WO2013007071A1 - 一种探测地质灾害的传感器及其监测报警装置 - Google Patents

一种探测地质灾害的传感器及其监测报警装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013007071A1
WO2013007071A1 PCT/CN2011/081249 CN2011081249W WO2013007071A1 WO 2013007071 A1 WO2013007071 A1 WO 2013007071A1 CN 2011081249 W CN2011081249 W CN 2011081249W WO 2013007071 A1 WO2013007071 A1 WO 2013007071A1
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Prior art keywords
sensor
permanent magnet
fixing plate
optical fiber
hole
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PCT/CN2011/081249
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈祥力
Original Assignee
Chen Xiangli
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Priority to CN201180072790.9A priority Critical patent/CN103782140A/zh
Publication of WO2013007071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013007071A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sensors and geological disaster detection and alarm technology, and relates to a sensor for detecting geological disasters and a monitoring and alarm device thereof.
  • geological disasters such as earthquakes, coal mines, underground rock bursts, coal and gas outbursts, and rock mass landslides are extremely harmful to humans
  • all countries in the world are trying to explore and detect the information before these geological disasters occur.
  • the timely warning program to achieve the goal of minimizing the loss of life and property caused by these geological disasters.
  • one is a detection and alarm device composed of electronic components and electronic circuits.
  • the disadvantage of this device is that the sensor is difficult to bury in the ground for several kilometers. And there is random electromagnetic interference in the place where the transmission line passes, so the existing electrical system cannot determine whether the sensor is the sensing amount or the electromagnetic radiation interference amount during the transmission process.
  • the existing electrical system sensors require power, and the ground host provides power to the sensor, which is complicated and unstable. It also cannot be used in the underground temperature of 200-300 °C due to its sensor with sensing temperature, sound wave and displacement. To ensure normal operation, it is difficult to achieve accurate detection data; the other is a device that uses fiber grating to sense underground signals. The disadvantage of this device is that the sensor only transmits changes in pressure, displacement and temperature to determine geological disasters. The occurrence of such detection and alarm devices is extremely difficult to detect for gas explosion accidents that are prone to occur in coal mines, and it is difficult to avoid gas explosion accidents in coal mines.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a sensor for detecting an earthquake disaster, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and simultaneously detects three geologically varying physical quantities of microvibration, electromagnetic induction and acoustic emission changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction. Sex, improve anti-interference ability.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a geological disaster monitoring and alarming device, which enables the device to accurately and timely transmit the signal changes before the geological disaster to the ground. It can timely and accurately signal geological disasters such as detecting earthquakes, coal mines, underground rock bursts, coal and gas outbursts.
  • a sensor for detecting a geological disaster comprising a first fixing plate, a second fixing plate and a third fixing plate, wherein the three fixing plates are fixedly connected to each other, and the middle of each fixing plate A through hole is formed, a vibration film is installed between the bottom surface of the first fixing plate and the surface of the second fixing plate, and a permanent magnet is disposed on the vibration film of the through hole portion, and the first permanent magnet is disposed on the upper surface of the vibration film, and the vibration film is provided a second permanent magnet is disposed on the lower surface, and the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are in contact with the vibrating membrane, and the vibrating beam and the optical fiber are disposed between the bottom surface of the second fixing plate and the surface of the third fixing plate, and are located at the through hole A third permanent magnet is disposed on the upper surface of the vibration beam, and the fiber grating is mounted on the optical fiber at the position of the through hole, the fiber
  • the diameters of the through holes formed in the first fixing plate, the second fixing plate and the third fixing plate are the same, the center lines of the three through holes are coincident, the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, the third permanent magnet and the fourth
  • the permanent magnets are in the same vertical plane, the vertical centerlines of the four permanent magnets coincide, and the four permanent magnets are located at the center of the through hole.
  • the first fixing plate, the second fixing plate and the third fixing plate are the same in shape and size, and are fixed by bolts.
  • the three fixing plates are made of non-magnetic stainless steel or non-electromagnetic shielding material.
  • the fiber grating and the vibration beam are connected by an adhesive.
  • a monitoring and alarming device manufactured by using a sensor for detecting geological disasters comprising a casing, a first sensor installed in the casing, an optical fiber of the first sensor being connected with a mining optical fiber audio measuring device, a mining optical fiber audio measuring device and signal processing And alarm device connection.
  • the housing is mounted with three sensors connected to each other to form a sensing device for detecting a geological change signal.
  • the first sensor is horizontally arranged, the center line of the through hole on the first sensor is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the second sensor is located at the top of the first sensor.
  • the center line of the second through hole on the second sensor is parallel to the horizontal plane
  • the third sensor is located at the top of the second sensor
  • the center line of the third through hole on the third sensor is on the second sensor
  • the centerline of the second through hole is parallel and arranged at 90°.
  • the optical fibers on the three sensors are connected to the mining optical fiber audio measuring device, and the mining optical fiber audio measuring device is connected to the signal processor and the alarm device.
  • the sensing device for detecting the geological change signal formed by the three sensors connected to each other is placed under the underground 5000 meters through the pipeline, and the optical fiber is connected with the underground sensing device and simultaneously connected with the mining optical fiber audio measuring device on the ground.
  • the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor have the same structure, and the fiber gratings installed on each sensor have different wavelengths, and the three sensors are connected in series by one fiber.
  • This entire development process is called the "lightning” effect.
  • This "lightning” effect causes further stress amplification of the organic structural layer within the formation, forming a positive feedback stress amplification effect of stress amplification.
  • This kind of stress amplification effect will cause destructive impact ground pressure in coal mines and mines, and coal and gas outburst will be triggered in the mining face under the coal mine.
  • this stress feedback amplification effect continues to amplify, it will cause a large magnitude of earthquake.
  • the present invention first provides a sensor capable of detecting three physical quantities of micro-vibration, acoustic emission and electromagnetic induction, and is immune to electromagnetic interference during signal transmission.
  • the three physical quantities detected by the sensor can be accurately synthesized on a time axis, which can accurately detect the number and level of "lightning" effects in the coal seam.
  • the sensor of the invention can simultaneously transmit three physical quantity changes to the ground monitoring and alarming device, and provides an accurate signal for judging the occurrence of geological disasters. Especially when coal and gas protrude, the electromagnetic radiation suddenly increases, and the acoustic emission phenomenon also increases greatly. It can detect and monitor the changes of these two physical quantities in time, and can make timely and accurate alarms for coal and gas outburst.
  • the senor of the present invention can simultaneously detect the two physical quantities, it can be combined with other transmission devices to send electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission change signals to the monitoring room in advance, which can seriously affect coal and gas outburst. Taking timely measures to prevent it can avoid serious accidents in coal mines.
  • the invention provides a device for detecting and alarming geological disasters based on the sensor, which can be placed in the ground for several kilometers and can also be in three different directions. At the same time, the three physical quantities of micro-vibration, electromagnetic induction and acoustic emission are detected, which ensures the accuracy of the detection signal and provides a reliable signal for the ground monitoring alarm.
  • the depth of the coal at the distance sensor causes the two physical quantities of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission due to the "lightning" effect, the electromagnetic radiation propagates without time delay, and the acoustic emission signal requires time delay, and its propagation speed is Calculated at 1000 m/s, the delay of the two quantities is 20 milliseconds.
  • the optical fiber sensor of the present invention can completely record this signal, and can determine the number of occurrences of the "lightning” effect, and the position of the "lightning” effect can be determined by the positioning calculation through multiple sensors, so that the "thunder” effect can be determined.
  • the monitoring and alarming device of the invention can timely and accurately detect signals generated during geological changes such as earthquakes, coal mines, mine underground rockburst, coal and gas outburst, rock mass landslide, etc., and pass through fiber optic cable and mining fiber. Audio measuring devices, signal processors and alarm devices send signals to the monitoring room to provide reliable data for the prevention of geological disasters.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the sensor of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the top view of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom view of FIG. Schematic diagram of the monitoring and alarm device for disasters.
  • the technical solution of the sensor for detecting geological disasters is that the structure of the sensor comprises: a first fixing plate 1, a second fixing plate 2 and a third fixing plate 3, three fixed The plates are fixedly connected to each other, and through holes are formed in the middle of each fixing plate. As shown in FIG. 1 , the serial numbers 4, 5 and 6 in FIG. 1 are respectively the through holes on the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 respectively. The through hole and the through hole on the third fixing plate 3.
  • a vibration film 8 is disposed between the bottom surface of the first fixing plate 1 and the upper surface of the second fixing plate 2, and a permanent magnet is disposed on the vibration film 8 of the through hole portion, and the first permanent magnet 9 is disposed on the upper surface of the vibration film 8, and the vibration film is provided.
  • the second permanent magnet 10 is disposed on the lower surface of the first permanent magnet 9, and the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 10 are in contact with the vibrating membrane 8, for example, the S pole of the first permanent magnet 9 is in contact with the vibrating membrane 8, and the second The N pole of the permanent magnet 10 is in contact with the vibration film 8.
  • a vibrating beam 11 and an optical fiber 12 are disposed between the bottom surface of the second fixing plate 2 and the upper surface of the third fixing plate 3.
  • the third permanent magnet 14 is disposed on the upper surface of the vibrating beam 11 at the through hole portion, and the optical fiber 12 at the portion of the through hole is disposed.
  • the fiber grating 13 is mounted thereon, the fiber grating 13 is connected to the vibration beam 11, and the fourth permanent magnet 15 is disposed on the fiber grating 13, and the third permanent magnet 14 and the fourth permanent magnet 15 are located in the same vertical plane, and the two permanent magnets are adjacent to each other.
  • the magnetic poles are different, for example, the N pole of the third permanent magnet 14 is in contact with the vibration beam 11, the S pole of the fourth permanent magnet 15 is in contact with the fiber grating 13, and the second permanent magnet 10 is adjacent to the third permanent magnet 14.
  • the magnetic poles are the same.
  • a further solution of the sensor of the present invention is that the through holes formed in the first fixing plate 1, the second fixing plate 2 and the third fixing plate 3 have the same diameter, the center lines of the three through holes coincide, and the first permanent magnets 9 and 2
  • the permanent magnet 10, the third permanent magnet 14 and the fourth permanent magnet 15 are located in the same vertical plane, the vertical center lines of the four permanent magnets coincide, and the four permanent magnets are located at the center of the through hole, further ensuring the sensing geological change.
  • the first fixing plate 1, the second fixing plate 2 and the third fixing plate 3 on the sensor of the invention have the same shape and size, are fixed by bolts, and the three fixing plates are made of non-magnetic stainless steel or non-electromagnetic shielding materials.
  • the production on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the sensing signal, further enhances the robustness and durability of the sensor to adapt to the complex geological environment.
  • the fiber grating 13 and the vibration beam 11 of the present invention are connected by an adhesive, which is a preferred solution and is convenient for processing and manufacturing.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention for accomplishing the second object of the present invention is a monitoring and alarming device manufactured by using the sensor for detecting geological disasters according to the present invention, which comprises a casing 24, and a first sensor can be installed in the casing 24. 20.
  • the optical fiber of the first sensor 20 is connected to the mining optical fiber audio measuring device 17, and the mining optical fiber audio measuring device 17 is connected to the signal processor and the alarm device.
  • the sensing device for detecting geological change signals uses three sensors to connect the sensing signals to each other, which is the best choice.
  • the specific structure is that it has a housing 24, and three interconnections are installed in the housing 24.
  • the sensor 24 is made of a non-magnetic magnetic stainless steel material, the first sensor 20 is horizontally arranged, the center line of the through hole 21 of the first sensor 20 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the second sensor 19 is located at the top of the first sensor 20 and perpendicular to The first sensor 20, the center line of the second through hole 22 on the second sensor 19 is parallel to the horizontal plane, the third sensor 18 is located at the top of the second sensor 19, and the center line of the third through hole 23 on the third sensor 18 is The center lines of the second through holes 22 on the two sensors 19 are parallel and arranged at 90°, the optical fibers on the three sensors are connected to the mining optical fiber audio measuring device 17, the mining optical fiber audio measuring device 17 and the signal processor and The alarm device is connected.
  • the first sensor 20, the second sensor 19, and the third sensor 18 have the same structure, and the wavelengths of the fiber gratings installed on each sensor are different, and the three sensors are connected in series by a fiber and the optical fiber.
  • the audio measuring device 17 is connected.
  • the fiber on each sensor can also be separately connected to the mining fiber optic audio measuring device 17.
  • each sensor has a first fixed plate 1, a second fixed plate 2 and a third fixed plate. 3.
  • the three fixing plates are fixedly connected to each other, and a through hole is formed in the middle of each fixing plate.
  • a vibration film 8 is installed between the bottom surface of the first fixing plate 1 and the upper surface of the second fixing plate 2, and the vibration film 8 located at the through hole portion is provided.
  • a permanent magnet is disposed on the upper surface of the vibrating membrane 8, and a first permanent magnet 9 is disposed on the lower surface of the vibrating membrane 8.
  • the second permanent magnet 10 is disposed on the lower surface of the vibrating membrane 8, and the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 10 are in contact with the vibrating membrane 8.
  • a vibration beam 11 and an optical fiber 12 are disposed between the bottom surface of the second fixing plate 2 and the upper surface of the third fixing plate 3.
  • the third permanent magnet 14 is disposed on the upper surface of the vibration beam 11 at the through hole portion, and the optical fiber is located at the portion of the through hole.
  • the second permanent magnet 10 and third permanent magnet 14 the same adjacent magnetic poles.
  • the structures of the vibrating membrane and the permanent magnet according to the present invention are all well-known techniques, and the permanent magnet is made of a magnetic material having a Curie temperature of 400 °C.
  • the optical signal for sensing the three sensors of the present invention extracts three different wavelengths of optical signals by the mining optical fiber type audio measuring device 17, and then extracts the sensing of the three sensors through the optical wavelength conversion conversion and the optical amplitude change conversion respectively. signal.
  • the principle of detecting two physical quantities of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission is: in the sensing characteristic of the sensor, the "lightning" effect has a high frequency impact on the electromagnet of the sensor, and the frequency response is greater than 20 kHz, and the amplitude is large.
  • the response frequency of the acoustic emission sensor is lower than 2000Hz.
  • the high-frequency acoustic emission vibration is absorbed in the underground coal rock, and the acoustic emission is slower than the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the two physical quantities have different time delays and frequencies, so they can pass through the well.
  • the mining fiber optic type audio measuring device 17 distinguishes between two physical quantities.
  • the sensor of the present invention has three sensing components, namely: a vibrating membrane, a vibrating beam, and a permanent magnet.
  • the vibration film is vibrated by the acoustic emission. Since the vibration film is located between the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 10, when the local quality change produces an acoustic emission signal, the vibration film is vibrated by the permanent magnet mass. Since the two adjacent magnetic poles of the second permanent magnet 10 and the third permanent magnet 14 are the same and the magnetic properties are opposite, the vibration of the vibration film is sensed by the third permanent magnet 14 to the vibration beam 11 and the fiber grating 15 to make the fiber grating 15 The same vibration as the acoustic emission changes is also produced.
  • the vibrating beam 11 on the sensor is used for the vibration sensing signal generated when the local quality changes, and when the local quality changes to generate vibration, the vibrating beam 11 vibrates due to the action of the permanent magnet mass on the vibrating beam 11 and the fiber grating 13. At the same time, the fiber grating 13 also vibrates.
  • the electromagnetic radiation of the external environment of the sensor changes, for example, the electromagnetic radiation of coal and gas will suddenly increase sharply.
  • the permanent magnet on the sensor will vibrate, causing the vibration beam 11 and the fiber grating 15 to vibrate.
  • the vibration transmits a signal through the optical fiber.
  • the above three physical quantities detected by the sensor transmit signals through the vibration of the fiber grating 13, and when the fiber grating 13 vibrates, the reflected light of the fiber grating 13 generates a change in light intensity, and the reflected light passes the signal to the ground through the optical fiber.
  • the mining device sends an alarm through the signal processor and the alarm device.
  • the invention adopts a double-layer vibration effect, and synthesizes two layers of vibration effects by the magnetic action of the electromagnet, so that the frequency response range of the sensor is expanded.
  • the function of the electromagnet is to sense the external electromagnetic radiation effect and synthesize the two-layer vibration effect of the sensor.
  • the vibration damping parameter of the sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the magnetic magnitude of the permanent magnet.
  • the mining optical fiber type audio measuring device 17 of the present invention is also called a fiber optic audio demodulator, and its product model is ZYQ750.
  • the function of the mining optical fiber audio measuring device 17 is as follows: 1 can accept the wavelength of the fiber grating from 1520 nm to 1560 nm, and convert the amplitude of the wavelength and the wavelength change into an electrical signal; 2 the frequency response range is 1H-100 KHZ; 3 can pass the electrical signal The frequency analysis extracts the audio signal larger than 20KHZ and determines the electromagnetic radiation signal; 4 the extracted 200HZ-2000HZ signal is the acoustic emission signal; 5 the extracted 1HZ-200HZ signal is the micro-vibration signal; 6 can separately extract the sensor through the optical filter Optical signals of different wavelengths.
  • the wavelength of the fiber grating in the first sensor 20 in the monitoring and alarming device for geological disasters according to the present invention is 1545 nm
  • the wavelength of the fiber grating in the second sensor 19 is 1540 nm
  • the wavelength of the fiber grating in the third sensor 18 is 1550 nm. .
  • the vibration film can be 0.08-0.15mm stainless steel film; the diameter of the through hole on the fixing plate is 20mm-50mm; the length L of the vibration beam is larger than the diameter of the through hole on the fixed plate, the vibration beam
  • the width is greater than the width, thickness or length of the permanent magnet.
  • the thickness S of the vibrating beam is 0.05mm-1mm.
  • the vibrating beam is made of stainless steel or soft material.
  • the permanent magnet is made of disc magnet with a thickness of 0.5. Mm-1mm, diameter 2mm-3mm.
  • 7 is a bolt
  • 16 is a fiber optic cable
  • 25 is a mine bell mouth
  • 26 is a signal processor
  • 27 is an alarm.

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Abstract

一种探测地质灾害的传感器及其监测报警装置,包括三个固定板（1，2，3），每个固定板（1，2，3）中间均开设通孔,第一和第二固定板（1，2）之间安装震动膜（8），震动膜（8）的上表面设置第一永久磁铁（9），震动膜下表面设置第二永久磁铁（10），第二与第三固定板（2，3）之间安装震动梁（11）和光纤（12），位于通孔部位的震动梁（11）上表面设置第三永久磁铁（14），位于通孔部位的光纤（12）上安装光纤光栅（13），光纤光栅（13）上设置第四永久磁铁（15），第三和第四永久磁铁（14，15）位于同一垂直平面内，第二与第三永久磁铁（10，14）相邻的磁极相同,该装置能够同时探测微震动，电磁感应和声发射变化的三个地质变化物理量，从而提高预报的准确性，提高抗干扰能力。

Description

一种探测地质灾害的传感器及其监测报警装置 技术领域
本发明涉及传感器和地质灾害探测报警技术领域，是一种探测地质灾害的传感器及其监测报警装置。
 背景技术
由于地震、煤矿、矿山井下冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、岩体滑坡等地质灾害给人类造成的危害极大，因此，世界各国都在努力探索研究对这些地质灾害发生前的信息进行探测，并能及时报警的方案，以达到能够将这些地质灾害造成的生命和财产损失降至最低的目的。根据目前已经报道的资料可知，此类技术方案分为两大类：一类是电子元器件和电子线路组成的探测报警装置，这种装置的不足是，传感器较难埋入地下数千米，并且在传输线所经过的地方会有随机的电磁干扰，因此现有的电系统不能确定是传感器的传感量还是传输过程的电磁辐射干扰量。另外，现有的电系统传感器需要电源，有地面主机向传感器供电源会造成复杂和不稳定，还由于其采用具有传感温度、声波和位移的传感器，在地下200-300℃的温度下无法保证正常工作，因此，探测数据较难达到准确；另一类是采用光纤光栅传感地下信号的装置，这种装置的不足是，传感器只传输压力、位移及温度的变化，以此确定地质灾害的发生，这种探测报警装置对于煤矿井下易发生的瓦斯爆炸事故极难探测准确，导致煤矿井下的瓦斯爆炸事故很难避免。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的之一是，提供一种探测地震灾害的传感器，它克服现有技术的不足，使其同时探测微震动、电磁感应和声发射变化的三个地质变化物理量，从而提高预报的准确性、提高抗干扰能力。
本发明的目的之二是，提供一种地质灾害监测报警装置，使该装置能够准确及时将地质灾害发生前的信号变化情况传至地上。使探测地震、煤矿、矿山井下冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出等地质灾害得到及时准确的信号。
本发明为了实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：一种探测地质灾害的传感器，包括第一固定板、第二固定板和第三固定板，三个固定板相互固定连接，每个固定板中间均开设通孔，第一固定板底表面和第二固定板上表面之间安装震动膜，位于通孔部位的震动膜上设置永久磁铁，震动膜的上表面设置第一永久磁铁，震动膜的下表面设置第二永久磁铁，第一永久磁铁和第二永久磁铁与震动膜接触的磁极不同，第二固定板底表面与第三固定板上表面之间安装震动梁和光纤，位于通孔部位的震动梁上表面设置第三永久磁铁，位于通孔处部位的光纤上安装光纤光栅，光纤光栅与震动梁相连接，光纤光栅上设置第四永久磁铁，第三永久磁铁和第四永久磁铁位于同一垂直平面内，两个永久磁铁相邻的磁极不同，第二永久磁铁与第三永久磁铁相邻的磁极相同。所述第一固定板、第二固定板和第三固定板上开设的通孔直径相同，三个通孔的中心线重合，第一永久磁铁、第二永久磁铁、第三永久磁铁和第四永久磁铁位于同一垂直平面内，四块永久磁铁的垂直中心线重合，四块永久磁铁均位于通孔的中心部位。所述的第一固定板、第二固定板和第三固定板形状和尺寸相同，采用螺栓固定，三个固定板均采用非导磁性不锈钢或非电磁屏蔽性材料制作。所述光纤光栅与震动梁采用粘结剂连接。
一种采用探测地质灾害的传感器制作的监测报警装置，包括壳体，壳体内安装第一传感器，第一传感器的光纤与矿用光纤式音频测量装置连接，矿用光纤式音频测量装置与信号处理器及报警装置连接。所述的壳体内安装采用三个传感器相互连接构成探测地质变化信号的传感装置，第一传感器为水平布置，第一传感器上通孔的中心线与水平面垂直，第二传感器位于第一传感器顶部并垂直于第一传感器，第二传感器上的第二通孔的中心线与水平面平行，第三传感器位于第二传感器顶部，第三传感器上的第三通孔的中心线与第二传感器上的第二通孔的中心线平行并呈90°布置，三个传感器上的光纤与矿用光纤式音频测量装置连接，矿用光纤式音频测量装置与信号处理器及报警装置连接。三个传感器相互连接构成的探测地质变化信号的传感装置通过管道置入地下5000米以下，光纤与地下传感装置连接，并同时与地面上的矿用光纤式音频测量装置连接。第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器结构相同，每个传感器上安装的光纤光栅波长不同，三个传感器采用一根光纤串接。
申请人经过长年研究发现，在地质压力变化的作用下，引起了地质应力的变化，这种应力变化为原发动力，在地层内的有机物构造层引发了“雷电”效应。在煤岩体中的“雷电”效应的形成是在放炮后，煤岩体产生巨大的压力冲击，也产生了应力冲击。粒子之间的相互作用会产生许多效应，其中包括轫致辐射或俄歇效应，发射X光线和俄歇电子。在冲击压力下还会发生许多效应，包括电子的能带机理光辐射、摩擦效应、压电效应、电磁效应等。这些效应的综合结果是：在岩体内产生了电磁辐射和电子、离子的相互作用。这些效应的第一次冲击使得煤岩体物质粒子移动或相互作用。这个相互作用的结果使得煤的大分子结构产生变化，煤的大分子结构部分烷基发生断裂，部分氢（H-）发生断裂，烷基和氢（H-）结合生成新的甲烷（CH4），造成物质体积膨胀。煤岩体体积膨胀会促成其应力的进一步加大，应力变化作用得到了放大，形成第二次粒子激发。这种反复综合的作用是一个系统的正反馈震荡放大系统。这个系统的开始、发展和结束始终伴随着各种辐射效应，类似于我们观察天空中的雷电一样。整个这个发展过程称为“雷电”效应。这种“雷电”效应会引起地层内有机物构造层的进一步应力放大，形成应力放大的正反馈应力放大效应。这种应力放大效应在煤矿、矿山会引发破坏性的冲击地压，在煤矿井下采掘工作面还会引发煤与瓦斯突出。当这个应力反馈放大效应继续放大时，则会引起大级别的地震。为了及时准确检测煤层中发生的“雷电”效应的次数和能级，本发明首先提供了能够探测微震动、声发射和电磁感应变化三个物理量的传感器，在信号传输过程中不受电磁干扰，它首先能够去除传输过程中的干扰，传感器检测的三个物理量可以精确的合成在一个时间坐标轴上，可以准确检测到煤层中发生“雷电”效应的次数和能级。本发明所述的传感器可以将三个物理量的变化同时传输至地面监测报警装置内，给判断地质灾害的发生提供了准确信号。特别是当煤与瓦斯突出时电磁辐射突然增加，同时声发射现象也同时大幅增加，能够及时探测并监测这两个物理量的变化，可对煤与瓦斯突出做出及时准确的报警。由于本发明所述的传感器能够实现同时探测这两个物理量，因此，它能够与其它传输装置结合将电磁辐射和声发射的变化信号提前送入监测室，对煤与瓦斯突出造成的严重后果能及时采取措施进行预防，能够避免煤矿井下发生严重事故。
本发明在提供了传感器的基础上，提供了一种采用该传感器制作的一种能够对地质灾害进行提前监测报警的装置，该装置能够置入地下数千米，并且还能够在三个不同方向同时探测微震动、电磁感应和声发射三个物理量，保证了探测信号的准确性，为地面监测报警提供了可靠的信号。当在距离传感器处煤体深部由于“雷电”效应引发了电磁辐射和声发射两个物理量的变化，电磁辐射的传播是没有时间延时的，而声发射信号需要时间延时，其传播速度以1000米/秒计算，两个量的延时是20毫秒。本发明所述的光纤传感器可以完整地记录这个信号，并可确定“雷电”效应发生的次数，通过多个传感器可以通过定位计算确定“雷电”效应发生的位置，这样就可以确定“雷电”效果的发展趋势，判断“雷电”效应是否放大，达到预测煤与瓦斯突出的目的。
本发明所述的监测报警装置，能够及时准确的对地震、煤矿、矿山井下冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、岩体滑坡等地质变化时发生的信号进行探测，并通过光纤光缆、矿用光纤式音频测量装置、信号处理器及报警装置将信号送入监测室，为预防地质灾害提供了可靠数据。
 附图说明
附图1是本发明所述传感器的结构示意图；附图2是附图1的俯视结构示意图；附图3是附图1的仰视结构示意图；附图4是本发明采用传感器制做的探测地质灾害的监测报警装置结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
对照附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
本发明为完成发生目的之一，提供的一种探测地质灾害的传感器的技术方案是：该传感器的结构包括：第一固定板1、第二固定板2和第三固定板3，三个固定板相互固定连接，每个固定板中间均开设通孔，如图1所示，图1中序号4、5、6分别依次为第一固定板1上的通孔、第二固定板2上的通孔和第三固定板3上的通孔。第一固定板1底表面和第二固定板2上表面之间安装震动膜8，位于通孔部位的震动膜8上设置永久磁铁，震动膜8的上表面设置第一永久磁铁9，震动膜8的下表面设置第二永久磁铁10，第一永久磁铁9和第二永久磁铁10与震动膜8接触的磁极不同，例如：第一永久磁铁9的S极与震动膜8相接触，第二永久磁铁10的N极与震动膜8相接触。第二固定板2底表面与第三固定板3上表面之间安装震动梁11和光纤12，位于通孔部位的震动梁11上表面设置第三永久磁铁14，位于通孔处部位的光纤12上安装光纤光栅13，光纤光栅13与震动梁11相连接，光纤光栅13上设置第四永久磁铁15，第三永久磁铁14和第四永久磁铁15位于同一垂直平面内，两个永久磁铁相邻的磁极不同，例如：第三永久磁铁14的N极与震动梁11相接触，第四永久磁铁15的S极与光纤光栅13相接触，第二永久磁铁10与第三永久磁铁14相邻的磁极相同。
本发明传感器的进一步方案是：第一固定板1、第二固定板2和第三固定板3上开设的通孔直径相同，三个通孔的中心线重合，第一永久磁铁9、第二永久磁铁10、第三永久磁铁14和第四永久磁铁15位于同一垂直平面内，四块永久磁铁的垂直中心线重合，四块永久磁铁均位于通孔的中心部位，进一步保证了传感地质变化时产生的震动、电磁感应和声发射信号的准确性。
本发明所述传感器上的的第一固定板1、第二固定板2和第三固定板3形状和尺寸相同，采用螺栓固定，三个固定板均采用非导磁性不锈钢或非电磁屏蔽性材料制作，在保证了传感信号准确性的基础上，使传感器的坚固性及耐久性进一步加强，以适应复杂的地质环境。
本发明所述的光纤光栅13与震动梁11采用粘结剂连接，是一种优选的方案，便于加工制造。
本发明为了完成发明目的之二提供的技术方案是，一种采用本发明所述的探测地质灾害的传感器制作的监测报警装置，它包括一个壳体24，壳体24内可以安装一个第一传感器20，第一传感器20的光纤与矿用光纤式音频测量装置17连接，矿用光纤式音频测量装置17与信号处理器及报警装置连接。
本发明所述的探测地质变化信号的传感装置，采用三个传感器相互连接传感信号是最佳选择方案，其具体结构为：它有一个壳体24，壳体24内安装三个相互连接的传感器，壳体24采用非导磁性不锈钢材料制作，第一传感器20为水平布置，第一传感器20上通孔21的中心线与水平面垂直，第二传感器19位于第一传感器20顶部并垂直于第一传感器20，第二传感器19上的第二通孔22的中心线与水平面平行，第三传感器18位于第二传感器19顶部，第三传感器18上的第三通孔23的中心线与第二传感器19上的第二通孔22的中心线平行并呈90°布置，三个传感器上的光纤与矿用光纤式音频测量装置17连接，矿用光纤式音频测量装置17与信号处理器及报警装置连接。三个传感器相互连接构成的探测地质变化信号的传感装置通过管道置入地下5000米以下，光纤与地下传感装置连接，并同时与地面上的矿用光纤式音频测量装置17连接。
本发明进一步的方案是：第一传感器20、第二传感器19和第三传感器18结构相同，每个传感器上安装的光纤光栅波长不同，三个传感器采用一根光纤串接后与矿用光纤式音频测量装置17连接。每个传感器上的光纤也可以单独与矿用光纤式音频测量装置17连接。
本发明所述的对地质灾害监测报警装置中采用的三个传感器的结构相同，如图1-3所示，每个传感器均有第一固定板1、第二固定板2和第三固定板3，三个固定板相互固定连接，每个固定板中间均开设通孔，第一固定板1底表面和第二固定板2上表面之间安装震动膜8，位于通孔部位的震动膜8上设置永久磁铁，震动膜8的上表面设置第一永久磁铁9，震动膜8的下表面设置第二永久磁铁10，第一永久磁铁9和第二永久磁铁10与震动膜8接触的磁极不同，第二固定板2底表面与第三固定板3上表面之间安装震动梁11和光纤12，位于通孔部位的震动梁11上表面设置第三永久磁铁14，位于通孔处部位的光纤12上安装光纤光栅13，光纤光栅13与震动梁11相连接，光纤光栅13上设置第四永久磁铁15，第三永久磁铁14和第四永久磁铁15位于同一垂直平面内，两个永久磁铁相邻的磁极不同，第二永久磁铁10与第三永久磁铁14相邻的磁极相同。
本发明所述的震动膜、永久磁铁的结构均为公知技术，永久磁铁选用居里温度为400℃的磁性材料制作。
本发明传感三个传感器的光信号是通过矿用光纤式音频测量装置17分别提取三个传感器不同波长的光信号，再经过光波长变化转换和光幅值变化转换分别提取三个传感器的传感信号。本发明探测电磁辐射和声发射两个物理量的原理是：传感器的传感特性中，“雷电”效应对传感器的电磁铁有高频冲击，其频率响应大于20kHz,且幅值较大。声发射传感器的响应频率低于2000Hz,在地下煤岩中高频的声发射震动量被吸收，声发射传播比电磁辐射传播慢，这两个物理量有时间延时和频率不同，因此可以通过井上的矿用光纤式音频测量装置17区分两个物理量。
本发明所述的传感器上有三个传感部件，即：震动膜、震动梁、永久磁铁。震动膜通过声发射传感震动，由于震动膜位于第一永久磁铁9和第二永久磁铁10之间，所以当地质情况变化产生声发射信号时，通过永久磁铁质量块使震动膜产生震动。由于第二永久磁铁10与第三永久磁铁14的相邻两个磁极相同，磁性相反，因此，震动膜的震动通过第三永久磁铁14传感到震动梁11和光纤光栅15上，使光纤光栅15也产生了与声发射变化的相同的震动。传感器上的震动梁11用于当地质情况变化时产生的震动传感信号，当地质变化产生震动时，由于震动梁11及光纤光栅13上的永久磁铁质量块的作用，使震动梁11产生震动，同时光纤光栅13也随之震动。当传感器外部环境的电磁辐射发生变化时，例如：煤与瓦斯突出电磁辐射会突然大幅度增加，这时，传感器上的永久磁铁会产生震动，从而使震动梁11和光纤光栅15产生震动，这种震动通过光纤传输信号。传感器探测到的上述三个物理量，均通过光纤光栅13的震动传输信号，当光纤光栅13震动时会使光纤光栅13的反射光产生光强度的变化，反射光通过光纤将信号传入地面上的矿用装置，再通过信号处理器和报警装置发出报警。本发明采用双层震动效应，并通过电磁铁的磁作用将两层震动效应合成，使传感器的频率响应范围扩大。电磁铁的作用是：传感外部电磁辐射效应，将传感器两层震动效应合成，通过调整永久磁铁的磁性大小可以调整传感器的震动阻尼参数。
本发明所述的矿用光纤式音频测量装置17商品名也称：光纤音频解调仪，其产品型号为ZYQ750。
矿用光纤式音频测量装置17功能为：①能够接受光纤光栅的波长为1520nm-1560nm，并将波长和波长变化的幅度转换成电信号；②频率响应范围为1H-100KHZ；③能够通过电信号的频率分析提取大于20KHZ的音频信号，确定电磁辐射信号；④提取的200HZ-2000HZ的信号为声发射信号；⑤提取的1HZ-200HZ的信号为微震动信号；⑥能够通过光滤波器分别提取传感器不同波长的光信号。
本发明所述的对地质灾害进行监测报警装置中的第一传感器20内的光纤光栅波长为1545nm，第二传感器19内的光纤光栅波长为1540nm，第三传感器18内的光纤光栅的波长为1550nm。
本发明所述的传感器各部件的相关参数：震动膜可采用0.08-0.15mm不锈钢薄膜；固定板上通孔的直径20mm-50mm；震动梁长度L要大于固定板上通孔的直径，震动梁的宽度大于永久磁铁的宽度、厚度或长度，震动梁的厚度S为0.05mm-1mm，震动梁采用不锈钢材料制作或者也可采用软质材料制作；永久磁铁选用圆盘形磁铁，其厚度为0.5mm-1mm,直径为2mm-3mm。图中7是螺栓，16是光缆，25是矿用喇叭口，26是信号处理器，27是报警器。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种探测地质灾害的传感器，其特征在于：包括第一固定板（1）、第二固定板（2）和第三固定板（3），三个固定板相互固定连接，每个固定板中间均开设通孔，第一固定板（1）底表面和第二固定板（2）上表面之间安装震动膜（8），位于通孔部位的震动膜（8）上设置永久磁铁，震动膜（8）的上表面设置第一永久磁铁（9），震动膜（8）的下表面设置第二永久磁铁（10），第一永久磁铁（9）和第二永久磁铁（10）与震动膜（8）接触的磁极不同，第二固定板（2）底表面与第三固定板（3）上表面之间安装震动梁（11）和光纤（12），位于通孔部位的震动梁（11）上表面设置第三永久磁铁（14），位于通孔处部位的光纤（12）上安装光纤光栅（13），光纤光栅（13）与震动梁（11）相连接，光纤光栅（13）上设置第四永久磁铁（15），第三永久磁铁（14）和第四永久磁铁（15）位于同一垂直平面内，两个永久磁铁相邻的磁极不同，第二永久磁铁（10）与第三永久磁铁（14）相邻的磁极相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种探测地质灾害的传感器，其特征在于：第一固定板（1）、第二固定板（2）和第三固定板（3）上开设的通孔直径相同，三个通孔的中心线重合，第一永久磁铁（9）、第二永久磁铁（10）、第三永久磁铁（14）和第四永久磁铁（15）位于同一垂直平面内，四块永久磁铁的垂直中心线重合，四块永久磁铁均位于通孔的中心部位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种探测地质灾害的传感器，其特征在于：第一固定板（1）、第二固定板（2）和第三固定板（3）形状和尺寸相同，采用螺栓固定，三个固定板均采用非导磁性不锈钢或非电磁屏蔽性材料制作。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种探测地质灾害的传感器，其特征在于：光纤光栅（13）与震动梁（11）采用粘结剂连接。
  5. 一种采用权利要求1-4任一项所述的探测地质灾害的传感器制作的监测报警装置，其特征在于：包括壳体（24），壳体（24）内安装第一传感器（20），第一传感器（20）的光纤与矿用光纤式音频测量装置（17）连接，矿用光纤式音频测量装置（17）与信号处理器及报警装置连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的采用探测地质灾害的传感器制作的监测报警装置，其特征在于：壳体（24）内安装采用三个传感器相互连接构成探测地质变化信号的传感装置，第一传感器（20）为水平布置，第一传感器（20）上通孔（21）的中心线与水平面垂直，第二传感器（19）位于第一传感器（20）顶部并垂直于第一传感器（20），第二传感器（19）上的第二通孔（22）的中心线与水平面平行，第三传感器（18）位于第二传感器（19）顶部，第三传感器（18）上的第三通孔（23）的中心线与第二传感器（19）上的第二通孔（22）的中心线平行并呈90°布置，三个传感器上的光纤与矿用光纤式音频测量装置（17）连接，矿用光纤式音频测量装置（17）与信号处理器及报警装置连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的采用探测地质灾害的传感器制作的监测报警装置，其特征在于：三个传感器相互连接构成的探测地质变化信号的传感装置通过管道置入地下5000米以下，光纤与地下传感装置连接，并同时与地面上的矿用光纤式音频测量装置（17）连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的采用探测地质灾害的传感器制作的监测报警装置，其特征在于：第一传感器（20）、第二传感器（19）和第三传感器（18）结构相同，每个传感器上安装的光纤光栅波长不同，三个传感器采用一根光纤串接。
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