WO2013001796A1 - Procédés et appareils de codage vidéo à l'aide d'un mécanisme de gestion de mémoire adaptative pour des images de référence - Google Patents

Procédés et appareils de codage vidéo à l'aide d'un mécanisme de gestion de mémoire adaptative pour des images de référence Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013001796A1
WO2013001796A1 PCT/JP2012/004139 JP2012004139W WO2013001796A1 WO 2013001796 A1 WO2013001796 A1 WO 2013001796A1 JP 2012004139 W JP2012004139 W JP 2012004139W WO 2013001796 A1 WO2013001796 A1 WO 2013001796A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
picture
reference picture
unit
buffer
high quality
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/004139
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sue Mon Thet Naing
Chong Soon Lim
Viktor Wahadaniah
Hai Wei Sun
Jin Li
Youji Shibahara
Takahiro Nishi
Hisao Sasai
Toshiyasu Sugio
Kyoko Tanikawa
Toru Matsunobu
Original Assignee
Panasonic Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Panasonic Corporation filed Critical Panasonic Corporation
Publication of WO2013001796A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013001796A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/58—Motion compensation with long-term prediction, i.e. the reference frame for a current frame not being the temporally closest one
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/573—Motion compensation with multiple frame prediction using two or more reference frames in a given prediction direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards

Definitions

  • This invention can be used in any multimedia data coding and, more particularly, in image and video coding utilizing more than one reference picture for inter picture prediction.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of such forward bi-predictive inter-picture prediction.
  • two lists of reference pictures are created for bi-predictive inter-picture prediction and the reference pictures that are closer to the current picture are sorted to the top of the lists by a predefined process.
  • the reference pictures that are stored in a decoded picture buffer are removed from the buffer based on a first in first out scheme.
  • the new method allows higher quality reference pictures to be kept in the decoded picture buffer for a longer period than conventional method and thus improve the coding efficiency.
  • this invention delays the removal of high quality reference pictures temporally and removes other reference pictures from the buffer when the buffer is full. It resumes the removal of the high quality reference pictures once the number of high quality reference pictures reaches a certain threshold value.
  • the effect of the current invention is in the form of improvement in coding efficiency as current invention provides the new memory management scheme for reference pictures to improve the picture quality with negligible increase in overhead information.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of bi-predictive inter picture prediction with both predictions in the same direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of assigning different quality levels for different pictures consecutively.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a picture referencing to different quality reference pictures for inter picture prediction.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing video encoding process using the first embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a converting process for a short term reference picture to a long term reference picture using the first embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating example locations for memory management control operation command to manage the memory buffer for reference picture in the first embodiment of the current invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a table showing types of memory management control operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of bi-predictive inter picture prediction with both predictions in the same direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of assigning different quality levels for different pictures consecutively.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus for a video encoder of current invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus for a video decoder of current invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing video encoding process using the second embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing video decoding process using the second embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the process of removing reference pictures from buffer using the second embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a decoded picture buffer can consists of short term, mid term and long term reference pictures.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating example locations for the parameter indicating the maximum number of mid-term reference picture in the second embodiment of the current invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the location of the parameter to identify a key picture in a header of a picture.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing video encoding process using the third embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the process to remove a short term reference picture with the memory management control operation in the third embodiment of current invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a table showing the new memory management control operation type 7 in the second embodiment of the current invention.
  • FIG. 19 shows an overall configuration of a content providing system for implementing content distribution services.
  • FIG. 20 shows an overall configuration of a digital broadcasting system.
  • FIG. 21 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a television.
  • FIG. 22 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an information reproducing/recording unit that reads and writes information from and on a recording medium that is an optical disk.
  • FIG. 23 shows an example of a configuration of a recording medium that is an optical disk.
  • FIG. 24A shows an example of a cellular phone.
  • FIG. 24B is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a cellular phone.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates a structure of multiplexed data.
  • FIG. 26 schematically shows how each stream is multiplexed in multiplexed data.
  • FIG. 27 shows how a video stream is stored in a stream of PES packets in more detail.
  • FIG. 28 shows a structure of TS packets and source packets in the multiplexed data.
  • FIG. 29 shows a data structure of a PMT.
  • FIG. 30 shows an internal structure of multiplexed data information.
  • FIG. 31 shows an internal structure of stream attribute information.
  • FIG. 32 shows steps for identifying video data.
  • FIG. 33 shows an example of a configuration of an integrated circuit for implementing the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method according to each of embodiments.
  • FIG. 34 shows a configuration for switching between driving frequencies.
  • FIG. 35 shows steps for identifying video data and switching between driving frequencies.
  • FIG. 36 shows an example of a look-up table in which video data standards are associated with driving frequencies.
  • FIG. 37A is a diagram showing an example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit.
  • FIG. 37B is a diagram showing another example of a configuration for sharing a module of the signal processing unit.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature; a method of encoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: predetermining a high quality picture buffer size value; setting a different compression parameter for a picture based on its position in time; encoding the first reference picture; judging if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full; locating the second reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number (i.e.
  • said process to remove the third reference picture, comprising of locating a reference picture that is not a high quality reference picture and, having the smallest picture number (i.e. picture order count value); writing a memory management control operation syntax into a header of a picture to remove said located reference picture using its picture number; and removing said reference picture.
  • said high quality picture is a long-term reference picture.
  • said process to judge whether the reference picture is a high quality reference picture is associated with the quantization parameter of said reference picture.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature; a method of encoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: predetermining a non zero value indicating a maximum long term reference index; writing said predetermined maximum long term reference index into a header of a coded picture; setting a different compression parameter for a picture based on its position in time; encoding a reference picture; judging if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full; locating a short term reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number; judging if said short term reference picture is coded with the lowest valued compression parameter; wherein, if said short term reference picture is coded with the lowest valued compression parameter, converting said short term reference picture to a long term reference picture in said buffer; removing another reference picture from said buffer; wherein, if said short term reference picture is not coded with the lowest valued compression parameter, removing said short term reference picture from said buffer; storing the reconstructed reference picture in said buffer.
  • said process to convert short term reference picture to a long term reference picture comprising of determining the picture number of a short term reference picture; counting the total number of long term reference pictures in the decoded picture buffer; judging if said total number is equal to the predetermined maximum number of long term reference index; wherein, if said total number is equal to the predetermined maximum number of long term reference index, locating a long-term reference picture in the buffer that has the lowest picture number; determining the long term reference index assigned to said located long term reference picture; wherein, if said total number not equal to the predetermined maximum number of long term reference index, determining a long term reference index not assigned to any long term reference picture; writing a memory management control operation syntax into a header of a picture to convert a short term reference picture to a long term reference picture using said determined picture number and the determined long term reference index.
  • said process to set different compression parameters to pictures includes setting a lowest valued compression parameter to code a picture with the lowest level of quantization.
  • an apparatus for encoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: determination unit operable to predetermine a non zero value indicating a maximum long term reference index; writing unit operable to write said predetermined maximum long term reference index into a header of a coded picture; setting unit operable to set a different compression parameter for a picture based on its position in time; encoding unit operable to encode a reference picture; judging unit operable to judge if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full; locating unit operable to locate a short term reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number; judging unit operable to locate if said short term reference picture is coded with the lowest valued compression parameter; wherein, if said short term reference picture is coded with the lowest valued compression parameter, converting unit operable to convert said short term reference picture to a long term reference picture in said buffer; removal unit operable to remove another reference picture from said buffer; wherein, if said short
  • said converting unit to convert short term reference picture to a long term reference picture comprising of determination unit operable to determine the picture number of a short term reference picture; counting unit operable to count the total number of long term reference pictures in the decoded picture buffer; judging unit operable to judge if said total number is equal to the predetermined maximum number of long term reference index; wherein, if said total number is equal to the predetermined maximum number of long term reference index, locating unit operable to locate a long-term reference picture in the buffer that has the lowest picture number; determining unit operable to determine the long term reference index assigned to said located long term reference picture; wherein, if said total number not equal to the predetermined maximum number of long term reference index, determining unit operable to determine a long term reference index not assigned to any long term reference picture; writing unit operable to write a memory management control operation syntax into a header of a picture to convert a short term reference picture to a long term reference picture using said determined picture number and the determined long term reference index.
  • said setting unit to set different compression parameters to pictures includes setting a lowest valued compression parameter to code a picture with the lowest level of quantization.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature; a method of encoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: predetermining a value indicating a maximum size of a mid-term reference picture buffer; writing said maximum size value into a header; classifying whether a picture is a key picture or a non key picture based on its POC value; writing said classification into said header of the reference picture; encoding said reference picture; judging if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full, locating a short term reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number; judging if said located short term reference picture is a key picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is a key picture, removing a reference picture from the buffer; converting said short term reference picture to a mid-term reference picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is not a key picture, removing said located short term reference picture; storing the reconstructed reference picture into said buffer as a short term reference picture.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature; a method of decoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: parsing a value from a header indicating the size of a maximum size of a mid-term reference picture buffer; parsing a parameter from a header of a coded reference picture indicating if said picture is a key picture; decoding said reference picture; judging if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full, locating a short term reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number; judging if said located short term reference picture is a key picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is a key picture, removing a reference picture from the buffer; converting said short term reference picture to a mid-term reference picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is not a key picture, removing said located short term reference picture; storing the reconstructed reference picture into said buffer as a short term reference picture.
  • a key picture is a reference picture with a lower level of quantization compared to the rest of the reference pictures.
  • said process to convert said short term reference picture to a mid-term reference picture comprising of counting the total number of mid-term reference pictures in said decoded picture buffer; judging if said total number is less than said maximum size of mid-term reference picture buffer; wherein, if said total number is less than said maximum size of mid-term reference picture buffer, locating a short-term reference picture that has the second smallest picture number among other short-term reference pictures in said buffer; wherein, if said total number is not less than said maximum size of mid-term reference picture buffer, locating a mid-term reference picture that has the smallest picture number among other mid-term reference pictures in said buffer; removing said located reference picture from the buffer.
  • an apparatus for encoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: determination unit operable to predetermine a value indicating a maximum size of a mid-term reference picture buffer; writing unit operable to write said maximum size value into a header; classifying unit operable to classify whether a picture is a key picture or a non key picture based on its POC value; writing unit operable to write said classification into said header of the reference picture; encoding unit operable to encode said reference picture; judging unit operable to judge if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full, locating unit operable to locate a short term reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number; judging unit operable to judge if said located short term reference picture is a key picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is a key picture, removal unit operable to remove a reference picture from the buffer; converting unit operable to convert said short term reference picture to a mid-term
  • an apparatus for decoding video using adaptive memory management scheme for reference pictures comprising of: parsing unit operable to parse a value from a header indicating the size of a maximum size of a mid-term reference picture buffer; parsing unit operable to parse a parameter from a header of a coded reference picture indicating if said picture is a key picture; decoding unit operable to decode said reference picture; judging unit operable to judge if a decoded picture buffer is full; wherein, if said decoded picture buffer is full, locating unit operable to locate a short term reference picture in said buffer having the lowest picture number; judging unit operable to judge if said located short term reference picture is a key picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is a key picture, removing unit operable to remove a reference picture from the buffer; converting unit operable to convert said short term reference picture to a mid-term reference picture; wherein, if said located short term reference picture is not
  • a key picture is a reference picture with a lower level of quantization compared to the rest of the reference pictures.
  • said converting unit to convert short term reference picture to a mid-term reference picture comprising of counting unit operable to count the total number of mid-term reference pictures in said decoded picture buffer; judging unit operable to judge if said total number is less than said maximum size of mid-term reference picture buffer; wherein, if said total number is less than said maximum size of mid-term reference picture buffer, locating unit operable to locate a short-term reference picture that has the second smallest picture number among other short-term reference pictures in said buffer; wherein, if said total number is not less than said maximum size of mid-term reference picture buffer, locating unit operable to locate a mid-term reference picture that has the smallest picture number among other mid-term reference pictures in said buffer; removing unit operable to remove said located reference picture from the buffer.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart illustrating a video encoding process using the first embodiment of current invention.
  • a non-zero value, indicating a maximum long term reference index is predetermined.
  • the predetermined maximum long term reference index is written into header of a coded picture.
  • a different compression parameter which includes a lowest compression parameter value for a picture is set based on its position in time.
  • the reference picture is encoded.
  • a judgment is made to see whether the decoded picture buffer is full.
  • a short term picture is located in the buffer in module 410.
  • the short term picture is located based on its picture number, having the lowest picture number value.
  • the short term picture is judged whether it is coded with a lowest valued compression parameter.
  • the picture is removed from the buffer in module 414.
  • module 416 the picture is converted to a long term picture in the buffer. After that, a short term reference picture with lowest compression parameter from the buffer is removed in module 418.
  • the reconstructed reference picture is stored in said buffer.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart illustrating a converting process of a short term reference picture to a long term reference picture using the first embodiment of current invention.
  • the picture number of a short term reference picture was determined.
  • the total number of long term reference pictures in the buffer is counted.
  • the comparison was made in module 504 to see whether said counted number is equal to the predefined maximum number of long term reference index.
  • module 506 If the counted number is not equal to maximum number of long term reference index, in module 506, a long term reference index that is not assigned to any long term reference picture in the buffer is determined.
  • the long term reference picture is located in the buffer.
  • the long term reference picture is located based on its picture order count, having the lowest picture order count value.
  • the determination is made for the long term reference index that is assigned to the long term reference picture.
  • module 512 the memory management control operation syntax is written into a header of a picture to convert a short term reference picture to a long term reference picture using said determined picture order count and said determining long term reference index.
  • FIG. 6 (ii) An example of the location for the memory management control operation described above is shown in FIG. 6 (ii) and the example of memory management control operation 3 and 4 is shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus of a video encoder using the current invention. As shown in the figure, it comprises of a subtraction unit 800, a transform unit 802, a quantization unit 804, an entropy coding unit 806, an inverse quantization unit 808, an inverse transform unit 810, an adder unit 812, a filtering unit 814, a frame memory unit 816, an adaptive memory management unit 818, two memory units 820 and 832, a motion estimation unit 822, a motion compensation unit 824, a selector unit 826, an intra prediction unit 828 and an intra prediction mode selection unit 830.
  • the intra prediction mode selection unit 828 reads a block of original samples D801 and reconstructed samples D827 from a memory unit 830 to output an intra prediction mode D831.
  • the intra prediction unit 826 reads the intra prediction mode D831 and the reconstructed samples D829 and outputs a block of intra prediction samples D833.
  • the motion estimation unit 820 reads the block of original samples D801, a reconstructed picture D821 stored in the memory unit 818 and outputs motion prediction parameters D823.
  • the motion compensation 822 reads the motion prediction parameters D823 and the reconstructed picture D821 and outputs a block of motion predicted samples D825.
  • the selector unit 824 selects either the block of intra predicted samples D833 or the block of motion predicted samples D825 and outputs a block of prediction samples D835 to the subtraction unit 800.
  • the subtraction unit 800 reads the block of original samples D801 and the block of prediction samples D835 and outputs a block of residual samples D803.
  • the transform unit 802 reads the block of residual samples D803 and outputs a block of transform coefficients D805.
  • the quantization unit 804 reads the block of transform coefficients D805 and outputs the quantized coefficients D807 to the entropy coding unit 806 which outputs the compressed video.
  • the inverse quantization unit 808 reads the quantized transform coefficients D807 and outputs the inverse quantized transform coefficients D811.
  • the inverse transform unit 810 reads the inverse quantized transform coefficients D811 and outputs a block of reconstructed residuals D813.
  • the adder unit 812 reads the block of reconstructed residuals D813 and the block of prediction samples D835 and outputs a block of reconstructed samples D815. Some of the reconstructed samples are stored in the memory unit 828.
  • the filtering unit 814 finally reads the block of reconstructed samples and outputs the block of filtered samples to the frame memory unit 816.
  • the adaptive memory management unit 818 reads the stored reference picture D819 from the frame memory unit 816 and outputs selected reference picture D821 to store in the memory unit 820.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus of a video decoder using current invention. It consists of entropy decoding unit 900, an inverse quantization unit 902, an inverse transform unit 904, an adder unit 906, a filtering unit 908, a selector unit 910, three memory units 912, 914 and 918, an adaptive memory management unit 916, a motion compensation unit 920 and an intra prediction unit 922.
  • the entropy decoding unit 900 reads a compressed video and outputs a block of quantized coefficients D903.
  • the inverse quantization unit 902 reads the quantized transform coefficients D903 and outputs the inverse quantized transform coefficients D905.
  • the inverse transform unit 904 reads the inverse quantized transform coefficients D905 and outputs a block of reconstructed residuals D907.
  • the adder unit 906 reads the block of reconstructed residuals D907 and the block of prediction samples D925 and outputs a block of reconstructed samples D909. Some of the reconstructed samples are stored in the memory unit 912.
  • the filtering unit 908 reads the block of reconstructed samples D909 and outputs the block of filtered samples D911 to the frame memory unit 914.
  • the adaptive memory management unit 916 reads the stored reference picture D913 from the frame memory unit 914 and outputs selected reference picture D915 to store in the memory unit 918.
  • the block of filtered samples D911 is also outputted as the reconstructed video.
  • the motion compensation unit 920 reads reconstructed samples D917 from the memory unit 918 and outputs a block of motion predicted samples D919 to the selector unit 910.
  • the intra prediction unit 922 reads reconstructed samples from the memory unit 912 and outputs a block of intra predicted samples D923 to the selector unit 910.
  • the selector unit 910 selects either the block of intra prediction samples D923 or the block of motion predicted samples D919 and outputs a block of prediction samples D925 to the adder unit 906.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a video encoding process using the second embodiment of current invention.
  • a value indicating the size of a mid-term reference picture buffer is predetermined. And the size value is written into a header in module 1002. Based on a picture's POC value, the picture is classified whether it is a key picture or non key picture in module 1004.
  • module 1006 the classification of the reference frame is written into the header of the coded reference picture.
  • the reference picture is encoded in module 1008.
  • a judgment is made to see whether the decoded picture buffer is full.
  • a short term picture is located in said buffer in module 1012.
  • the short term picture is located based on its picture number, having the lowest picture number value.
  • the located short term picture is judged whether it is a key picture.
  • the reference picture is removed from the buffer in module 1016. If said short term picture is a key picture, the reference picture is removed from the buffer in module 1018. And the removed short term picture is converted to a mid-term picture in module 1020.
  • the reconstructed reference picture is stored into the buffer as a short term reference picture.
  • FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a video decoding process using the second embodiment of current invention.
  • a value that indicates the size of a mid-term reference picture buffer is parsed from a header of a bitstream.
  • a parameter that indicates whether the coded reference picture is a key picture is parsed from a header of the coded reference picture.
  • the reference picture is later decoded in module 1104.
  • module 1106 a judgment is made to see whether the decoded picture buffer is full.
  • a short term picture is located in the buffer in module 1108.
  • the short term picture is located based on its picture number, having the lowest picture number value.
  • the located short term picture is judged whether it is a key picture.
  • the reference picture is removed from the buffer in module 1116. If said short term picture is a key picture, the reference picture is removed from the buffer in module 1112. And the removed short term reference picture is converted to a mid-term reference picture in module 1114.
  • the reconstructed reference picture is stored into the buffer as a short term reference picture.
  • An example of the location for key picture flag is shown in FIG. 15.
  • the flag to identify the key picture could be in coded slice header, coded picture parameter set or NAL unit header.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating the process of removing reference pictures from buffer using the second embodiment of current invention. Firstly in module 1200, the total number of mid-term reference picture in the buffer is counted. Next, the comparison was made in module 1202 to see whether the counted number is less than the predefined maximum size of the buffer.
  • module 1206 a mid-term reference picture that has the smallest picture number among the other mid-term reference pictures in the buffer is located.
  • the short-term reference picture that has the second lowest picture number in the buffer is located.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of the location for maximum number of mid-term reference picture in coded sequence parameter set and the location for the memory management control operation 7 is illustrated FIG. 14 (ii).
  • An example of the new memory management control operation type 7 is shown in FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating video encoding process using the third embodiment of current invention.
  • a size value for a high quality picture buffer is predetermined.
  • the high quality picture buffer size can be a size of a virtual reference picture buffer containing one or more high quality pictures, up to a predefined maximum number of high quality pictures allowed to be used as reference for inter prediction of a picture or allowed to store in a reference picture buffer.
  • This high quality picture buffer can be a part of a decoded picture buffer.
  • a different compression parameter is set for the pictures in module 1602 which includes a lowest compression parameter value.
  • a judgment is made to see whether the decoded picture buffer is full.
  • a short term picture with the lowest picture number value is located in the buffer in module 1608.
  • the located short term picture is judged whether it is a high quality reference picture.
  • a picture having lower quantization parameter (QP) value that was signaled from its picture parameter set (PPS) as compared to a plurality of pictures.
  • QP quantization parameter
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • a picture having a lower average QP value used for quantization of a picture as compared to the average QP values of a plurality of pictures.
  • a reconstructed picture having a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) as compared to a plurality of pictures.
  • PSNR peak signal-to-noise ratio
  • module 1612 the consecutive number of high quality reference picture is counted in ascending order of picture number, starting from lowest value. And then in module 1614, the counted number is judged whether the number is greater than the predefined high quality picture buffer size value.
  • the located short term reference picture with the lowest picture number is removed from the buffer in module 1618.
  • the reconstructed reference picture is stored into the buffer in module 1620.
  • FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating the process to remove a short term reference picture with the memory management control operation in the third embodiment of current invention.
  • a short term reference picture that is not a high quality reference picture, having the smallest picture number is located in the buffer.
  • a memory management control operation syntax is written into a header of a picture to remove the short term reference picture based on its picture number.
  • the located short term reference picture is removed from the buffer.
  • the processing described in each of embodiments can be simply implemented in an independent computer system, by recording, in a recording medium, a program for implementing the configurations of the moving picture coding method (image coding method) and the moving picture decoding method (image decoding method) described in each of embodiments.
  • the recording media may be any recording media as long as the program can be recorded, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magnetic optical disk, an IC card, and a semiconductor memory.
  • the system has a feature of having an image coding and decoding apparatus that includes an image coding apparatus using the image coding method and an image decoding apparatus using the image decoding method.
  • Other configurations in the system can be changed as appropriate depending on the cases.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an overall configuration of a content providing system ex100 for implementing content distribution services.
  • the area for providing communication services is divided into cells of desired size, and base stations ex106, ex107, ex108, ex109, and ex110 which are fixed wireless stations are placed in each of the cells.
  • the content providing system ex100 is connected to devices, such as a computer ex111, a personal digital assistant (PDA) ex112, a camera ex113, a cellular phone ex114 and a game machine ex115, via the Internet ex101, an Internet service provider ex102, a telephone network ex104, as well as the base stations ex106 to ex110, respectively.
  • devices such as a computer ex111, a personal digital assistant (PDA) ex112, a camera ex113, a cellular phone ex114 and a game machine ex115, via the Internet ex101, an Internet service provider ex102, a telephone network ex104, as well as the base stations ex106 to ex110, respectively.
  • each device may be directly connected to the telephone network ex104, rather than via the base stations ex106 to ex110 which are the fixed wireless stations.
  • the devices may be interconnected to each other via a short distance wireless communication and others.
  • the camera ex113 such as a digital video camera
  • a camera ex116 such as a digital camera
  • the cellular phone ex114 may be the one that meets any of the standards such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) (registered trademark), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and High Speed Packet Access (HSPA).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • W-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • HSPA High Speed Packet Access
  • the cellular phone ex114 may be a Personal Handyphone System (PHS).
  • PHS Personal Handyphone System
  • a streaming server ex103 is connected to the camera ex113 and others via the telephone network ex104 and the base station ex109, which enables distribution of images of a live show and others.
  • a content for example, video of a music live show
  • the camera ex113 is coded as described above in each of embodiments (i.e., the camera functions as the image coding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention), and the coded content is transmitted to the streaming server ex103.
  • the streaming server ex103 carries out stream distribution of the transmitted content data to the clients upon their requests.
  • the clients include the computer ex111, the PDA ex112, the camera ex113, the cellular phone ex114, and the game machine ex115 that are capable of decoding the above-mentioned coded data.
  • Each of the devices that have received the distributed data decodes and reproduces the coded data (i.e., functions as the image decoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention).
  • the captured data may be coded by the camera ex113 or the streaming server ex103 that transmits the data, or the coding processes may be shared between the camera ex113 and the streaming server ex103.
  • the distributed data may be decoded by the clients or the streaming server ex103, or the decoding processes may be shared between the clients and the streaming server ex103.
  • the data of the still images and video captured by not only the camera ex113 but also the camera ex116 may be transmitted to the streaming server ex103 through the computer ex111.
  • the coding processes may be performed by the camera ex116, the computer ex111, or the streaming server ex103, or shared among them.
  • the coding and decoding processes may be performed by an LSI ex500 generally included in each of the computer ex111 and the devices.
  • the LSI ex500 may be configured of a single chip or a plurality of chips.
  • Software for coding and decoding video may be integrated into some type of a recording medium (such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, and a hard disk) that is readable by the computer ex111 and others, and the coding and decoding processes may be performed using the software.
  • a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, and a hard disk
  • the video data obtained by the camera may be transmitted.
  • the video data is data coded by the LSI ex500 included in the cellular phone ex114.
  • the streaming server ex103 may be composed of servers and computers, and may decentralize data and process the decentralized data, record, or distribute data.
  • the clients may receive and reproduce the coded data in the content providing system ex100.
  • the clients can receive and decode information transmitted by the user, and reproduce the decoded data in real time in the content providing system ex100, so that the user who does not have any particular right and equipment can implement personal broadcasting.
  • At least one of the moving picture coding apparatus (image coding apparatus) and the moving picture decoding apparatus (image decoding apparatus) described in each of embodiments may be implemented in a digital broadcasting system ex200 illustrated in FIG. 20. More specifically, a broadcast station ex201 communicates or transmits, via radio waves to a broadcast satellite ex202, multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data and others onto video data.
  • the video data is data coded by the moving picture coding method described in each of embodiments (i.e., data coded by the image coding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention).
  • the broadcast satellite ex202 Upon receipt of the multiplexed data, transmits radio waves for broadcasting.
  • a home-use antenna ex204 with a satellite broadcast reception function receives the radio waves.
  • a device such as a television (receiver) ex300 and a set top box (STB) ex217 decodes the received multiplexed data, and reproduces the decoded data (i.e., functions as the image decoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention).
  • a reader/recorder ex218 (i) reads and decodes the multiplexed data recorded on a recording medium ex215, such as a DVD and a BD, or (i) codes video signals in the recording medium ex215, and in some cases, writes data obtained by multiplexing an audio signal on the coded data.
  • the reader/recorder ex218 can include the moving picture decoding apparatus or the moving picture coding apparatus as shown in each of embodiments. In this case, the reproduced video signals are displayed on the monitor ex219, and can be reproduced by another device or system using the recording medium ex215 on which the multiplexed data is recorded.
  • the moving picture decoding apparatus in the set top box ex217 connected to the cable ex203 for a cable television or to the antenna ex204 for satellite and/or terrestrial broadcasting, so as to display the video signals on the monitor ex219 of the television ex300.
  • the moving picture decoding apparatus may be implemented not in the set top box but in the television ex300.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates the television (receiver) ex300 that uses the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method described in each of embodiments.
  • the television ex300 includes: a tuner ex301 that obtains or provides multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data onto video data, through the antenna ex204 or the cable ex203, etc. that receives a broadcast; a modulation/demodulation unit ex302 that demodulates the received multiplexed data or modulates data into multiplexed data to be supplied outside; and a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303 that demultiplexes the modulated multiplexed data into video data and audio data, or multiplexes video data and audio data coded by a signal processing unit ex306 into data.
  • the television ex300 further includes: a signal processing unit ex306 including an audio signal processing unit ex304 and a video signal processing unit ex305 that decode audio data and video data and code audio data and video data, respectively (which function as the image coding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus according to the aspects of the present invention); and an output unit ex309 including a speaker ex307 that provides the decoded audio signal, and a display unit ex308 that displays the decoded video signal, such as a display. Furthermore, the television ex300 includes an interface unit ex317 including an operation input unit ex312 that receives an input of a user operation.
  • the television ex300 includes a control unit ex310 that controls overall each constituent element of the television ex300, and a power supply circuit unit ex311 that supplies power to each of the elements.
  • the interface unit ex317 may include: a bridge ex313 that is connected to an external device, such as the reader/recorder ex218; a slot unit ex314 for enabling attachment of the recording medium ex216, such as an SD card; a driver ex315 to be connected to an external recording medium, such as a hard disk; and a modem ex316 to be connected to a telephone network.
  • the recording medium ex216 can electrically record information using a non-volatile/volatile semiconductor memory element for storage.
  • the constituent elements of the television ex300 are connected to each other through a synchronous bus.
  • the television ex300 decodes multiplexed data obtained from outside through the antenna ex204 and others and reproduces the decoded data
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303 demultiplexes the multiplexed data demodulated by the modulation/demodulation unit ex302, under control of the control unit ex310 including a CPU.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex304 decodes the demultiplexed audio data
  • the video signal processing unit ex305 decodes the demultiplexed video data, using the decoding method described in each of embodiments, in the television ex300.
  • the output unit ex309 provides the decoded video signal and audio signal outside, respectively.
  • the signals may be temporarily stored in buffers ex318 and ex319, and others so that the signals are reproduced in synchronization with each other.
  • the television ex300 may read multiplexed data not through a broadcast and others but from the recording media ex215 and ex216, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a SD card.
  • the recording media ex215 and ex216 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a SD card.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex304 codes an audio signal
  • the video signal processing unit ex305 codes a video signal, under control of the control unit ex310 using the coding method described in each of embodiments.
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303 multiplexes the coded video signal and audio signal, and provides the resulting signal outside.
  • the signals may be temporarily stored in the buffers ex320 and ex321, and others so that the signals are reproduced in synchronization with each other.
  • the buffers ex318, ex319, ex320, and ex321 may be plural as illustrated, or at least one buffer may be shared in the television ex300. Furthermore, data may be stored in a buffer so that the system overflow and underflow may be avoided between the modulation/demodulation unit ex302 and the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303, for example.
  • the television ex300 may include a configuration for receiving an AV input from a microphone or a camera other than the configuration for obtaining audio and video data from a broadcast or a recording medium, and may code the obtained data.
  • the television ex300 can code, multiplex, and provide outside data in the description, it may be capable of only receiving, decoding, and providing outside data but not the coding, multiplexing, and providing outside data.
  • the reader/recorder ex218 when the reader/recorder ex218 reads or writes multiplexed data from or on a recording medium, one of the television ex300 and the reader/recorder ex218 may decode or code the multiplexed data, and the television ex300 and the reader/recorder ex218 may share the decoding or coding.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a configuration of an information reproducing/recording unit ex400 when data is read or written from or on an optical disk.
  • the information reproducing/recording unit ex400 includes constituent elements ex401, ex402, ex403, ex404, ex405, ex406, and ex407 to be described hereinafter.
  • the optical head ex401 irradiates a laser spot in a recording surface of the recording medium ex215 that is an optical disk to write information, and detects reflected light from the recording surface of the recording medium ex215 to read the information.
  • the modulation recording unit ex402 electrically drives a semiconductor laser included in the optical head ex401, and modulates the laser light according to recorded data.
  • the reproduction demodulating unit ex403 amplifies a reproduction signal obtained by electrically detecting the reflected light from the recording surface using a photo detector included in the optical head ex401, and demodulates the reproduction signal by separating a signal component recorded on the recording medium ex215 to reproduce the necessary information.
  • the buffer ex404 temporarily holds the information to be recorded on the recording medium ex215 and the information reproduced from the recording medium ex215.
  • the disk motor ex405 rotates the recording medium ex215.
  • the servo control unit ex406 moves the optical head ex401 to a predetermined information track while controlling the rotation drive of the disk motor ex405 so as to follow the laser spot.
  • the system control unit ex407 controls overall the information reproducing/recording unit ex400.
  • the reading and writing processes can be implemented by the system control unit ex407 using various information stored in the buffer ex404 and generating and adding new information as necessary, and by the modulation recording unit ex402, the reproduction demodulating unit ex403, and the servo control unit ex406 that record and reproduce information through the optical head ex401 while being operated in a coordinated manner.
  • the system control unit ex407 includes, for example, a microprocessor, and executes processing by causing a computer to execute a program for read and write.
  • the optical head ex401 may perform high-density recording using near field light.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates the recording medium ex215 that is the optical disk.
  • an information track ex230 records, in advance, address information indicating an absolute position on the disk according to change in a shape of the guide grooves.
  • the address information includes information for determining positions of recording blocks ex231 that are a unit for recording data. Reproducing the information track ex230 and reading the address information in an apparatus that records and reproduces data can lead to determination of the positions of the recording blocks.
  • the recording medium ex215 includes a data recording area ex233, an inner circumference area ex232, and an outer circumference area ex234.
  • the data recording area ex233 is an area for use in recording the user data.
  • the inner circumference area ex232 and the outer circumference area ex234 that are inside and outside of the data recording area ex233, respectively are for specific use except for recording the user data.
  • the information reproducing/recording unit 400 reads and writes coded audio, coded video data, or multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing the coded audio and video data, from and on the data recording area ex233 of the recording medium ex215.
  • optical disk having a layer such as a DVD and a BD
  • the optical disk is not limited to such, and may be an optical disk having a multilayer structure and capable of being recorded on a part other than the surface.
  • the optical disk may have a structure for multidimensional recording/reproduction, such as recording of information using light of colors with different wavelengths in the same portion of the optical disk and for recording information having different layers from various angles.
  • a car ex210 having an antenna ex205 can receive data from the satellite ex202 and others, and reproduce video on a display device such as a car navigation system ex211 set in the car ex210, in the digital broadcasting system ex200.
  • a configuration of the car navigation system ex211 will be a configuration, for example, including a GPS receiving unit from the configuration illustrated in FIG. 21. The same will be true for the configuration of the computer ex111, the cellular phone ex114, and others.
  • FIG. 24A illustrates the cellular phone ex114 that uses the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method described in embodiments.
  • the cellular phone ex114 includes: an antenna ex350 for transmitting and receiving radio waves through the base station ex110; a camera unit ex365 capable of capturing moving and still images; and a display unit ex358 such as a liquid crystal display for displaying the data such as decoded video captured by the camera unit ex365 or received by the antenna ex350.
  • the cellular phone ex114 further includes: a main body unit including an operation key unit ex366; an audio output unit ex357 such as a speaker for output of audio; an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for input of audio; a memory unit ex367 for storing captured video or still pictures, recorded audio, coded or decoded data of the received video, the still pictures, e-mails, or others; and a slot unit ex364 that is an interface unit for a recording medium that stores data in the same manner as the memory unit ex367.
  • a main body unit including an operation key unit ex366; an audio output unit ex357 such as a speaker for output of audio; an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for input of audio; a memory unit ex367 for storing captured video or still pictures, recorded audio, coded or decoded data of the received video, the still pictures, e-mails, or others; and a slot unit ex364 that is an interface unit for a recording medium that stores data in the same manner as
  • a main control unit ex360 designed to control overall each unit of the main body including the display unit ex358 as well as the operation key unit ex366 is connected mutually, via a synchronous bus ex370, to a power supply circuit unit ex361, an operation input control unit ex362, a video signal processing unit ex355, a camera interface unit ex363, a liquid crystal display (LCD) control unit ex359, a modulation/demodulation unit ex352, a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353, an audio signal processing unit ex354, the slot unit ex364, and the memory unit ex367.
  • a power supply circuit unit ex361 an operation input control unit ex362
  • a video signal processing unit ex355 a camera interface unit ex363, a liquid crystal display (LCD) control unit ex359
  • a modulation/demodulation unit ex352 a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353, an audio signal processing unit ex354, the slot unit ex364, and the memory unit ex367.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the power supply circuit unit ex361 supplies the respective units with power from a battery pack so as to activate the cell phone ex114.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex354 converts the audio signals collected by the audio input unit ex356 in voice conversation mode into digital audio signals under the control of the main control unit ex360 including a CPU, ROM, and RAM. Then, the modulation/demodulation unit ex352 performs spread spectrum processing on the digital audio signals, and the transmitting and receiving unit ex351 performs digital-to-analog conversion and frequency conversion on the data, so as to transmit the resulting data via the antenna ex350. Also, in the cellular phone ex114, the transmitting and receiving unit ex351 amplifies the data received by the antenna ex350 in voice conversation mode and performs frequency conversion and the analog-to-digital conversion on the data. Then, the modulation/demodulation unit ex352 performs inverse spread spectrum processing on the data, and the audio signal processing unit ex354 converts it into analog audio signals, so as to output them via the audio output unit ex357.
  • the video signal processing unit ex355 compresses and codes video signals supplied from the camera unit ex365 using the moving picture coding method shown in each of embodiments (i.e., functions as the image coding apparatus according to the aspect of the present invention), and transmits the coded video data to the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex354 codes audio signals collected by the audio input unit ex356, and transmits the coded audio data to the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353.
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353 multiplexes the coded video data supplied from the video signal processing unit ex355 and the coded audio data supplied from the audio signal processing unit ex354, using a predetermined method. Then, the modulation/demodulation unit (modulation/demodulation circuit unit) ex352 performs spread spectrum processing on the multiplexed data, and the transmitting and receiving unit ex351 performs digital-to-analog conversion and frequency conversion on the data so as to transmit the resulting data via the antenna ex350.
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353 demultiplexes the multiplexed data into a video data bit stream and an audio data bit stream, and supplies the video signal processing unit ex355 with the coded video data and the audio signal processing unit ex354 with the coded audio data, through the synchronous bus ex370.
  • the video signal processing unit ex355 decodes the video signal using a moving picture decoding method corresponding to the moving picture coding method shown in each of embodiments (i.e., functions as the image decoding apparatus according to the aspect of the present invention), and then the display unit ex358 displays, for instance, the video and still images included in the video file linked to the Web page via the LCD control unit ex359. Furthermore, the audio signal processing unit ex354 decodes the audio signal, and the audio output unit ex357 provides the audio.
  • a terminal such as the cellular phone ex114 probably have 3 types of implementation configurations including not only (i) a transmitting and receiving terminal including both a coding apparatus and a decoding apparatus, but also (ii) a transmitting terminal including only a coding apparatus and (iii) a receiving terminal including only a decoding apparatus.
  • the digital broadcasting system ex200 receives and transmits the multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data onto video data in the description, the multiplexed data may be data obtained by multiplexing not audio data but character data related to video onto video data, and may be not multiplexed data but video data itself.
  • the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method in each of embodiments can be used in any of the devices and systems described.
  • the advantages described in each of embodiments can be obtained.
  • Video data can be generated by switching, as necessary, between (i) the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus shown in each of embodiments and (ii) a moving picture coding method or a moving picture coding apparatus in conformity with a different standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1.
  • a different standard such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1.
  • multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data and others onto video data has a structure including identification information indicating to which standard the video data conforms.
  • the specific structure of the multiplexed data including the video data generated in the moving picture coding method and by the moving picture coding apparatus shown in each of embodiments will be hereinafter described.
  • the multiplexed data is a digital stream in the MPEG-2 Transport Stream format.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates a structure of the multiplexed data.
  • the multiplexed data can be obtained by multiplexing at least one of a video stream, an audio stream, a presentation graphics stream (PG), and an interactive graphics stream.
  • the video stream represents primary video and secondary video of a movie
  • the audio stream (IG) represents a primary audio part and a secondary audio part to be mixed with the primary audio part
  • the presentation graphics stream represents subtitles of the movie.
  • the primary video is normal video to be displayed on a screen
  • the secondary video is video to be displayed on a smaller window in the primary video.
  • the interactive graphics stream represents an interactive screen to be generated by arranging the GUI components on a screen.
  • the video stream is coded in the moving picture coding method or by the moving picture coding apparatus shown in each of embodiments, or in a moving picture coding method or by a moving picture coding apparatus in conformity with a conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1.
  • the audio stream is coded in accordance with a standard, such as Dolby-AC-3, Dolby Digital Plus, MLP, DTS, DTS-HD, and linear PCM.
  • Each stream included in the multiplexed data is identified by PID. For example, 0x1011 is allocated to the video stream to be used for video of a movie, 0x1100 to 0x111F are allocated to the audio streams, 0x1200 to 0x121F are allocated to the presentation graphics streams, 0x1400 to 0x141F are allocated to the interactive graphics streams, 0x1B00 to 0x1B1F are allocated to the video streams to be used for secondary video of the movie, and 0x1A00 to 0x1A1F are allocated to the audio streams to be used for the secondary audio to be mixed with the primary audio.
  • FIG. 26 schematically illustrates how data is multiplexed.
  • a video stream ex235 composed of video frames and an audio stream ex238 composed of audio frames are transformed into a stream of PES packets ex236 and a stream of PES packets ex239, and further into TS packets ex237 and TS packets ex240, respectively.
  • data of a presentation graphics stream ex241 and data of an interactive graphics stream ex244 are transformed into a stream of PES packets ex242 and a stream of PES packets ex245, and further into TS packets ex243 and TS packets ex246, respectively.
  • These TS packets are multiplexed into a stream to obtain multiplexed data ex247.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates how a video stream is stored in a stream of PES packets in more detail.
  • the first bar in FIG. 27 shows a video frame stream in a video stream.
  • the second bar shows the stream of PES packets.
  • the video stream is divided into pictures as I pictures, B pictures, and P pictures each of which is a video presentation unit, and the pictures are stored in a payload of each of the PES packets.
  • Each of the PES packets has a PES header, and the PES header stores a Presentation Time-Stamp (PTS) indicating a display time of the picture, and a Decoding Time-Stamp (DTS) indicating a decoding time of the picture.
  • PTS Presentation Time-Stamp
  • DTS Decoding Time-Stamp
  • FIG. 28 illustrates a format of TS packets to be finally written on the multiplexed data.
  • Each of the TS packets is a 188-byte fixed length packet including a 4-byte TS header having information, such as a PID for identifying a stream and a 184-byte TS payload for storing data.
  • the PES packets are divided, and stored in the TS payloads, respectively.
  • each of the TS packets is given a 4-byte TP_Extra_Header, thus resulting in 192-byte source packets.
  • the source packets are written on the multiplexed data.
  • the TP_Extra_Header stores information such as an Arrival_Time_Stamp (ATS).
  • ATS Arrival_Time_Stamp
  • the ATS shows a transfer start time at which each of the TS packets is to be transferred to a PID filter.
  • the source packets are arranged in the multiplexed data as shown at the bottom of FIG. 28.
  • the numbers incrementing from the head of the multiplexed data are called source packet numbers (SPNs).
  • Each of the TS packets included in the multiplexed data includes not only streams of audio, video, subtitles and others, but also a Program Association Table (PAT), a Program Map Table (PMT), and a Program Clock Reference (PCR).
  • the PAT shows what a PID in a PMT used in the multiplexed data indicates, and a PID of the PAT itself is registered as zero.
  • the PMT stores PIDs of the streams of video, audio, subtitles and others included in the multiplexed data, and attribute information of the streams corresponding to the PIDs.
  • the PMT also has various descriptors relating to the multiplexed data. The descriptors have information such as copy control information showing whether copying of the multiplexed data is permitted or not.
  • the PCR stores STC time information corresponding to an ATS showing when the PCR packet is transferred to a decoder, in order to achieve synchronization between an Arrival Time Clock (ATC) that is a time axis of ATSs, and an System Time Clock (STC) that is a time axis of PTSs and DTSs.
  • ATC Arrival Time Clock
  • STC System Time Clock
  • FIG. 29 illustrates the data structure of the PMT in detail.
  • a PMT header is disposed at the top of the PMT.
  • the PMT header describes the length of data included in the PMT and others.
  • a plurality of descriptors relating to the multiplexed data is disposed after the PMT header. Information such as the copy control information is described in the descriptors.
  • a plurality of pieces of stream information relating to the streams included in the multiplexed data is disposed.
  • Each piece of stream information includes stream descriptors each describing information, such as a stream type for identifying a compression codec of a stream, a stream PID, and stream attribute information (such as a frame rate or an aspect ratio).
  • the stream descriptors are equal in number to the number of streams in the multiplexed data.
  • the multiplexed data When the multiplexed data is recorded on a recording medium and others, it is recorded together with multiplexed data information files.
  • Each of the multiplexed data information files is management information of the multiplexed data as shown in FIG. 30.
  • the multiplexed data information files are in one to one correspondence with the multiplexed data, and each of the files includes multiplexed data information, stream attribute information, and an entry map.
  • the multiplexed data information includes a system rate, a reproduction start time, and a reproduction end time.
  • the system rate indicates the maximum transfer rate at which a system target decoder to be described later transfers the multiplexed data to a PID filter.
  • the intervals of the ATSs included in the multiplexed data are set to not higher than a system rate.
  • the reproduction start time indicates a PTS in a video frame at the head of the multiplexed data. An interval of one frame is added to a PTS in a video frame at the end of the multiplexed data, and the PTS is set to the reproduction end time.
  • a piece of attribute information is registered in the stream attribute information, for each PID of each stream included in the multiplexed data.
  • Each piece of attribute information has different information depending on whether the corresponding stream is a video stream, an audio stream, a presentation graphics stream, or an interactive graphics stream.
  • Each piece of video stream attribute information carries information including what kind of compression codec is used for compressing the video stream, and the resolution, aspect ratio and frame rate of the pieces of picture data that is included in the video stream.
  • Each piece of audio stream attribute information carries information including what kind of compression codec is used for compressing the audio stream, how many channels are included in the audio stream, which language the audio stream supports, and how high the sampling frequency is.
  • the video stream attribute information and the audio stream attribute information are used for initialization of a decoder before the player plays back the information.
  • the multiplexed data to be used is of a stream type included in the PMT. Furthermore, when the multiplexed data is recorded on a recording medium, the video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is used. More specifically, the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus described in each of embodiments includes a step or a unit for allocating unique information indicating video data generated by the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus in each of embodiments, to the stream type included in the PMT or the video stream attribute information. With the configuration, the video data generated by the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus described in each of embodiments can be distinguished from video data that conforms to another standard.
  • FIG. 32 illustrates steps of the moving picture decoding method according to the present embodiment.
  • Step exS100 the stream type included in the PMT or the video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is obtained from the multiplexed data.
  • Step exS101 it is determined whether or not the stream type or the video stream attribute information indicates that the multiplexed data is generated by the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus in each of embodiments.
  • Step exS102 decoding is performed by the moving picture decoding method in each of embodiments.
  • the stream type or the video stream attribute information indicates conformance to the conventional standards, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1
  • Step exS103 decoding is performed by a moving picture decoding method in conformity with the conventional standards.
  • allocating a new unique value to the stream type or the video stream attribute information enables determination whether or not the moving picture decoding method or the moving picture decoding apparatus that is described in each of embodiments can perform decoding. Even when multiplexed data that conforms to a different standard is input, an appropriate decoding method or apparatus can be selected. Thus, it becomes possible to decode information without any error. Furthermore, the moving picture coding method or apparatus, or the moving picture decoding method or apparatus in the present embodiment can be used in the devices and systems described above.
  • FIG. 33 illustrates a configuration of the LSI ex500 that is made into one chip.
  • the LSI ex500 includes elements ex501, ex502, ex503, ex504, ex505, ex506, ex507, ex508, and ex509 to be described below, and the elements are connected to each other through a bus ex510.
  • the power supply circuit unit ex505 is activated by supplying each of the elements with power when the power supply circuit unit ex505 is turned on.
  • the LSI ex500 receives an AV signal from a microphone ex117, a camera ex113, and others through an AV IO ex509 under control of a control unit ex501 including a CPU ex502, a memory controller ex503, a stream controller ex504, and a driving frequency control unit ex512.
  • the received AV signal is temporarily stored in an external memory ex511, such as an SDRAM.
  • the stored data is segmented into data portions according to the processing amount and speed to be transmitted to a signal processing unit ex507.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 codes an audio signal and/or a video signal.
  • the coding of the video signal is the coding described in each of embodiments.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 sometimes multiplexes the coded audio data and the coded video data, and a stream IO ex506 provides the multiplexed data outside.
  • the provided multiplexed data is transmitted to the base station ex107, or written on the recording medium ex215.
  • the data should be temporarily stored in the buffer ex508 so that the data sets are synchronized with each other.
  • the memory ex511 is an element outside the LSI ex500, it may be included in the LSI ex500.
  • the buffer ex508 is not limited to one buffer, but may be composed of buffers. Furthermore, the LSI ex500 may be made into one chip or a plurality of chips.
  • control unit ex501 includes the CPU ex502, the memory controller ex503, the stream controller ex504, the driving frequency control unit ex512
  • the configuration of the control unit ex501 is not limited to such.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 may further include a CPU. Inclusion of another CPU in the signal processing unit ex507 can improve the processing speed.
  • the CPU ex502 may serve as or be a part of the signal processing unit ex507, and, for example, may include an audio signal processing unit.
  • the control unit ex501 includes the signal processing unit ex507 or the CPU ex502 including a part of the signal processing unit ex507.
  • LSI LSI
  • IC system LSI
  • super LSI ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration
  • ways to achieve integration are not limited to the LSI, and a special circuit or a general purpose processor and so forth can also achieve the integration.
  • Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that can be programmed after manufacturing LSIs or a reconfigurable processor that allows re-configuration of the connection or configuration of an LSI can be used for the same purpose.
  • the moving picture decoding apparatus such as the television ex300 and the LSI ex500 is configured to determine to which standard the video data conforms, and switch between the driving frequencies according to the determined standard.
  • FIG. 34 illustrates a configuration ex800 in the present embodiment.
  • a driving frequency switching unit ex803 sets a driving frequency to a higher driving frequency when video data is generated by the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus described in each of embodiments. Then, the driving frequency switching unit ex803 instructs a decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the moving picture decoding method described in each of embodiments to decode the video data.
  • the driving frequency switching unit ex803 sets a driving frequency to a lower driving frequency than that of the video data generated by the moving picture coding method or the moving picture coding apparatus described in each of embodiments. Then, the driving frequency switching unit ex803 instructs the decoding processing unit ex802 that conforms to the conventional standard to decode the video data.
  • the driving frequency switching unit ex803 includes the CPU ex502 and the driving frequency control unit ex512 in FIG. 33.
  • each of the decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the moving picture decoding method described in each of embodiments and the decoding processing unit ex802 that conforms to the conventional standard corresponds to the signal processing unit ex507 in FIG. 33.
  • the CPU ex502 determines to which standard the video data conforms.
  • the driving frequency control unit ex512 determines a driving frequency based on a signal from the CPU ex502.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 decodes the video data based on the signal from the CPU ex502. For example, the identification information described in Embodiment 5 is probably used for identifying the video data.
  • the identification information is not limited to the one described in Embodiment 5 but may be any information as long as the information indicates to which standard the video data conforms. For example, when which standard video data conforms to can be determined based on an external signal for determining that the video data is used for a television or a disk, etc., the determination may be made based on such an external signal.
  • the CPU ex502 selects a driving frequency based on, for example, a look-up table in which the standards of the video data are associated with the driving frequencies as shown in FIG. 36.
  • the driving frequency can be selected by storing the look-up table in the buffer ex508 and in an internal memory of an LSI, and with reference to the look-up table by the CPU ex502.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates steps for executing a method in the present embodiment.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 obtains identification information from the multiplexed data.
  • the CPU ex502 determines whether or not the video data is generated by the coding method and the coding apparatus described in each of embodiments, based on the identification information.
  • the CPU ex502 transmits a signal for setting the driving frequency to a higher driving frequency to the driving frequency control unit ex512. Then, the driving frequency control unit ex512 sets the driving frequency to the higher driving frequency.
  • Step exS203 when the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1, in Step exS203, the CPU ex502 transmits a signal for setting the driving frequency to a lower driving frequency to the driving frequency control unit ex512. Then, the driving frequency control unit ex512 sets the driving frequency to the lower driving frequency than that in the case where the video data is generated by the moving picture coding method and the moving picture coding apparatus described in each of embodiment.
  • the conventional standard such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1
  • the power conservation effect can be improved by changing the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or an apparatus including the LSI ex500.
  • the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is probably set to a voltage lower than that in the case where the driving frequency is set higher.
  • the driving frequency when the processing amount for decoding is larger, the driving frequency may be set higher, and when the processing amount for decoding is smaller, the driving frequency may be set lower as the method for setting the driving frequency.
  • the setting method is not limited to the ones described above.
  • the driving frequency is probably set in reverse order to the setting described above.
  • the method for setting the driving frequency is not limited to the method for setting the driving frequency lower.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data is generated by the moving picture coding method and the moving picture coding apparatus described in each of embodiments
  • the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is probably set higher.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1
  • the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is probably set lower.
  • the driving of the CPU ex502 does not probably have to be suspended.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1
  • the driving of the CPU ex502 is probably suspended at a given time because the CPU ex502 has extra processing capacity.
  • the suspending time is probably set shorter than that in the case where when the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1.
  • the power conservation effect can be improved by switching between the driving frequencies in accordance with the standard to which the video data conforms. Furthermore, when the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is driven using a battery, the battery life can be extended with the power conservation effect.
  • the decoding processing unit for implementing the moving picture decoding method described in each of embodiments and the decoding processing unit that conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1 are partly shared.
  • Ex900 in FIG. 37A shows an example of the configuration.
  • the moving picture decoding method described in each of embodiments and the moving picture decoding method that conforms to MPEG-4 AVC have, partly in common, the details of processing, such as entropy coding, inverse quantization, deblocking filtering, and motion compensated prediction.
  • the details of processing to be shared probably include use of a decoding processing unit ex902 that conforms to MPEG-4 AVC.
  • a dedicated decoding processing unit ex901 is probably used for other processing unique to an aspect of the present invention. Since the aspect of the present invention is characterized by inverse quantization in particular, for example, the dedicated decoding processing unit ex901 is used for inverse quantization. Otherwise, the decoding processing unit is probably shared for one of the entropy decoding, deblocking filtering, and motion compensation, or all of the processing.
  • the decoding processing unit for implementing the moving picture decoding method described in each of embodiments may be shared for the processing to be shared, and a dedicated decoding processing unit may be used for processing unique to that of MPEG-4 AVC.
  • ex1000 in FIG. 37B shows another example in that processing is partly shared.
  • This example uses a configuration including a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1001 that supports the processing unique to an aspect of the present invention, a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1002 that supports the processing unique to another conventional standard, and a decoding processing unit ex1003 that supports processing to be shared between the moving picture decoding method according to the aspect of the present invention and the conventional moving picture decoding method.
  • the dedicated decoding processing units ex1001 and ex1002 are not necessarily specialized for the processing according to the aspect of the present invention and the processing of the conventional standard, respectively, and may be the ones capable of implementing general processing.
  • the configuration of the present embodiment can be implemented by the LSI ex500.
  • Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding video according to the present invention are applicable to every multimedia data, make it possible to increase coding efficiency, and are useful as methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding video in accumulation, transmission, communication, and so on using, for example, cellular phones, DVD apparatuses, and personal computers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un procédé nouveau de gestion de mémoire adaptative d'images de référence. Ce nouveau procédé permet d'obtenir des images de référence d'une qualité supérieure destinées à être conservées dans la mémoire tampon d'images décodées pendant une période plus longue que celle de procédés classiques, il reporte temporairement la suppression d'images de référence de haute qualité et supprime d'autres images de référence du tampon lorsque le tampon est plein.
PCT/JP2012/004139 2011-06-30 2012-06-27 Procédés et appareils de codage vidéo à l'aide d'un mécanisme de gestion de mémoire adaptative pour des images de référence WO2013001796A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161503028P 2011-06-30 2011-06-30
US61/503,028 2011-06-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013001796A1 true WO2013001796A1 (fr) 2013-01-03

Family

ID=47423716

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2012/004139 WO2013001796A1 (fr) 2011-06-30 2012-06-27 Procédés et appareils de codage vidéo à l'aide d'un mécanisme de gestion de mémoire adaptative pour des images de référence

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2013001796A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015102439A1 (fr) * 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 삼성전자 주식회사 Procede et appareil pour la gestion de memoire tampon pour le codage et le decodage de video multicouche
WO2022206199A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-06 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédé et appareil pour effectuer un traitement d'image dans un appareil de décodage vidéo, et système
AU2023204184B1 (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-12-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LIM,CHONG SOON ET AL.: "Reference Lists For B Pictures Under Low Delay Constraints", JOINT COLLABORATIVE TEAM ON VIDEO CODING (JCT-VC)OF ITU-T SG16 WP3 AND ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 JCTVC-D093, 20 January 2011 (2011-01-20) *
LIM,CHONG SOON ET AL.: "Reference Lists For Low Delay Settings", JOINT COLLABORATIVE TEAM ON VIDEO CODING (JCT-VC)OF ITU-T SG16 WP3 AND ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 JCTVC-F433, 6 July 2011 (2011-07-06) *
OZBEK,N. ET AL.: "FAST MULTI-FRAME REFERENCE VIDEO ENCODING WITH KEY FRAMES", PROC. OF 13TH EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONF., 4 September 2005 (2005-09-04) *
WIEGAND,T. ET AL.: "WD3: Working Draft 3 of High-Efficiency Video Coding", JOINT COLLABORATIVE TEAM ON VIDEO CODING (JCT-VC)OF ITU-T SG16 WP3 AND ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 JCTVC-E603, 16 March 2011 (2011-03-16), pages 67 - 70,86-88 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015102439A1 (fr) * 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 삼성전자 주식회사 Procede et appareil pour la gestion de memoire tampon pour le codage et le decodage de video multicouche
US10136145B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2018-11-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for managing buffer for encoding and decoding multi-layer video
WO2022206199A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-06 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédé et appareil pour effectuer un traitement d'image dans un appareil de décodage vidéo, et système
AU2023204184B1 (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-12-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
AU2023204186B1 (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-12-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
AU2023204185B1 (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-12-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11849077B1 (en) 2022-10-13 2023-12-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11849076B1 (en) 2022-10-13 2023-12-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11871041B1 (en) 2022-10-13 2024-01-09 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11902593B1 (en) 2022-10-13 2024-02-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11962813B1 (en) 2022-10-13 2024-04-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11962812B1 (en) 2022-10-13 2024-04-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer
US11997320B2 (en) 2022-10-13 2024-05-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video coding using a coded picture buffer

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10951911B2 (en) Image decoding method and image decoding apparatus using candidate motion vectors
CA2830036C (fr) Procede de codage de video animee, appareil de codage de video animee, procede de decodage de video animee, appareil de decodage de video animee et appareil de codage/decodage de video animee
CA2826787C (fr) Procede de codage d'image, procede de decodage d'image, dispositif de codage d'image et dispositif de decodage d'image
EP3843394B1 (fr) Procédé de codage
EP2749027B1 (fr) Procédés et appareils permettant de coder et de décoder une vidéo au moyen d'une description mise à jour de tampon
CA2840064C (fr) Procede de codage d'image video, dispositif de codage d'image video, procede de decodage d'image video et dispositif de decodage d'image video
EP2755387A1 (fr) Procédé de codage d'images, procédé de décodage d'images, dispositif de codage d'images, dispositif de décodage d'images et dispositif de codage/ décodage d'images
WO2012172779A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de codage décodage vidéo au moyen d'une matrice de quantification adaptative dépendant d'un mode de prédiction intra
CA2801215C (fr) Procede de filtre, dispositif de codage d'image dynamique, dispositif de decodage d'image dynamique et dispositif de codage/decodage d'image dynamique
WO2013108616A1 (fr) Procédés et appareils pour coder et décoder une vidéo à l'aide d'une prédiction de vecteur de mouvement temporelle
EP2811743B1 (fr) Procédés de codage et de décodage d'image, dispositifs de codage et de décodage d'image et dispositif de codage/décodage d'image
EP2843945B1 (fr) Procédé de codage d'image, procédé de décodage d'image, dispositif de codage d'image, dispositif de décodage d'image et dispositif de codage/décodage d'image
CA2841107C (fr) Codage et decodage d'image employant le codage arithmetique binaire adaptatif de contexte et un mode de derivation
WO2012117744A1 (fr) Procédé de codage d'une image dans une image codée, procédé de décodage d'une image codée et appareils associés
CA2807959A1 (fr) Methode de codage video, methode de decodage video, appareil de codage video, appareil de decodage video et appareil de codage/decodage video
WO2012090504A1 (fr) Procédés et appareils pour coder et décoder un flux de données vidéo
WO2012105265A1 (fr) Systèmes et procédés de codage et de décodage vidéo prenant en charge une fonctionnalité de compatibilité avec des lecteurs vidéo patrimoniaux
EP2677751B1 (fr) Procédé de codage vidéo et procédé de décodage vidéo
WO2012108181A1 (fr) Procédés et appareils pour coder et décoder une vidéo à l'aide d'images de référence multiples
WO2013105207A1 (fr) Procédé de codage vidéo, appareil de codage vidéo, procédé de décodage vidéo et appareil de décodage vidéo
WO2012096176A1 (fr) Procédés et appareils de codage et de décodage vidéo utilisant plusieurs images de référence methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding video using multiple reference pictures
WO2013001796A1 (fr) Procédés et appareils de codage vidéo à l'aide d'un mécanisme de gestion de mémoire adaptative pour des images de référence
WO2013005386A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour coder et décoder une vidéo à l'aide d'une matrice de quantification adaptative pour des unités de transformation carrées et rectangulaires
WO2012124347A1 (fr) Procédés et appareils pour coder et décoder une vidéo à l'aide de valeurs de type d'unité nal réservée du standard avc
WO2012153538A1 (fr) Procédés permettant de coder et de décoder des données vidéo à l'aide d'un procédé de filtrage adaptatif

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12803792

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12803792

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1