WO2013013491A1 - 一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机 - Google Patents

一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013013491A1
WO2013013491A1 PCT/CN2012/000954 CN2012000954W WO2013013491A1 WO 2013013491 A1 WO2013013491 A1 WO 2013013491A1 CN 2012000954 W CN2012000954 W CN 2012000954W WO 2013013491 A1 WO2013013491 A1 WO 2013013491A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
wind turbine
coupled dual
cooling
stator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000954
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
睿礼贺
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广西银河风力发电机有限公司
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Publication of WO2013013491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013491A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/40Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a generator, and more particularly to a single-shaft coupled dual wind power generator.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a single-axis coupled double wind power generator, which adopts a compact outer rotor and inner stator structure design, and can balance the force of the generator support frame, thereby facilitating the extension of the generator tower
  • the service life is suitable for use in large generator systems, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of existing outer rotor wind turbines.
  • the present invention relates to a single-shaft coupled dual wind power generator, comprising a tower, a main frame, a main shaft, a hub, a converter and two wind power generators, wherein: the middle of the main rack is fixedly connected with the tower
  • the main shaft is connected to the hub and mounted on the main frame through the main bearing;
  • the two wind turbines are mainly composed of an inner stator and an outer rotor, and are fixed to the two ends of the main frame through the stator, and the rotors of the two wind generators Both are connected to the main shaft; one or more independent full-power converters are connected to the stator side of each wind turbine, and the converters are connected in parallel and connected to the grid.
  • the stator is a three-phase system of copper wire windings made of a rectangular copper conductor.
  • the rotor is a bipolar permanent magnet system, and each pole is formed by a plurality of magnetic steel blocks connected by a clamp and an interference ring.
  • the outer surface of the magnetic steel block is provided with an electroplating or epoxy anti-corrosion coating, adjacent magnetic
  • a copper layer is provided between the corrosion-resistant coatings of the steel blocks, and the rotor is completely enclosed by epoxy resin.
  • the tower tube is a metal tubular tower structure, and a cooling air duct is arranged on the inner wall of the tower cylinder.
  • the cooling air duct forms an upper and lower circulation loop, and a fan is installed at the air inlet.
  • the tower is made of steel and the surface is painted with a paint layer.
  • the tower is provided with a radiator outside the wind turbine, and a closed cooling circuit connected to the radiator is arranged near the wind turbine and the converter.
  • the cooling circuit is internally filled with a coolant and is provided with a circulation pump for driving the coolant to flow.
  • the utility model also includes a control system, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the generator and the converter, and a temperature sensor and a flow sensor are arranged on the cooling circuit, and the temperature sensor and the flow sensor are all communicatively connected with the control system.
  • the cooling circuit is two or more, respectively coiled around the generator and each converter, and one or more radiators are connected to each cooling circuit.
  • the dual generator design can balance the force of the generator support frame, which is beneficial to prolong the life of the generator tower, and can protect the main frame from the front to the external environment by covering the rotor;
  • the outer rotor of the external rotor is used up to a diameter of more than 5m.
  • the interior is spacious and can be integrated with the fan components.
  • the copper wire winding is made of rectangular copper conductor. Compared with the commonly used circular wire material, the fixing frame groove can be filled with more copper material, and the slot of the copper wire winding of the round wire can be filled with up to 40% copper. But the generator can reach more than 75%;
  • the bipolar permanent magnet rotor system can fill the magnetic steel material in 95% of the space around the pole ring, so the maximum magnetic flux and maximum power output can be achieved.
  • the rotor does not use large and bulky magnetic steel blocks, but uses thousands of small magnetic steel blocks, so it is more convenient to use and superior in performance;
  • the heat exchange surface is very large, so the heat dissipation efficiency is very high, which can effectively reduce the heat loss of the fan, and the closed cooling air passage can avoid high salt or high humidity air and sensitive parts.
  • the contact of generators, converters, transformers, etc., to prevent the appearance of mold can greatly reduce the corrosion risk of the tower and internal equipment;
  • the cooling circuit can remove heat from the inside of the tower. Released to the external environment, no fans are needed, and the heat loss of the wind turbine can be effectively reduced and the overall efficiency of the fan can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a single-axis coupled wind turbine generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tower side wall cooling system of a single-shaft coupled dual wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an external radiator type cooling system of a single-shaft coupled dual wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • a single-shaft coupled dual wind power generator of the present invention mainly includes a tower 6, a main frame 1, a main shaft 2, a hub 3, a converter, and two wind power generators 4.
  • two wind turbines 4 adopt medium-voltage (MV) megawatt-class variable-speed permanent magnet wind turbines, which are mainly composed of an inner stator 41 and an outer rotor 42.
  • the stator 41 is preferably a coil winding made of a rectangular copper conductor, and a plurality of parallel circuits are formed, using a three-phase system.
  • the rotor 42 is a permanent magnet, preferably a bipolar permanent magnet system, and each pole is formed by connecting a plurality of magnetic steel blocks through a clamp and an interference ring.
  • the outer surface of the magnetic steel block is provided with an electroplating or epoxy anti-corrosion coating.
  • a copper layer is disposed between the anti-corrosion coatings of the adjacent magnetic steel blocks, and the rotor is completely enclosed by the epoxy resin.
  • the material of the magnetic steel block is sintered NdFeB, and at the same time, elements such as yttrium are added, wherein yttrium can ensure reasonable temperature and aging resistance.
  • One or more independent full-power converters 5 are connected to the stator side of each wind turbine 4, and the converters 5 are connected in parallel and connected to the grid to supply power to the grid, thereby completing the conversion of wind energy to electric energy.
  • Two wind turbines 4 are fixed to both ends of the main frame 1 through the stator 41, and the central portion of the main frame 1 is fixedly connected to the tower. Both rotors 42 are connected to the main shaft 2, and the main shaft 2 is synchronized with the hub 3.
  • the main shaft 2 is mounted on the main frame 1 through the main bearing 21, and in addition, the fitting sleeve 22 can be attached at the contact of the main shaft 2 and the main bearing 21 to facilitate operation.
  • the present invention utilizes a fan cooling system that dissipates heat through the side walls of the tower, which is primarily comprised of a tower 6 and a cooling duct.
  • the cooling duct is a closed or at least semi-closed passage. As indicated by the arrow in the figure, the cooling duct abuts against the inner wall of the tower 6 to form a vertical loop.
  • the closed cooling air duct can avoid the contact and damage of sensitive components such as generators, rectifiers and transformers with high salinity and high humidity air, which can greatly reduce the risk of corrosion inside the casing and the tower.
  • a fan 61 may be provided at the air inlet of the cooling duct, which is usually mounted above the transformer 7, and the direction of the wind is upward. Additional cooling means such as air filters and heat exchangers can also be placed in the cooling duct so that the heat that would otherwise be released through the cooling circuit is released through the tower 6. During operation, the hot air near the transformer 7 is blown into the cooling duct by the fan 61, rises along the cooling duct, gradually dissipates heat through the side wall of the tower 6 during the ascending process, and then descends along the other side passage.
  • a tower with a diameter of 6 m, a thickness of 40 legs, and a height of 30 m if the outdoor temperature is set to 40 "C and the temperature inside the tower is set to 47 ° C, the thermal conductivity of the steel tower is 60 W/mK, the paint layer.
  • the heat transfer coefficient is 1 W/mK
  • the heat transfer coefficient inside the tower is 25 W/m 2 K
  • the heat transfer coefficient outside the tower is 50 W/m 2 K. Therefore, the total heat transfer coefficient is 16.3 W. /m 2 K
  • heat dissipation surface area is 565. 2m 2
  • temperature difference 7K calculation shows that the tower wall of 30 meters height can release about 65 kW of heat by convection.
  • Transformer 3 will generate 61 kW of heat at full load, so just live Transformer and loss curve, choose to install a fan that can provide sufficient airflow, and pass the pair on the first tower
  • the flow eliminates the effects of heat.
  • Arrow 62 in Figure 2 shows the flow direction of the gas flow in the column, and arrow 63 shows the flow of heat through the wall of the column.
  • the present invention can also employ a heat sink external cooling system, which mainly includes a radiator 8 disposed outside the tower 6, disposed near the wind turbine 4 and the converter 5, and dissipated with heat.
  • the radiator 8 can be a liquid-cooled or air-cooled radiator, which can be installed on the top, side or cover of the tower 6, for cooling the coolant, and can also be cooled by series using a plurality of radiators 8 to further enhance heat dissipation. effect.
  • the cooling circuit may be two or more, respectively wound around the generator 4 and each of the converters 5, and a radiator 8 is connected to each of the cooling circuits to separately cool the generator 4 and the converter 5 .
  • a control system can be externally connected to the cooling system, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the wind generator 4 and the converter 5, and a temperature sensor and a flow sensor are arranged on the cooling circuit, and the above sensors send the collected signals. Go to the control system for unified monitoring and regulation.
  • the heat generated by the wind turbine 4 and the converter 5 is transferred by the coolant (forced by the pump) to the radiator 8 outside the tower.
  • the arrow in the figure shows the direction of the air flow. In the radiator 8, the coolant is cooled by the natural airflow, the temperature is lowered, and then flows through the wind turbine 4 and the converter 5 for a new cooling cycle.
  • the external cooling system of the radiator is a closed-loop system that uses passive cooling and integrates coolant, circulation pump and radiator. It eliminates the need for energy-consuming components and uses the natural flow and wind speed of the surrounding air to cool the components in a natural way. In general, the cooling capacity increases nonlinearly with increasing wind speed.
  • the movement height is 1000 hidden, the width is 1100mm, the depth is 82mm, the frequency is 50Hz, the voltage is 400 ⁇ /690 ⁇ V, the number of poles is 6, the motor output power is 3kW, and the liquid is 50.
  • % water is mixed with 50% ethylene glycol, liquid flow rate is 150L/min, cooling capacity is 3.33kW/ °C, actual 'cooling capacity is 63kW, pressure reducing substrate is 220Pa, inlet temperature is 59.5°C, and outlet temperature is 52.6. °C, the airspeed is 4.6m/s, the inlet temperature is 40°C, and the outlet temperature is 51.4 °C.
  • the inlet temperature of the motor system is 57 ° C
  • the outlet temperature is 50 ° C
  • the inlet temperature is 40 ° C
  • the outlet temperature is 48 ° C.
  • the inlet system temperature of the converter system is 70 ° C
  • the outlet temperature is 50 ° C
  • the inlet temperature is 40 ° C
  • the outlet temperature is 48 ° C.
  • ⁇ _ 1 10. 0°C ,
  • the invention relates to a single-shaft coupled dual wind power generator, which is an outer rotor permanent magnet double wind power generator coupled by a main shaft and a multi-stage full power converter system, which replaces the existing single generator, and each A separate generator stator side absorbs the corresponding independent electrical energy, making it more suitable for general application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机,包括塔筒(6)、主机架(1)、主轴(2)、轮毂(3)、变流器(5)以及两台风力发电机(4),其中:主机架中部与塔筒固定连接;主轴与轮毂连接,并通过主轴承(21)安装在主机架上;两台风力发电机,均主要由内部定子(41)和外部转子(42)组成,并通过定子固定在主机架的两端,两台风力发电机的转子均与主轴连接;每台风力发电机的定子侧都连接有一个或多个独立的全功率变流器,变流器之间并联并接入电网。该单轴耦合的双风力发电机,采用外转子、内定子结构设计,结构紧凑;采用双发电机设计,可平衡发电机支撑架的受力,有利于延长发电机塔筒的寿命,且适用于大型发电机系统,从而克服了现有的外转子风力发电机的不足。

Description

一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发电机, 特别是涉及一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机。
背景技术
近年来, 外转子、 内定子的风力发电机, 因其具有结构紧凑、 节省空 间、 设计精巧、 易于冷却等优点, 而逐渐得到推广和使用。 但是, 由于转 子外壳的转动半径较大, 因此, 对发电机支撑架的偏向作用力较大, 且现 有的外转子结构不适宜应用在大型发电机上。
由此'可见, 上述现有的外转子风力发电机在结构与使用上, 显然仍存 在有不便与缺陷, 而亟待加以进一步改进。 如何能创设一种采用紧凑的外 转子、 内定子结构设计, 同时可平衡发电机支撑架的受力, 利于延长发电 机塔筒的寿命, 且适于应用在大型发电机系统的新型结构的单轴耦合的双 风力发电机, 实属当前本领域的重要研究方向之一。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 使其 采用紧凑的外转子、 内定子结构设计, 同时可平衡发电机支撑架的受力, 利于延长发电机塔筒的寿命, 且适于应用在大型发电机系统, 从而克服现 有的外转子风力发电机的不足。 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 包括塔 筒、 主机架、 主轴、 轮毂、 变流器以及两台风力发电机, 其中: 主机架中 部与塔 ^固定连接; 主轴与轮毂连接, 并通过主轴承安装在主机架上; 两 台风力发电机, 均主要由内部定子和外部转子组成, 并通过定子固定在主 机架的两端, 两台风力发电机的转子均与主轴连接; 每台风力发电机的定 子侧都连接有一个或多个独立的全功率变流器, 变流器之间并联并接入电 网。 作为本发明的一种改进, 所述的定子为由矩形铜导体制成的铜线绕组 三相系统。 所述的转子为双极永磁系统, 每一个极都由多个磁钢块通过夹具、 干 涉环连接'而成, 磁钢块外表面设有电镀或环氧防腐蚀涂层, 相邻磁钢块的 防腐蚀涂层之间设有铜层, 转子整体由环氧树脂完全封闭。 所述的塔筒为金属管状塔架结构, 并在塔筒内壁紧贴设置有冷却风道。 所述的冷却风道形成上下循环回路, 并在进风口处安装风扇。 所述的冷却风道内设置有空气过滤器和换热器。 所述的塔架为钢质, 表面涂有油漆层。 所述的塔筒外部设有散热器, 风力发电机和变流器附近设有与散热器 连接的封闭式冷却回路, 冷却回路内部充有冷却液, 并设置有驱动冷却液 流动的循环泵。 还包括控制系统, 并在发电机和变流器上设置温度传感器, 在冷却回 路上设置温度传感器和流量传感器, 上述温度传感器、 流量传感器均与控 制系统通信连接。
所述的冷却回路为两条或两条以上, 分别盘绕于发电机和各变流器的 附近, 并在每条冷却回路均连接有一个或一个以上散热器。 釆用这样的结构后, 本发明至少具有以下优点:
1、 采用外转子、 内定子设计, 结构紧凑, 并可降低对冷却、 散热系统 的要求;
2、 采用双发电机设计, 可平衡发电机支撑架的受力, 利于延长发电机 塔筒的寿命, 并可通过覆盖转子, 从正面针对外界环境全面保护主机架;
3、 在双发电机的基^ I上, 使用全功率电子变流器或多种技术实现变流 器的并联, 从而使其可应用在大型发电机系统中, 进一步构建兆瓦级变速 风力发电机系统;
4、 釆用的外转子永磁风机直径达, 超过 5m, 内部宽敞, 可以集成风机 部件;
5、 为每一个铜线绕组连接自己的变流器电路, 即使某个变电器电路出 现故障, 也可以产生电能;
6、 铜线绕组由矩形铜导体制成, 与常用的圆形导线材料相比, 固定架 槽可以填入更多铜材料, 圆形导线铜线绕组的槽隙最多可填入 40%铜, 但 本发电机可达到 75%以上;
7、 采用双极永磁转子系统, 可在磁极环周围 95% 的空间内填充磁钢 材料, 因此可达到最大磁通量和最大功率输出;
8、 转子没有使用庞大、 笨重的磁钢块, 而是釆用数千个小磁钢块, 因 此使用更方便、 性能更优越;
9、 利用风机塔筒侧壁作为散热媒介, 换热表面非常大, 因此散热效率 很高, 可有效降低风机热损耗, 而封闭式冷却风道, 可避免高盐分或高湿 空气与敏感的部件如发电机、 变流器、 变压器等接触, 阻止霉菌的出现, 可大大降低塔筒与内部设备的腐蚀风险;
10、 而利用外置散热器的冷却系统时, 冷却回路可将热量从塔筒内部 释放到外部环境中, 无需风扇, 并可有效降低风力发电机的热损耗, 并提 高风机的整体效率。
附图说明 上述仅是本发明技术方案的概述, 为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术 手段, 以下结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。 图 1是本发明一种单轴耦合的欢风力发电机的结构示意图。
图 2是本发明一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机的塔筒侧壁冷却系统结构 示意图。
图 3,是本发明一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机的外置散热器式冷却系统 结构示意图。
具体实施方式 请参阅图 1所示, 本发明单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 主要包括塔筒 6、 主机架 1、 主轴 2、 轮毂 3、 变流器以及两台风力发电机 4。 其中, 两台风力发电机 4 ,采用中压(MV )兆瓦级变速永磁风力发电机, 均主要由,内部定子 41和外部转子 42组成。 定子 41优选为由矩形铜导体制成的线圈绕组, 形成多个并联回路, 采 用三相系统。 转子 42为永磁体, 优选双极永磁系统, 每一个极都由多个磁钢块通过 夹具、 干涉环连接而成, ^磁钢块外表面设有电镀或环氧防腐蚀涂层, 相邻 磁钢块的防腐蚀涂层之间设有铜层, 转子整体由环氧树脂完全封闭。 磁钢 块的材料采用烧结钕铁硼, 同时添加镝等元素, 其中镝可保证合理温度与 耐老化性。 每台风力发电机 4的定子侧都连接有一个或多个独立的全功率变流器 5 , 变流器 5之间并联并接入电网, 以向电网供电, 从而完成风能向电能的 转换。
两台风力发电机 4通过定子 41固定在主机架 1的两端, 主机架 1中部 与塔筒固定连接。 两个转子 42均与主轴 2连接, 通过主轴 2实现与轮毂 3 的同步运转。 主轴 2通过主轴承 21安装在主机架 1上, 此外, 还可在主轴 2和主轴承 21的接触处安装适配套管 22, 以更利于运转。 请配合参阅图 2所示, 本发明可釆用通过塔筒侧壁散热的风机冷却系 统, 其主要由塔筒 6和冷却风道组成。 其中, 塔筒 6釆用金属管状塔架结 构, 优选为钢质, 并在表面涂有 0. 3mm的油漆层。 冷却风道为封闭或至少 半封闭的通道, 如图中箭头所示, 冷却风道紧贴塔筒 6内壁形成一上下循 环回路。 封闭的冷却风道可避免高盐分、 高湿度空气对发电机、 整流器、 变压器等敏感部件的接触和损坏, 可大大降低机壳与塔筒内部的腐蚀风险。 此外, 可在冷却风道的进风口出设置风扇 61 , 该风扇 61通常安装在变 压器 7的上方, 且出风方向向上。 还可在冷却风道内设置空气过滤器和换 热器等附加冷却装置, 这样就能通过塔筒 6释放原本通过冷却回路释放的 热量。 工作时, 变压器 7附近的热空气被风扇 61吹入冷却风道, 沿冷却风 道上升, 在上升过程中通过塔筒 6的侧壁逐渐散热、 冷却, 之后沿另一侧 通道下降返回。
以直径 6m、 厚度 40腿、 高度 30m的塔筒为例来说, 如果室外温度设置 为 40 "C 且塔内温度设置为 47 °C, 钢质塔架的导热系数为 60W/mK, 油漆 层的导热系数为 1 W/mK, 塔筒内部的传热系数为 25 W/m2K, 塔筒外部的传 热系数为 50 W/m2K。因此,总传热系数为 16. 3 W/m2K,散热表面积为 565. 2m2, 温差 7K, 计算显示 30 米高度的塔壁可通过对流释放大约 65 kW 的热量。 而变压器 3在满载下会产生 61 kW 的热量, 所以只要 居变压器和损失曲 线, 选择安装一台能够提供充足气流的风扇, 就能通过第一节塔筒上的对 流消除热量影响。 计算中的不确定性在于空气与壁面之间的导热速度, 因为它会受到风 速的影响, 但所用参数对应的总传热系数大约为 16 W / m2 K, 符合总传热 系数: 强制对流(流动) 气体 - 强制对流气体: D = 10-30 W/ m2 K。 图 2中箭头 62所示为塔内气流流动方向, 箭头 63所示为通过塔壁的 热量流向。 通过塔筒侧壁散热的冷却系统, 利用风扇 61使来自变压器 7的 热空气在冷却通道内强制 环, 并利用风机塔筒侧壁向塔筒 6外表面换热, 塔筒 6周围的风可连续冷却塔筒 6表面, 以风机塔壁作为冷却媒介起到换 热器的作用, 可有效降低风机的热损耗, 并充分利用了风机必备的部件来 提高其工作性能和散热效率。 请配合参阅图 3所示, 本发明还可以釆用散热器外置式冷却系统, 其 主要包括设置在塔筒 6外部的散热器 8、设置在风力发电机 4和变流器 5附 近并与散热器 8连接的封闭式冷却回路、 充满冷却回路的冷却液、 以及驱 动冷却液流动的循环泵 9。 其中, 散热器 8可采用液冷或空冷散热器, 可安 装在塔筒 6的顶部、 侧面或挡盖处, 用于冷却冷却液, 还可以采用多个散 热器 8串联散热, 以进一步增强散热效果。 冷却回路可采用两条或两条以 上, 分别盘绕于发电机 4和各变流器 5的附近, 并在每条冷却回路均连接 有散热器 8 , 以单独冷却发电机 4和变流器 5。 此外', 还可为该冷却系统外接一控制系统, 并在风力发电机 4和变流 器 5上设置温度传感器, 在冷却回路上设置温度传感器和流量传感器, 上 述传感器均将采集到的信号发送到控制系统, 以便统一监测和调控。 工作 时, 风力发电机 4和变流器 5产生的热量, 由冷却液(由泵强制输送)传 递到塔筒外部的散热器 8。' 图中箭头所示为气流方向, 在散热器 8中, 冷却 液被自然气流冷却, 温度降低, 再流经风力发电机 4和变流器 5进行新的 冷却循环。 散热器外置式冷却系统, 是采用被动冷却方法, 并集成了冷却液、 循 环泵和散热器的闭环系统, 无需使用耗能的部件, 利用周围空气的自然流 动和风速, 以自然方式冷却部件, 一般而言, 冷却能力随风速的升高而非 线性增加。
以 1. lm2的散热器为例来说, 其机芯高度 1000隱、 宽度 1100mm、 深度 82mm, 频率为 50Hz, 电压 400Δ/690Υ V, 极数为 6, 电机输出功率为 3kW, 液体采用 50%的水混合 50%的乙二醇, 液体流量 150L/min, 制冷量 3.33kW/ °C, 实际'制冷量为 63kW, 降压基质 220Pa, 进水口温度为 59.5°C, 出水口 温度为 52.6°C, 空速为 4.6m/s, 进气口温度为 40°C, 出气口温度为 51.4 °C。 电机系统的进水口温度为 57°C, 出水口温度为 50°C, 进气口温度为 40 °C, 出气口温度为 48'C。 变流器系统的进水口温度为 70°C, 出水口温度为 50°C, 进气口温度为 40°C, 出气口温度为 48°C。 ·据散热器热量转换公式
Figure imgf000009_0001
ΔΤ1-ΔΤ2/ίη(ΔΤ1/ΔΤ2) , 从而可以根据上表输入 0 I ΔΤ_计算出结果:
ΔΤ— 1=12.6°C,
ΔΤ_2=8.1°C,
ΔΤ_1η=10.2°C,
0 I ΔΤ-ln = U χ F χ A=6186 W〃C:。 利用上述结果, 并输入电机、 变流器的温度数据, 就可以计算出本专 利的散热器的制冷量 0。 发电机散热器的计算:
ΔΤ_1=10.0°C,
ΔΤ_2=9.0°C,
ΔΤ_1η=9.5°C,
0=58. Ί誦。 因此除去该电机必要的热损耗 449 kW,我们需要 449/58, 7-8台 1. 1 m2 的散热器, 总共是 8. 8 m2的散热器。 变流器散热器的计算:
ΔΤ_ 1=10. 0°C ,
ΔΤ_2=22. 0。C ,
ΔΤ_ 1η=15. 2 °C,
0=9 . 143W。 因此除去该变流器必要的热损耗 187kW, 我们需要 187/94, 1-2台 1. 1 m2的散热器, 总共是 2. 2 m2的散热器。 综上, 本实施例所使用的散热器总面 积为 l lm2, 即可达到需要的冷却效果。 本发明一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 是由一根主轴和多级全功率变 流器系统耦合的外转子永磁双风力发电机, 其替代了现有的单独发电机, 而且每一个独立的发电机定子侧都吸收对应的独立电能, 从而更加适于推 广应用。
以上所述, 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形式 上的限制, 本领域技术人员利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许筒单修改、 等同变化或修饰, 均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims

1、 一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于包括塔筒、 主机架、 主 轴、 轮毂、 变流器以及两台风力发电机, 其中:
主机架中部与塔筒固定连接; 主轴'与轮毂连接, 并通过主轴承安装在主机架上; 两台风力发电机, 均主要由内部定子和外部转子组成, 并通过定子固 定在主机架的两端, 两台风力发电机的转子均与主轴连接; 每台风力发电机的定子侧都连接有一个或多个独立的全功率变流器, 变流器之间并联并接入电网。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于 所述的定子为由矩形铜导体制成的铜线绕组三相系统。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于 所述的转子为双极永磁系统, 每一个极都由多个磁钢块通过夹具、 干涉环 连接而成, 磁钢块外表面设有电镀或环氧防腐蚀涂层, 相邻磁钢块的防腐 蚀涂层之间设有铜层, 转子整体由环氧树脂完全封闭。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于所述的塔筒为金属管状塔架结构, 并在塔筒内壁紧贴设置有冷 却风道。
5、 据权利要求 4所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于 所述的冷却风道形成上下循环回路, 并在进风口处安装风扇。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于 所述的冷却风道内设置有空气过滤器和换热器。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在于 所述的塔架为钢质, 表面涂有油漆层。
8、 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在'于所述的塔筒外部设有散热器, 风力发电机和变流器附近设有与 散热器连接的封闭式冷却回路, 冷却回路内部充有冷却液, 并设置有驱动 冷却液流动的循环泵。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的一种单轴耦合的欢风力发电机, 其特征在于 还包括控制系统, 并在发电机和变流器上设置温度传感器, 在冷却回路上 设置温度传感器和流量传感器, 上述温度传感器、 流量传感器均与控制系 统通信连接。
10、 4艮据权利要求 8所述的一种单轴耦合的双风力发电机, 其特征在 于所述的冷却回路为两条或两条以上, 分别盘绕于发电机和各变流器的附 近, 并在每条冷却回路均连接有一个或一个以上散热器。
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