WO2013014299A1 - Dispositif et procédé de production d'électricité à partir d'eau sous pression et d'au moins une matière explosive - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de production d'électricité à partir d'eau sous pression et d'au moins une matière explosive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013014299A1
WO2013014299A1 PCT/ES2011/000253 ES2011000253W WO2013014299A1 WO 2013014299 A1 WO2013014299 A1 WO 2013014299A1 ES 2011000253 W ES2011000253 W ES 2011000253W WO 2013014299 A1 WO2013014299 A1 WO 2013014299A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive material
hydraulic pressure
chamber
water
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000253
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Antonio IBAÑEZ DE ALBA
Original Assignee
GARCÍA VÁZQUEZ, Maria
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GARCÍA VÁZQUEZ, Maria filed Critical GARCÍA VÁZQUEZ, Maria
Priority to PCT/ES2011/000253 priority Critical patent/WO2013014299A1/fr
Publication of WO2013014299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013014299A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/06—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electricity generation. More specifically, it is directed to a new device for generating electricity from explosive materials.
  • the need for execution and development of the invention originates from the high energy dependence that exists both in Europe and in Spain, together with the forecast of strong increases in the energy cost due to its indexation to the price of oil.
  • the external energy dependence of Spain is greater than the average of the European Union.
  • the degree of self-sufficiency of primary energy has been up to 23% until 2010, which means that in Spain 77% of the primary energy consumed is imported from abroad.
  • the electricity production plant object of the invention is based on the use of the instantaneous energy produced in the explosion generated for its transformation into pressurized water and, finally, electricity.
  • a new device for generating electricity from pressurized water and at least one explosive material characterized in that it comprises a piston formed by a combustion chamber and a hydraulic pressure generating chamber is the object of this invention.
  • Said piston allows to take advantage of the expansion energy of the gases formed during the detonation of the energy materials used in the device.
  • the combustion chamber may comprise at least one inlet valve of explosive material and a gas outlet valve, and is located at one end of the piston.
  • the hydraulic pressure generation chamber is preferably located, which has at least one hydraulic flow outlet valve and at least one water inlet valve.
  • At least one pressurized reservoir connected to at least one hydroelectric turbine is located.
  • the combustion chamber may additionally comprise a cooling circuit in order to control the temperature increase generated during the explosion.
  • the plant may also be used in reverse osmosis processes in desalination plants.
  • the object of this invention is also a power plant characterized in that it comprises at least one device for generating electricity as described above.
  • the plant may comprise a set of pistons, preferably 6, designed to act sequentially to maintain a constant pressure and flow rate in the hydraulic circuit.
  • each piston can perform up to 240 generation cycles per hour. In this way, the power generation capacity is 0.711 kWh per cycle and piston, so the power available to each piston is approximately 171 kW.
  • the plant may comprise at least one pre-treatment installation of the explosive material used as raw material to, depending on its origin, make adjustments in its parameters to adapt its combustion in the plant.
  • Said installation may comprise at least one container, preferably a tank with stirring, for the addition of at least one additive to the energy material.
  • stirring will be continuous to ensure a good mixture.
  • the design flow of the feed will preferably be 0.6 m 3 / h.
  • the installation or facilities for pretreatment of the raw material will allow on-site processing energy materials (eg ammonium nitrate) to minimize transport and storage risks, and to obtain a cost reduction.
  • on-site processing energy materials eg ammonium nitrate
  • control unit may in turn comprise solenoid valves for the control of the closing and opening of the different circuits that compose it.
  • control unit may comprise at least one electronic controller in charge of activating and regulating the pressure compensating valves that supply the different pressure water injection pipes of the plant.
  • the described plant can be located underwater, buried or on the surface.
  • at least one compartment for the storage of explosives may be located on the surface.
  • this explosive storage compartment can be connected to the combustion chamber by means of at least one valve for regulating the supply of the explosive material. In this way, it is possible to control the supply of said explosive material, preferably mechanically and automatically, depending on the amount of pressurized water that is desired to be generated.
  • the plant may comprise at least one cooling tower, which will generally be the only equipment in the plant located outside. However, as indicated above, the plant will be suitable for working both on the surface, and buried underground or underwater.
  • the plant may in turn incorporate an external water supply circuit for cooling the entire system and loading water into the hydraulic pressure generating chamber.
  • the object of this invention is a process for generating electrical energy from pressurized water and at least one explosive material by using a device as previously described.
  • described Said procedure is characterized in that it comprises:
  • the gases produced in the explosion are expanded by moving the piston piston and pressurizing the water located in the hydraulic pressure generating chamber to a working pressure preferably between 10 and 1,000 bar;
  • the hydraulic flow outlet valve is then opened, generating a hydraulic flow equivalent to the capacity of the hydraulic pressure generating chamber, where said hydraulic flow is sent to at least one pressurized reservoir at a lower pressure, preferably between 5 and 300 bar;
  • the generation of electricity is carried out by the action of a set of pistons, within which combustion of the raw material used occurs.
  • the adiabatic expansion of the gases generated in the reaction generates useful work and hydraulic pressure to power a series of hydroelectric turbines, thus generating electrical energy.
  • the thermodynamic cycle that follows is similar to that of a gasoline combustion engine or Otto cycle.
  • the process may comprise an additional step of storing and recovering the process water.
  • Said storage can be carried out in tanks, and the recovery can include the use of water in a closed circuit, so that once the water has been used, it can be recovered again in the process.
  • any material capable of detonating can be used so as to generate useful energy in the form of gas expansion that can be converted into electrical energy.
  • materials among which are fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, etc.), commercial explosives (Alnafo, Nagolita, Riod ⁇ n, Ammonite, etc.), other materials (nitric acid, ammonia , etc.), as well as recycled materials such as materials from explosives demilitarization programs or the recycling of pyrotechnic materials used in the automotive sector (airbags), fireworks, nautical signaling flares, pyrotechnic pretensioners, etc.
  • fertilizers ammonium nitrate, etc.
  • commercial explosives Alnafo, Nagolita, Riod ⁇ n, Ammonite, etc.
  • other materials nitric acid, ammonia , etc.
  • recycled materials such as materials from explosives demilitarization programs or the recycling of pyrotechnic materials used in the automotive sector (airbags), fireworks, nautical signaling flares,
  • a hazardous waste is obtained from which an energy use is obtained, as well as an economic and environmental benefit.
  • a kilogram of a mixture by weight of 91% ammonium nitrate, 4% diesel and 5% aluminum produces a pressure of 7.2 GPa.
  • Other products reach 20.4 GPa instantaneous detonation pressure.
  • the type of explosive material that can be used as a raw material is not a limiting feature of the invention, and any type of material capable of exploding can be used.
  • the process may comprise a pre-treatment stage of the explosive fuel to achieve its conditioning, as well as a post-treatment of the combustion gases produced. These treatments allow to minimize the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere and decrease their emission temperature. Likewise, the residual heat will produce steam, which can be introduced into a steam turbine, increasing the capacity of electrical energy produced.
  • the pre-treatment stage of the explosive fuel may comprise the addition of additives, as well as the drying and milling of the explosive material prior to its introduction into the combustion chamber.
  • the post-treatment stage of the combustion gases may comprise a separation stage in at least one cyclone separator, so that gases separated from the ashes can be introduced into at least one recovery boiler in which steam and gases are generated. Said steam can be sent in at least one turbine for the additional generation of electricity, where the residual steam can be condensed and used in the recovery boiler itself.
  • the gases generated in the recovery boiler can be treated before being sent to the atmosphere in a treatment system such as at least one activated carbon filter.
  • the estimation of the operation of a nominal power plant of IMW is of a production of 8,100 MWh / year for a consumption of 2,291 Tons / year of explosive material / fuel, with an emission of 0.099 kg C0 2 / kWh. Thanks to the novel device object of this invention, it is possible to achieve yields greater than 90% in the turbines of the installation. This is because when the explosion occurs in contact with water, it is pressurized and sent directly to the turbines, avoiding friction losses. Also, when the explosion occurs, gases that are sent and preferably treated in cleaning filters are released, where they can be completely decontaminated. After cleaning, the gases can be released back into the atmosphere, so that the operation of the system presents a virtually zero level of pollution and is capable of operating at all times with environmentally friendly fuels.
  • the plant object of the present invention manages to maintain low generation costs and a generation of C0 2 lower than other technologies (four times less than a combined cycle plant), being an alternative to a future scenario of high energy costs .
  • An additional advantage of the central object of the invention is the fact that it is composed of modular parts, which makes it possible for the installation thereof to be carried out at any location, although it will be especially preferred, for economic reasons, its location in areas near the sea, rivers, reservoirs, etc. Also, such presentation in modular parts will make it possible to carry out quick and effective replacements and repairs of the parts that require it.
  • the plant has an itinerant character, thus being able to be used, for example, in isolated areas or sites with low electricity supply;
  • the plant object of this invention offers an immediate availability to produce electricity, only comparable to the energy of traditional hydroelectric power plants.
  • one of the fundamental advantages of the invention consists in the possibility of not having to develop large electrical networks for distribution to the points of consumption, so that electricity will be distributed to the points where it is required depending on the electricity needs of each moment;
  • pressurized water in other embodiments of the invention any other type of fluid could be used, such as gases, so that the generated pressurized gas could be used in turbines of compressed air .
  • Figure 1 shows a detail view of a piston of the device of the invention comprising a chamber of combustion, a piston and a hydraulic pressure generating chamber;
  • Figure 2 represents a three-dimensional view of a piston assembly as detailed in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 represents a view of the power generation plant object of the invention.
  • the charge of explosive material (ammonium nitrate) to each piston (1) was 200 g per cycle, the number of cycles per hour being equal to 240.
  • this Prior to feeding the Ammonium nitrate piston, this was subjected to a pre-treatment stage in a stirring tank (8), a drying drum (9) and a rotating ball mill (10).
  • ammonium nitrate was introduced on the one hand and a series of additives on the other to provide nitrate with the appropriate characteristics. Stirring was continued to ensure a good mixture, and the feed design flow rate of 0.6 m 3 / h.
  • the equipment chosen was a high efficiency stir tank with simple impeller Quiansheng model XB12.
  • the heating method in the drying drum (9) was by indirect contact through the cylinder wall, which is heated by the passage of gases.
  • the particles cross a relatively short section, as they slide, while their humidity decreases in the same way they descend.
  • the particles were subjected to grinding in the ball mill (10) until a particle size of less than 95 mm was obtained, the average particle size being 50 mm. In this equipment, the flow was 0.28 Tn / hour of fertilizer.
  • ammonium nitrate used had a carbon content greater than 10%.
  • the pistons (1) were designed to have a combustion chamber (2) with a pressure range of 20 to 150 bars and a hydraulic pressure generation chamber (4) with a pressure range of 20 to 80 bars.
  • the hydroelectric turbine selected was a Francis turbine model FHE 500-08 with horizontal axis position.
  • a cyclone (7) for particle separation specifically a centrifugal manifold with tangential air inlet to the cyclone cylinder body. Since the gases have a high temperature, the cyclone separator (7) must have the ability to operate at high temperatures. The separated ashes were stored in an ash storage tank (11).
  • the cooled gases are conducted to an activated carbon filter (15) to remove the ammonia and nitrogen oxides that the gas stream contains.
  • Active carbon in its various varieties, has a large specific surface and has the property of fixing harmful or odorous gaseous molecules. Once the gases are treated they are expelled into the atmosphere.
  • the active carbon equipment chosen was of the PROTECT VENTSORB 70 type.
  • the gases produced in the combustion chamber (2) leave at a temperature of about 250 ° C. It is possible to take advantage of said temperature to produce steam that feeds a pre-designed steam turbine.
  • the equipment selected for this is a recovery boiler (12). With this I know It also reduces the emission temperature of gases into the atmosphere.
  • the selected steam boiler is a Viessman mixed recovery model 200 RW / RS boiler with conventional burner and two gas passages and the steam turbine (13) chosen was a Siemens SST-100, single-shell gas turbine, and with reducer for generator drive.
  • the useful work generated would be around 13,000 kJ / kg, generating a usable energy for the fuel load used (per cycle and per piston) of 0.71 kWh. Being the energy generated per hour by the plant (6 pistons 240 cycles / hour) of 1 M h, the annual production would be in values close to 8.15 GWh (with the hypothesis of availability of 93%).
  • the following table specifies the estimates of main consumption and emissions of the plant, establishing a closed water reuse circuit, so that the actual consumption is only due to losses or evaporations:
  • the contamination by greenhouse gases (C0 2 ) for the plant of the invention is approximately 10% of the grams emitted per kWh of the thermal coal plant and 29% of the grams emitted per kWh of the combined cycle plant and which is the one with the lowest level of carbon dioxide missions produces:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de production d'électricité à partir d'eau sous pression et d'au moins une matière explosive, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : (a) au moins un piston qui comprend une chambre de combustion et une chambre de génération de pression hydraulique, ladite chambre de combustion étant située à une des extrémités du piston et comportant au moins une soupape d'entrée de matière explosive et au moins une soupape de sortie de gaz, et en ce que la chambre de génération de pression hydraulique est située à l'extrémité opposée du piston, et comporte au moins une soupape de sortie de flux hydraulique et au moins une soupape d'entrée d'eau ; (b) au moins un réservoir sous pression est situé à la suite de la chambre de génération de pression hydraulique, et est reliée à au moins une turbine hydroélectrique pour la production d'électricité. L'invention porte également sur une centrale équipée dudit dispositif et sur l'utilisation de celui-ci pour la production d'électricité.
PCT/ES2011/000253 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 Dispositif et procédé de production d'électricité à partir d'eau sous pression et d'au moins une matière explosive WO2013014299A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2011/000253 WO2013014299A1 (fr) 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 Dispositif et procédé de production d'électricité à partir d'eau sous pression et d'au moins une matière explosive

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2011/000253 WO2013014299A1 (fr) 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 Dispositif et procédé de production d'électricité à partir d'eau sous pression et d'au moins une matière explosive

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015000070A1 (fr) 2013-07-03 2015-01-08 Alphora Research Inc. Procédé de synthèse pour la préparation d'analogues c1-céto macrocycliques de l'halichondrine b et intermédiaires utiles dans la synthèse, notamment des intermédiaires contenant des groupes -so2-(p-tolyle)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2612961A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-06 Hans J Wendt Elektronisch gesteuerter verbrennungsmotor
FR2585769A1 (fr) * 1985-08-01 1987-02-06 Malherbe Andre Dispositif de production d'energie mecanique continue par moyens pyrotechniques
WO2007091270A2 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Joshua Waldhorn Moteurs a piston interne a deflagration anaerobie, carburants anaerobies et vehicules associes
US20080230477A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-09-25 Gueorgui Milev Mihaylov Blast energy accumulator and energy conversion device and method
WO2010081929A1 (fr) * 2009-01-17 2010-07-22 Oema Ingenieros, S.L. Procédé de production d'énergie pyroélectrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2612961A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-06 Hans J Wendt Elektronisch gesteuerter verbrennungsmotor
FR2585769A1 (fr) * 1985-08-01 1987-02-06 Malherbe Andre Dispositif de production d'energie mecanique continue par moyens pyrotechniques
WO2007091270A2 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Joshua Waldhorn Moteurs a piston interne a deflagration anaerobie, carburants anaerobies et vehicules associes
US20080230477A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-09-25 Gueorgui Milev Mihaylov Blast energy accumulator and energy conversion device and method
WO2010081929A1 (fr) * 2009-01-17 2010-07-22 Oema Ingenieros, S.L. Procédé de production d'énergie pyroélectrique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 199741, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1977-J3402Y *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015000070A1 (fr) 2013-07-03 2015-01-08 Alphora Research Inc. Procédé de synthèse pour la préparation d'analogues c1-céto macrocycliques de l'halichondrine b et intermédiaires utiles dans la synthèse, notamment des intermédiaires contenant des groupes -so2-(p-tolyle)

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