WO2013031625A1

WO2013031625A1 - Liquid-crystal display device

Info

Publication number: WO2013031625A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/071284
Authority: WO
Inventors: 豪鎌田; 柴田　諭
Original assignee: シャープ株式会社
Priority date: 2011-08-30
Filing date: 2012-08-23
Publication date: 2013-03-07
Also published as: JP2014211457A

Abstract

This liquid-crystal display device is provided with a first electrode, a second electrode, a liquid-crystal layer, and a light-guide plate. The second electrode is opposite the first electrode. The liquid-crystal layer is disposed between the first and second electrodes. In a no-voltage state wherein a voltage is not applied between the first and second electrodes, the liquid-crystal layer is optically isotropic, and in a voltage-applied state wherein a voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes, the liquid-crystal layer becomes optically anisotropic. The light-guide plate is disposed opposite the liquid-crystal layer and has a first end surface and a first principal surface. Light that enters the light-guide plate from the first end surface is propagated in a first direction and outputted diagonally towards the liquid-crystal layer from the first principal surface, which faces the liquid-crystal layer.

Description

Liquid crystal display

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-187636 filed in Japan on August 30, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

A blue phase mode liquid crystal display device is known as a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal layer whose retardation changes due to the electro-optic Kerr effect. The blue phase mode is a liquid crystal mode that is optically isotropic when no voltage is applied, and optically anisotropic in the electric field direction when a voltage is applied. In the blue phase mode, when a vertical electric field (electric field parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer) is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the refractive index anisotropy occurs in a direction parallel to the electric field. Can not be affected, it does not hold as a display. Therefore, when the blue phase mode is applied to display, a lateral electric field (electric field orthogonal to the liquid crystal layer thickness direction) is generated in the liquid crystal layer by the electrodes arranged in a comb shape, and an in-plane orthogonal to the liquid crystal layer thickness direction is generated. It must be driven so that refractive index anisotropy occurs.

However, driving with a comb-like electrode causes an area where the liquid crystal molecules do not respond because an electric field is not applied directly above the electrode or in a part of the liquid crystal layer thickness direction, and the effective aperture ratio is reduced. A method of increasing the aperture ratio by widening the electrode interval is also conceivable, but in this case, the drive voltage becomes higher according to the electrode interval, so that it is difficult to drive the TFT due to the influence of electrostatic breakdown or signal delay. As a result, power consumption increases.

Therefore, in the image display device of Patent Document 1, light is obliquely incident on a blue phase mode liquid crystal layer driven by a vertical electric field so that the incident direction of light is different from the direction in which refractive index anisotropy occurs. ing. According to this method, even if a longitudinal electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, birefringence can be generated for light that passes through the liquid crystal layer obliquely. Therefore, an image display with a high aperture ratio and low power consumption can be realized using a vertical electric field while applying the blue phase mode.

JP 2007-101922 A

However, in the image display device of Patent Document 1, an optical member such as a fly-eye lens or a rod lens is disposed between the liquid crystal light valve and the light source, and light is incident on the liquid crystal light valve obliquely. Therefore, a similar configuration cannot be adopted in a direct-viewing type liquid crystal display device in which a light source and a liquid crystal panel are arranged close to each other.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having a high aperture ratio and low power consumption.

The liquid crystal display device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, the first electrode, and the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode. It is optically isotropic when no voltage is applied to the second electrode, and optically different when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. A first liquid crystal layer having a directionality, a first end face and a first main face, disposed opposite to the liquid crystal layer, and transmitting light incident from the first end face in a first direction to face the liquid crystal layer; A light guide plate that emits obliquely from one main surface toward the liquid crystal layer.

The liquid crystal display device according to an aspect of the present invention is further provided corresponding to the first electrode, and the light emitted from the first main surface of the light guide plate and obliquely passing through the liquid crystal layer is another A color conversion layer that converts color light to the first electrode, the color conversion layer being provided in correspondence with the first electrode, the color conversion layer being in the first direction relative to the first electrode as viewed from the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer; It may be formed by overhanging.

The liquid crystal display device according to an aspect of the present invention further includes a liquid crystal panel, and a backlight that includes the light guide plate and allows the light to enter the liquid crystal panel obliquely. A first substrate on which one electrode is formed; a second substrate on which the second electrode is formed; the liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and the second electrode. The color conversion layer provided on the opposite side to the liquid crystal layer may be included.

The backlight may have a light distribution characteristic such that the intensity of light incident at an angle of 55 ° to 70 ° with respect to the liquid crystal panel is maximized.

The liquid crystal panel includes a first polarizing layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the backlight, and a second polarizing layer provided on the opposite side of the backlight across the liquid crystal layer. The transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer are arranged to intersect each other, and the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer are You may arrange | position in the direction which makes an angle of less than 45 degrees with respect to a direction, respectively.

The angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer may be 74 ° or more and 82 ° or less.

A light distribution control layer that controls the light distribution of the light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer, so that the direction in which the intensity of the light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer is the strongest approaches the layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer; Good.

When the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer in a voltage application state is Δn and the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn and the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer. The retardation Δn · d may be not less than the wavelength λ of the light.
The light may be colored light having an emission peak at a specific wavelength, and the wavelength λ of the light may be a peak wavelength of the emission peak.
The light may be white light, and the wavelength λ of the light may be 550 nm.

The backlight includes a first light source that causes the first light to enter the first end surface of the light guide plate, and a second light source that causes the second light to enter the second end surface of the light guide plate. The optical plate propagates the first light incident from the first end face in the first direction, and obliquely emits the first light from the first main surface toward the liquid crystal panel, and the light incident from the second end face The second light is propagated in a direction opposite to the first direction, is emitted obliquely from the first main surface toward the liquid crystal panel, and the color conversion layer is viewed from the layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. The first electrode may be formed so as to protrude in the direction opposite to the first direction and the first direction.

The light guide plate may be configured such that a scatterer that scatters the first light and the second light is dispersed in a transparent substrate that transmits the first light and the second light. Good.

According to the aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having a high aperture ratio and low power consumption can be provided.

It is a disassembled perspective view of the liquid crystal display device of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the optical path length of light and the magnitude | size of birefringence when light passes through a liquid-crystal layer diagonally. It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated various parameters. It is a figure which shows the incident angle dependence of the voltage-transmittance characteristic when the layer thickness of a liquid crystal layer is 7.5 micrometers. It is a figure which shows the incident angle dependence of the voltage-transmittance characteristic when the layer thickness of a liquid-crystal layer is 10 micrometers. It is a figure which shows the incident angle dependence of the voltage-transmittance characteristic when the layer thickness of a liquid-crystal layer is 15 micrometers. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing voltage-transmittance characteristics when the thickness of a liquid crystal layer is 12.8 μm, light is incident perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer, and light distribution of the liquid crystal layer is controlled by a lateral electric field. It is a figure which shows the incident angle dependence of the transmittance | permeability when the voltage applied to a liquid-crystal layer is 30.8V and the layer thickness of a liquid-crystal layer is 5 micrometers, 7.5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, 15 micrometers, and 20 micrometers. It is sectional drawing of the liquid crystal display device of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the light distribution of the light before and behind passing a light distribution control layer. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the transmission axis of two polarizing layers in the liquid crystal display device of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between incident angle (theta) 1 of light with respect to a 1st polarizing layer, and angle (phi) 1 when angle (phi) 1 is optimized so that angle (phi) 2 may be 45 degrees. It is a figure which shows the voltage-transmittance characteristic when angle φ1 is 38 °. It is a figure which shows the voltage-transmittance characteristic when angle φ1 is 45 °. It is sectional drawing of the liquid crystal display device of 4th Embodiment.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment. In the following description, the extending direction of the data line 21 is defined as the Y direction, the extending direction of the gate line 22 is defined as the X direction, and the direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction is defined as the Z direction. To do.

The liquid crystal display device 1 includes a liquid crystal panel 2 and a backlight 3 that causes the light L to enter the liquid crystal panel 2 obliquely.

The liquid crystal panel 2 includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 11, a first polarizing layer 12, and a second polarizing layer 13. The second substrate 11 is disposed to face the first substrate 10. The first polarizing layer 12 is provided on the outer surface side of the first substrate 10. The second polarizing layer 13 is provided on the outer surface side of the second substrate 11. A rectangular frame-shaped sealing material 19 is provided on the peripheral edge of the facing region where the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 face each other. In a space surrounded by the first substrate 10, the second substrate 11, and the sealing material 19, a blue phase mode liquid crystal layer (not shown) is sealed.

The display area 2A is provided inside the sealing material 19. In the display area 2A, a plurality of gate lines 21 extending in the X direction and a plurality of data lines 22 extending in the Y direction are provided on the first substrate 10 in a lattice shape in plan view. In the vicinity of the intersection between the gate line 21 and the data line 22, a display element corresponding to any one of red, green, and blue is provided. On the first substrate 10, a plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix in the X direction and the Y direction, and a display region 2A is formed by the plurality of display elements.

A backlight 3 is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 2.

The backlight 3 includes a light guide plate 4 and a plurality of light sources 5 arranged on the first end face 4 a of the light guide plate 4. The light guide plate 4 propagates the light L from the light source 5 incident from the first end surface 4a in the Y direction toward the second end surface 4c facing the first end surface 4a, and the first main surface 4b facing the liquid crystal panel 2. The light L is emitted obliquely toward the liquid crystal panel 2.

The light source 5 is, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) that emits white light. The plurality of light sources 5 are arranged in the X direction with the light emitting surface opposed to the first end surface 4 a of the light guide plate 4. The light source 5 may be a point light source such as an LED or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element, or may be a linear light source such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp; CCFL).

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 1.

The first substrate 10 is formed by forming a circuit layer including various wirings such as data lines and gate lines and driving elements such as thin film transistors connected to these wirings on a transparent substrate such as glass. A plurality of first electrodes 14 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed on the first substrate 10. The first electrode 14 is a rectangular electrode (pixel electrode) provided corresponding to each display element, and is arranged in the X direction and the Y direction according to the arrangement of each display element.

The second substrate 11 is made of a transparent substrate such as glass. On the second substrate 11, a light shielding layer (black matrix) 16b having openings 16H corresponding to the respective display elements and a color conversion layer 16a disposed in each opening 16H of the light shielding layer 16b are formed. ing. The color conversion layer 16a is an optical member that converts the light L transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 15 into light having a color different from that of the light L and emits the light to the outside. The color conversion layer 16a is formed in substantially the same size and shape as the first electrode 14 of the display element corresponding to the color conversion layer 16a. In the case of the present embodiment, the color conversion layer 16a is a color filter layer in which a red, green, or blue pigment is dispersed inside the resin, but the color conversion layer 16a is excited by the light L to be red, green, or It may be a phosphor layer that emits blue light. When a phosphor layer is used as the color conversion layer 16a, the second polarizing layer 13 is an in-cell polarizing layer disposed on the liquid crystal layer side of the color converting layer 16a, or the color converting layer 16a is more than the second polarizing layer 13. A structure disposed on the outside is desirable.

The color conversion layer 16a is disposed at a position shifted from the first electrode 14 when viewed from the Z direction (layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer). When the direction in which the emission direction of the first light L1 emitted obliquely from the backlight 3 toward the liquid crystal panel 2 is projected onto a plane orthogonal to the Z direction is defined as the first direction (in this embodiment, the Y direction). The color conversion layer 16a is formed so as to protrude in the first direction from the first electrode 14 when viewed from the Z direction.

In the case of the present embodiment, the light L travels in a direction inclined by an angle θ2 on the + Y side with respect to the Z direction. Therefore, the color conversion layer 16a so that all the light L transmitted through the first electrode 14 and traveling obliquely through the liquid crystal layer 15 is incident on the color conversion layer 16a of the display element corresponding to the first electrode 14. The + Y side end of the first electrode 14 is arranged to be shifted to the + Y side by the length W1 as viewed from the Z direction with respect to the + Y side end of the first electrode 14, and the −Y side end of the color conversion layer 16a is The first electrode 14 is disposed so as to be shifted from the −Y side end of the first electrode 14 to the + Y side by a length W2 when viewed from the Z direction.

W1 and W2 are, for example, the distance in the Z direction between the first electrode 14 and the color conversion layer 16a as d ', and the angle formed between the traveling direction of the light L traveling inside the liquid crystal layer 15 and the Z direction. Assuming that θ2, it is designed to satisfy the relationship of W1 = W2 = d ′ · tan θ2.

In FIG. 2, the color conversion layer 16a and the light shielding layer 16b are arranged so as not to overlap each other, but the color conversion layer 16a and the light shielding layer 16b may be arranged so as to partially overlap each other. In that case, the color conversion layer 16a that overlaps the light shielding layer 16b does not function as a color conversion layer because the light L that has passed through the liquid crystal layer 15 is color-converted and is not emitted to the outside. In this specification, the “color conversion layer” refers to a layer having a function of color-converting light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer and emitting the light to the outside. Not included in the “color conversion layer”. Therefore, when the color conversion layer 16a partially overlaps the light shielding layer 16b, “the color conversion layer 16a is formed so as to protrude in the first direction from the first electrode 14 when viewed from the Z direction”. Means that the portion of the color conversion layer 16a excluding the portion overlapping with the light shielding layer 16b is formed so as to protrude from the first electrode 14 in the first direction when viewed from the Z direction.

A second electrode 17 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed on the color conversion layer 16a and the light shielding layer 16b. The second electrode 17 is formed on the entire surface of the display area, and is a common electrode (common electrode) for the plurality of first electrodes 14. A voltage corresponding to the image signal is applied between the second electrode 17 and the first electrode 14. An electric field (vertical electric field) in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction (Z direction) of the liquid crystal panel 2 is generated between the second electrode 17 and the first electrode 14 due to the voltage. Thus, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 15 is controlled.

The liquid crystal layer 15 includes a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy indicating a blue phase. The blue phase is a liquid crystal phase in which a plurality of spiral structures having different spiral axes are in a three-dimensional periodic structure. The blue phase itself is optically isotropic and rearranges into a nematic phase when a voltage is applied. The alignment of the liquid crystal layer 15 is controlled by an electric field generated between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 17. In the blue phase liquid crystal layer 15, the refractive index in the electric field direction changes in proportion to the square of the electric field strength due to the Kerr effect (Kerr effect). The response time of the blue phase liquid crystal is about 10 microseconds, which is much shorter than the response time of normal nematic liquid crystal (10 milliseconds).

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 15a represents the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal layer 15 in a refractive index ellipsoid. In FIG. 2, the display element corresponding to the first electrode 14 on the right side is a voltage application state in which a voltage is applied between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 17, and the refractive index ellipsoid extends in the electric field direction. It is an elongated spheroid. In FIG. 2, the display element corresponding to the first electrode 14 on the left side is a state in which no voltage is applied between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 17, and the refractive index ellipsoid is completely It is a sphere. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 17, the liquid crystal layer 15 generates anisotropy, that is, birefringence with the electric field direction (Z direction) as the optical axis.

The first polarizing layer 12 is bonded to the surface of the first substrate 10 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 15 side.
The second polarizing layer 13 is bonded to the surface of the second substrate 11 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 15 side. The first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 13 are arranged in a direction in which each transmission axis forms 45 ° with respect to the Y axis so that the transmission axes are orthogonal to each other. In the case of this embodiment, the first polarizing layer 12 is bonded to the surface of the first substrate 10 on the backlight 3 side, but the first polarizing layer 12 is interposed between the backlight 3 and the liquid crystal layer 15. As long as it is arranged, it may be arranged at any position. Similarly, the second polarizing layer 13 is bonded to the surface of the second substrate 11 opposite to the backlight 3 side, but the second polarizing layer 13 is connected to the backlight 3 with the liquid crystal layer 15 in between. As long as they are arranged on the opposite side, they may be arranged at any position.

The light guide plate 4 of the backlight 3 is disposed on the opposite side of the first polarizing layer 12 from the liquid crystal layer 15. The light guide plate 4 is made of a transparent plate material such as acrylic that transmits the light L. A plurality of prism structures 6 extending in a direction orthogonal to the light propagation direction Y (X direction) are formed on the second main surface 4 d facing the first main surface 4 b of the light guide plate 4.

The cross-sectional shape of one prism structure 6 cut along the YZ plane is triangular. The prism structure 6 has a first surface 6a that is orthogonal to the first main surface 4b of the light guide plate 4, and a second surface 6b that forms an acute angle with the first surface 6a. The second surface 6 b of the prism structure 6 is a reflecting surface that reflects the light L propagating through the light guide plate 4.

The light L propagating in the Y direction from the first end surface 4a to the second end surface 4c inside the light guide plate 4 is repeatedly reflected between the first main surface 4b and the second surface 6b of the prism structure 6, When the incident angle of the light L on the first main surface 4 b becomes smaller than the critical angle, the light L is extracted to the external space and emitted toward the liquid crystal panel 2. Therefore, the light L emitted from the first main surface 4b of the light guide plate 4 is in the light propagation direction side (from the first end surface 4a to the second end surface) with respect to the normal direction (Z direction) of the first main surface 4b. Light having directivity in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle θ1 toward the side 4c: + Y side). The angle θ1 is, for example, 60 °, and the light L is emitted from the first main surface 4b at an angle of about 60 ° ± 10 °.

The light L incident on the liquid crystal panel 2 at an angle θ1 is refracted inside the liquid crystal panel 2 and the traveling direction is bent in a direction close to the Z direction. Then, the liquid crystal layer 15 travels in the direction inclined by the angle θ2 toward the + Y side (the second end face 4c side of the light guide plate 4) with respect to the Z direction, and enters the color conversion layer 16a. At this time, since the color conversion layer 16a is arranged so as to be shifted in the Y direction from the first electrode 14, the light L that has passed through the first electrode 14 undergoes color conversion of the display element corresponding to the first electrode 14. All incident on the layer 16a. Therefore, the occurrence of color mixing or the like between display elements adjacent in the Y direction is suppressed. The light L ′ that has passed through the color conversion layer 16a and is colored in a predetermined color is transmitted through the second polarizing layer 13 and emitted toward the external space at an angle θ3.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the optical path length of the light L and the magnitude of birefringence when the light L passes through the liquid crystal layer 15 obliquely. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 15 a represents the optical characteristic of the liquid crystal layer 15 when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 17 by a refractive index ellipsoid.

When the refractive index of ordinary light in the liquid crystal layer 15 is no, the refractive index of extraordinary light is ne, and the distance in the Z direction (layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer) between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 17 is d, the liquid crystal layer The refractive index ne ′, the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′, and the optical path length d ′ of the extraordinary light with respect to the light L traveling in the direction inclined by the angle θ2 with respect to the Z direction are expressed by the equations (1) and ( 2) and formula (3), respectively.

When the light L passes through the liquid crystal layer 15 at an angle, the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′ decreases and the optical path length d ′ increases. A part of the light L is reflected on the surface of the first electrode 14, the surface of the second electrode 17, or the interface between the substrate and the electrode or the surface of the substrate, resulting in a loss (Fresnel loss). The loss of light due to the interface reflection increases as the traveling direction of the light L is greatly inclined with respect to the Z direction.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of calculating various parameters based on Expression (1), Expression (2), and Expression (3). In FIG. 4, θ1 is an incident angle of the light L that is obliquely incident on the liquid crystal panel from the light guide plate, “Δn ratio” is Δn ′ / Δn (= ne−no), and “d ratio”. Is d ′ / d, “Δnd ratio” is Δn′d ′ / Δnd, and “medium transmittance” is the ratio of light transmitted through the liquid crystal panel without interface reflection. As the material of the liquid crystal layer, a material having a refractive index of ne = 1.580477, no = 1.481637, and Δn = 0.09884 (corresponding to “ZLI-4792” (trade name) manufactured by Merck) ).

As shown in FIG. 4, as the incident angle θ1 increases, the angle θ2 of light traveling in the liquid crystal layer increases, and the Δd ratio, Δn ratio, and Δnd ratio increase accordingly. The medium transmittance decreases as the incident angle θ1 increases, but this is due to the influence of interface reflection. The interface reflection increases rapidly when the incident angle θ1 exceeds 60 °. Therefore, in order to increase the Δnd ratio and increase the medium transmittance, it is desirable to set the incident angle θ1 to 60 ° to 80 °.

In this case, since the Δnd ratio is a value around 0.5, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer needs to be twice that of the case where light is incident in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer in the transverse electric field mode. . That is, the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer that is felt by light traveling in a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer when a vertical electric field is applied (voltage application state) is Δn, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d. Then, the retardation Δn · d, which is the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn and the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer, is preferably equal to or greater than the light wavelength λ. In addition, “the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer that is felt by light traveling in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer in a state where a vertical electric field is applied (voltage applied state)” is, in other words, “the vertical electric field is “Refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer in the applied state (voltage applied state)”.

Here, the wavelength λ of light is 550 nm when the light is white light, and colored light having an emission peak at a specific wavelength (for example, blue light) is emitted from the backlight 3 and is formed by a phosphor. When the color conversion layer is excited to display red, green, and blue, the light wavelength λ is the peak wavelength of the emission peak.

For example, when a material having a refractive index ne = 1.580477, a refractive index no = 1.481637, and Δn = 0.09884 is used as the material of the liquid crystal layer, Δn ′ when the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 7.3 μm. d ′ is 275 nm (= λ / 2, λ = 550 nm).

FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C are diagrams showing the incident angle dependence of the voltage-transmittance characteristics when the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 7.5 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm, respectively.
FIG. 5D is a diagram showing voltage-transmittance characteristics when the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 12.8 μm, light is incident perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer, and the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is controlled by a lateral electric field. .

The simulation conditions are as follows.
・ Simulation software: LCD Master 2d (Shintech)
・ LC: ZLI-4792 (common to FIGS. 5A to 5D)
・ Initial director: Pretilt3.0 [deg], Pre-twist 0.0 [deg], Twist 0.0 [deg] ・ Electrode Voltage 070 [V] / 0 [V]
・ Boundary condition: Periodic
・ Polarizer: 45 deg, Analyzer: 135 deg SEG-1224DU ・ Light source: 550 nm
・ Electrode line width / space width: 4μm / 8μm (only horizontal electric field model in Fig. 5D)

As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′ increases as the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is increased. As shown in FIG. 5A, when the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 7.5 μm, the layer thickness is insufficient, and Δn′d ′ does not reach half of the wavelength λ. Is saturated. As shown in FIG. 5B, when the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is increased to 10 μm, the shortage of the layer thickness is alleviated and the transmittance is improved. When the incident angle θ1 is a wide angle such as 75 ° or 80 °, there is a characteristic that it decreases after passing through the peak of transmittance. As shown in FIG. 5C, when the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 15 μm, the layer thickness is sufficient, and a transmittance peak exists with respect to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer.

FIG. 5D shows a model of a horizontal electric field using the same liquid crystal material. In the model of the horizontal electric field, a transmittance peak exists when the voltage is 40 V, and the peak transmittance is 25%. This is because the aperture ratio is substantially 2/3 due to L / S = 4 μm / 8 μm. In the model of the vertical electric field in FIG. 5B, the transmittance is saturated near a voltage of 30 V, and the maximum transmittance (incident angle θ1 = 60 °) is 37%. Since the transmittance when the two polarizing layers are arranged in crossed Nicols is about 40%, 37% means an ideal state with little light loss.

The reason why the saturation voltage is higher in the horizontal electric field model in FIG. 5D than in the vertical electric field model in FIG. 5B is that the aperture ratio is increased by widening the electrode spacing. Even if it is increased, the liquid crystal is not aligned immediately above the electrode and does not contribute to the transmittance. Therefore, the transmittance is smaller than the longitudinal electric field model. Therefore, the vertical electric field model enables display with low power consumption and high aperture ratio.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the incident angle dependence of the transmittance when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is 30.8 V and the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 5 μm, 7.5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, and 20 μm. .
30.8 V is a voltage at which the transmittance is saturated in FIGS. 5A to 5C.

When the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 5 μm, 7.5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, or 20 μm, a transmittance peak exists when the incident angle θ1 is in the range of 55 ° to 70 °. It is the influence of interface reflection that the transmittance decreases as the incident angle θ1 increases. When the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer increases, the transmittance increases. When the layer thickness d exceeds 10 μm, the transmittance hardly changes. According to FIG. 6, the optimum value of the incident angle θ1 is in the range of 55 ° to 70 °, more preferably in the range of 60 ° to 65 °. Therefore, the backlight 3 is provided with a light distribution such that the intensity of light incident on the liquid crystal panel 2 at an angle of 55 ° to 70 °, more preferably an angle of 60 ° to 65 ° is the strongest. It is desirable to use Thereby, a bright display with high transmittance is possible.

In the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment, the refractive index anisotropy felt by the light propagating in the Y direction through the light guide plate 4 and obliquely incident on the liquid crystal layer 15 from the light guide plate 4 is changed. The amount of light that travels obliquely inside the liquid crystal layer 15 and is emitted to the outside is controlled. In other words, the refractive index anisotropy with respect to light propagating through the light guide plate 4 in the Y direction and obliquely incident on the liquid crystal layer 15 from the light guide plate 4 is changed, whereby the inside of the liquid crystal layer 15 is inclined. Controls the amount of light that travels and is emitted to the outside. Therefore, while using a liquid crystal layer that is optically isotropic when no voltage is applied and has optical anisotropy when a voltage is applied as in the blue phase mode, the aperture is opened with low power consumption using a vertical electric field. A thin liquid crystal display device with a high rate can be provided.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 30 of the second embodiment. In the liquid crystal display device 30, the same components as those in the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The liquid crystal display device 30 is different from the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment in that the liquid crystal panel 31 has a direction in which the intensity of the light L having passed through the liquid crystal layer 15 is the strongest on the outer surface side of the second polarizing layer 13. The light distribution control layer 32 that controls the light distribution of the light L so as to approach the normal direction (Z direction) of the liquid crystal panel 31 is provided. The light distribution indicates in which direction and how much light is emitted.

The light distribution control layer 32 is a light diffusing plate in which a scatterer 34 made of fine particles having a refractive index different from the transparent resin 33, for example, a diameter of about 3 μm to 10 μm, is dispersed inside a transparent resin 33 such as acrylic. is there. In the case of the present embodiment, white light is used as the light L, and as the scatterer 34, particles having less wavelength dependency of the scattering degree in the visible light region (a wavelength region of 380 nm to 750 nm) are used. Yes. In the present embodiment, the light distribution control layer 32 is a light diffusing plate in which the scatterers 34 are dispersed, but the light distribution control layer 32 is not limited to this.
For example, the light distribution control layer 32 may be formed by forming a groove on the surface of a transparent plate and controlling the light distribution by reflecting light on the surface of the groove.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the light distribution before and after passing through the light distribution control layer 32. In FIG. 8, the horizontal axis indicates the light emission direction (angle formed with the Z axis) when the light emitted from the light distribution control layer 32 travels in the YZ plane, and the vertical axis indicates the emission direction. The intensity of the emitted light is shown.

In the case where the light distribution control layer 32 is not provided, the light L that has passed through the second polarizing layer 13 is refracted at the interface between the second polarizing layer 13 and the external air layer, as indicated by reference numeral D1. It is emitted in the direction of θ3 (see FIG. 2). On the other hand, when the light distribution control layer 32 is provided, the light L that has passed through the second polarizing layer 13 is scattered by the scatterer 34 and changes the optical path in the direction approaching the Z direction, as indicated by reference numeral D2. Is done.

According to the liquid crystal display device 30 of this embodiment, the light distribution control layer 32 controls the light distribution of the light L so that the direction in which the intensity of the light L that has passed through the liquid crystal layer 15 is the strongest approaches the Z direction. Therefore, the quality of the image when viewed from the front can be improved.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the transmission axis 12a of the first polarizing layer 12 and the transmission axis 13a of the second polarizing layer 13 in the liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment. In FIG. 9, components common to the liquid crystal display device 1 of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is different from the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment in the arrangement of the transmission axis 12 a of the first polarizing layer 12 and the transmission axis 13 a of the second polarizing layer 13. In the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment, the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer 13 are directions of ± 45 ° across the axis parallel to the Y axis when viewed from the Z direction. Was set to. On the other hand, in the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment, the transmission axis 12a of the first polarizing layer 12 and the transmission axis 13a of the second polarizing layer 13 are

axes

12b and 13b parallel to the Y axis when viewed from the Z direction. Is set in the direction of ± φ1 (<45 °).

When the light L passes through the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 13 obliquely as shown in FIG. 9, the transmission axes 12a of the two

polarizing layers

12, 13 when viewed along the traveling direction of the light L, The angle formed by 13a is larger than the angle formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 when viewed from the Z direction. For example, an axis obtained by projecting the transmission axis 13a of the second polarizing layer 13 on the plane 18 orthogonal to the incident direction of the light L with respect to the second polarizing layer 13 is defined as an axis 18a, and an axis 13b parallel to the Y axis is defined on the plane 18. Assuming that the projected axis is the axis 18b and the angle between the axis 18a and the axis 18b is φ2, the angle formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 when viewed along the traveling direction of the light L Is 2 × φ2. Since φ2 is larger than φ1, the angle (2 × φ2) formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 sensed by the light L traveling obliquely is two polarizing layers when viewed from the Z direction. It becomes larger than the angle (2 × φ1) formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the 12 and 13. In other words, the angle (2 × φ2) formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 when viewed from the traveling direction of the light L traveling obliquely is the two polarizations when viewed from the Z direction. It becomes larger than the angle (2 × φ1) formed by the

transmission axes

12a, 13a of the

layers

12, 13.

Therefore, when the light L is incident obliquely with the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 orthogonal to each other, the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 that intersect at an angle larger than 90 °. In some cases, it may appear that the light is incident on the screen, and sufficient black cannot be displayed in a state where no voltage is applied. In other words, when the light L is incident obliquely with the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 being orthogonal to each other, when viewed from the traveling direction of the light L, it intersects at an angle greater than 90 °. In this case, the light L is incident on the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13, and sufficient black may not be displayed when no voltage is applied. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the angle (2 × φ1) formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 is made smaller than 90 °, and the two

polarizing layers

12 and 12 that the light L traveling obliquely feels is obtained. An angle (2 × φ2) formed by 13

transmission axes

12a and 13a is set to 90 °.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle θ1 of the light L with respect to the first polarizing layer 12 and the angle φ1 when the angle φ1 is optimized so that the angle φ2 is 45 °. The simulation conditions are the same as described above.

As described with reference to FIG. 6, the incident angle θ1 of the light L has an optimum value in the range of 55 ° to 70 °. Within this angle range, the transmittance is high and bright display is possible. According to FIG. 10, when the incident angle θ1 is in the range of 55 ° to 70 °, the optimum value of the angle φ1 is in the range of 37 ° to 41 °. Therefore, the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 are arranged at an angle of 37 ° to 41 ° with respect to the

axes

12b and 13b parallel to the Y axis, and the transmission axes of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 are arranged. If the angle formed by 12a and 13a is not less than 74 ° and not more than 82 °, a bright and high-contrast display is possible.

FIG. 11A is a diagram showing voltage-transmittance characteristics when the angle φ1 is 38 °, and FIG. 11B is a diagram showing voltage-transmittance characteristics when the angle φ1 is 45 °. The simulation conditions are the same as described above. The layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 10 μm.

As shown in FIG. 11A, when the angle φ1 is 38 °, the transmittance in the no-voltage applied state (black display) decreases as the incident angle θ1 increases, and the incident angle θ1 ranges from 55 ° to 70 °. Then, the transmittance when no voltage is applied is approximately 0%. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11B, when the angle φ1 is 45 °, as the incident angle θ1 increases, the transmittance in the voltage-free state increases, and the incident angle θ1 is in the range of 55 ° to 70 °. The transmittance when no voltage is applied is 1.5% to 2%. Therefore, by setting the angle φ1 to an appropriate angle with respect to the obliquely incident light, it is possible to suppress light leakage during black display and realize a display with high contrast.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment, the angle formed by the transmission axes 12a and 13a of the two

polarizing layers

12 and 13 is set to an appropriate angle with respect to the obliquely incident light L. It becomes a liquid crystal display device capable of.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 40 of the fourth embodiment. In the liquid crystal display device 40, components that are the same as those in the liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

The liquid crystal display device 40 is different from the liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment in that a light guide plate 46 in which a scatterer 44 is dispersed inside a transparent substrate 45 is used, and the light guide plates 46 are mutually connected. The plurality of first light sources 5 and the plurality of second light sources 42 are disposed on both the first end surface 46a and the second end surface 46c facing each other, and the color conversion layer 43a is on the + Y side of the first electrode 14 and on the −Y side. It is a point formed so as to project to the side.

As the transparent substrate 45, a substrate having a high transmittance that transmits the first light L1 and the second light L2 emitted from the first light source 5 and the second light source 42, such as acrylic resin or glass, is used. As the scatterer 44, the wavelengths of the first light L1 and the second light L2 (550 nm in the case of white light. When the light is colored light having a light emission peak at a specific wavelength, the peak wavelength of the light emission peak) Larger particle size scatterers are used. For example, silicon-based resin powder having a diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm (Toshiba Silicon, Tospearl 120) is suitable.

The first light L1 and the second light L2 incident on the light guide plate 46 propagate through the inside of the light guide plate 46 while changing the traveling direction little by little by the scatterer 44, and the first main surface 46b ( When the angle of incidence on the first main surface of the transparent substrate 45 becomes smaller than the critical angle, the light is taken out to the external space and emitted toward the liquid crystal panel 41. Therefore, the first light L1 and the second light L2 emitted from the first main surface 46b of the light guide plate 46 are on the light propagation direction side with respect to the normal direction (Z direction) of the first main surface 46b. (In the case of the first light L1, the side going from the first end face 46a to the second end face 46c: + Y side. In the case of the second light L2, the side going from the second end face 46c to the first end face 46a: -Y Light having directivity in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle θ1. The angle θ1 is, for example, 60 °, and the first light L1 and the second light L2 are emitted from the first main surface 46b at an angle of about 60 ° ± 10 °.

The first light source 5 and the second light source 42 are the same as the light source 5 used in the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment. The first light source 5 is arranged in the X direction with the light emitting surface facing the first end surface 46a of the light guide plate 46, and emits the first light L1 toward the first end surface 46a. The second light sources 42 are arranged in the X direction with the light emitting surface facing the second end surface 46c of the light guide plate 46, and emit the second light L2 toward the second end surface 46c. The first light source 5 and the second light source 42 may be a point light source such as an LED or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element, or may be a linear light source such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp; CCFL).

On the second substrate 11, a light shielding layer (black matrix) 43b having an opening 43H corresponding to each display element and a color conversion layer 43a arranged in each opening 43H of the light shielding layer 43b are formed. ing. The color conversion layer 43a is an optical member that converts the first light L1 and the second light L2 that have passed through the liquid crystal layer 15 into light of a different color from the first light L1 and the second light L2, and emits the light. It is. The color conversion layer 43a is formed longer on the + Y side and the −Y side than the first electrode 14 of the display element corresponding to the color conversion layer 43a. In the case of the present embodiment, the color conversion layer 43a is a color filter layer in which a red, green, or blue pigment is dispersed inside the resin, but the color conversion layer 43a includes the first light L1 and the second light. It may be a phosphor layer that emits red, green, or blue light when excited by L2. When a phosphor layer is used as the color conversion layer 43a, the second polarizing layer 13 is an in-cell polarizing layer disposed on the liquid crystal layer side of the color converting layer 43a, or the color converting layer 43a is more than the second polarizing layer 13. A structure disposed on the outside is desirable.

The color conversion layer 43a is disposed so as to cover the entire first electrode 14 when viewed from the Z direction (the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel 41). When the direction in which the emission direction of the first light L1 emitted obliquely from the backlight 49 toward the liquid crystal panel 41 is projected onto a plane orthogonal to the Z direction is defined as the first direction (in this embodiment, the Y direction). The color conversion layer 43a is formed so as to protrude from the first electrode 14 in a direction opposite to the first direction and the first direction when viewed from the Z direction.

In the case of this embodiment, the first light L1 travels in a direction inclined by an angle θ2 on the + Y side with respect to the Z direction. For this reason, the first light L1 transmitted through the first electrode 14 and traveling obliquely in the liquid crystal layer 15 is incident on the color conversion layer 43a of the display element corresponding to the first electrode 14 so that all the colors are incident. The + Y side end of the conversion layer 43a is arranged to be shifted to the + Y side by a length W1 from the + Y side end of the first electrode 14 when viewed from the Z direction. Further, the second light L2 that passes through the first electrode 14 and travels obliquely in the liquid crystal layer 15 is incident on the color conversion layer 43a of the display element corresponding to the first electrode 14 so as to be incident on the color. The end portion on the −Y side of the conversion layer 43a is shifted from the −Y side end portion of the first electrode 14 to the −Y side by a length W2 when viewed from the Z direction.

W1 is, for example, the distance in the Z direction between the first electrode 14 and the color conversion layer 43a being d, and the angle formed by the traveling direction of the first light L1 traveling inside the liquid crystal layer 15 and the Z direction. Assuming that θ2, it is designed to satisfy the relationship of W1 = d · tan θ2. Further, W2 is, for example, the distance in the Z direction between the first electrode 14 and the color conversion layer 43a being d, and the traveling direction of the second light L2 traveling inside the liquid crystal layer 15 and the Z direction. When the angle is θ4, it is designed to satisfy the relationship of W2 = d · tan θ4.

In the liquid crystal display device 40 of the present embodiment, the color conversion layer 43a is formed to protrude on both the + Y side and the −Y side of the first electrode 14. Therefore, the center of the color conversion layer 43a and the center of the first electrode 14 do not deviate greatly. For example, when the center of the color conversion layer 16a is shifted from the center of the first electrode 14 as in the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment, the positioning of the color conversion layer 16a and the first electrode 14 is performed. Is performed based only on the alignment mark, and it is difficult to take a method such as fine adjustment while visually confirming. On the other hand, when the color conversion layer 43a and the first electrode 14 are arranged so that the center of the color conversion layer 43a substantially coincides with the center of the first electrode 14 as in the present embodiment, the positioning of the color conversion layer 43a and the first electrode 14 is performed. This can be performed based on both alignment marks and visual observation, and positioning accuracy is improved.

[Deformation]
In the said embodiment, although the 1st board | substrate 10 and the light-guide plate 4 were prepared as a separate board | substrate, the structure of a liquid crystal display device is not limited to this. For example, the first substrate 10 may be omitted, and the circuit layer, the first polarizing layer 12, the first electrode 14, and the like may be formed directly on the light guide plate 4. In this case, the first polarizing layer 12 may be disposed between the light source 5 and the light guide plate 4, and the first polarizing layer 12 is omitted as long as the polarized light can be emitted from the light source 5. May be.

The aspect of the present invention can be used in the field of liquid crystal display devices.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Liquid crystal display device, 2 ... Liquid crystal panel, 3 ... Back light, 4 ... Light guide plate, 4a ... 1st end surface, 4b ... 1st main surface, 4c ... 2nd end surface, 5 ... 1st light source, 10 ... 1st Substrate, 11 ... second substrate, 12 ... first polarizing layer, 12a ... transmission axis of first polarizing layer, 13 ... second polarizing layer, 13a ... transmission axis of second polarizing layer, 14 ... first electrode, 15 ... Liquid crystal layer, 16a ... color conversion layer, 17 ... second electrode, 30 ... liquid crystal display device, 31 ... liquid crystal panel, 32 ... light distribution control layer, 40 ... liquid crystal display device, 41 ... liquid crystal panel, 42 ... second light source, 43a ... color conversion layer, 44 ... scatterer, 45 ... transparent substrate, 46 ... light guide plate, 46a ... first end surface, 46b ... first main surface, 46c ... second end surface, 49 ... backlight, L1, L2 ... light

Claims

A first electrode;
A second electrode facing the first electrode;
The first electrode is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and is optically isotropic when no voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. A liquid crystal layer that is optically anisotropic in a voltage application state in which a voltage is applied between the electrode and the second electrode;
The first end surface and the first main surface are disposed opposite to the liquid crystal layer, and light incident from the first end surface is propagated in a first direction, and the liquid crystal is transmitted from the first main surface facing the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a light guide plate that emits obliquely toward the layer.
Furthermore, a color conversion layer provided corresponding to the first electrode and converting the light emitted from the first main surface of the light guide plate and passing through the liquid crystal layer obliquely into light of another color Including
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the color conversion layer is formed so as to protrude in the first direction from the first electrode when viewed from the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer.
Furthermore, with a liquid crystal panel,
A backlight that includes the light guide plate and makes the light incident obliquely with respect to the liquid crystal panel;
The liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate on which the first electrode is formed, a second substrate on which the second electrode is formed, and the liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, further comprising: a color conversion layer provided on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer with the second electrode interposed therebetween.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the backlight has a light distribution characteristic such that the intensity of light incident at an angle of 55 ° to 70 ° with respect to the liquid crystal panel is maximized.
The liquid crystal panel includes a first polarizing layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the backlight, and a second polarizing layer provided on the opposite side of the backlight across the liquid crystal layer. ,
The transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer are arranged to cross each other,
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer are arranged in directions that form an angle of less than 45 ° with respect to the first direction, respectively. .
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein an angle formed by the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer is not less than 74 ° and not more than 82 °.
A light distribution control layer that controls light distribution of the light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer is provided so that a direction in which the intensity of light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer is the strongest approaches a layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. Item 7. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of Items 3 to 6.
When the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer in a voltage application state is Δn and the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn and the layer thickness d of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein retardation Δn · d is not less than a wavelength λ of the light.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 8, wherein the light is colored light having an emission peak at a specific wavelength, and the wavelength λ of the light is a peak wavelength of the emission peak.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 8, wherein the light is white light, and the wavelength λ of the light is 550 nm.
The backlight includes a first light source that makes the first light incident on the first end face of the light guide plate, and a second light source that makes the second light incident on the second end face of the light guide plate,
The light guide plate propagates the first light incident from the first end surface in the first direction, and emits the first light obliquely from the first main surface toward the liquid crystal panel, and is incident from the second end surface. Propagating the second light in a direction opposite to the first direction, and emitting obliquely from the first main surface toward the liquid crystal panel,
11. The color conversion layer according to claim 3, wherein the color conversion layer is formed so as to protrude in a direction opposite to the first direction and the first direction with respect to the first electrode when viewed from the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of the above.
The light guide plate is configured such that a scatterer that scatters the first light and the second light is dispersed inside a transparent substrate that transmits the first light and the second light. Item 12. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 1 to 11.