WO2013034879A1 - Procédé et appareil permettant de commuter des réseaux électro-optiques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant de commuter des réseaux électro-optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013034879A1
WO2013034879A1 PCT/GB2012/000729 GB2012000729W WO2013034879A1 WO 2013034879 A1 WO2013034879 A1 WO 2013034879A1 GB 2012000729 W GB2012000729 W GB 2012000729W WO 2013034879 A1 WO2013034879 A1 WO 2013034879A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
array
voltage
electrode
bank
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PCT/GB2012/000729
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English (en)
Inventor
Milan Momcilo Popovich
Jonathan David Waldern
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Milan Momcilo Popovich
Jonathan David Waldern
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Application filed by Milan Momcilo Popovich, Jonathan David Waldern filed Critical Milan Momcilo Popovich
Publication of WO2013034879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013034879A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1828—Diffraction gratings having means for producing variable diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G02F1/13342—Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electro-optic devices and more particularly to a method and apparatus for switching n Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal array device.
  • SBG electrically Switchable Bragg Gratings
  • HPDLC holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • SBG devices are fabricated by first placing a thin film of a mixture of photopolymerisable monomers and liquid crystal material between parallel glass plates. One or both glass plates support electrodes, typically transparent indium tin oxide films, for applying an electric field across the HPDLC layer. A Bragg grating is then recorded by illuminating the liquid material with two mutually coherent laser beams, which interfere to form the desired grating structure.
  • the monomers polymerize and the HPDLC mixture undergoes a phase separation, creating regions densely populated by liquid crystal micro-droplets, interspersed with regions of clear polymer.
  • the alternating liquid crystal-rich and liquid crystal-depleted regions form the fringe planes of the grating.
  • the resulting Bragg grating can exhibit very high diffraction efficiency, which may be controlled by the magnitude of the electric field applied across the HPDLC layer. In the absence of an applied electric field the SBG remains in its diffracting state.
  • an electric field is applied to the hologram via the electrodes, the natural orientation of the LC droplets is changed thus reducing the refractive index modulation of the fringes and causing the hologram diffraction efficiency to drop to very low levels.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the device can be adjusted, by means of the applied voltage, over a continuous range from essentially zero to near 100%.
  • U. S. Patent 5,942,157 by Sutherland et al. and U. S Patent 5,751,452 by Tanaka et al. describe monomer and liquid crystal material combinations suitable for fabricating SBG devices.
  • HPDLC devices may be used to provide other types of electrically controllable gratings such as subwavelength gratings.
  • SBG device comprising high resolution one dimensional arrays of column-shaped SBG elements are disclosed in US Provisional Patent ApplicationNo.61/457,835 by the present inventors with filing date 16 June 2011 entitled HOLOGRAPHIC BEAM STEERING DEVICE FOR AUTOSTEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS and United States Provisional Patent Application No.: 61 627,200 with filing date 7 October 201 1 by the present inventors entitled CONTACT IMAGE SENSORS.
  • Each SBG element in such devices is required to be selectively switchable by the voltage driver electronics.
  • the switching circuitry can become complex and expensive to manufacture and tends to have high power consumption.
  • the complexity of the electronics can be problem in portable device applications where the space available for implement electronic components and circuitry is at a premium.
  • the first voltage generator applies the first voltage waveform to the column electrodes J and the second voltage generator applies the second voltage waveform to the bank electrode L.
  • the portion of the HPDLC layer between the bank electrode L and the column electrode J overlapping the bank L is switched to a first diffracting state while the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a second diffracting state.
  • the first voltage generator applies the first voltage waveform to the column electrodes J and the second voltage generator applies the second voltage waveform to the bank electrode L.
  • the portion of the HPDLC layer between the bank electrode L and the column electrode J overlapping the bank electrode L is switched to a first diffracting state while the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a second diffracting state.
  • the first voltage waveform and the second voltage waveform are in anti-phase.
  • the first diffracting state is characterised by a high diffraction efficiency and the second diffraction state is characterised by a low diffraction efficiency.
  • the HPDLC operates in reverse mode.
  • the first voltage generator comprises an odd column voltage generator and an even column electrode voltage generator.
  • the odd and even column voltage generators are connected via the first multiplicity of parallel electrical control lines to interdigitated odd and even column electrodes of the first array.
  • the first diffracting state is characterised by a low diffraction efficiency and the second diffraction state is characterised by a high diffraction efficiency.
  • the electrodes are transparent.
  • the bank and column electrodes are applied to opposing faces of transparent substrates sandwiching the HPDLC layer.
  • a method of switching a HPDLC array device including the steps of:
  • an electrically switchable optical device comprising : a first array of electrodes; a second array of electrodes, each electrode of the second array overlapping a multiplicity of electrodes of the first array; a HPDLC layer sandwiched by the first and second arrays; a second voltage generator means having a multiplicity of output channels, each output channel coupled one electrode of the second array of electrodes ; and a first voltage generator means having a multiplicity of output channels, each channel being coupled to a multiplicity of electrodes of the first array.
  • Each of the multiplicity of first array electrodes underlying a unique second array electrode.
  • the first voltage generator applies a first voltage waveform to the first multiplicity of electrodes of the first array and the second voltage generator applies the second voltage waveform to a selected electrode of the second array.
  • the portion of the HPDLC layer between the selected electrode of the second array and one of the multiplicity of electrodes of the first array overlaps the selected electrode of the second array is switched to a first diffracting state.
  • the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a second diffracting state.
  • the first voltage waveform and the second voltage waveform are in anti-phase.
  • the first diffracting state is characterised by a high diffraction efficiency and the second diffraction state is characterised by a low diffraction efficiency.
  • the HPDLC operates in reverse mode.
  • the first and second arrays are linear arrays.
  • the first and second arrays are two dimensional arrays.
  • the electrodes are transparent.
  • the electrodes are applied to opposing faces of transparent substrates the substrates sandwiching the HPDLC layer.
  • At least one of the first voltage waveform or the second voltage waveform is a random waveform.
  • At the electrodes in at least one of the first and second arrays are randomly distributed.
  • At the electrodes in at least one of the first and second arrays have more than one geometry.
  • F1G.1 is a schematic side elevation view of a HPDLC device.
  • FIG.2 is a schematic side elevation view of a HPDLC device including the drive electronics in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.3 A is a chart showing a first voltage waveform used in the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.3B is a chart showing a second voltage waveform used in the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.4 is a schematic side elevation view of a HPDLC device including the drive electronics in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.5A is a schematic side elevation view of a first operational state of the HPDLC device in the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.5B is a schematic side elevation view of a second operational state of the HPDLC device in the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.5C is a schematic side elevation view of a third operational state of the HPDLC device in the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of switching a HPDLC device based on the embodiment of FIG.4.
  • FIG.7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of switching a HPDLC device based oh the embodiment of FIG.2.
  • FIG.8 is a schematic front elevation view of a two dimensional bank electrode array in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.9 is a schematic front elevation view of a region of a pixel electrode array underlying a bank electrode in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG.10 is a schematic illustration of a switching architecture for a two dimensional electrode array.
  • FIG.1 1 is a schematic illustration of a switching architecture for a two dimensional electrode array.
  • on-axis in relation to a ray or a beam direction refers to propagation parallel to an axis normal to the surfaces of the optical components described in relation to the invention.
  • light, ray, beam and direction may be used interchangeably and in association with each other to indicate the direction of propagation of light energy along rectilinear trajectories.
  • an electrically switchable optical device comprises: a first array of column electrodes 1; a second array of M column electrodes 3, each element of the second array overlapping N elements of the first array and a HPDLC layer 2 sandwiched by the first and second arrays.
  • the bank and column electrodes are applied to opposing faces of transparent substrates 2A,2B sandwiching the HPDLC layer.
  • the substrates are fabricated from an optical glass.
  • the electrodes are transparent. And typically would be fabricated from Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).
  • the HPDLC device disclosed in the present application may fabricated using plastic substrates and conductive polymer electrode materials disclosed in United States Provisional Patent Application No. 1/573 ,066 with filing date 24 August 201 1 entitled HOLOGRAPHIC POLYMER DISPERSED LIQUID MATERIALS AND DEVICES which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the second voltage generator selects each bank electrode in turn.
  • a first multiplicity of parallel electrical control lines linking output channel J (indicated by 40J)of the first voltage generator means to electrode J of each group of N column electrodes overlapped by the bank electrodes for J l ,N.
  • the output 40 J is connect via the control line 41 to the elements 42J,43J,44J,45J etc.
  • a second multiplicity of parallel electrical control lines linking output channel L of the second voltage generator means to bank electrode L of the second array for L 1,M.
  • the first voltage generator applies the first voltage waveform to the column electrodes J and the second voltage generator applies the second voltage waveform to the selected bank electrode L.
  • the portion of the HPDLC layer between the selected bank electrode L and the column electrode J overlapping the bank L is switched to a first diffracting state while the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a second diffracting state.
  • the first voltage generator applies the first voltage waveform to the column electrodes J and the second voltage generator applies the second voltage waveform to the bank electrode L.
  • the portion of the HPDLC layer between the bank electrode L and the column electrode J overlapping the bank electrode L as indicated by 21 is switched to a first diffracting state while the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a second diffracting state.
  • the first voltage waveform and the second voltage waveform are in anti-phase as indicted by FIG.3 in which FIG.3A is a chart showing the variation of voltage with time corresponding to the first voltage waveform. And FIG.3B shows the second voltage waveform
  • the first diffracting state is characterised by a high diffraction efficiency
  • the second diffraction state is characterised by a low diffraction efficiency.
  • the inventors have developed HPDLC material systems for SBGs that provide high diffraction efficiencies well in excess of 92% and low diffraction efficiencies well below 0.5%. Such an embodiment of the invention that the HPDLC material operates in reverse mode.
  • a reverse mode HPDLC for use in the present invention may fabricated using the HPDLC material system and processes disclosed in a United States Provisional Patent Application No.61/573,066 with filing date 24 August 201 1 entitled HOLOGRAPHIC POLYMER DISPERSED LIQUID MATERIALS AND DEVICES which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the first diffracting state is characterised by a low diffraction efficiency and the second diffraction state is characterised by a high diffraction efficiency.
  • the HPDLC layer provides a Switchable Bragg Grating. In one embodiment of the invention the HPDLC provides a sub wavelength grating.
  • the first voltage generator comprises an odd column voltage generator 4 and an even column electrode voltage generator 5.
  • the odd and even column voltage generators are connected via the first multiplicity of parallel electrical control lines to interdigitated odd and even column electrodes of the first column electrode array 1
  • a first multiplicity of parallel electrical control lines linking output channel J (odd), as indicated by 40J, of the first voltage generator means 4 to odd electrode J of each group of N column electrodes overlapped by the bank electrodes for J 1,N.
  • the output 40J is connect via the control line 41 to the elements 42J,43J,44J,45J etc.
  • a second multiplicity of parallel electrical control lines linking output channel J (even) (indicated by 50J)of the first voltage generator means 555 to even electrode J of each group of N column electrodes overlapped by the bank electrodes for J 1,N.
  • the output 50J is connect via the control line 51 to the elements 52J,53J,54J,55J etc.
  • FIG.5 is a schematic side elevation view of the HPLDC device showing three switching states.
  • Each group contains 200 column electrode elements.
  • the bank electrodes are labelled BAN 1, BANK2, BANK3 etc.
  • the HPDLC layer region indicated by 21 is switched into a diffracting state.
  • the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a non-diffracting state.
  • FIG.5B shows a second state of the HPDLC device in which the second band electrode BANK2 is addressed and the HPDLC region between the column electrode COL201 is switched into its diffracting state.
  • FIG.5C shows a third state of the HPDLC device in which the third bank electrode BANK3 is addressed and the HPDLC region between the column electrode COL401 is switched into its diffracting state.
  • FIG.5. A method of switching a HPDLC array device in accordance with the basic principles of the invention is shown in FIG.5. The method is based on the embodiment of FIG.4. Referring to the flow diagram 100, we see that the said method comprises the following steps. .
  • step 101 provide arrays of column and bank electrodes sandwiching a HPDLC layer, each of M bank electrodes overlapping N column electrodes.
  • step 102 provide odd and even voltage drivers coupled to odd and even column electrodes respectively.
  • step 107 apply a voltage to the bank electrode L with waveform in anti-phase to the waveform of the voltage applied to the column electrodes.
  • step 108 the portion of the HPDLC layer between column (L-1)*N+J and bank L switches to a first diffracting state; all other HPDLC regions remaining in a second diffracting state.
  • step 1 10 if J less than or equal to N go to step "e".
  • step 1 12 if L less than or equal to M go to step "e", else go to step "c".
  • An alternative method of switching a HPDLC array device in accordance with the basic principles of the invention is shown in FIG.6. This method is based on the embodiment of FIG.2. Referring to the flow diagram 100, we see that the said method comprises the following steps.
  • step 201 provide arrays of column and bank electrodes sandwiching a HPDLC layer, each of M bank electrodes overlapping N column electrodes.
  • step 202 provide a voltage driver coupled to the column electrodes.
  • step 206 apply a voltage to the bank electrode L with waveform in anti-phase to the waveform of the voltage applied to the column electrodes.
  • step 207 the portion of the HPDLC layer between column (L-1)*N+J and bank L switches to a first diffracting state; all other HPDLC regions remaining in a second diffracting state.
  • step 209 if J less than or equal to N go to step "e".
  • step 21 1 if L less than or equal to M go to step "e", else go to step "c".
  • the above embodiments of the invention address the problems of switching linear arrays of column shaped elements.
  • the invention may be applied more generally, providing an electrically switchable optical device comprising: a first array of electrodes; a second array of electrodes, each electrode of the second array overlapping a multiplicity of electrodes of the first array; a HPDLC layer sandwiched by the first and second arrays; a second voltage generator means having a multiplicity of output channels, each output channel coupled one electrode of the second array of electrodes ; and a first voltage generator means having a multiplicity of output channels, each channel being coupled to a multiplicity of electrodes of the first array.
  • Each of the multiplicity of first array electrodes underlying a unique second array electrode.
  • the first voltage generator applies a first voltage waveform to the first multiplicity of electrodes of the first array and the second voltage generator applies the second voltage waveform to a selected electrode of the second array.
  • the portion of the HPDLC layer between the selected electrode of the second array and one of the multiplicity of electrodes of the first array overlaps the selected electrode of the second array is switched to a first diffracting state.
  • the remainder of the HPDLC layer remains in a second diffracting state.
  • Such an embodiment of the invention may be applied in laser despecklers.
  • At least one of the first or second voltage waveforms may be a random waveform, ie a waveform characterised by at least one of a random amplitude or phase.
  • a random waveform ie a waveform characterised by at least one of a random amplitude or phase.
  • Such an embodiment of the invention is also relevant to the despecklers
  • the devices disclosed in ther present application are fundamentally transparent and can be configured in stacks.
  • At the electrodes in at least one of the first and second arrays are randomly distributed.
  • All the electrodes shown in the drawings are identical and rectangular in shape the invention places no restriction on the geometry of the electrodes.
  • at the electrodes in at least one of the first and second arrays have more than one geometry.
  • the basic principle is similar to that used in the above described embodiments but the column electrode groups overlaid by columns of bank electrodes (sandwiching the HPDLC layer) are replaced by two dimensional arrays of electrodes overlaid by bank electrodes that themselves are elements of a lower resolution two dimensional array.
  • the basic principles of this embodiment are illustrated in FIGS.8-11.
  • FIG.8 is a schematic plan view of the two dimensional bank electrode array 71 containing electrodes such as the one indicated by 74.
  • the electrode 74 overlay a two dimensional pixel array 84 illustrated in FIG.9 containing electrode elements such as 85.
  • voltage is supplied to the bank electrode by a bank X-Y drive 70 providing the parallel voltage outputs 72 each voltage output address a unique bank electrode via links such as 73 which addresses the bank electrode 74.
  • the switching of the pixel array is carried out using the architecture schematically illustrated in FIG.l 1 which comprises a pixel X-Y driver 80 coupled to the pixel array indicated by 81.
  • the pixel array is partitioned into subs groups such as 84 (overlapping bank electrode 74).
  • the voltage generator provides parallel outputs such as 82 which simultaneously address, via links such as 83, predefined pixel X,Y coordinates common to each of the two dimensional electrode arrays.
  • regions of the HPDLC layer sandwiched by one of the addressed X,Y pixel electrodes and the simultaneously addressed bank electrodes are switched to a diffracting state while all other regions of the HPDLC layer remain in a non diffracting state.
  • the basic invention is not restricted to any particular application and may be used to provide s vitchable grating devices in any of switchable grating devices disclosed in the following filings:
  • the invention may be used to provide a method of switching other types of electro- optical devices in which the HPDLC layer of the present invention is replaced by another electro-optical material.
  • the invention may be applied in the fields of displays, sensors and telecommunications.

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un dispositif optique électriquement commutable qui comprend : un premier réseau d'électrodes en colonne ; un second réseau de M électrodes en colonne, chaque élément du second réseau chevauchant N éléments du premier réseau ; une couche HPDLC qui est prise en sandwich par les premier et second réseaux ; un premier moyen de générateur de tension qui est doté de canaux de sortie J=1,N qui sont caractérisés par une première forme d'onde de tension ; un second moyen de générateur de tension qui est doté de canaux de sortie L=1,M qui sont caractérisés par une seconde forme d'onde de tension ; une première multiplicité de lignes de commande électriques parallèles qui relient le canal de sortie J du premier moyen de générateur de tension à l'électrode J de chaque groupe de N électrodes en colonne chevauché par les électrodes en rang pour J=1,N ; et une seconde multiplicité de lignes de commande électriques parallèles qui relient le canal de sortie L du second moyen de générateur de tension à l'électrode en rang L du second réseau pour L=1,M.
PCT/GB2012/000729 2011-09-07 2012-09-06 Procédé et appareil permettant de commuter des réseaux électro-optiques WO2013034879A1 (fr)

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