WO2013032214A1 - Circuit d'égalisation de tensions - Google Patents

Circuit d'égalisation de tensions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013032214A1
WO2013032214A1 PCT/KR2012/006880 KR2012006880W WO2013032214A1 WO 2013032214 A1 WO2013032214 A1 WO 2013032214A1 KR 2012006880 W KR2012006880 W KR 2012006880W WO 2013032214 A1 WO2013032214 A1 WO 2013032214A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
energy storage
electrical energy
equalization
voltage equalization
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PCT/KR2012/006880
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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김성민
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킴스테크날리지 주식회사
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Publication of WO2013032214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013032214A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage equalization circuit of an electrical energy storage device, and more particularly, to a simple and inexpensive voltage for performing voltage equalization between electrical energy storage cells in an electrical energy storage device including a plurality of electrical energy storage cells connected in series. It relates to an equalization circuit.
  • electric energy storage cells such as secondary batteries and capacitors have a rated voltage of only a few volts, but most applications require voltages of tens to hundreds of volts. do.
  • an electrical energy storage cell such as a battery or a capacitor
  • charging and discharging must be performed within an allowable operating voltage range.
  • the electrical energy storage cell operates in an area outside the permitted operating voltage range, for example, when the battery is operated in an under-voltage or over-voltage state, the life of the electrical energy storage cell is abruptly increased. It may be shortened or an accident such as an explosion or fire may occur.
  • the electrical energy storage cells connected in series must have the same characteristics. That is, the make, model, capacity, leakage current, etc. must be the same, even the same manufacturing date and the same lot number are required. Based on this, electric energy storage cells having the same characteristics must maintain the same characteristics and maintain the same state of charge during operation in series connection.
  • the electrical energy storage cell is unavoidable to some extent, such as manufacturing capacity deviation, and may vary depending on environmental factors such as temperature in addition to the characteristic deviation.
  • the electric energy storage device in which the electric energy storage cells are connected in series may have a temperature deviation or an aging deviation between the electric energy storage cells depending on the position of the electric energy storage cell. As the characteristic deviation increases with this increase, it is very difficult to continuously maintain the voltage equalization between the electric energy storage cells only by the electric energy storage cells themselves.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization method using a zener diode according to the related art.
  • the zener diodes ZD1, ZD2, ZD3, and ZD4 are connected to each of the electrical energy storage cells C1, C2, C3, and C4 in parallel to a specific electrical energy.
  • the corresponding electrical energy storage cell is discharged through the zener diode to prevent overvoltage, which is one of the greatest risk factors of the electrical energy storage cell.
  • a Zener diode a switch connected in series with the shunt resistor and the shunt resistor is used to turn the switch ON when the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell rises above the set voltage. Discharge methods are also used. However, these methods have little effect on voltage equalization and are effective in preventing overvoltage, one of the basic goals of voltage equalization.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a passive voltage equalization method according to the related art.
  • one of the methods commonly used for voltage equalization may include applying the same resistance value to each of the electrical energy storage cells C1, C2, C3, and C3 connected in series.
  • a circuit structure in which a passive resistor having a parallel connection is connected is used.
  • the passive voltage equalization method using this circuit structure is a passive resistor (R) connected in parallel to each of the electrical energy storage cells C1, C2, C3, and C4, so that a discharge current flows in proportion to the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell.
  • the high electrical energy storage cell has a relatively large discharge current through the passive resistance, and the electrical energy storage cell with a relatively low voltage has a relatively small current through the passive resistance, resulting in voltage equalization between the electrical energy storage cells.
  • the passive voltage equalization method is simple, reliable, and very inexpensive, but has a disadvantage in that the voltage equalization rate is very slow and the leakage current flowing into the passive resistor is large. That is, the passive voltage equalization method is more effective in voltage equalization as the resistance value of the passive resistor is smaller, but has a great disadvantage of increasing the leakage current since the discharge current flowing through the passive resistor is increased.
  • the voltage equalization is performed by the current difference flowing through the passive resistor, and thus, when the leakage current of a specific electrical energy storage cell increases in series, the accuracy of voltage equalization between the electrical energy storage cells is deteriorated.
  • the conventional passive voltage equalization method is simple and inexpensive, but the voltage equalization speed is slow and the voltage equalization effect is limited.
  • the conventional passive voltage equalization method has a limited use due to characteristics such as increased leakage current, increased self discharge, and complete discharge.
  • 3 is another voltage equalization circuit according to the prior art.
  • another voltage equalization circuit includes shunt resistors DR1, DR2, DR3, and DR4 connected in parallel to electrical energy storage cells C1, C2, C3, and C4 connected in series.
  • Switches S1, S2, S3, and S4 connected in series to the resistors DR1, DR2, DR3, and DR4, distribution resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 for generating the average voltage, and the average voltage detector VD1-1. , VD2-1, VD3-1, VD4-1), voltage detectors (VD1-2, VD2-2, VD3-2, VD4-2) of electrical energy storage cells, and the voltage and average voltage of each electrical energy storage cell. Comparing units COMP1, COMP2, COMP3, and COMP4 that control the switches S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively.
  • the discharge operation voltage for discharging the electric energy storage cell is fixed. Therefore, in most cases, the discharge operation voltage is set to a voltage slightly lower than the rated voltage or the rated voltage of the electrical energy storage cell.
  • the voltage equalization circuit mentioned in FIG. 1 has poor voltage equalization accuracy, which is a voltage deviation between the electrical energy storage cells.
  • the voltage equalization circuit shown in FIG. 3 performs voltage equalization using the average voltage of the electrical energy storage cell, the voltage equalization precision is superior to that of the voltage equalization circuit of FIG.
  • the voltage equalization method using the voltage equalization circuit shown in FIG. 3 is a method of maintaining the voltage equalization by discharging through a shunt resistor when the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell exceeds the average voltage.
  • a shunt resistor When the voltage of a specific electrical energy storage cell is higher than the average voltage, such as when the voltage is high due to a small leakage current or the state of charge is high, discharge through a shunt resistor can effectively maintain the voltage equalization, but the specific electrical energy storage cell has a leakage current.
  • the voltage equalization operation becomes difficult because the voltage equalization means is discharged through the shunt resistor.
  • voltage equalization Another method of voltage equalization is voltage equalization, in which electrical energy is transferred from a high voltage electrical energy storage cell to a low voltage electrical energy storage cell so that the energy loss in the voltage equalization process is very small.
  • a specific electrical energy storage cell needs to be charged or discharged. Discharging the electrical energy storage cell can be done by connecting a resistor in parallel to the electrical energy storage cell and connecting a switch in series to the resistor. Charging only certain electrical energy storage cells among the energy storage cells is quite complex and incurs additional costs.
  • the passive voltage equalization method is simple and inexpensive, but the voltage equalization speed is slow and the voltage equalization accuracy is poor.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve voltage equalization accuracy and voltage equalization speed, and to provide a simple and inexpensive voltage equalization circuit.
  • the voltage equalization circuit in an electric energy storage device composed of a series string in which electrical energy storage cells such as secondary batteries and capacitors are connected in series, the voltage equalization circuit according to the present invention is a voltage equalization generating voltage equalization reference voltage.
  • a reference voltage generator a resistor connected in parallel to each of the electrical energy storage cells, and a switch connected in series to each of the resistors, wherein the voltage is lower than a voltage equalization reference voltage among the electrical energy storage cells.
  • the switch is off, characterized in that the current flowing through the resistance of the resistor is cut off.
  • the voltage equalization circuit according to the present invention has the advantage of being able to attain low-speed voltage equalization and excellent voltage equalization precision with a simple structure at low cost.
  • the present invention is particularly effective for voltage equalization in the case where an electric energy storage cell having a relatively large leakage current is present among the electric energy storage cells.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization method using a zener diode according to the related art.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a passive voltage equalization method according to the related art.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating another voltage equalization method according to the related art.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a hysteresis circuit using a comparator according to the related art.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a voltage equalization operation path of the voltage equalization circuit using the hysteresis circuit shown in FIG. 8 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit for reducing a leakage current according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a passive resistor R is connected in parallel to each of the electrical energy storage cells C1, C2, C3, and C4, and the higher the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell is, the higher the voltage is.
  • a large current flows through the passive resistor in proportion to the voltage, so that the voltage equalization is caused by the difference in the discharge current according to the voltage at which the electrical energy storage cell with high voltage is discharged with a relatively large current. Will be done.
  • the electrical energy storage cell is an electric double layer capacitor having a capacity of 1000F, a passive resistance of 50 Ohm, 4 series charge voltages of 10V, a voltage of C1 of 2.3V, a voltage of C2 of 2.4V, and a voltage of C3.
  • the voltages of 2.5V and C4 are 2.8V, 46mA, 48mA, 50mA, and 56mA of current flow through each passive resistor.
  • the voltage equalization is achieved using this difference in current. Since the charge voltage in series is 10V, when voltage equalization is perfect, the voltage of all electric double layer capacitors is 2.5V, and 50mA of current flows through each passive resistor. Therefore, based on the electric double layer capacitor C3, the electric double layer capacitor C1 is currently charged with a current of 4 mA, and the charging current decreases as the voltage increases.
  • each passive resistor has 230mA, 240mA, 250mA, 280mA current, so the current difference is increased by 5 times, voltage equalization speed is increased by 5 times, but leakage current is increased by 5 times. The electrical energy loss is very large. This phenomenon is a major disadvantage of the passive voltage equalization method.
  • an electric energy storage cell is an electric double layer capacitor with a capacity of 1000 F, a passive resistance of 50 Ohm, 4 series charge voltages of 10 V, and an equivalent resistance of 2.5 kOhm, C3 electric current by C1, C2, C4 electric double layer capacitors. If the equivalent resistance due to leakage current (2.5 mA at 50 mA) of the double layer capacitor is 50 Ohm, the resistance obtained by adding the passive resistance of each electric double layer capacitor and the equivalent resistance due to leakage current is 49.02 Ohm, 49.02 Ohm, 25 Ohm, 49.02 Ohm.
  • the electrochemical components due to impurities in the leakage current do not have a large deviation, but the leakage current due to a minute short circuit causes a large deviation, so that the voltage equalization accuracy in the passive voltage equalization method is high. This is a major cause of shortening the lifespan of electrical energy storage devices and lowering reliability.
  • the electrical energy storage in which the discharge current is blocked by blocking the discharge current flowing through the resistor connected in parallel to the electrical energy storage cell having a voltage lower than the voltage equalization reference voltage Allow the cell to charge to perform voltage equalization.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the voltage equalization circuit 400 includes a series string unit 410, a series resistor unit 420, a target voltage detector 430, and an electric energy storage cell voltage detector 440. ), A voltage equalization reference voltage generator 450, a voltage comparator 460, a parallel resistor unit 470, a first transistor unit 480, and a second transistor unit 490.
  • serial string unit 410 In the serial string unit 410, four electric double layer capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 are connected in series to form a serial string.
  • the series resistor unit 420 includes four series resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 connected in series according to the present embodiment, and the four series resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 are voltages. It is used as a voltage divider to generate the average voltage to the equalization target voltage.
  • the target voltage detector 430 is configured as a differential amplifier using an OP amplifier according to the present embodiment, and the four differential amplifiers OA1-A, OA2-A, and OA3- detecting voltage equalization target voltages. A, OA4-A).
  • the electrical energy storage cell voltage detector 440 detects the voltages of the four electrical double layer capacitors, and according to the present embodiment, four differential amplifiers OA1-B, OA2-B, OA3-B, and OA4-B. ).
  • the voltage equalization reference voltage generator 450 includes eight resistors R1-1, R1-2, R2-1, R2-2, which are used as voltage dividers according to the present embodiment. R3-1, R3-2, R4-1, R4-2).
  • the voltage comparator 460 compares the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 with the voltage equalization reference voltages and outputs control voltages.
  • the parallel resistor unit 470 includes four resistors PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4 connected in parallel to each of the electric double layer capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 according to the present embodiment.
  • the first transistor unit 480 includes four transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 according to the present embodiment, and the four transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are the four resistors. It is connected in series with each of (PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4), and is used as a switch for controlling the operation of each resistor.
  • the second transistor unit 490 includes four metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) S1, S2, S3, and S4 according to the present embodiment, and each transistor S1. , S2, S3, and S4 correspond to the first transistor unit 480 according to the output of the comparator constituting the comparator 460.
  • the switching of the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is controlled by controlling the current flowing through the base of the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.
  • the configuration including the second transistor portion is shown, but the second transistor portion may be omitted depending on the configuration.
  • the operation of the voltage equalization circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 4 is as follows.
  • the voltage applied to both ends of each resistor R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a series string. Is the average voltage of.
  • the average voltage, which is the voltage equalization target voltage is generated.
  • the average voltage, which is the voltage equalization target voltage is detected by the four differential amplifiers OA1-A, OA2-A, OA3-A, and OA4-A constituting the target voltage detector 430, and the electrical energy storage cell voltage is detected.
  • the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 are detected by the four differential amplifiers OA1-B, OA2-B, OA3-B, and OA4-B constituting the detector 440.
  • вод equalization circuit As described above, in the voltage equalization circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention, eight resistors R1-1, R1-2, R2-1, R2-2, R3-1, and R3 are used to set the voltage equalization reference voltage. And a voltage equalization reference voltage generator consisting of -2, R4-1, and R4-2.
  • the voltage equalization reference voltage is set as follows.
  • the voltage ratio applied to both ends of the resistors R1-1 and R1-2 is 4:96.
  • the voltage equalization reference voltage is 96% of the series string average voltage.
  • the average voltage of the series string which is the voltage equalization target voltage may be used as the voltage equalization reference voltage.
  • the voltage comparator 450 including four comparators COM1-A, COM2-A, COM3-A, and COM4-A includes voltages and voltage equalization reference voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4. Used to compare
  • the switches S1 and S2 through the comparators COM1-A, COM2-A, COM3-A, and COM4-A.
  • Oxide semiconductor field effect transistors used as S3 and S4 are turned on, and current is applied to the bases of the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 connected in series with the resistors PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4. As a result, current flows through the resistors PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4, and voltage equalization is performed as in the passive voltage equalization method.
  • a voltage of a specific electric double layer capacitor (Cx: where x is any one of 1, 2, 3, and 4) drops below a voltage equalization reference voltage by a leakage current or the like
  • a corresponding comparator constituting the voltage comparator 460 ( COMx-A:
  • x is any one of 1, 2, 3, 4 through the oxide semiconductor field effect transistor used as a corresponding switch (Sx: where x is any one of 1, 2, 3, 4).
  • Sx oxide semiconductor field effect transistor used as a corresponding switch
  • the voltage equalization is already performed to some extent, so the slow voltage equalization speed of the passive voltage equalization method does not significantly affect the voltage equalization accuracy.
  • the voltage equalization reference voltage is 4% of the average value of the series string. When set low, the voltage equalization reference voltage is 2.4V.
  • the leakage current of other electrical energy storage cells is 0mA but the leakage current of a specific electrical energy storage cell reaches 50mA (2.5 Ohm equivalent resistance at 50 Ohm)
  • the voltage of a specific electrical energy storage cell drops to 2.4V
  • the discharge current flowing through the resistor connected in parallel to the energy storage cell is cut off, so that the specific electric energy storage cell has its own leakage current, but the discharge current is still flowing through the resistance connected in parallel to the other electric energy storage cell.
  • the discharge current through the parallel resistance is balanced with the leakage current of the specific electrical energy storage cell so that the voltage of the specific electrical energy storage cell is maintained at about 2.4V. This is a significant difference from 1.453V of the conventional passive voltage equalization method described above.
  • the voltage equalization reference voltage is malfunctioned due to noise or a detection error, or the like, and the current flowing through the parallel resistance is frequently turned on / off due to noise or a detection error.
  • a slight deviation is set based on the average voltage, and it is not fixed but changes in conjunction with the average voltage of the series string so that the voltage equalization accuracy can be improved.
  • the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors S1 which are switches for controlling the base current of the transistors connected in series with the resistors PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4 connected in parallel to the electric double layer capacitor.
  • the P-type is used for the transistors S1 and S2, which have the higher voltage
  • the N-type is used for the transistors S3 and S4, which are the lower voltage. This is to ensure a sufficient operating area even when the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor series string is low in consideration of the threshold voltage between the gate and the source of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
  • the ultimate goal of voltage equalization is to keep the voltages in series connected electrical energy storage cells the same. Therefore, the average voltage of the series strings in which the electrical energy storage cells are connected in series becomes the voltage equalization target voltage.
  • a distribution resistor in which the same resistor is connected in series with the series number of the electric energy storage cells is used to generate an average voltage with a potential difference applied to each resistor, and a differential amplifier such as an op amp is used.
  • a method of detecting the average voltage is illustrated, other methods may be used to detect the average voltage.
  • 5 is a voltage equalization circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the comparators COM 1 -A, COM 2 -A unlike the voltage equalization circuit shown in FIG. 4, the comparators COM 1 -A, COM 2 -A, The design of four differential amplifiers (OA1-A, OA2-A, OA3-A, OA4-A) connected to the positive input terminal of COM3-A, COM4-A) is excluded. Instead, as shown in Fig. 5, resistors R1 and R2 are designed. By adjusting the ratio of the resistors R1 and R2, it is possible to easily detect the average voltage or the voltage equalization reference voltage linked to the average voltage.
  • a voltage equalization circuit In constructing a voltage equalization circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, components such as an op amp and a comparator are used. It is structurally simple and advantageous in terms of convenience that the electrical energy storage cell is supplied from a series string connected in series, rather than separately supplied from the outside.
  • the LM339 commonly used as a comparator, has an operating voltage range of 2V to 36V. Therefore, when the divided blocks are two series, when the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell is 1.0V or less, the voltage equalization operation is not performed normally. Therefore, the serial number of blocks needs to be properly adjusted in consideration of the component's rated voltage and convenience. In this case, it is more effective to use the average voltage of the entire series string as the voltage equalization target voltage than to use the average voltage of the block as the voltage equalization target voltage.
  • FIG. 6 is a voltage equalization circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the voltage equalization circuit illustrated in FIG. 6 is one of four voltage equalization blocks configured by dividing an electric energy storage device having 16 series into four.
  • components of the four series voltage equalization circuit block use the M- terminal as the ground (GND) terminal and the M + terminal as the Vcc.
  • the M + terminal is connected to the M- terminal of the adjacent block, and the M- terminal is connected to the M + terminal of the adjacent block.
  • the average voltage is detected using the resistor R2. If the R + terminal is connected to the M + terminal and the R- terminal is connected to the M- terminal, the average voltage detected through the resistor R2 becomes the average voltage of the 4 series block.
  • the average voltage of the entire series string can be detected, so that all blocks can use the same voltage equalization target voltage. . It is more effective for all voltage equalization blocks to use the same voltage equalization target voltage for voltage equalization across the entire series of strings.
  • a voltage divider and a differential amplifier each having the same resistor connected in series to detect the average voltage of the series string as the voltage equalization target voltage, or use a voltage divider using a resistor in common.
  • a method of using an average voltage detected by using a voltage divider and a differential amplifier has been disclosed in common, in a differential amplifier using other op amps, the voltage across the series string is used as an input voltage, and the gain of the amplifier is adjusted.
  • a method of generating the average voltage of the series string may be used.
  • other methods such as a method of generating the average voltage of the series string, other methods such as a digital computing device may be used.
  • One of the disadvantages of the passive voltage equalization method according to the prior art is full discharge by leakage current.
  • the electrical energy storage cell if no charging current is applied to the serial string, the electrical energy storage cell is discharged to 0V by a passive resistor connected in parallel to the electrical energy storage cell.
  • the electrical energy storage cell is a capacitor, such as an electric double layer capacitor, even if it reaches a complete discharge state does not cause a big problem, but in the case of a secondary battery there is a risk of fatal damage or fire or explosion due to over discharge.
  • the present invention further sets and detects a voltage equalization upper limit reference voltage in an electrical energy storage device configured as an electrical energy storage cell connected in series, and when the voltage of a specific electric energy storage cell is higher than the voltage equalization upper limit reference voltage, parallel to the electrical energy storage cell. It is more effective to use the method of discharging the electrical energy storage cell through the resistor connected to return the voltage below the upper limit voltage equalization.
  • the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage is set through the average voltage, and when the voltage of the specific electric energy storage cell is lower than the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage, the current flowing through the resistor connected in parallel to the specific electric energy storage cell is cut off. Is to return to above the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage by charging the cut-off electric energy storage cell, whereas FIG. 7 additionally sets the voltage equalization upper limit reference voltage through the average voltage and equalizes the voltage of the specific electric energy storage cell.
  • the upper limit reference voltage is exceeded, a specific electrical energy storage cell is discharged through a corresponding resistor connected in parallel to the specific electrical energy storage cell so that the voltage of the specific electrical energy storage cell drops below the voltage equalization upper limit reference voltage.
  • an average voltage that is a voltage equalization target voltage is generated by using the resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 having the same resistance value according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a voltage equalization target voltage detector having four differential amplifiers (OA1-A, OA2-A, OA3-A, OA4-A)
  • An electrical energy storage cell voltage detector with four differential amplifiers OA1-B, OA2-B, OA3-B and OA4-B is used to detect the voltage of each electrical energy storage cell.
  • the resistors Rx-1, Rx-2, Rx-3, and Rx-4: where x is any one of 1, 2, 3, and 4 are used to generate the voltage equalization upper and lower reference voltages.
  • the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage is set at the ratio of resistors Rx-1 and Rx-2. For example, if the lower limit reference voltage is set to 95% of the average voltage, the resistance ratio of the resistors Rx-1 and Rx-2 is set to 5:95.
  • the voltage equalization upper limit reference voltage is set using the average voltage and the resistors Rx-3 and Rx-4. When the upper limit reference voltage is set 5% higher than the average voltage, the ratio of the resistors Rx-3 and Rx-4 connected to the voltage of each electric energy storage cell is set to 5:95, and the average value of 95% of the electric energy storage cell voltage is averaged. It can be set by comparing with the voltage. Of course, a separate resistor can be used to generate a value that is 105% of the average voltage.
  • a separate resistor is used to set the voltage equalization upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage, but this is only for convenience. It is more preferable to adjust the gain by adjusting the resistance of the differential amplifier. easy.
  • the comparison units COM1-A, COM2-A, COM3-A, and COM4-A compare the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell with the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage, and compare the comparison units COM1-B, COM2-B, and COM3. -B, COM4-B) compares the voltage of the electrical energy storage cell with the voltage equalization upper limit reference voltage.
  • the voltage equalization circuit of FIG. 7 operates as follows.
  • Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (S1-1, S2-1, S3-1) used as switches when the voltages of four electrical energy storage cells (C1, C2, C3, C4) connected in series are greater than the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage.
  • S4-1 is turned on by comparators COM1-A, COM2-A, COM3-A, and COM4-A, and connected in parallel to each electrical energy storage cell C1, C2, C3, C4.
  • a current is applied to the bases of the transistors Q1-1, Q2-1, Q3-1, and Q4-1 connected in series with the resistors PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4 so that the resistors PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4 are applied. Current flows through).
  • Voltage equalization is performed as in the passive voltage equalization method.
  • the corresponding comparator COMx-A switches Sx-1: where x is 1, 2, 3, 4, Is blocked) and as the current flowing through the base of the transistor Qx-1 is blocked, the discharge current does not flow to the corresponding resistor PRx (where x is any one of 1, 2, 3, 4). .
  • the discharge current flows through the parallel resistance of the remaining electrical energy storage cells, but the specific electrical energy storage cell Cx is discharged so that the specific electrical energy storage cell starts to charge and the voltage rises.
  • the corresponding switch Sx When the voltage of the specific electric energy storage cell Cx increases above the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage, the corresponding switch Sx by the corresponding comparator COMx-A (where x is any one of 1, 2, 3, and 4). -1, where x is any one of 1, 2, 3, 4), the base current is applied to the corresponding transistor Qx-1, and the current flows back to the corresponding resistor PRx, thereby providing passive voltage equalization. Is performed.
  • a voltage equalization circuit By using such a voltage equalization circuit, if the voltage of a specific electric energy storage cell is out of the voltage equalization upper limit voltage and the lower limit reference voltage, the specific electric energy storage cell is charged or discharged by the corresponding resistor PRx or DRx, so that the voltage equalization upper limit Return quickly between the reference voltage and the lower limit reference voltage. Above the voltage equalization lower limit reference voltage, a voltage equalization operation such as a passive voltage equalization method is performed.
  • the voltage equalization circuit when all the electrical energy storage cell voltage is located within the voltage equalization lower limit voltage and the upper limit reference voltage, if the current flowing to all resistors connected in parallel to the electrical energy storage cell is blocked, leakage by the voltage equalization circuit. The current can be greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage equalization circuit for reducing a leakage current according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the slow voltage equalization speed of the passive voltage equalization method can be overcome, and electrical energy is stored by factors such as leakage current of the electrical energy storage cell in the voltage equalization method using the conventional discharge resistance.
  • the voltage equalization difficulty generated when the voltage of the cell drops is overcome.
  • FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a voltage equalization operation path of a voltage equalization circuit using the hysteresis circuit shown in FIG. 8 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a voltage equalization reference voltage is obtained when a specific electric energy storage cell is out of the voltage equalization upper limit voltage and the lower limit reference voltage and then returns to the voltage equalization upper limit voltage and the lower limit reference voltage by the voltage equalization operation.
  • the voltage equalization circuit By using the voltage equalization circuit according to the present invention, it is possible to charge the electrical energy storage cell even if a resistor is used, thereby improving the voltage equalization speed and precision with a simple structure and a low price.
  • the present invention can be used in the case where an electric energy storage cell such as a secondary battery or an electrolytic capacitor is connected in series in addition to an ultracapacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor.
  • an electric energy storage cell such as a secondary battery or an electrolytic capacitor
  • an ultracapacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor.
  • the four electrical energy storage cells are illustrated as being connected in series, but the present invention does not particularly limit the number of series.
  • the present invention provides a voltage equalization method between electrical energy storage cells in an electrical energy storage device in which electrical energy storage cells are connected in series, and an ultra energy such as an electric double layer capacitor as an electrical energy storage cell.
  • Lead Acid Battery NiMH Battery, NiCd Battery, Lithium Ion Battery, Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor, etc., as well as Capacitor Can be.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un circuit d'égalisation de tensions qui est conçu de manière à être simple et économique et qui sert à égaliser les tensions entre des cellules de stockage d'énergie électrique, telles que des batteries ou des condensateurs, dans un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique où les cellules de stockage d'énergie électrique sont montées en série. Plus particulièrement, le circuit d'égalisation de tensions selon la présente invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : un générateur de tension de référence d'égalisation de tensions destiné à générer une tension de référence d'égalisation de tensions dans un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique qui prend la forme d'une chaîne série où les cellules de stockage d'énergie électrique sont montées en série ; des résistances montées en parallèle avec chacune des cellules de stockage d'énergie électrique ; et des commutateurs montés en série avec chacune des résistances. Un courant qui traverse une résistance pour atteindre une cellule de stockage d'énergie électrique et qui a une tension inférieure à la tension de référence d'égalisation de tensions est coupé grâce à l'ouverture du commutateur qui correspond à ladite résistance.
PCT/KR2012/006880 2011-08-30 2012-08-29 Circuit d'égalisation de tensions WO2013032214A1 (fr)

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KR20150090436A (ko) * 2014-01-29 2015-08-06 킴스테크날리지 주식회사 전압 균등화 회로
KR101602277B1 (ko) * 2014-12-05 2016-03-10 현대오트론 주식회사 배터리 셀 밸런싱 장치 및 방법
KR101811671B1 (ko) * 2015-05-26 2018-01-25 킴스테크날리지 주식회사 전기적 하이브리드 에너지 저장장치

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