WO2013022351A1 - Machine électrique à densité de couple élevée - Google Patents

Machine électrique à densité de couple élevée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013022351A1
WO2013022351A1 PCT/NO2012/050137 NO2012050137W WO2013022351A1 WO 2013022351 A1 WO2013022351 A1 WO 2013022351A1 NO 2012050137 W NO2012050137 W NO 2012050137W WO 2013022351 A1 WO2013022351 A1 WO 2013022351A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packets
rotor
stator
electrical machine
carrying structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2012/050137
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexey Matveev
Original Assignee
Smartmotor As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smartmotor As filed Critical Smartmotor As
Publication of WO2013022351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013022351A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel design of an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a multi-disk machine is a variant of machines with multiple stators and rotors.
  • WO 2008117631A1 (Shinetsu, 2008) proposes a multi-disk machine for a wind generator.
  • machines can be classified in:
  • the main challenge with the multiple-air-gap radial-flux machines is high radial forces between stator(s) and rotor(s) in case of mutual displacement. There will always be some misalignment due to manufacturing inaccuracies which will result in unbalanced forces. To withstand these unbalanced forces the carrying structure should either be massive or have a special design.
  • the multiple-air-gap machines were often proposed for medium and high-speed applications to increase power and torque density and achieve a more compact design.
  • Slowly rotating electrical machines (speed usually below 100-150 rpm) are characterized by having a large diameter and short axial length. Active parts of such electrical machines form a thin ring at the periphery of the electrical machine.
  • the carrying structure is large and massive compared to the active parts. Its share in total machine weight is often larger than that of the active parts. The design is thus far from optimal and it is desirable to improve it by using more active parts on the same carrying structure, i.e. applying the multiple-air-gap concept.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide an electrical machine based on the use of multiple rotor and stator active parts (the multiple-air-gap concept) and providing the benefits of increased power and torque density and more reliable and lighter carrying structure compared to the existing multiple-air-gap solutions.
  • An electrical machine according to the invention is described in claim 1. Details and preferable features of the electrical machine are described in claims 2-15. Further in this description the word “packets” is used to designate active parts of the electrical machine, conveying magnetic flux and/or electric current and providing energy conversion.
  • a “packet” usually consists of some or all of the following (but not limited to the list): ferromagnetic core (laminated steel, powder core, etc.), winding, squirrel cage, magnets, slot wedges, insulation, slot wedges, composite structure holding the winding.
  • a packet preferably has the shape of a ring or a toroid with a cross-section close to rectangle.
  • a packet can be segmented but its parts are still considered as a one whole (single packet).
  • stator packets two pieces of stator active parts are called separate packets if there is either a rotor packet or a carrying structure between them.
  • a stator packet is considered as a whole thing if there are coils that go through the whole packet, in the axial direction.
  • AF machines a stator packet is considered as a whole thing if there are coils that go through the whole packet, in the radial direction.
  • two pieces of the active parts of the rotor are called separate packets if they are spatially separated or have different flux patterns. By spatial separation is meant that there is either a stator packet or a carrying structure between the rotor packets.
  • flux pattern is meant the direction (path) of the flux inside the active parts. For example, if a rotor packet is interacting with two stator packets the magnetic flux enters/leaves the rotor packet from two sides, and this is one flux pattern. Alternatively, if a rotor packet is interacting with one stator packet the magnetic flux enters/leaves the rotor packet from one side only, and this is another flux pattern.
  • a "carrying structure” is defined as a combination (assembly) of construction elements of the electrical machine that do not convey main currents and magnetic fluxes but transfer mechanical forces and keep active parts in place, including end-shields, shaft, bearings, housing, arms and rings supporting active parts, etc.
  • rod will be used to designate carrying elements (part of the carrying structure), which may also be called “beams” or “bars”, on which the packets are arranged and held.
  • An electrical machine includes at least three stator packets, arranged to a common stationary carrying structure and at least three rotor packets, arranged to a common rotating carrying structure, where each of the rotor packets is electromagnetically interacting with at least one of the stator packets.
  • the structure carrying rotor packets is rotating between the stator packets, having at least one of the stator packets on each side in axial direction and one of the stator packets on its periphery in radial direction.
  • the structure carrying stator packets is surrounded by rotating rotor packets, having at least one of the rotor packets on each side in axial direction and one of the rotor packets on its periphery in radial direction.
  • active parts of the stator and rotor can occupy considerably different space seen in axial section.
  • the stator or rotor packets are long (in axial direction) active parts of the stator or rotor packets arranged on the periphery of the electrical machine, in radial direction thereof.
  • the active parts are supported from both sides (seen in axial direction).
  • stator and rotor packets are fixed on a carrying structure arranged in the middle of the electrical machine (seen in axial section). Such shorter active parts are supported from one side only. The short active parts are arranged on both sides of the carrying structure (seen in axial direction).
  • the electrical machine according to the invention can have certain variations from the above presented:
  • one long stator packet can interact with several shorter rotor packets arranged in the same circumferential plane but having different flux patterns
  • the active parts can have non-magnetic (air- or ironless-) cores, while other active parts can have traditional ferromagnetic cores.
  • Figure 1 is an example of an electrical machine according to the invention with three stator packets and three rotor packets
  • Figure 2 is an example of an electrical machine with more packets arranged in axial direction on the sides of the rotor carrying structure, seen from a radial direction, than in the electrical machine in Figure 1,
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical machine according to the invention having seven stator packets and seven rotor packets
  • Figure 4 is an example of an electrical machine according to the invention where some interacting packets of stator and rotor have predominantly radial flux in the air gap, while other packets have predominantly axial flux in the air gap,
  • Figure 5 is an example of an electrical machine according to the invention where some interacting packets of stator and rotor have predominantly radial flux in the air gap, while other packets have predominantly axial flux in the air gap,
  • Figure 6 is an example of an electrical machine according to the invention where a long rotor packet is arranged at the periphery of the electrical machine
  • Figure 7 is an example of an electrical machine according to the invention where some of the packets are ironless
  • Figure 8 shows various variants of flux patterns for the electrical machine according to the invention.
  • Figures 9a-c show some variants of arrangements of permanent magnets for the electrical machine according to the invention.
  • FIG 1 shows an example of an electrical machine 11 having three stator packets 12a, b and three rotor packets 14a, b according to the invention.
  • the electrical machine 11 is provided with one long outer stator packet 12a, located at the periphery of the electrical machine 11, in radial direction, and two short inner stator packets 12b, located inside the long outer stator packet 12a, closer to a shaft 13.
  • the long outer stator packet 12a and the short inner stator packets 12b are surrounding the short rotor packets 14a from both sides in radial direction. End-windings are designated 16.
  • the rotor packets 14a are arranged in the same circumferential plane and are not separated spatially, but still there are three separate packets 14a, 14b as the flux patterns are different in the packets 14a and 14b.
  • the rotor packet 14b located centrally on the periphery of a rotor carrying structure 15 faces the long stator packet 12a on one side and is fastened to the carrying structure 15 on the other side.
  • the rotor packet 14b located centrally on the periphery of the rotor carrying structure 15 interacts only with the long stator packet 14a.
  • Each of the rotor packets 14a located on the sides of the central packet 14b interact with both the corresponding inner short stator packet 12b and the long outer stator packet 12a.
  • At least some of the rotor packets 14a-14b arranged in the axial direction from the carrying structure 15 are preferably arranged to supporting rods 17, extending in axial direction from the carrying structure 15.
  • the supporting rods 17 can be of non-magnetic material.
  • the supporting rods 17 can have any suitable cross-section, for instance round, hexagonal, square, etc.
  • the electrical machine has thus three air gaps where energy conversion takes place:
  • the electrical machine in Figure 1 also has a carrying structure for the stator formed by rigid elements 18a, 18b, the shaft 13 and suitable bearings 19.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an electrical machine 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which electrical machine 11 are provided with more packets arranged in axial direction on the sides of the rotor carrying structure 15 seen from a radial direction, than in the electrical machine in Figure 1.
  • the electrical machine 11 in this embodiment is provided with five stator packets and five rotor packets.
  • the active parts of the stator includes one long outer stator packet 12a, arranged at the periphery of the electrical machine 11, in radial direction, and four short inner stator packets 12b and 12c, arranged inside the long outer stator packet 12a, closer to the shaft 13, forming three concentric layers:
  • a second layer is formed by two short inner stator packets 12c,
  • a third layer is formed by two short inner stator packet 12b, arranged closest to the shaft 13.
  • the active parts of the rotor consist of five packets 14a, 14b and 14c, forming two concentric layers:
  • a first layer is formed by three short rotor packets 14a and 14b, forming a surface towards the long outer stator packet 12a, where the central rotor packet 14b is arranged on the periphery of the rotor carrying structure 15 and arranged between the two rotor packets 14a extending in axial direction,
  • a second layer is formed by two short inner rotor packets 14c, arranged closest to the shaft 13.
  • stator packet 12a of the first stator layer and the stator packets 12c of the concentric second stator layer surround the short rotor packets 14a of the first rotor layer from both sides in radial direction and interact with them.
  • the stator packets 12c of the concentric second stator layer and the stator packets 12b of third concentric stator layer surround the short rotor packets 14c of the second rotor layer from both sides in radial direction and interact with them.
  • the second stator layer are at least some of the stator packets 12c arranged in the axial direction from the rotor carrying structure 15 preferably arranged to a supporting rod 20, extending in axial direction from the rotor carrying structure 15.
  • stator packets For example, as shown in Figure 3 there are seven stator packets and seven rotor packets.
  • the number of the concentric layers of active parts which can be added for increasing torque production is limited by optimal torque per weight and cost per torque ratios.
  • Each new concentric layer will have lower radius (i.e. arm for torque production) and circumferential length, and therefore the effect from adding a new layer will be lower and lower. It is an optimal number of layers for each electric machine, given its specification and desirable performance indicators.
  • An alternative which is not shown in the figures, is an electrical machine having rotor packets as the packets closest to the shaft 13 in radial direction, while still having a long stator packet on the periphery of the electrical machine. The number of stator packets would then be two less than shown in Figures 1-3, where the innermost stator packet is taken away. The number of rotor packets would be the same.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of an electrical machine according to a third embodiment according to the invention, where some interacting packets of the stator 12a and rotor 14b have predominantly radial flux in the air gap, while other packets 12d, 14d have predominantly axial flux in the air gap.
  • the rotor packets 14d and stator packets 12d are arranged with their extension in axial direction of the rotor carrying structure 15. Such a machine is easier in assembly than the ones in Figures 1-3 but more challenging in production of the packets with axial flux direction.
  • a combination of radial-flux and axial-flux active parts is advantageous.
  • the interacting packets with axial flux can compensate for the gravity force acting on the rotor.
  • FIG. 5 shows another example of an electrical machine according to a fourth embodiment, where some interacting packets of stator 12a, 12b, 12c and rotor 14a, 14b, 14c have predominantly radial flux in the air gap, while others packets 12d and 14d have predominantly axial flux in the air gap.
  • the rotor packet 14d and stator packet 12d are arranged with their extension in axial direction of the rotor carrying structure 15.
  • the electrical machines had inner rotor and outer stator designs. However, in certain applications outer rotor designs are preferable. In for example integration of an electrical machine into a winch drum, outer rotor design is required.
  • Figure 6 shows another example of an electrical machine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention having an inner stator carrying structure 18 and an outer rotor carrying structure 15a-b, where a long rotor packet 14b is arranged at the periphery of the electrical machine.
  • the innermost packets are stator packets 12b.
  • An alternative embodiment to this would be an electrical machine where the innermost packets are rotor packets, having two stator packets less than the electrical machine in Figure 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows another example of an electrical machine according to a sixth embodiment of the invention where some of the stator packets 12e are ironless, i.e. have non-ferromagnetic cores.
  • the advantage with such an electrical machine is that it will not experience axial forces on the rotor in case of axial misalignment.
  • Figures 8a-e shows various variants of flux patterns 21. There can of course be more variants which are suitable.
  • stator and rotor packets can have various designs and the interaction between the stator and rotor packets can accordingly be like in standard electrical machines of various types.
  • stator and rotor packets can be like in permanent magnet synchronous, flux-switching permanent magnet, switched reluctance, induction machine or any other type of electrical machine.
  • the packets can be of different types, for example, one packet pair - induction machine, other packet pair - permanent magnet or switched reluctance.
  • stator and rotor packets arranged in axial direction from the internal carrying structure, be arranged to the carrying structures and supported by rods, extending in axial direction from the carrying structures.
  • the rods 17, 20 can, for example, be of non-magnetic material.
  • the rods 17, 20 can have any suitable cross-section, for instance round, hexagonal, square, etc.
  • the packets can alternatively be supported by other means than the rods.
  • Figure 9a shows packet segments where magnets 22 are moulded in composite material 23. There is no ferromagnetic material used. The packet segments are arranged on rods 17 having a round cross-section. Each packet segment is one magnetic pole.
  • Figures 9b and 9c show segments where magnets 22 and laminated iron 24 are moulded in composite material 23.
  • the magnet array consists of small pieces to reduce eddy-current losses.
  • the segments are arranged on rods 17 having a hexagonal cross-section. Each packet segment is one magnetic pole.
  • the proposed concept can be modified by adding slip-rings, additional outer carrying structure and arranging the stator to rotate in opposite direction of the rotor. Accordingly, the rotor and the stator are connected to two different contra-rotating shafts.
  • the packets of stator and/or rotor can be segmented for easier production, transportation and assembly.
  • the packets can be displaced in tangential direction by a certain angle to reduce cogging.
  • the proposed electrical machine can be gas-cooled, liquid cooled or use combined cooling. Forces and natural cooling can also be applied.
  • the packets can be fed and controlled from separate power electronics converters. This can be advantageous for cogging torque reduction, redundancy, etc.
  • the packets of stator can be connected to separate power electronics converters, for example AC/DC or AC-AC, with considerably different voltage potentials.
  • Such separate converters can be connected in series on their DC link sides forming high-voltage DC output from a system wherein electrical machines according to the invention are arranged.
  • stator or rotor carrying structure can be made of materials not conducting electric currents and/or non-magnetic materials.
  • stator or rotor packets extending in axial direction, from the rotor carrying structure or stator carrying structure can be arranged to the rotor carrying structure or stator carrying structure supported by annual rings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une machine électrique (11) comprenant au moins trois paquets de stators (12a-e) agencés sur une structure commune de support de stator et au moins trois paquets de rotors (14a-d) agencés sur une structure commune de support de rotor, chacun des paquets de rotors (14a-d) étant en interaction électromagnétique avec au moins l'un des paquets de stators (12a-e), où : - soit une structure de support de rotor interne (15) et des paquets de rotors (14a-d) tournent entre une structure de support de stator externe (18a-b) et les paquets de stators (12a-e), et où au moins l'un des paquets de stators (12b-e) est agencé sur chaque côté de la structure de support de rotor (15), dans une direction axiale, et où l'un des paquets de stators (12a) est agencé à la périphérie, dans une direction radiale, de la machine électrique (11), - soit une structure de support de stator interne (18) et des paquets de stators (12a-e) sont entourés par une structure de support de rotor externe rotative (15a-b) et des paquets de rotors (14a-d), où au moins l'un des paquets de rotors (14a-d) est agencé sur chaque côté de la structure de support de rotor (15a-b), dans une direction axiale, et l'un des paquets de rotors (14a-d) est agencé à la périphérie, dans une direction radiale, de la machine électrique (11).
PCT/NO2012/050137 2011-08-08 2012-07-13 Machine électrique à densité de couple élevée WO2013022351A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20111103 2011-08-08
NO20111103A NO333170B1 (no) 2011-08-08 2011-08-08 Elektrisk maskin med høy momenttetthet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013022351A1 true WO2013022351A1 (fr) 2013-02-14

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PCT/NO2012/050137 WO2013022351A1 (fr) 2011-08-08 2012-07-13 Machine électrique à densité de couple élevée

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NO (1) NO333170B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013022351A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013225238A1 (de) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromotor
WO2021071997A1 (fr) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-15 Neapco Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc Moteur électrique supporté par lubrifiant
US11482894B2 (en) 2020-10-15 2022-10-25 Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. Electric machine with combined axial- and radial-flux

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1031077B (de) * 1954-12-31 1958-05-29 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Selbsttaetige Steuervorrichtung fuer Antriebseinrichtungen, insbesondere fuer Naehmaschinen
DE19712306A1 (de) * 1997-03-24 1998-10-08 Warzog Erich Verfahren für einen doppelseitig wirkenden Elektrogenerator bzw. Motor
US5952756A (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-09-14 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Permanent magnet energy conversion machine with magnet mounting arrangement

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LV11401B (en) * 1995-12-14 1996-08-20 Ostapenko Jevgenijs Axle inductor generator
DE102007021720B4 (de) * 2007-05-09 2014-01-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verdichtersystem für den Unterwassereinsatz im Offshore-Bereich

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1031077B (de) * 1954-12-31 1958-05-29 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Selbsttaetige Steuervorrichtung fuer Antriebseinrichtungen, insbesondere fuer Naehmaschinen
DE19712306A1 (de) * 1997-03-24 1998-10-08 Warzog Erich Verfahren für einen doppelseitig wirkenden Elektrogenerator bzw. Motor
US5952756A (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-09-14 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Permanent magnet energy conversion machine with magnet mounting arrangement

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013225238A1 (de) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromotor
WO2021071997A1 (fr) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-15 Neapco Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc Moteur électrique supporté par lubrifiant
US11641139B2 (en) 2019-10-08 2023-05-02 Neapco Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc Lubricant supported electric motor
US11482894B2 (en) 2020-10-15 2022-10-25 Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. Electric machine with combined axial- and radial-flux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO333170B1 (no) 2013-03-25
NO20111103A1 (no) 2013-02-11

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