 is measured from a fixed point 44 and the data 80 is obtained in the step 300. The data 80 due to the altered distance x is compared with the reference data set 90 which in the second embodiment contains individual data entries 91 representing different distances from the fixed point 44, i.e. respective distances xl to x5, and the corresponding concentrations. The concentrations again represent the counts. Thus by using the data 80 and the reference data set 90, the counts of the tar¬ get cell 10 are determined in the step 400.
Figure 3 illustrates a schematic drawing of a third embodi¬ ment of the method for determining counts of the target cel¬ lular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing a step 500 of cross-linking. In the step 500 a plu- rality of the target cells 10 and/or the additives 20 and/or the aggregates 30 are cross-linked to produce a cross-linked network 32. The target cells 10 are cross linked by using a linker 23 that is, but not limited to, an oligopeptide. The aggregate 30, when not in the cross-linked network 32 form, has a certain density and in the cross-linked network 32 so produced the overall density of the network 31 is in¬ creased. The increase in density has the same effect in sub¬ sequent steps as is in the case of network 31 of aggregates 30 in the second embodiment. Thus, after performing the step 200, followed by the step 300 and finally the step 400, the counts of the target cell 10 are determined in the step 400 based on the determination of the distance x from the layer 35 in the levitation tube 42.
Figure 4 illustrates a schematic drawing of a fourth embodi- ment of the method for determining counts of the target cel¬ lular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation showing a step 600 of aggregate entrapping.
In the step 600, a variable number of aggregates 30 is en- trapped in the fixed volume. As known the entrapping can be realized, but not limited to, by latex agglutination or by agarose gel. A suitable entrapping container is a polymer bead 50 of fixed volume. The variable number so entrapped de¬ pends on variable initial concentrations of the aggregates 30 in the suspension used for entrapping. Due to this variable number of aggregates 30 entrapped, the polymer bead has vari¬ able densities. Thus, in the step 200, the variable densities results in a corresponding variation of geometric property of the levitated aggregates 30. The variation shows up in the distance x of the layer 35 when measured from the fixed point 44, i.e. in the layer's position. The data 80 obtained, as a result of the variation in the distance x, is used in the step 400 of processing to determine the count of the target cell 10 by comparing it to the reference data set 90 which in this embodiment contains individual data entries 91 repre¬ senting different distances x from the fixed point 44 and the corresponding concentrations. The step 600 of aggregate en¬ trapping is in between the step 100 of labeling and the step 200 of magnetic levitation.
In the figures 1 to 4, the measurements of width y of the layer 35 or the distance x of the layer 35 relative to the fixed point 44 is made along an axis parallel to the levita¬ tion axis 45.
Figure 5 illustrates a schematic drawing of a preferable em¬ bodiment of a system for determining counts of the target cellular entity 10 in a suspension using magnetic levitation, according to a method as described in figures 1 to 4.
The system for determining counts of the aggregate 30 in a suspension using magnetic levitation comprises the magnetic levitation device 40, a means 60 for obtaining data and a means 70 for processing the data so obtained.
The magnetic levitation device 40 is for analyzing the aggre- gate 30 by levitating the aggregate 30. The device 40 is adapted to carry out magnetic levitation. The device 40 com¬ prises a magnet 41, the levitation tube 42 and a magnetic fluid 43. Application of a magnetic field in the levitation tube 42 by the magnet 41 results in levitation of the aggre- gate 30 in the magnetic fluid 43 within the levitation tube 42 and the aggregate 30 suspends itself at a position in the tube depending on the density of the aggregate and forms a band within the tube 42. More dense samples form bands at lower levels in the tube compared to less dense samples when measured from the base of the tube 42. Alternatively, the widths of the bands also differ depending on the counts of the aggregate 30 in the suspension.
The means 60 is for obtaining the data 80 based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate 30. The data 80 is gener- atable by the detectable property of the non binding compo¬ nent 22. The means 60 is, but not limited to, a camera or a combination of a LED lamp and an image sensor. The camera 60 obtains the data 80 based on the measurements of width y of the layer 35 or distance x of the layer 35 from the fixed point 44 in the levitation tube 42. The data 80 is then di¬ rected to the means 70 for processing the data 80 and deter¬ mining the count of the target cell 10. The means 70 is adapted to process the data 80 for determin¬ ing the count of the target cell 10. The means 70 is, but not limited to, a programmable computer specially programmed to process the data 80. The computer 70 compares the data 80 with the reference data set 90 and determines the count of the target cell 10.
While this invention has been described in detail with refer- ence to certain preferred embodiments, it should be appreci¬ ated that the present invention is not limited to those pre¬ cise embodiments. Rather, in view of the present disclosure which describes the current best mode for practicing the in¬ vention, many modifications and variations would present themselves, to those of skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the following claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes, modifications, and variations coming within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be considered within their scope.

Claims

Patent claims
1. A method for determining counts of an aggregate (30) in a suspension using magnetic levitation, wherein the aggre- gate (30) comprises a target cellular entity (10) labeled with an additive (20), wherein the additive (20) is a com¬ plex comprising a binding site (21) for binding specifically to the target cellular entity (10) and a non binding component (22) for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate (30), the method comprising:
- a step (200) of magnetic levitation for analyzing the aggregate (30) by levitating the aggregate (30); - a step (300) of obtaining a data (80) based on geometric property of the levitated aggregate (30), wherein the data (80) is generated by the detectable property of the non binding component (22); and - a step (400) of processing the data (80) to determine the count of the aggregate (30) .
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the additive (20) has a plurality of the binding sites (21) .
3. A method according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the
method further comprises a step (500) of cross-linking a plurality of the target cellular entities (10) and/or the additives (20) and/or the aggregates (30).
4. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the method further comprises a step (600) of aggregate en¬ trapping in a fixed volume which is suitable for entrap¬ ping a variable number of aggregates (30) in the fixed volume, wherein the step (600) of aggregate entrapping is before the step (200) of magnetic levitation, the variable number depending on variable initial concentrations of the aggregates (30) in the suspension used for entrapping.
5. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the target cellular entity (10) is a cell and/or a subcel¬ lular entity and/or a combination of a cell and a tag and/or a combination of a subcellular entity and a tag.
6. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the binding site (21) is in an antibody and/or a biochemical ligand.
7. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the non binding component (22) is a nanoparticle .
8. A method according to the claim 7, wherein the non bind- ing component (22) is a gold nanoparticle.
9. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 8, wherein the detectable property of the non binding component (22) is a color of the non binding component (22) .
10. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step (300) of obtaining the data (80) based on the geometric property of the levitated aggregate (30), the data (80) is obtained by measuring a width (y) of a layer (35) of the levitated aggregate (30) and/or a distance (x) of the levitated aggregate (30) from a fixed point (44) .
11. A method according to the claim 10, wherein in the step (400) of processing the data, the data (80) obtained in the step (300) of obtaining the data is compared with a reference data set (90) to determine the counts of the target cellular entity (10), the reference data set (90) comprises individual data entries (91) representing vari¬ able counts of the target cellular entities (10) .
12. A method according to any of the claim 1 to 11, wherein the method further comprises a step (100) of labeling the target cellular entity (10) with the additive (20) to pro duce the aggregate (30) in the suspension. A system for determining counts of an aggregate (30) in a suspension using magnetic levitation, the system comprising : a magnetic levitation device (40) for analyzing an aggregate (30) by levitating the aggregate (30), wherein the aggregate (30) comprises target cellular entities (10) labeled with an additive (20) and the additive (20) is a complex comprising a binding site (21) for binding specifically to the target cellular entity (10) and a non binding component (22) for attributing a detectable property to the aggregate (30); a means (60) for obtaining a data (80) based on geomet¬ ric property of the levitated aggregate (30), wherein the data (80) is generatable by the detectable property of the non binding component (22); and a means (70) for processing the data (80) for determining the count of the aggregate (30) .
PCT/EP2012/067647 2011-09-12 2012-09-10 A method and a system for determining counts of a target cellular entity in a suspension using magnetic levitation WO2013037732A1 (en)

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