WO2013017439A1 - Desorber for an air conditioning device - Google Patents
Desorber for an air conditioning device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013017439A1 WO2013017439A1 PCT/EP2012/064272 EP2012064272W WO2013017439A1 WO 2013017439 A1 WO2013017439 A1 WO 2013017439A1 EP 2012064272 W EP2012064272 W EP 2012064272W WO 2013017439 A1 WO2013017439 A1 WO 2013017439A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- desorber
- housing
- heat exchanger
- fluid
- air conditioning
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
- B60H1/00342—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-liquid type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
- B60H1/32011—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption using absorption, e.g. using Li-Br and water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B33/00—Boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioning device by absorption. It relates more particularly to the desorber of such an air conditioning device.
- the invention also relates to a motor vehicle, equipped with such an improved absorption air conditioning device.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an absorption air conditioning device adapted to motor vehicles, which is improved in its operation with respect to known air conditioning or absorption cooling devices of the prior art.
- an object of the present invention is to provide such an absorption air conditioning device that allows to offer the same performance with a reduced volume compared to the devices of the prior art.
- a desorber for an air conditioning device by absorption in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing in which are housed one or more components of the desorber, among which a heat exchanger, a mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant fluid being introduced into the casing, in contact with the heat exchanger (7), characterized in that the distribution system of the mixture of absorbing fluids and refrigerant is integrated in the upper wall of the housing forms a distribution system of the mixture of absorbent fluids.
- integrated is meant that the upper wall itself constitutes this distribution system or an attached distribution system is fixed inside the upper wall of the housing.
- this distribution system is supported on the heat exchanger housed in the housing, so that the rigidity of the housing is increased.
- the support must not be punctual or localized in a limited area but instead be performed in a large number of points to balance the loads on the entire upper face of the heat exchanger.
- the dispensing system is constituted by a plurality of grooves forming channels defined in said upper wall, the bottom of these channels (1 1 1) having holes to allow flow in the casing of the fluids present in the channels.
- these channels are shaped to form a corrugated structure reinforcing the rigidity of the housing.
- the heat exchanger comprises exchange plates extending vertically, and said channel grooves are oriented parallel to the upper edges of these exchange plates.
- said grooves forming channels are oriented in the direction of flow of the steam produced in the desorber, to facilitate this flow.
- the desorber further comprises a cover placed above the upper wall of the casing, to form a fluid reservoir between the cover and the upper wall.
- the casing has moreover at least one of these other walls in direct or indirect support against the heat exchanger, which further enhances the rigidity of the casing.
- a spacer can be placed between at least one side face of the heat exchanger and the corresponding wall of the housing, said spacer being preferably formed by a folded plate of the same material as the heat exchanger .
- the bottom wall of the housing may have a plurality of ribs in contact with the heat exchanger, these ribs being preferably oriented in the direction of flow of the fluid after it passes into contact with the heat exchanger. exchanger.
- the present invention also relates to an air conditioning device for absorption, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a desorber as described above, and a motor vehicle comprising such an air conditioning device.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the principle of operation of an air conditioning device by absorption
- Figure 2 shows schematically the functional circuit of an air conditioning device by absorption
- FIG. 3 shows, schematically, the desorber of an air conditioning device by absorption
- FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a desorber according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a partial section of the desorber of Figure 4, showing the top thereof;
- Figure 6 is a partial section of the desorber of Figure 4, showing the bottom thereof;
- FIG 7 shows the heat exchanger of the desorber of Figure 4.
- Figure 8 shows a plate of a heat exchanger of a desorber according to another possible embodiment of the invention.
- An absorption air conditioning device implements a double fluid circuit, one carrying a refrigerant fluid, for example water, and the other an absorbent fluid, for example a lithium bromide salt solution. (LiBr). These two fluids are miscible, and part of the circuits is common to both circuits and carries a mixture of coolant and absorbent fluids.
- a refrigerant fluid for example water
- an absorbent fluid for example a lithium bromide salt solution. (LiBr).
- Figure 1 shows schematically the constituent elements and the operating principle of an air conditioning device by absorption. It includes a element in which the desorption is carried out, designated “desorber” 100 in the rest of the text, a condenser 200, an evaporator 300 and an absorber 400.
- the desorber 100 and the absorber 400 are filled with a mixture of at least two miscible substances formed by the coolant and the absorbent fluid. This mixture is combined in the absorber 400, wherein the absorbent fluid absorbs the coolant.
- the refrigerant and the absorbent fluid have sufficiently different evaporation pressures so that, when the mixture is heated in the desorber 100, the refrigerant fluid, more volatile, evaporates, allowing the separation of the two fluids.
- the heat necessary for this separation can advantageously be provided to the desorber by the engine coolant of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant in the form of steam is then fed through the pipe 20 in the condenser 200 to be condensed by the cooling action of the outside air (cooling contribution schematically illustrated by the arrow B).
- the coolant in the liquid phase is then fed through the pipe 10 to the evaporator 300.
- the cold produced during the evaporation of this refrigerant fluid is transmitted to the passenger compartment of the vehicle (not shown), as schematically illustrated. by the arrow C.
- a pump 310 and a heater 320 which are connected to the evaporator 300 by the pipes 1 1, 12 and 13.
- the coolant vapor leaving the evaporator 300 is fed into the absorber 400 through the conduit 21 which is formed by the envelope of the absorber / evaporator assembly.
- the absorbent fluid which has been cooled by external air in the saline solution circuit (cooling supply schematically illustrated by the arrow D), then absorbs this water vapor to reform the mixture.
- the saline solution circuit is formed by a pump 410 and a radiator 420, which are connected to the absorber 400 by the pipes 16, 17, 18 and 19.
- the absorber 400 is connected to the desorber 100 through the pipes. 14, 15 and 16.
- Figure 2 shows the functional circuit of an absorption air conditioning to which the present invention can be applied.
- it is an absorption machine that uses the LiBr-water pair (lithium bromide as absorbent fluid and water as coolant).
- references 100 and 200 respectively denote the desorber and the coolant condenser.
- the references 320 and 420 respectively denote the coolant heater and the radiator of the absorbent fluid.
- the references 310 and 410 respectively denote the coolant circuit pump and the pump of the absorbent fluid circuit.
- References 350 and 450 respectively denote the refrigerant reserve and the absorbent fluid reserve.
- the references 62 and 63 designate check valves, and the reference 20 designates the pipe bringing the water vapor of the desorber 100 to the condenser 200.
- the reference 500 designates an assembly that combines the absorber and the evaporator of the air conditioning device by absorption.
- this evaporator / absorber assembly traversed by a flow of refrigerant fluid and an absorbent fluid flow, a part of the refrigerant fluid is evaporated, and this evaporation reaction, endothermic, has the effect of cooling the flow of refrigerant remaining.
- the vapor produced is directly absorbed by the flow of absorbent fluid.
- the heat produced by the exothermic absorption reaction is removed by the flow of absorbent fluid circulating in the block.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the desorber 100.
- This desorber 100 consists of a casing 1 10 in which an inlet 14 is opened for the mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant, an outlet 15 for the absorbent fluid, and a pipe 20 for discharging the refrigerant in the form of steam, leading to the condenser 200.
- a hot fluid for example the coolant from the engine of the vehicle.
- the mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant arriving through the inlet 14 is heated in contact with the exchanger 7, which causes evaporation of the refrigerant.
- the absorbent fluid is recovered at the bottom of the casing 1 10 and out of the desorber 100 by the outlet 15. This operation is the desorption.
- the casing 1 10 of the desorber 100 must withstand the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the desorber.
- the pressure inside this casing 1 10 corresponds ideally to the saturation vapor pressure of the refrigerant.
- the interior of the desorber 100 has a pressure of the order of 2 to 300 mbar. This pressure much lower than the external ambient pressure thus exerts on the casing 1 10 a force from the outside to the inside that can be up to 1 kg per cm 2 . For example, on a face of 15 cm by 25 cm of this housing 1 10, or 375 cm 2 , this effort can reach 375 kg.
- Such a force can cause significant deformations on a housing made of flexible materials, for example plastic or aluminum. It is possible to manufacture a casing 1 10 having a sufficient thickness to resist these forces, or having reinforcing ribs allowing it to have sufficient rigidity.
- these solutions have the disadvantage of increasing the volume and the weight of the desorber 100, and therefore the air conditioning system, to increase the amount of material needed to manufacture the casing 1 10 and to make its shape more complex, which increases its cost price.
- Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a desorber 100 according to one embodiment of the invention, which avoids these disadvantages of the prior art.
- Figures 5 and 6 are partial sections of this desorber, showing respectively the top and the bottom thereof.
- Figure 7 shows some of the elements of this desorber.
- This desorber 100 comprises a housing 1 10 having a generally parallelepipedal shape whose longitudinal and transverse sections are rhombic.
- the casing side walls 1 10 are vertical, the lower and upper walls of this casing 1 10 are inclined relative to the horizontal, which makes it possible to promote the flow of liquid on the bottom wall and the gas along the upper wall.
- the casing 1 10 is open on one of its faces to allow mounting of the desorber elements.
- a cover 120 makes it possible to close this opening of the casing 1 10.
- a heat exchanger 7 is placed inside the casing 1 10.
- This exchanger 7, which is shown without the casing in FIG. 7, consists of a plurality of exchange plates 71, extending vertically and in the direction of the length of the housing 1 10.
- the plates 71 are positioned parallel to each other, separated from each other by spacers 72 formed by thin sheets folded crenel. Each spacer thus forms a plurality of walls extending vertically and parallel to the plates 71, which allow gravity flow of the liquid to be heated along the plates 71.
- Each of the exchange plates 71 comprises a plurality of substantially horizontal conduits 75 which are traversed by a hot fluid, for example the coolant from the vehicle engine.
- a distribution box 74 is placed at one end of the exchanger 7, and the cover 120 whose inner face forms the distribution box 121 is assembled at the other end of the exchanger 7. The inlet and the outlet of the hot fluid into the desorber is through this distribution box 121.
- the distribution system of the mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant on the exchanger 7 is relatively complex to achieve: this system must indeed evenly distribute a low mixing rate (about 30 to 300 L / h, for example, for a cooling device 6 kW of cooling capacity) on the exchanger 7, so that the exchange plates 71 of this exchanger 7 are fully wetted.
- the correct positioning of the dispensing system relative to the exchanger 7 is important.
- this distribution system must not hinder the evacuation of the gas generated by the evaporation of the refrigerant.
- the distribution system of the mixture on the exchanger 7 is formed in the upper wall of the housing 1 10.
- grooves 1 1 1 forming channels are formed in this upper wall, and extend in the direction of the length of the casing 1 10 so as to be parallel to the upper edges of the exchange plates 71. This orientation of the grooves 1 1 1 allows them not to hinder the flow of refrigerant vapor to the opening 20.
- each of these channel grooves 1 1 1 is supported, over its entire length, on the upper edge of one of the plates 71.
- the upper wall of the casing 1 10 is stiffened by the grooves 1 January 1 and is also reinforced by its support on the plates 71, which opposes the deformation of this wall inwardly.
- a cover 130 covers the portion of the upper wall of the casing 1 10 where are formed the grooves 1 1 1 so as to form a reservoir between the upper wall and the cover 130.
- the arrival 14 of mixture is made through this cover 130, so that this mixture fills the reservoir thus formed, and thus the channels formed by the grooves January 1.
- Holes 1 12 are drilled at the bottom of each of the channels formed by the channels 1 January 1, and distributed so as to allow the flow of the mixture on the plates 71.
- the number, the position and the diameter of these holes are chosen so that, during the normal operation of the air conditioning device, the mixing flow arriving in the desorber 100 is uniformly distributed on the plates 71.
- the cover 130 has, on its lower wall, a number of spacers bearing on the upper wall of the housing 1 10, which is itself reinforced by the presence of the grooves 1 1 1 and its support on the plates 71 of the exchanger 7.
- spacers 73 formed of sheets folded crenellated, are placed against the plates 71 which form the sides of the exchanger 7.
- the presence of these spacers 73 makes it possible to fill the space existing between the edges of the exchanger 7 and the side walls of the casing 1 10, without hindering the flow of fluids on the outside face of the plates 71 which form the sides of the exchanger 7.
- the distance between the top of the ribs 1 1 3 and the bottom of the channel grooves 1 1 1 may be slightly greater than the height of the exchanger 7, to provide a set of mounting.
- the very low pressure inside this desorber causes a small deformation of the walls of the casing 1 10 until these walls come into contact with the exchanger 7. contact then makes it possible to stiffen the walls.
- the side walls, upper and / or lower housing 1 10 are supported on the exchanger 7, the support points being essentially evenly distributed on the faces concerned of the exchanger.
- This support makes it possible to reinforce the rigidity of this casing to avoid its deformation when it is at a pressure lower than the external pressure, without requiring too much reinforcement of the casing 1 1 0.
- this support makes it possible to manufacture a casing 1 1 0 which is of simpler design and uses less material, while maintaining a satisfactory rigidity.
- the refrigerant and absorbent fluid mixture distribution system may be independent of the casing 1 1 0.
- this distribution may be made by a reported delivery member fixed inside the upper wall of the casing 1 10.
- this distribution system may form a spacer allowing a support of the upper wall of the casing 1 10 on the top of the exchanger 7, to stiffen the upper wall.
- the distribution system can, by its own rigidity, reinforce the rigidity of the upper wall.
- FIG. 8 represents an exchange plate 81 according to another possible embodiment of the invention.
- This plate 81 comprises a plurality of pipes 81 0 extending horizontally and intended to be traversed by the hot liquid providing heat to the desorber. It also comprises an upper pipe 81 1, similar to the pipes 810 but placed above them, which is pierced with lateral holes 812 distributed along its length.
- This pipe 81 1 is intended to be fed by the mixture of coolant and absorbent fluids to be evaporated, and the holes 812 allow the distribution of this mixture along the edges of the plate 81.
- the plate 81 shown in Figure 8 also has a spacer 813 at its upper end and a spacer 814 at its lower end. These two spacers allow the exchanger to be formed by such plates 81 to bear against the upper and lower walls of the casing 1 10 of the desorber 100 and thus to reinforce the rigidity of these walls against deformation due to the difference pressure between the inside and the outside of the desorber.
- the distribution boxes located at the ends of the exchanger are adapted to allow mixing of the feed pipes 81 1. It is also possible to distribute in each of the plates 81 a plurality of feed lines 81 1, at different heights of the plate 81, to optimize the distribution of the mixture on the plates 81.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a desorber (100) for a device for air conditioning by absorption, especially for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing (110) containing at least one constituent of the desorber, including a heat exchanger (7), a mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerating fluid being introduced into the housing (110), in contact with the heat exchanger (7). The invention is characterised in that the system for distributing the mixture of absorbent and refrigerating fluids is built into the upper wall of the housing (110).
Description
DESORBEUR D'UN DISPOSITIF DE CLIMATISATION DISORBER OF AN AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE
[0001 ] La présente invention concerne un dispositif de climatisation par absorption. Elle concerne plus particulièrement le désorbeur d'un tel dispositif de climatisation. The present invention relates to an air conditioning device by absorption. It relates more particularly to the desorber of such an air conditioning device.
[0002] L'invention concerne également un véhicule automobile, équipé d'un tel dispositif de climatisation par absorption perfectionné. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle, equipped with such an improved absorption air conditioning device.
[0003] Parmi les dispositifs de climatisation existants, on connaît des dispositifs de climatisation par absorption, reposant sur le principe de l'absorption d'un fluide réfrigérant, sous forme gazeuse, par un fluide absorbant. Contrairement aux dispositifs de climatisation classiques à compression mécanique, ces dispositifs de climatisation à absorption ne comportant pas de compression mécanique ont donc peu de pièces en mouvement, ce qui limite le bruit et les vibrations, simplifie la maintenance, et améliore la fiabilité et la durée de vie du dispositif. Among the existing air conditioning devices, there are known air conditioning devices by absorption, based on the principle of the absorption of a refrigerant fluid, in gaseous form, by an absorbent fluid. Unlike conventional mechanical compression air-conditioning devices, these non-mechanical absorption air-conditioning devices have few moving parts, which reduces noise and vibration, simplifies maintenance, and improves reliability and durability. of the device.
[0004] On a déjà cherché à améliorer les performances des dispositifs de climatisation par absorption pour pouvoir les implanter facilement et de façon fiable dans les véhicules. De tels dispositifs de climatisation doivent cependant être encore améliorés pour être mis en œuvre efficacement dans les véhicules automobiles. We have already sought to improve the performance of air conditioning devices by absorption to be able to implement them easily and reliably in vehicles. Such air conditioning devices must, however, be further improved to be implemented effectively in motor vehicles.
[0005] Ainsi, le volume des dispositifs de climatisation à absorption existants reste relativement important, et il est nécessaire de le réduire pour adapter efficacement un tel système dans l'espace réduit d'un véhicule. Thus, the volume of existing absorption air conditioning devices remains relatively large, and it is necessary to reduce it to effectively adapt such a system in the reduced space of a vehicle.
[0006] Par ailleurs, il est nécessaire de réduire au maximum le coût de revient des éléments de ces dispositifs de climatisation. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de simplifier ces éléments au maximum. Moreover, it is necessary to minimize the cost of the elements of these air conditioning devices. For this, it is necessary to simplify these elements to the maximum.
[0007] Le but de la présente invention est par conséquent de fournir un dispositif de climatisation par absorption adapté aux véhicules automobiles, qui soit perfectionné dans son fonctionnement par rapport aux dispositifs connus de climatisation ou de refroidissement par absorption de l'art antérieur. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an absorption air conditioning device adapted to motor vehicles, which is improved in its operation with respect to known air conditioning or absorption cooling devices of the prior art.
[0008] En particulier, un but de la présente invention est de fournir un tel dispositif de climatisation par absorption qui permette d'offrir les mêmes performances avec un volume réduit par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide such an absorption air conditioning device that allows to offer the same performance with a reduced volume compared to the devices of the prior art.
[0009] Un autre but de la présente invention est de fournir un tel dispositif de climatisation par absorption, qui soit de conception simple et dont la réalisation nécessite des moyens technologiques peu coûteux.
[001 0] Ces objectifs, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront plus clairement par la suite, sont atteints par un désorbeur pour un dispositif de climatisation par absorption, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant un carter dans lequel sont logés un ou plusieurs constituants du désorbeur, parmi lesquels un échangeur de chaleur, un mélange de fluide absorbant et de fluide réfrigérant étant introduit dans le carter, en contact avec l'échangeur de chaleur (7), caractérisé en ce que le système de distribution du mélange des fluides absorbant et réfrigérant est intégré à la paroi supérieure du carter forme un système de distribution du mélange des fluides absorbant. Par intégré on entend que la paroi supérieure constitue elle- même ce système de distribution ou qu'un système de distribution rapporté est fixé à l'intérieur de la paroi supérieure du carter. Another object of the present invention is to provide such an absorption air conditioning device, which is simple in design and whose implementation requires inexpensive technological means. These objectives, as well as others which will appear more clearly later, are achieved by a desorber for an air conditioning device by absorption, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing in which are housed one or more components of the desorber, among which a heat exchanger, a mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant fluid being introduced into the casing, in contact with the heat exchanger (7), characterized in that the distribution system of the mixture of absorbing fluids and refrigerant is integrated in the upper wall of the housing forms a distribution system of the mixture of absorbent fluids. By integrated is meant that the upper wall itself constitutes this distribution system or an attached distribution system is fixed inside the upper wall of the housing.
[001 1 ] Intégrer le système de distribution du mélange de fluide à la paroi supérieure permet de réduire le coût total du dispositif, la rigidité propre du système de distribution du fluide renforçant le carter en permettant de limiter les efforts à supporter par le carter. [001 1] Integrating the distribution system of the fluid mixture to the upper wall reduces the total cost of the device, the inherent rigidity of the fluid distribution system reinforcing the housing to limit the forces to be supported by the housing.
[0012] Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, ce système de distribution est en appui sur l'échangeur de chaleur logé dans le carter, de sorte que la rigidité du carter est augmentée. Pour assurer une augmentation sensible de la rigidité, l'appui ne doit pas être ponctuel ou localisé dans une zone limitée mais au contraire être réalisé en un grand nombre de points pour équilibrer les charges sur toute la face supérieure de l'échangeur de chaleur. In a preferred embodiment, this distribution system is supported on the heat exchanger housed in the housing, so that the rigidity of the housing is increased. To ensure a significant increase in rigidity, the support must not be punctual or localized in a limited area but instead be performed in a large number of points to balance the loads on the entire upper face of the heat exchanger.
[0013] Dans une variante, le système de distribution est constitué par une pluralité de rainures formant rigoles définies dans ladite paroi supérieure, le fond de ces rigoles(1 1 1 ) comportant des trous pour permettre l'écoulement dans le carter des fluides présents dans les rigoles. De préférence, ces rigoles sont conformées de façon à former une structure ondulée renforçant la rigidité du carter. In a variant, the dispensing system is constituted by a plurality of grooves forming channels defined in said upper wall, the bottom of these channels (1 1 1) having holes to allow flow in the casing of the fluids present in the channels. Preferably, these channels are shaped to form a corrugated structure reinforcing the rigidity of the housing.
[0014] Dans une variante, l'échangeur de chaleur comprend des plaques d'échange s'étendant verticalement, et lesdites rainures formant rigoles sont orientées parallèlement aux bords supérieurs de ces plaques d'échange. In a variant, the heat exchanger comprises exchange plates extending vertically, and said channel grooves are oriented parallel to the upper edges of these exchange plates.
[001 5] Dans une variante, lesdites rainures formant rigoles sont orientées dans la direction d'écoulement de la vapeur produite dans le désorbeur, afin de faciliter cet écoulement. In a variant, said grooves forming channels are oriented in the direction of flow of the steam produced in the desorber, to facilitate this flow.
[001 6] Dans une variante, le désorbeur comporte de plus un couvercle placé au-dessus de la paroi supérieure du carter, afin de former un réservoir de fluide entre le couvercle et la paroi supérieure. In a variant, the desorber further comprises a cover placed above the upper wall of the casing, to form a fluid reservoir between the cover and the upper wall.
[001 7] Dans une variante, le carter a de plus au moins une de ces autres parois en appui direct ou indirect contre l'échangeur de chaleur, ce qui permet de renforcer encore la rigidité du carter.
[001 8] Ainsi, une entretoise peut être placée entre au moins une face latérale de l'échangeur de chaleur et la paroi correspondante du carter, ladite entretoise étant de préférence formée par une plaque pliée, du même matériau que l'échangeur de chaleur. In a variant, the casing has moreover at least one of these other walls in direct or indirect support against the heat exchanger, which further enhances the rigidity of the casing. [001 8] Thus, a spacer can be placed between at least one side face of the heat exchanger and the corresponding wall of the housing, said spacer being preferably formed by a folded plate of the same material as the heat exchanger .
[001 9] Alternativement, ou en complément, la paroi inférieure du carter peut présenter une pluralité de nervures en contact avec l'échangeur de chaleur, ces nervures étant préférentiellement orientées dans la direction d'écoulement du fluide après son passage au contact de l'échangeur. Alternatively, or in addition, the bottom wall of the housing may have a plurality of ribs in contact with the heat exchanger, these ribs being preferably oriented in the direction of flow of the fluid after it passes into contact with the heat exchanger. exchanger.
[0020] La présente invention a également pour objet un dispositif de climatisation par absorption, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comportant un désorbeur tel que décrit ci- dessus, ainsi qu'un véhicule automobile comprenant un tel dispositif de climatisation. The present invention also relates to an air conditioning device for absorption, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a desorber as described above, and a motor vehicle comprising such an air conditioning device.
[0021 ] D'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description qui suit de modes de réalisation préférés, non limitatifs de l'objet et de la portée de la présente demande de brevet, accompagnée de dessins dans lesquels : Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will appear in the following description of preferred embodiments, not limiting the object and scope of the present patent application, accompanied by drawings in which:
la figure 1 représente, de manière schématique, le principe de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de climatisation par absorption ; Figure 1 shows schematically the principle of operation of an air conditioning device by absorption;
la figure 2 représente, de manière schématique, le circuit fonctionnel d'un dispositif de climatisation par absorption ; Figure 2 shows schematically the functional circuit of an air conditioning device by absorption;
la figure 3 représente, de manière schématique, le désorbeur d'un dispositif de climatisation par absorption ; Figure 3 shows, schematically, the desorber of an air conditioning device by absorption;
· la figure 4 est une vue en perspective coupée d'un désorbeur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a desorber according to one embodiment of the invention;
la figure 5 est une section partielle du désorbeur de la figure 4, montrant le haut de celui-ci ; Figure 5 is a partial section of the desorber of Figure 4, showing the top thereof;
la figure 6 est une section partielle du désorbeur de la figure 4, montrant le bas de celui-ci ; Figure 6 is a partial section of the desorber of Figure 4, showing the bottom thereof;
la figure 7 représente l'échangeur de chaleur du désorbeur de la figure 4 ; Figure 7 shows the heat exchanger of the desorber of Figure 4;
la figure 8 représente une plaque d'un échangeur de chaleur d'un désorbeur selon un autre mode de réalisation possible de l'invention. Figure 8 shows a plate of a heat exchanger of a desorber according to another possible embodiment of the invention.
[0022] Un dispositif de climatisation par absorption met en œuvre un double circuit de fluides, l'un transportant un fluide réfrigérant, par exemple de l'eau, et l'autre un fluide absorbant, par exemple une solution saline de bromure de lithium (LiBr). Ces deux fluides sont miscibles, et une partie des circuits est commune aux deux circuits et transporte un mélange des fluides réfrigérant et absorbant. An absorption air conditioning device implements a double fluid circuit, one carrying a refrigerant fluid, for example water, and the other an absorbent fluid, for example a lithium bromide salt solution. (LiBr). These two fluids are miscible, and part of the circuits is common to both circuits and carries a mixture of coolant and absorbent fluids.
[0023] La figure 1 représente, de manière schématique, les éléments constitutifs et le principe de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de climatisation par absorption. Il comprend un
élément dans lequel s'effectue la désorption, désigné « désorbeur » 100 dans la suite du texte, un condenseur 200, un évaporateur 300 et un absorbeur 400. Figure 1 shows schematically the constituent elements and the operating principle of an air conditioning device by absorption. It includes a element in which the desorption is carried out, designated "desorber" 100 in the rest of the text, a condenser 200, an evaporator 300 and an absorber 400.
[0024] Le désorbeur 100 et l'absorbeur 400 sont remplis d'un mélange d'au moins deux substances miscibles formé par le fluide réfrigérant et le fluide absorbant. Ce mélange est combiné dans l'absorbeur 400, dans lequel le fluide absorbant absorbe le fluide réfrigérant. The desorber 100 and the absorber 400 are filled with a mixture of at least two miscible substances formed by the coolant and the absorbent fluid. This mixture is combined in the absorber 400, wherein the absorbent fluid absorbs the coolant.
[0025] Le fluide réfrigérant et le fluide absorbant ont des pressions d'évaporation suffisamment différentes pour que, lorsque le mélange est chauffé dans le désorbeur 100, le fluide réfrigérant, plus volatil, s'évapore, permettant la séparation des deux fluides. La chaleur nécessaire à cette séparation (apport illustré schématiquement par la flèche A) peut avantageusement être apportée au désorbeur par le liquide de refroidissement moteur du véhicule. The refrigerant and the absorbent fluid have sufficiently different evaporation pressures so that, when the mixture is heated in the desorber 100, the refrigerant fluid, more volatile, evaporates, allowing the separation of the two fluids. The heat necessary for this separation (contribution illustrated schematically by the arrow A) can advantageously be provided to the desorber by the engine coolant of the vehicle.
[0026] Le fluide réfrigérant sous forme de vapeur est alors amené par la canalisation 20 dans le condenseur 200 pour être condensé par l'action de refroidissement de l'air extérieur (apport de refroidissement schématiquement illustré par la flèche B). The refrigerant in the form of steam is then fed through the pipe 20 in the condenser 200 to be condensed by the cooling action of the outside air (cooling contribution schematically illustrated by the arrow B).
[0027] Le fluide réfrigérant en phase liquide est ensuite amené par la canalisation 10 vers l'évaporateur 300. Le froid produit lors de l'évaporation de ce fluide réfrigérant est transmis à l'habitacle du véhicule (non représenté), comme schématiquement illustré par la flèche C. A cette fin, il est prévu une pompe 310 et un aérotherme 320, qui sont reliés à l'évaporateur 300 par les canalisations 1 1 , 12 et 13. The coolant in the liquid phase is then fed through the pipe 10 to the evaporator 300. The cold produced during the evaporation of this refrigerant fluid is transmitted to the passenger compartment of the vehicle (not shown), as schematically illustrated. by the arrow C. For this purpose, there is provided a pump 310 and a heater 320, which are connected to the evaporator 300 by the pipes 1 1, 12 and 13.
[0028] La vapeur de fluide réfrigérant qui sort de l'évaporateur 300 est amenée dans l'absorbeur 400 par le conduit 21 qui est formé de fait par l'enveloppe de l'ensemble absorbeur/évaporateur. Le fluide absorbant, qui a été refroidi par de l'air extérieur dans le circuit de solution saline (apport de refroidissement schématiquement illustré par la flèche D), absorbe alors cette vapeur d'eau pour reformer le mélange. The coolant vapor leaving the evaporator 300 is fed into the absorber 400 through the conduit 21 which is formed by the envelope of the absorber / evaporator assembly. The absorbent fluid, which has been cooled by external air in the saline solution circuit (cooling supply schematically illustrated by the arrow D), then absorbs this water vapor to reform the mixture.
[0029] Le circuit de solution saline est formé par une pompe 410 et un radiateur 420, qui sont reliés à l'absorbeur 400 par les canalisations 16, 17, 18 et 19. L'absorbeur 400 est relié au désorbeur 100 par les canalisations 14, 15 et 16. The saline solution circuit is formed by a pump 410 and a radiator 420, which are connected to the absorber 400 by the pipes 16, 17, 18 and 19. The absorber 400 is connected to the desorber 100 through the pipes. 14, 15 and 16.
[0030] La figure 2 représente le circuit fonctionnel d'une climatisation par absorption à laquelle peut être appliquée la présente invention. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, il s'agit d'une machine à absorption qui utilise le couple LiBr-eau (Bromure de Lithium comme fluide absorbant et eau comme fluide réfrigérant). [0030] Figure 2 shows the functional circuit of an absorption air conditioning to which the present invention can be applied. By way of non-limiting example, it is an absorption machine that uses the LiBr-water pair (lithium bromide as absorbent fluid and water as coolant).
[0031 ] Les éléments du circuit identiques ou similaires à des éléments de la figure 1 sont désignés, le plus souvent, par la même référence numérique. Les références 100 et 200 désignent respectivement le désorbeur et le condenseur du fluide réfrigérant. Les références
320 et 420 désignent respectivement l'aérotherme de fluide réfrigérant et le radiateur du fluide absorbant. Elements of the circuit identical or similar to elements of Figure 1 are designated, most often, by the same reference numeral. The references 100 and 200 respectively denote the desorber and the coolant condenser. The references 320 and 420 respectively denote the coolant heater and the radiator of the absorbent fluid.
[0032] Les références 310 et 410 désignent respectivement la pompe du circuit de fluide réfrigérant et la pompe du circuit de fluide absorbant. Les références 350 et 450 désignent respectivement la réserve de fluide réfrigérant et la réserve de fluide absorbant. Les références 62 et 63 désignent des clapets anti-retour, et la référence 20 désigne la canalisation amenant la vapeur d'eau du désorbeur 100 au condenseur 200. The references 310 and 410 respectively denote the coolant circuit pump and the pump of the absorbent fluid circuit. References 350 and 450 respectively denote the refrigerant reserve and the absorbent fluid reserve. The references 62 and 63 designate check valves, and the reference 20 designates the pipe bringing the water vapor of the desorber 100 to the condenser 200.
[0033] La référence 500 désigne un ensemble qui combine l'absorbeur et l'évaporateur du dispositif de climatisation par absorption. Dans cet ensemble évaporateur / absorbeur, parcouru par un flux de fluide réfrigérant et un flux de fluide absorbant, une partie du fluide réfrigérant est évaporée, et cette réaction d'évaporation, endothermique, a pour effet de refroidir le flux de fluide réfrigérant restant. La vapeur produite est directement absorbée par le flux de fluide absorbant. Par ailleurs, la chaleur produite par la réaction exothermique d'absorption est évacuée par le flux de fluide absorbant qui circule dans le bloc. The reference 500 designates an assembly that combines the absorber and the evaporator of the air conditioning device by absorption. In this evaporator / absorber assembly, traversed by a flow of refrigerant fluid and an absorbent fluid flow, a part of the refrigerant fluid is evaporated, and this evaporation reaction, endothermic, has the effect of cooling the flow of refrigerant remaining. The vapor produced is directly absorbed by the flow of absorbent fluid. Moreover, the heat produced by the exothermic absorption reaction is removed by the flow of absorbent fluid circulating in the block.
[0034] La figure 3 représente, de manière schématique, le désorbeur 100. Ce désorbeur 100 est constitué d'un carter 1 10 dans lequel sont ouvertes une entrée 14 pour le mélange de fluide absorbant et de fluide réfrigérant, une sortie 15 pour le fluide absorbant, et une canalisation 20 d'évacuation du fluide réfrigérant sous forme de vapeur, menant vers le condenseur 200. FIG. 3 schematically represents the desorber 100. This desorber 100 consists of a casing 1 10 in which an inlet 14 is opened for the mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant, an outlet 15 for the absorbent fluid, and a pipe 20 for discharging the refrigerant in the form of steam, leading to the condenser 200.
[0035] Un échangeur de chaleur 7 parcouru par un fluide chaud, par exemple le liquide de refroidissement venant du moteur du véhicule, apporte de la chaleur au désorbeur 100. Ainsi, le mélange de fluide absorbant et de fluide réfrigérant arrivant par l'entrée 14 se réchauffe au contact de l'échangeur 7, ce qui cause l'évaporation du fluide réfrigérant. Après cette évaporation, le fluide absorbant est récupéré au fond du carter 1 10 et sort du désorbeur 100 par la sortie 15. Cette opération constitue la désorption. A heat exchanger 7 traversed by a hot fluid, for example the coolant from the engine of the vehicle, provides heat to the desorber 100. Thus, the mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant arriving through the inlet 14 is heated in contact with the exchanger 7, which causes evaporation of the refrigerant. After this evaporation, the absorbent fluid is recovered at the bottom of the casing 1 10 and out of the desorber 100 by the outlet 15. This operation is the desorption.
[0036] Le carter 1 10 du désorbeur 100 doit résister à la différence de pression entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du désorbeur. La pression à l'intérieur de ce carter 1 10 correspond idéalement à la pression de vapeur saturante du fluide réfrigérant. Dans le cas d'une climatisation de type LiBr-eau, dans laquelle le fluide réfrigérant est l'eau, l'intérieur du désorbeur 100 présente une pression de l'ordre de 2 à 300 mbar. Cette pression fortement inférieure à la pression ambiante extérieure exerce donc sur le carter 1 10 un effort de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur pouvant valoir jusqu'à 1 kg par cm2. A titre d'exemple, sur une face de 15 cm sur 25 cm de ce carter 1 10, soit 375 cm2, cet effort peut atteindre 375 kg. Un tel effort peut engendrer des déformations importantes sur un carter fabriqué avec des matériaux souples, par exemple en plastique ou en aluminium.
[0037] Il est possible de fabriquer un carter 1 10 présentant une épaisseur suffisante pour résister à ces efforts, ou comportant des nervures de renfort lui permettant de présenter la rigidité suffisante. Cependant, ces solutions ont pour inconvénients d'augmenter le volume et le poids du désorbeur 100, et donc du système de climatisation, d'augmenter la quantité de matière nécessaire pour fabriquer le carter 1 10 et de rendre sa forme plus complexe, ce qui augmente son prix de revient. The casing 1 10 of the desorber 100 must withstand the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the desorber. The pressure inside this casing 1 10 corresponds ideally to the saturation vapor pressure of the refrigerant. In the case of a LiBr-water type air-conditioning, in which the coolant is water, the interior of the desorber 100 has a pressure of the order of 2 to 300 mbar. This pressure much lower than the external ambient pressure thus exerts on the casing 1 10 a force from the outside to the inside that can be up to 1 kg per cm 2 . For example, on a face of 15 cm by 25 cm of this housing 1 10, or 375 cm 2 , this effort can reach 375 kg. Such a force can cause significant deformations on a housing made of flexible materials, for example plastic or aluminum. It is possible to manufacture a casing 1 10 having a sufficient thickness to resist these forces, or having reinforcing ribs allowing it to have sufficient rigidity. However, these solutions have the disadvantage of increasing the volume and the weight of the desorber 100, and therefore the air conditioning system, to increase the amount of material needed to manufacture the casing 1 10 and to make its shape more complex, which increases its cost price.
[0038] La figure 4 est une vue en perspective coupée d'un désorbeur 100 selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, qui permet d'éviter ces inconvénients de l'art antérieur. Les figures 5 et 6 sont des sections partielles de ce désorbeur, montrant respectivement le haut et le bas de celui-ci. La figure 7 représente certains des éléments de ce désorbeur. Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a desorber 100 according to one embodiment of the invention, which avoids these disadvantages of the prior art. Figures 5 and 6 are partial sections of this desorber, showing respectively the top and the bottom thereof. Figure 7 shows some of the elements of this desorber.
[0039] Ce désorbeur 100 comporte un carter 1 10 présentant une forme générale de parallélépipède dont les sections longitudinale et transversale sont des losanges. Ainsi, quand les parois latérales de carter 1 10 sont verticales, les parois inférieure et supérieure de ce carter 1 10 sont inclinées par rapport à l'horizontale, ce qui permet de favoriser l'écoulement de liquide sur la paroi inférieure et de gaz le long de la paroi supérieure. This desorber 100 comprises a housing 1 10 having a generally parallelepipedal shape whose longitudinal and transverse sections are rhombic. Thus, when the casing side walls 1 10 are vertical, the lower and upper walls of this casing 1 10 are inclined relative to the horizontal, which makes it possible to promote the flow of liquid on the bottom wall and the gas along the upper wall.
[0040] Le carter 1 10 est ouvert sur l'une de ses faces pour permettre le montage des éléments du désorbeur. Un couvercle 120 permet d'obturer cette ouverture du carter 1 10. The casing 1 10 is open on one of its faces to allow mounting of the desorber elements. A cover 120 makes it possible to close this opening of the casing 1 10.
[0041 ] Un échangeur de chaleur 7 est placé à l'intérieur du carter 1 10. Cet échangeur 7, qui est représenté sans le carter sur la figure 7, est constitué d'une pluralité de plaques d'échange 71 , s'étendant verticalement et dans la direction de la longueur du carter 1 10. Les plaques 71 sont positionnées parallèles les unes aux autres, séparées les unes des autres par des entretoises 72 formées par des tôles fines pliées en créneau. Chaque entretoise forme donc une pluralité de parois s'étendant verticalement et parallèlement aux plaques 71 , qui permettent l'écoulement par gravité du liquide à réchauffer le long des plaques 71 . A heat exchanger 7 is placed inside the casing 1 10. This exchanger 7, which is shown without the casing in FIG. 7, consists of a plurality of exchange plates 71, extending vertically and in the direction of the length of the housing 1 10. The plates 71 are positioned parallel to each other, separated from each other by spacers 72 formed by thin sheets folded crenel. Each spacer thus forms a plurality of walls extending vertically and parallel to the plates 71, which allow gravity flow of the liquid to be heated along the plates 71.
[0042] Chacune des plaques d'échange 71 comprend une pluralité de conduites 75 sensiblement horizontales qui sont parcourues par un fluide chaud, par exemple le liquide de refroidissement provenant du moteur du véhicule. Une boîte de distribution 74 est placée à l'une des extrémités de l'échangeur 7, et le couvercle 120 dont la face intérieure forme la boîte de distribution 121 est assemblée à l'autre extrémité de l'échangeur 7. L'entrée et la sortie du fluide chaud dans le désorbeur se font par cette boîte de distribution 121 . Ces boîtes de distribution placées au deux extrémités de chacune des plaques, permettent d'assurer, d'une façon connue de l'homme du métier, la circulation dans les conduites du fluide chaud. Each of the exchange plates 71 comprises a plurality of substantially horizontal conduits 75 which are traversed by a hot fluid, for example the coolant from the vehicle engine. A distribution box 74 is placed at one end of the exchanger 7, and the cover 120 whose inner face forms the distribution box 121 is assembled at the other end of the exchanger 7. The inlet and the outlet of the hot fluid into the desorber is through this distribution box 121. These distribution boxes placed at the two ends of each of the plates, allow to ensure, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, the circulation in the hot fluid pipes.
[0043] Le système de distribution du mélange de fluide absorbant et de fluide réfrigérant sur l'échangeur 7 est relativement complexe à réaliser : ce système doit en effet distribuer de manière uniforme un faible débit de mélange (environ 30 à 300 L/h, par exemple, pour un
dispositif de climatisation de 6 kW de puissance frigorifique) sur l'échangeur 7, de telle manière que les plaques d'échange 71 de cet échangeur 7 soient intégralement mouillées. Le bon positionnement du système de distribution par rapport à l'échangeur 7 est donc important. Par ailleurs, ce système de distribution ne doit pas faire obstacle à l'évacuation du gaz généré par l'évaporation du fluide réfrigérant. The distribution system of the mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant on the exchanger 7 is relatively complex to achieve: this system must indeed evenly distribute a low mixing rate (about 30 to 300 L / h, for example, for a cooling device 6 kW of cooling capacity) on the exchanger 7, so that the exchange plates 71 of this exchanger 7 are fully wetted. The correct positioning of the dispensing system relative to the exchanger 7 is important. In addition, this distribution system must not hinder the evacuation of the gas generated by the evaporation of the refrigerant.
[0044] Dans le mode de réalisation représenté par les figures 4 à 7, le système de distribution du mélange sur l'échangeur 7 est formé dans la paroi supérieure du carter 1 10. Pour cela, des rainures 1 1 1 formant rigoles sont formées dans cette paroi supérieure, et s'étendent dans la direction de la longueur du carter 1 10 de façon à être parallèles aux bords supérieurs des plaques d'échange 71 . Cette orientation des rainures 1 1 1 leur permet de ne pas gêner l'écoulement de la vapeur de fluide réfrigérant vers l'ouverture 20. In the embodiment shown in Figures 4 to 7, the distribution system of the mixture on the exchanger 7 is formed in the upper wall of the housing 1 10. For this, grooves 1 1 1 forming channels are formed in this upper wall, and extend in the direction of the length of the casing 1 10 so as to be parallel to the upper edges of the exchange plates 71. This orientation of the grooves 1 1 1 allows them not to hinder the flow of refrigerant vapor to the opening 20.
[0045] Comme le montre la figure 5, le fond de chacune de ces rainures formant rigoles 1 1 1 est en appui, sur toute sa longueur, sur le bord supérieur de l'une des plaques 71 . Ainsi, la paroi supérieure du carter 1 10 est rigidifiée par les rainures 1 1 1 et est également renforcée par son appui sur les plaques 71 , qui s'oppose à la déformation de cette paroi vers l'intérieur. As shown in Figure 5, the bottom of each of these channel grooves 1 1 1 is supported, over its entire length, on the upper edge of one of the plates 71. Thus, the upper wall of the casing 1 10 is stiffened by the grooves 1 January 1 and is also reinforced by its support on the plates 71, which opposes the deformation of this wall inwardly.
[0046] Un couvercle 130 recouvre la partie de la paroi supérieure du carter 1 10 où sont formées les rainures 1 1 1 de façon à former un réservoir entre cette paroi supérieure et le couvercle 130. L'arrivée 14 de mélange se fait à travers ce couvercle 130, de telle sorte que ce mélange remplisse le réservoir ainsi formé, et donc les rigoles formées par les rainures 1 1 1 . Des trous 1 12 sont percés au fond de chacune des rigoles formées par les rigoles 1 1 1 , et répartis de façon à permettre l'écoulement du mélange sur les plaques 71 . Le nombre, la position et le diamètre de ces trous sont choisis de façon que, lors du fonctionnement normal du dispositif de climatisation, le débit de mélange arrivant dans le désorbeur 100 soit uniformément réparti sur les plaques 71 . A cover 130 covers the portion of the upper wall of the casing 1 10 where are formed the grooves 1 1 1 so as to form a reservoir between the upper wall and the cover 130. The arrival 14 of mixture is made through this cover 130, so that this mixture fills the reservoir thus formed, and thus the channels formed by the grooves January 1. Holes 1 12 are drilled at the bottom of each of the channels formed by the channels 1 January 1, and distributed so as to allow the flow of the mixture on the plates 71. The number, the position and the diameter of these holes are chosen so that, during the normal operation of the air conditioning device, the mixing flow arriving in the desorber 100 is uniformly distributed on the plates 71.
[0047] Pour éviter la déformation du couvercle 130, il est possible que celui-ci présente, sur sa paroi inférieure, un certain nombre d'entretoises prenant appui sur la paroi supérieure du carter 1 10, qui est elle-même renforcée par la présence des rainures 1 1 1 et son appui sur les plaques 71 de l'échangeur 7. To avoid the deformation of the cover 130, it is possible that it has, on its lower wall, a number of spacers bearing on the upper wall of the housing 1 10, which is itself reinforced by the presence of the grooves 1 1 1 and its support on the plates 71 of the exchanger 7.
[0048] En bas de l'échangeur 7, comme le montre la figure 6, les bords inférieurs de certaines des plaques 71 sont en appui sur des nervures 1 13, formées sur la face intérieure de la paroi inférieure du carter 1 10. De façon avantageuse, ces nervures sont orientées de façon à ne pas gêner l'écoulement du fluide absorbant sous l'échangeur 7, après l'évaporation du fluide réfrigérant, vers l'ouverture de sortie 15 du fluide absorbant. L'appui de l'échangeur 7 sur la paroi inférieure du carter 1 10 permet de renforcer cette paroi inférieure, en évitant sa déformation sous l'effet de la différence de pression entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du carter 1 10.
[0049] La figure 7 montre un ensemble formé par l'échangeur 7, la boîte de distribution 74 et le couvercle 1 20 formant la boîte de distribution 1 21 . Cet ensemble est destiné à être assemblé au carter 1 10. La largeur du carter 1 10 doit donc être suffisante pour y introduire la boîte de distribution 1 20, qui est plus large que l'échangeur 7. At the bottom of the exchanger 7, as shown in Figure 6, the lower edges of some of the plates 71 are supported on ribs 1 13, formed on the inner face of the lower wall of the housing 1 10. From Advantageously, these ribs are oriented so as not to impede the flow of the absorbent fluid under the exchanger 7, after the evaporation of the refrigerant, to the outlet opening 15 of the absorbent fluid. The support of the exchanger 7 on the bottom wall of the housing 1 10 reinforces the bottom wall, avoiding its deformation under the effect of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the housing 1 10. Figure 7 shows an assembly formed by the exchanger 7, the distribution box 74 and the lid 1 20 forming the distribution box 1 21. This assembly is intended to be assembled to the housing 1 10. The width of the housing 1 10 must be sufficient to introduce the distribution box 1 20, which is wider than the exchanger 7.
[0050] Pour permettre aux parois latérales du carter 1 10 de prendre appui contre l'échangeur 7, et ainsi rigidifier ces parois latérales, des entretoises 73, formées de tôles pliées en créneaux, sont placées contre les plaques 71 qui forment les côtés de l'échangeur 7. La présence de ces entretoises 73 permet de combler l'espace existant entre les bords de l'échangeur 7 et les parois latérales du carter 1 10, sans gêner l'écoulement de fluides sur la face extérieure des plaques 71 qui forment les côtés de l'échangeur 7. To allow the side walls of the casing 1 10 to bear against the exchanger 7, and thus to stiffen these side walls, spacers 73, formed of sheets folded crenellated, are placed against the plates 71 which form the sides of the exchanger 7. The presence of these spacers 73 makes it possible to fill the space existing between the edges of the exchanger 7 and the side walls of the casing 1 10, without hindering the flow of fluids on the outside face of the plates 71 which form the sides of the exchanger 7.
[0051 ] Il est à noter que, pour faciliter le montage de l'ensemble formé par l'échangeur 7, la boîte de distribution 74 et le couvercle 1 20 dans le carter 1 1 0, la distance entre le haut des nervures 1 1 3 et le bas des rainures formant rigoles 1 1 1 peut être légèrement supérieure à la hauteur de l'échangeur 7, afin de ménager un jeu de montage. Cependant, dans les conditions normales d'utilisation du désorbeur, la pression très faible à l'intérieur de ce désorbeur entraine une faible déformation des parois du carter 1 10 jusqu'à ce que ces parois entrent en contact avec l'échangeur 7. Ce contact permet alors de rigidifier les parois. It should be noted that, to facilitate the assembly of the assembly formed by the exchanger 7, the distribution box 74 and the cover 1 20 in the housing 1 1 0, the distance between the top of the ribs 1 1 3 and the bottom of the channel grooves 1 1 1 may be slightly greater than the height of the exchanger 7, to provide a set of mounting. However, under the normal conditions of use of the desorber, the very low pressure inside this desorber causes a small deformation of the walls of the casing 1 10 until these walls come into contact with the exchanger 7. contact then makes it possible to stiffen the walls.
[0052] Dans le désorbeur 100 selon l'invention, les parois latérales, supérieure et/ou inférieure du carter 1 10 sont donc en appui sur l'échangeur 7, les points d'appui étant essentiellement répartis de façon uniforme sur les faces concernées de l'échangeur. Cet appui permet de renforcer la rigidité de ce carter pour éviter sa déformation quand il est à une pression inférieure à la pression extérieure, sans nécessiter de renfort trop important du carter 1 1 0. Ainsi, cet appui permet de fabriquer un carter 1 1 0 qui soit de conception plus simple et qui utilise moins de matière, tout en conservant une rigidité satisfaisante. In the desorber 100 according to the invention, the side walls, upper and / or lower housing 1 10 are supported on the exchanger 7, the support points being essentially evenly distributed on the faces concerned of the exchanger. This support makes it possible to reinforce the rigidity of this casing to avoid its deformation when it is at a pressure lower than the external pressure, without requiring too much reinforcement of the casing 1 1 0. Thus, this support makes it possible to manufacture a casing 1 1 0 which is of simpler design and uses less material, while maintaining a satisfactory rigidity.
[0053] Selon un autre mode de réalisation possible de l'invention, le système de distribution de mélange des fluides réfrigérant et absorbant peut être indépendant du carter 1 1 0. Dans ce cas, cette distribution peut être faite par un organe de distribution rapporté fixé à l'intérieur de la paroi supérieure du carter 1 10. According to another possible embodiment of the invention, the refrigerant and absorbent fluid mixture distribution system may be independent of the casing 1 1 0. In this case, this distribution may be made by a reported delivery member fixed inside the upper wall of the casing 1 10.
[0054] Selon un mode de réalisation possible, ce système de distribution peut former une entretoise permettant un appui de la paroi supérieure du carter 1 10 sur le haut de l'échangeur 7, afin de rigidifier cette paroi supérieure. Selon un autre mode de réalisation possible, le système de distribution peut, par sa propre rigidité, renforcer la rigidité de la paroi supérieure. According to a possible embodiment, this distribution system may form a spacer allowing a support of the upper wall of the casing 1 10 on the top of the exchanger 7, to stiffen the upper wall. According to another possible embodiment, the distribution system can, by its own rigidity, reinforce the rigidity of the upper wall.
[0055] La figure 8 représente une plaque d'échange 81 selon un autre mode de réalisation possible de l'invention. Cette plaque 81 comprend une pluralité de conduites 81 0 s'étendant horizontalement et destinées à être parcourues par le liquide chaud apportant la chaleur au
désorbeur. Elle comprend également une conduite supérieure 81 1 , similaire aux conduites 810 mais placée au-dessus de celles-ci, qui est percée de trous latéraux 812 répartis sur sa longueur. Cette conduite 81 1 est destinée à être alimentée par le mélange des fluides réfrigérant et absorbant devant être évaporés, et les trous 812 permettent la distribution de ce mélange le long des bords de la plaque 81 . FIG. 8 represents an exchange plate 81 according to another possible embodiment of the invention. This plate 81 comprises a plurality of pipes 81 0 extending horizontally and intended to be traversed by the hot liquid providing heat to the desorber. It also comprises an upper pipe 81 1, similar to the pipes 810 but placed above them, which is pierced with lateral holes 812 distributed along its length. This pipe 81 1 is intended to be fed by the mixture of coolant and absorbent fluids to be evaporated, and the holes 812 allow the distribution of this mixture along the edges of the plate 81.
[0056] Selon ce mode de réalisation, un système de distribution de mélange indépendant n'est donc pas nécessaire dans le désorbeur. De plus, la plaque 81 représentée sur la figure 8 présente également une entretoise 813 à son extrémité supérieure et une entretoise 814 à son extrémité inférieure. Ces deux entretoises permettent à l'échangeur qui sera formé par de telles plaques 81 d'être en appui contre les parois supérieure et inférieure du carter 1 10 du désorbeur 100 et ainsi de renforcer la rigidité de ces parois contre une déformation due à la différence de pression entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du désorbeur. According to this embodiment, an independent mixing distribution system is not necessary in the desorber. In addition, the plate 81 shown in Figure 8 also has a spacer 813 at its upper end and a spacer 814 at its lower end. These two spacers allow the exchanger to be formed by such plates 81 to bear against the upper and lower walls of the casing 1 10 of the desorber 100 and thus to reinforce the rigidity of these walls against deformation due to the difference pressure between the inside and the outside of the desorber.
[0057] Dans ce mode de réalisation, les boîtes de distribution situées aux extrémités de l'échangeur sont adaptées pour permettre l'alimentation en mélange des conduites 81 1 . Il est également possible de répartir dans chacune des plaques 81 plusieurs conduites d'alimentation en mélange 81 1 , à différentes hauteurs de la plaque 81 , pour optimiser la répartition du mélange sur les plaques 81 .
In this embodiment, the distribution boxes located at the ends of the exchanger are adapted to allow mixing of the feed pipes 81 1. It is also possible to distribute in each of the plates 81 a plurality of feed lines 81 1, at different heights of the plate 81, to optimize the distribution of the mixture on the plates 81.
Claims
1 . Désorbeur (1 00) pour un dispositif de climatisation par absorption, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant un carter (1 1 0) dans lequel sont logés un ou plusieurs constituants du désorbeur, parmi lesquels un échangeur de chaleur (7), un mélange de fluide absorbant et de fluide réfrigérant étant introduit dans le carter (1 10), en contact avec l'échangeur de chaleur (7), caractérisé en ce que le système de distribution du mélange des fluides absorbant et réfrigérant est intégré à la paroi supérieure du carter1. Desorber (1 00) for an air-conditioning device by absorption, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing (1 1 0) in which are housed one or more constituents of the desorber, among which a heat exchanger (7), a mixture of absorbent fluid and refrigerant fluid being introduced into the housing (1 10), in contact with the heat exchanger (7), characterized in that the distribution system of the mixture of absorbent and refrigerant fluids is integrated into the upper wall of the box
(1 10) . (1 10).
2. Désorbeur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit système de distribution est en appui sur l'échangeur de chaleur (7) logé dans le carter (1 10). 2. Desorber according to claim 1, characterized in that said dispensing system is supported on the heat exchanger (7) housed in the housing (1 10).
3. Désorbeur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le système de distribution est constitué par une pluralité de rainures formant rigoles (1 1 1 ) définies dans ladite paroi supérieure, le fond de ces rigoles(1 1 1 ) comportant des trous (1 12) pour permettre l'écoulement dans le carter des fluides présents dans les rigoles3. Desorber according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the distribution system is constituted by a plurality of channel grooves (1 1 1) defined in said upper wall, the bottom of these channels (1 1 1). having holes (1 12) to allow flow in the housing of the fluids present in the channels
(1 1 1 ) . (1 1 1).
4. Désorbeur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les rigoles (1 1 1 ) sont conformées de façon à former une structure ondulée renforçant la rigidité du carter. 4. Desorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the channels (1 1 1) are shaped to form a corrugated structure reinforcing the rigidity of the housing.
5. Désorbeur selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (7) comprend des plaques d'échange (71 ) s'étendant verticalement, et lesdites rainures formant rigoles (1 1 1 ) sont orientées parallèlement aux bords supérieurs de ces plaques d'échange (71 ). 5. Desorber according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger (7) comprises vertically extending exchange plates (71), and said channel grooves (1 1 1) are oriented parallel to the upper edges of these exchange plates (71).
6. Désorbeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites rainures formant rigoles (1 1 1 ) sont orientées dans la direction d'écoulement de la vapeur produite dans le désorbeur (100), afin de faciliter cet écoulement. Desorber according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that said channel grooves (11) are oriented in the direction of flow of the vapor produced in the desorber (100), in order to facilitate this flow.
7. Désorbeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un couvercle (1 30) est placé au-dessus de la paroi supérieure du carter (1 1 0), afin de former un réservoir de fluide entre le couvercle (1 30) et la paroi supérieure. 7. Desorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cover (1 30) is placed above the upper wall of the housing (1 1 0), to form a fluid reservoir between the lid (1 30) and the top wall.
8. Désorbeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le carter (1 10) a de plus au moins une de ces autres parois en appui direct ou indirect contre l'échangeur de chaleur (7). 8. Desorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (1 10) has at least one of these other walls in direct or indirect support against the heat exchanger (7).
9. Désorbeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le carter (1 10) a de plus au moins une de ces autres parois en appui direct ou indirect contre l'échangeur de chaleur (7). 9. Desorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (1 10) has at least one of these other walls in direct or indirect support against the heat exchanger (7).
10. Désorbeur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une entretoise (73) est placée entre au moins une face latérale de l'échangeur de chaleur (7) et la paroi correspondante du carter (1 10). 10. Desorber according to claim 9, characterized in that a spacer (73) is placed between at least one side face of the heat exchanger (7) and the corresponding wall of the housing (1 10).
1 1 . Désorbeur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite entretoise (73) est formée par une plaque pliée, du même matériau que l'échangeur de chaleur (7). 1 1. Desorber according to claim 10, characterized in that said spacer (73) is formed by a bent plate of the same material as the heat exchanger (7).
12. Désorbeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 1 1 , caractérisé en ce que la paroi inférieure du carter présente une pluralité de nervures (1 13) en contact avec l'échangeur de chaleur (7). 12. Desorber according to any one of claims 8 to 1 1, characterized in that the bottom wall of the housing has a plurality of ribs (1 13) in contact with the heat exchanger (7).
13. Désorbeur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les nervures (1 13) sont orientées dans la direction d'écoulement du fluide après son passage au contact de l'échangeur (7). 13. Desorber according to claim 12, characterized in that the ribs (1 13) are oriented in the direction of flow of the fluid after its passage in contact with the exchanger (7).
14. Dispositif de climatisation par absorption, notamment pour véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un désorbeur (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13. 14. Absorption air conditioning device, especially for a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a desorber (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. Véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de climatisation par absorption selon la revendication 14. 15. Motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an absorption air conditioning device according to claim 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1157126A FR2978818B1 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2011-08-03 | DISORBER OF A CASING AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE PROVIDING FLUID DISPENSING |
FR1157127 | 2011-08-03 | ||
FR1157127A FR2978819B1 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2011-08-03 | DISORBER OF A RIGIDIFIED CARRIER AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE |
FR1157126 | 2011-08-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013017439A1 true WO2013017439A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
Family
ID=46545394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/064272 WO2013017439A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2012-07-20 | Desorber for an air conditioning device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2013017439A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6253571B1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2001-07-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid distributor, falling film heat exchanger and absorption refrigeration |
JP2008232570A (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Regenerator for absorption refrigerating machine |
FR2921467A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-03-27 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | PLATE HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS DEORPING OF A CURRENT SOLUTION OF A STEAM PHASE, ESPECIALLY IN ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING |
-
2012
- 2012-07-20 WO PCT/EP2012/064272 patent/WO2013017439A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6253571B1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2001-07-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid distributor, falling film heat exchanger and absorption refrigeration |
JP2008232570A (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Regenerator for absorption refrigerating machine |
FR2921467A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-03-27 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | PLATE HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS DEORPING OF A CURRENT SOLUTION OF A STEAM PHASE, ESPECIALLY IN ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING |
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