WO2013020418A1

WO2013020418A1 - Safe utilization method for cadmium-polluted farmland

Info

Publication number: WO2013020418A1
Application number: PCT/CN2012/077310
Authority: WO
Inventors: 魏树和; 牛荣成; 周启星; 詹杰
Original assignee: 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
Priority date: 2011-08-10
Filing date: 2012-06-21
Publication date: 2013-02-14
Also published as: CN102349428A

Abstract

A safe utilization method for rice in a cadmium-polluted farmland comprises planting rice in the cadmium-polluted paddy field, and screening rejection-type rice varieties by using a cadmium limiting value of non-polluted rice specified in NY5115-2008, so as to obtain rice that can be safely produced in the cadmium-polluted paddy field.

Description

Method for safely utilizing cadmium contaminated farmland

The invention relates to a rice safety production technology for cadmium contaminated paddy fields, in particular to a safe utilization method of cadmium contaminated farmland. Background technique

The farmland soil distributed in the urban-rural fringe is facing increasingly serious environmental problems. Among them, heavy metal pollution in paddy soil is also very serious, especially industrial wastewater irrigation. These heavy metals can easily enter the human body through the food chain, which poses a great threat to human health (Research 1 : Shi Rongguang, Zhao Yujie, Peng Shengyu, et al. Soil-crop cadmium accumulation and health risk analysis under different land use types [J] Resources Science. 2008, 30(12): 1904-1910.; Literature 2: Bai Lingyu, Zeng Xibai, Li Lianfang, et al. Influence of different agricultural utilization methods on soil heavy metal accumulation and its causes [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science. 2010, 43(1): 96-104. ). Studies have shown that Cd entering the human body can bind to high molecular organic compounds containing hydroxyl, amino and sulfhydryl groups, which inhibits many enzyme systems and affects the normal functions of organs such as liver and kidney. In addition, Cd can also damage the renal tubules, leading to diabetes, proteinuria, and amino aciduria, and increase the output of urinary calcium and uric acid, causing renal insufficiency. Long-term consumption of cadmium-containing foods may affect the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, cause pathological changes in the internal organs such as kidney, lung, liver, etc., and induce diseases such as osteoporosis, rickets and kidney stones, and may also cause "bone pain" (Ref. 3) : Kondo K. Incidence ofminamata disease in communities along the Agano river, Niigata, Japan-pattern of the exposure and official diagnosis of patients [J]. Nippon Eisegaku Zasshi. 1996, 51599-611.

In view of China's actual national conditions, it is obviously unrealistic to stop long-term phytoremediation or other costly engineering repairs by stopping a large area of lightly polluted farmland. Screening and cultivating crops or crop varieties with low-absorption, low-accumulation soil heavy metal characteristics provides a new way to solve this problem. Studies have shown that: plants exhibit significant intra-species differences in the ability to absorb and enrich heavy metals. Using plant-to-intra-species differences in heavy metal absorption, safe screening can be achieved in medium-light heavy metal contaminated soils by screening heavy metal low-accumulation varieties. The goal. Li et al. (Document 4: Li YM, Chaney RL, Schneiter AA, et al. Genotypic variation in kernel cadmium concentration in vase germplasm under varying soil-conditions [J] . Crop Science. 1995, 35(1): 137- 141.) Nine major commercial hybrid sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) were planted in non-heavy metal contaminated areas in North Dakota and Minnesota, USA, and there was a significant difference in grain Cd content between 0.79 and 1.17 mg/kg. Planted in heavy metal contaminated soil, the accumulation of Cd in 13 rapeseed (B. juncea) varieties was significantly different, and the difference between the highest and lowest content in the upper part was about 18 times (Reference 5: Wang Jiqing, Liu Bo, Su Dechun. Screening [J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei. 2003, 26(1): 13-16.). Zeng Xiang et al. (Reference 6: Zeng Xiang, Zhang Yucan, Wang Kairong. Differences in cadmium content in brown rice from different varieties[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2006, (1): 67-69.) The differences in cadmium content among 46 types of rice brown rice from 7 types were studied. The results showed that the cadmium content of brown rice in different rice varieties was significantly different. When the soil cadmium content was 2 mg/kg, the cadmium content of 46 rice brown rice varied from 0.428 to 2.558 mg/kg. The cadmium content of seven types of rice brown rice from high to low is special rice, conventional early indica rice, three-line late rice, two-line late rice, conventional late japonica rice, conventional japonica rice and Xenopus laevis rice. It can be seen that in the moderately mild heavy metal contaminated soil, the heavy metal content of the edible parts of these crops or crop varieties is lower than the maximum allowable value of national food safety standards, thereby ensuring the safe production of agricultural products. Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for safely utilizing cadmium contaminated farmland.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

A method for safely utilizing rice in cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: Planting rice into cadmium-contaminated paddy fields, screening cadmium-restricted rice varieties with standard cadmium-free rice varieties (NY 5115-2008) to obtain cadmium Safely produced rice in polluted paddy fields.

The rice varieties planted are Fuhe 66, Tianfu 20, Shendao 7, Shendao 6, Yuanfeng 6, Tianfu 1, FZ18, Fuhe 6, Yuanshi Dasui, Yanfeng 47, Yuan Feng Wei, Shendao No. 1, Shennong 2100, Shennong 315, Fuhe 70, Shendao 2, Liaojing, Kailuan No. 1, Fuhe 90, Shennong 9014, Shendao 3, Liaoyou 5273, Liaohejing, Liaoxing 15, Liaoxing 11, Liaokai 79, Liaoyou 1052, Liaoxing 18, Liaojing 534, Liaoyou 2006, Fengyou 505, Liaojing 454, Liaojing No. 9, Liaoyou 548, Liaoxing 13, Liaojing 294, Upland Rice 403, Shenxiangyu, Liaojing 371, Liaoxing 19, Liaoxing No.1, Liaoxing 20, Shendao 4, Shendao 5, Liaojing 207, Qiuguang, Liaoxing 17 or Pearl number 2.

The cadmium-discriminating rice varieties are Shendao 4 and Shendao 5, and the cadmium-accumulating rice varieties are Liaojing 207, Qiuguang, Liaoxing 17, and Zhenji No. 2.

Cadmium-removed rice varieties Shendao 4 and Shendao 5 were planted in cadmium-contaminated paddy fields to achieve safe soil production.

The invention has the advantages that the invention utilizes the rice cadmium rejection type to realize the normal growth of rice in the middle and low level cadmium contaminated paddy fields, and the cadmium content in the rice meets the cadmium limit value of the pollution-free rice (NY 5115-2008) of the agricultural industry standard of China. In addition, these varieties are all certified varieties, with high rice yield and good quality, which do not affect normal agricultural production. detailed description

Example Screening of Cadmium Low Accumulation Rice Varieties

1 . Design

Based on rice varieties in Shenyang rice area, 49 varieties of rice were collected through the purchase in Shenyang seed market. These varieties are: Fuhe 66, Tianfu 20, Shendao 7, Shendao 6, Yuanfeng No. 6, Tianfu No. 1, FZ18, Fuhe No. 6, Yuanshi Dasui, Yanfeng 47, Yuanfengyu, Shendao No. 1, Shennong 2100, Shennong 315, Fuhe 70, Shendao 2, Liao糯, Kailuan No. 1, Fuhe 90, Shennong 9014, Shendao 3, Liaoyou 5273, Liaohejing, Liaoxing 15, Liaoxing 11, Liaokai 79, Liaoyou 1052, Liaoxing 18, Liaojing 534 , Liaoyou 2006, Fengyou 505, Liaojing 454, Liaojing No. 9, Liaoyou 548, Liaoxing 13, Liaojing 294, Upland Rice 403, Shenxiangyu, Liaojing 371, Liaoxing 19, Liaoxing No.1, Liao Star 20, Shendao No. 4, Shendao No. 5, Liaojing 207, Qiuguang, Liaoxing 17, Pearl No. 2.

The experiment was carried out in the network of the Shenyang Ecological Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The soil samples were collected from the surface soil of the farmland of the Shenyang Ecological Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. According to the status of cadmium pollution in paddy field in Zhangshi Irrigation District of Shenyang, two cadmium pollution levels were designed. The test was carried out by potting method, 2.5 kg per pot. The specific design is as follows:

Cd pollution level: Treatment 1: Control (no cadmium added)

Treatment 2: 2.5 mg/kg

Treatment three: 5mg/kg

In the normal growth period of rice in Daejeon, 5 seedlings were transplanted per pot. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Tap water during growth Watering, applying ammonium sulfate 3 times, 5 grams per pot.

2. Sample analysis

The plant samples harvested after the rice is matured are used for the determination of the heavy metal content in the shoots. The rest are divided into four parts: root, stem, leaf and fruit, which are washed thoroughly with tap water, then rinsed with deionized water to remove water. It was killed at 105 ° C for 30 min and then baked in an oven at 70 ° C to constant weight. The dried plant samples are crushed and sieved for use, and the soil samples are air-dried and passed through a 100 mesh sieve for use. Plant and soil samples were digested by HN0 ₃ -HC10 ₄ method (the ratio of the two was 3:1), and the content of Cd was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was Hitachi 180-80, the absorption wavelength of cadmium. Is 228.8. The basic physical and chemical properties such as the organic matter content of the soil are determined by a conventional measurement method.

3. Data statistics

The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0, and differential significance tests were performed using Duncan's new complex range test (p < 0.05).

4. Results

The cadmium content in rice of each variety was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results are shown in Table 1. According to China's agricultural industry standard pollution-free rice (NY 5115-2008) cadmium limit value of 0.2 mg / kg. It can be seen that when the cadmium application rate is 2.5 mg / kg, the cadmium content in rice is less than 0.2 mg / Kg, only Liaoxing 20, Shendao 4, Shendao 5, 3 varieties, when the cadmium dosage level is 5.0 mg / kg, Shendao 4, Shendao 5 rice cadmium content is also the lowest, only 0.31 , 0.40 mg / kg, but Liao Xing 20 is as high as 1.18 mg / kg. Therefore, two varieties of Shendao 4 and Shendao 5 can be considered as cadmium-disregulated varieties, and the accumulation of cadmium by Liaoxing 20 is relatively unstable. When the cadmium content is increased, it may increase too much. When the cadmium dosage level was 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg, Liaojing 207, Qiuguang, Liaoxing 17, and Zhenji 2 had the highest cadmium content, which were 0.80-1.47 mg/kg and 0.99-1.79 mg, respectively. /kg, can be considered as a high accumulation of cadmium.

Table 1 Cadmium content of various varieties of rice (mg/kg)

18 Fu Wo 70 0.02 0.37 0.43

19 Shendao 2 No. 0.07 0.37 0.53

20 Liaoru 0.05 0.47 0.92

21 Shendao No. 5 0.06 0.18 0.40

22 Kailuan No. 1 0.04 0.42 0.66

23 Fu Wo 90 0.06 0.35 0.90

24 Shennong 9014 0.05 0.47 1.06

25 Liaojing 207 0.10 1.47 1.79

26 Shendao No. 3 0.09 0.52 0.71

27 Liaoyou 5273 0.10 0.57 0.79

28 Liaohejing 0.12 0.32 0.66

29 Autumn Light 0.16 0.80 0.99

30 Liaoxing 15 0.19 0.62 0.83

31 Liaoxing 17 0.18 0.87 1.21

32 Liaoxing 11 0.18 0.54 0.84

33 Liaokai 79 0.17 0.42 0.81

34 Liaoyou 1052 0.22 0.41 0.66

35 Liaoxing 18 0.21 0.65 0.75

36 Liaojing 534 0.25 0.74 0.97

37 Liaoyou 2006 0.24 0.59 0.69

38 Fengyou 505 0.17 0.36 0.45

39 Liaojing 454 0.19 0.45 0.81

40 Liaojing No. 9 0.17 0.33 1.31

41 Liaoyou 548 0.17 0.52 1.01

42 Liaoxing 13 0.15 0.49 0.55

43 Liaojing 294 0.15 0.34 0.49

44 Upland rice 403 0.15 0.54 0.82

45 Agarwood 糯 0.16 0.51 0.85

46 Pearl 2 No. 0.17 0.84 1.23

47 Liaojing 371 0.15 0.36 0.44

48 Liaoxing 19 0.21 0.40 0.61

49 Liaoxing 1st 0.21 0.47 1.33

Claims

Claim

A safe use method for cadmium-contaminated farmland, characterized in that: rice is planted in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field, and the rice cadmium-removed rice variety is screened according to the standard pollution-free rice cadmium limit value, so that the cadmium-contaminated farmland can be obtained. Medium-safe production of rice.

2. The method for safely utilizing cadmium-contaminated farmland according to claim 1, wherein: said planting rice varieties are Fuhe 66, Tianfu 20, Shendao 7, Shendao 6, Yuanfeng 6, Tianfu No.1, FZ18, Fuhe No.6, Yuanshi Dasui, Yanfeng 47, Yuanfengyu, Shendao No.1, Shennong 2100, Shennong 315, Fuhe 70, Shendao 2, Liaojing, Kai粳1, Fuhe 90, Shennong 9014, Shendao 3, Liaoyou 5273, Liaohejing, Liaoxing 15, Liaoxing 11, Liaokai 79, Liaoyou 1052, Liaoxing 18, Liaojing 534, Liaoyou 2006, Fengyou 505, Liaojing 454, Liaojing No. 9, Liaoyou 548, Liaoxing 13, Liaojing 294, Upland Rice 403, Shenxiangyu, Liaojing 371, Liaoxing 19, Liaoxing No.1, Liaoxing 20, Shendao No. 4, Shendao No. 5, Liaojing 207, Qiuguang, Liaoxing 17 or Pearl No. 2.

3. The method for safely utilizing cadmium-contaminated farmland according to claim 2, wherein: the cadmium-disregulated rice varieties are Shendao 4 and Shendao 5, and the cadmium-accumulated rice variety is Liaojing 207, Qiuguang , Liaoxing 17, Zhenji No. 2.

4. The method for safely utilizing cadmium-contaminated farmland according to claim 3, characterized in that: cadmium-discriminating rice varieties Shendao 4 and Shendao 5 are planted in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field, thereby achieving the purpose of safe production of contaminated soil.