WO2012175242A1 - Procédé de correction d'une caractéristique d'un élément de capteur - Google Patents

Procédé de correction d'une caractéristique d'un élément de capteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012175242A1
WO2012175242A1 PCT/EP2012/057747 EP2012057747W WO2012175242A1 WO 2012175242 A1 WO2012175242 A1 WO 2012175242A1 EP 2012057747 W EP2012057747 W EP 2012057747W WO 2012175242 A1 WO2012175242 A1 WO 2012175242A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
waveform
sensor
sensor element
electrodes
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Application number
PCT/EP2012/057747
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Diehl
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2012175242A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012175242A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/419—Measuring voltages or currents with a combination of oxygen pumping cells and oxygen concentration cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1493—Details
    • F02D41/1494—Control of sensor heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1493—Details
    • F02D41/1495—Detection of abnormalities in the air/fuel ratio feedback system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2474—Characteristics of sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/12—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration
    • F02D41/123—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration the fuel injection being cut-off

Definitions

  • Lambda probes in particular broadband lambda probes, can be used, for example, in the
  • Broadband lambda probe for example, from a pumping current, in particular by means of a characteristic curve, be closed to an oxygen content of an exhaust gas. From production-related variations and by aging effects has in the
  • each manufactured sensor element an individual characteristic, in particular with an individual proportionality factor, wherein the characteristic can change, for example, by aging.
  • the characteristic curve for detecting the proportion of the gas component for all sensor elements and during the entire operating time of the sensor element at least one adjustment is generally provided.
  • Broadband lambda probes are particularly in the steepness of the curve
  • DE 10 2008 044 310 A1 provides a method for detecting the composition of a gas mixture, in particular by means of a broadband lambda probe. wherein the broadband lambda probe comprises at least one heating element.
  • the setpoint temperature of the heating element is modulated during the operation of the gas probe and that from the temperature dependence of the resulting pumping current, preferably from a probe signal, on the
  • Composition of the gas mixture, in particular an exhaust gas is closed.
  • a gas sensor in particular a lambda probe for motor vehicles with internal combustion engines, with a controllable probe heater, by which the gas sensor can be heated to a predeterminable operating temperature, and with an electronic control and evaluation circuit. Due to the control and evaluation circuit, the probe heater can be controlled in predefinable operating phases so that overheating of the gas sensor takes place.
  • the probe in particular the
  • Broadband lambda probe to be regenerated.
  • overrun operation is only available, in particular in the case of automatic vehicles, in short operating times and is sufficient, in particular, when the vehicle is closed
  • Throttle valve not sufficient ventilation of the exhaust tract to remove the HC outgassing from the oil, especially from engine oil. This can be particularly significant in terms of application neutrality in novel fuels which can outgas intensified and / or delayed from the engine oil. It would therefore be desirable, even in gasoline engines, especially without in the
  • a characteristic curvature which is generated for example by electrode overload, especially at high oxygen partial pressure, especially in the context of a
  • Poisoning of a pumping function from a characteristic curve rotation, for example by adding at least one diffusion barrier and / or by production scattering, and a changed static pressure dependence, for example by adding at least one diffusion barrier and / or by manufacturing scattering to be distinguished. Furthermore, it would be desirable to determine compensation values during the lifetime, for example during a trim, with which above
  • Disturbance influences for example, in the control unit, can be deducted.
  • the sensor in particular the lambda probe, which, for example, poisoning by phosphorus or silicon should be specified, in particular in order to avoid extreme aging of the sensor element, for example, the broadband lambda probe, by platinum evaporation in Treasure carving compassion, only if necessary, should be rehashed specifically.
  • a method for balancing a characteristic of a sensor element for detecting an oxygen content in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a sensor device which at least largely avoids and / or mitigates the expected disadvantages of known methods and devices.
  • the term "adjustment" can be understood in particular to mean a method step in which, for example, a characteristic curve is calibrated. ⁇ br/> ⁇ br/>
  • the adjustment can in particular be a measurement and / or a determination and / or a documentation and / or a compensation for a deviation of a behavior of a device, in particular the sensor element, to another device, in particular to another sensor element, for example due to
  • the adjustment can in particular include a consideration of the determined deviation.
  • the characteristic can be, for example, an electric current, in particular a pumping current, and / or an electrical voltage depending on the oxygen content.
  • the sensor element may be, for example, a lambda probe, in particular a single-cell lambda probe or a two-line lambda probe or a sensor element having a plurality of cells. Particularly preferably, the sensor element can be a broadband lambda probe.
  • the detection may be, in particular, a direct or indirect measurement. In which
  • Oxygen content may be, for example, an oxygen percentage and / or an oxygen partial pressure.
  • the exhaust gas may in principle be any gas, in particular it may be a gas with
  • the internal combustion engine can be any machine which can be operated by combustion reactions, in particular it can be a motor vehicle, preferably an automobile.
  • the sensor element comprises at least two electrodes and at least one solid electrolyte connecting the electrodes.
  • an electrode may be to act on a component which can be acted upon by an electrical voltage and / or an electric current.
  • the electrodes may, for example, be at least one outer pumping electrode and / or at least one inner pumping electrode and / or at least one reference electrode.
  • the solid electrolyte may in particular be a ceramic solid electrolyte, such as zirconia, in particular yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and / or scandium-doped zirconia (ScSZ).
  • the solid electrolyte may preferably be gas-impermeable and / or may ensure ionic transport, for example ionic oxygen transport.
  • the sensor element generates at least one sensor signal.
  • the sensor signal may be any signal generated by physical processes.
  • the sensor signal may preferably be an output signal, for example an electrical current, in particular the pump current or an electrical current, which may be measured as a voltage or another electrical voltage.
  • the sensor signal may preferably be a
  • Act marginal stream By means of the characteristic is from the sensor signal on the
  • Oxygen content closable especially when the total pressure is known.
  • the oxygen partial pressure can be detected directly and, for example, from this and a total pressure, the oxygen content and / or the
  • Oxygen percentage can be determined.
  • At least two signal waveforms of the sensor signal are generated.
  • the generation of the signal profiles of the sensor signal may, for example, be understood to be a measurement and / or a detection and / or a generation as well as a further processing, for example a calculation.
  • a signal curve may in particular be a measured variable as a function of a parameter. The measured variable may preferably be the sensor signal.
  • the waveforms are each checked for the fulfillment of at least one condition.
  • the condition may be, for example, exceeding or falling below a threshold value and / or exceeding or falling below a gradient and / or a curvature of the signal profile.
  • the condition may also include a tolerance range which should be met, for example. at For example, a result can be generated by the fulfillment check.
  • the adjustment is carried out taking into account the signal curves.
  • Consideration can be understood, for example, a change in the slope of the characteristic and / or the course of the characteristic.
  • the consideration can in principle also include measures, for example an increase in temperature of at least one part of the sensor element and / or further measures which, for example, the operation of the sensor element, in particular on the basis of
  • Waveforms can improve.
  • the sensor signal can be recorded at least partially during an overrun operation and / or after-run of the internal combustion engine.
  • the recording of the sensor signal may in this case be understood as meaning, in particular, generation of the sensor signal.
  • an operating mode can be understood, in which the engine is purged with air.
  • an operating mode can be understood, which can be done for example after switching off the ignition in the internal combustion engine, in particular in the motor vehicle.
  • at least a part of the sensor element can be heated and / or cooled, in particular temperature-regulated.
  • the sensor element may preferably be a broadband lambda probe.
  • the broadband lambda probe may in particular comprise two cells, preferably comprising for example three electrodes.
  • the waveforms can be linked in particular in a diagnostic matrix.
  • a diagnostic matrix can represent a combination of individual tests, for example, to a complete output.
  • an individual test may, for example, be understood as the test for the fulfillment of a condition.
  • the total output for example, the characteristic and / or the adjustment of the characteristic and / or a
  • Operating mode for example, a change in temperature of at least a portion of the sensor element include.
  • the diagnostic matrix it is possible, in particular, to combine a plurality of partial checks into one statement, for example, a diagnosis statement, including the comparison.
  • the sensor signal and / or the signal profiles can be subjected to at least a plausibility check.
  • a plausibility check may include the examination of the fulfillment of at least one condition.
  • a plausibility analysis can provide information as to whether the sensor signal and / or the signal characteristic is a measurement error or whether the sensor signal and / or the signal profile are used for a comparison of the characteristic curve,
  • the sensor signal may preferably be an electric current.
  • the electric current may in particular be a pumping current, preferably a limiting current and / or an electrical voltage, which is linked to the pumping current, for example.
  • the signal curves can be generated in particular from the sensor signal.
  • the sensor signal may be, for example, an electric current in
  • Sensor signal may include, for example, a detection of at least one extrema, in particular a maximum value and / or a final value.
  • the sensor signal can be adapted with a fit function to a mathematical model, wherein, for example, at least one fit parameter can be generated, wherein the fit parameter can be used to generate the signal profile.
  • the signal profile may preferably be a function of an extrema and / or a fit parameter of the sensor signal.
  • the waveform can depend on at least one parameter.
  • the parameter may be selected from the group consisting of a time; at least one temperature of at least a part of the sensor element; an applied electrical voltage.
  • the parameter may also include a combination of the mentioned parameters and / or a different physical or chemical quantity.
  • the condition may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of a threshold condition; the presence of constancy and / or linearity and / or curvature; an increase; a decrease.
  • the threshold condition may, in particular, be the fulfillment of the exceeding or undershooting of a
  • the threshold value may be, for example, a Measured value and / or a slope and / or a curvature act.
  • the constancy may be, in particular, a linear course, preferably with a slope of approximately 0.
  • a first waveform may include the sensor signal as a function of time as a parameter.
  • the first signal profile can be detected in particular within a measuring phase, for example within the pushing operation and / or the after-run.
  • the first signal profile can be checked in particular for a first condition.
  • the first condition may include, for example, a threshold condition.
  • the final value may preferably be a value, in particular an electric current, in which the signal course has a linear or approximately linear, in particular flat or approximately flat, course or in such a course of one
  • Failure to comply with the first condition may be indicative of, for example, outgassing of hydrocarbons, such as engine oil, and / or electrode damage.
  • the first signal profile can be detected, in particular, via a plurality of thrust operations and / or multiple overruns. In particular, in this case, extremes, in particular maxima and / or the final value, of the first signal course during the thrust operations and / or the trailing runs can be detected.
  • the extrema may preferably form a second waveform as a function of the time at which the extrema were detected.
  • a slope of the second waveform can be compared with at least one threshold. From a falling below a lower threshold, for example, a slope with a certain negative value, it can be concluded that an electrode defect of at least one of the electrodes.
  • a heating and / or an increase in an operating temperature of at least part of the sensor element can be initiated, for example.
  • the increase and / or regulation of a temperature, in particular an operating temperature, of at least one part of the sensor element can be effected, for example, by at least one heating element.
  • a positive slope of the second signal curve for example, can usually only be plausible if the temperature increases.
  • a third signal curve can be recorded, for example, wherein the third signal curve extrema as a function of a temperature of at least part of the
  • Sensor element may include as a parameter.
  • the extremes may be
  • the temperature of the at least one part of the sensor element can be set and / or adjusted and / or modulated, for example, with a heating element.
  • a heating element for example, the temperature
  • a slope of the third waveform can be compared with at least one threshold.
  • the threshold value is exceeded, in particular during the overrun operation and / or during the overrun of the internal combustion engine, it is possible in particular to conclude that there is an outgassing of hydrocarbons.
  • a further threshold value for the gradient is exceeded, an autonomous adjustment, in particular for the adjustment of the characteristic curve, can be carried out, in particular in the case of a linear increase with a slight slope. From a particularly non-linear increase with small and / or large, in particular not constant, slope can be concluded, for example, on an electrode damage.
  • an electrode defect of at least one of the electrodes can be deduced from the presence of at least two regions with different slopes in the third signal curve.
  • a fourth waveform can be recorded, wherein the fourth waveform may include extrema as a function of voltage as a parameter.
  • the extremes can also be end values.
  • At the electrical voltage it may, for example, be a pumping voltage.
  • a signal curve can be recorded during which the pump voltage is increased.
  • a slope of the fourth waveform can be compared with at least one threshold. When an upper threshold value, in particular for the slope, is exceeded, it is possible to conclude, for example, an electrode defect. Falling below a particular negative threshold may be a non-plausible waveform. A crossing of an upper one
  • Threshold can provide an indication of water in the air.
  • the designations "first" and / or “second” and / or “third” and / or “fourth” serve as pure designations and give no indication of an order and / or, for example, the occurrence of all signal profiles listed by way of example. Thus, for example, only one or any group of several of these waveforms can be detected. Likewise, the method may in particular optionally include a detection of one or more further signal waveforms, which are not mentioned here.
  • the sensor device comprises at least one
  • the sensor element comprises at least two electrodes and at least one solid electrolyte connecting the electrodes.
  • Sensor device further comprises at least one control.
  • the drive is set up to carry out the method according to the invention as described above.
  • the control can be connected, for example via an interface with the sensor element.
  • the control can also be fully or partially integrated into the sensor element.
  • the control can for example also be completely or partially integrated in other components, for example in a plug and / or in a motor control.
  • the control can, for example, at least one
  • the application device may be, for example, a voltage source and / or a current source. Furthermore, the
  • Activation optionally comprise a measuring device, for example a voltage measuring device and / or a current measuring device.
  • the control can optionally include, for example, an evaluation device, for example a data processing device.
  • the drive may comprise at least one signal generator.
  • the control can also be optional at least one controller, for example, at least one lock-in regulator include.
  • the sensor element alternatively or additionally, at least one
  • heating element and / or at least one temperature sensor may be configured to control and / or adjust at least a portion of the sensor element to a predetermined temperature or to modulate the temperature.
  • the sensor element for example, the above description and / or Robert Bosch GmbH: sensors in the motor vehicle, 1. Edition 2010, pages 160-165.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can have a multiplicity of advantages over known methods and devices. For example, in particular, together with the known diagnoses, a curvature and / or slope of a temperature dependence of the sensor signal and / or the waveform, which may indicate, for example, an electrode overload, to a complete analysis and / or to a necessary compensation
  • the diagnostic matrix can be used, which can serve, for example, to combine various individual tests, for example comprising different signal waveforms, for example the first signal waveform and / or the second waveform and / or the third waveform and / or the fourth waveform, to form an overall message, and /or one
  • an absolute accuracy of the sensor element, in particular a probe, preferably in the gasoline engine, for example, ⁇ 12% to ⁇ 2% can be increased.
  • a probe preferably in the gasoline engine, for example, ⁇ 12% to ⁇ 2%
  • Electrode failure can be selectively eliminated by poisoning, in particular without permanently damaging the sensor element, for example by a temporary or permanent increase in the temperature of at least a portion of the sensor element.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a sensor device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of a sensor signal as a function of time
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation of three second signal waveforms, which the sensor signal as
  • Sensor signal as a function of temperature as a parameter include;
  • FIG. 5 shows a representation of a fourth signal profile, which extremes of a
  • Sensor signal as a function of voltage as a parameter includes.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a sensor device 110 according to the invention.
  • the sensor device 1 10 includes at least one sensor element 1 12 for detecting an oxygen content in an exhaust gas 1 14 of an internal combustion engine.
  • the sensor element 1 12 comprises at least two electrodes 16 and at least one solid electrolyte 1 18 connecting the electrodes 16.
  • the electrodes 16 may preferably be an external electrode 120 and / or an internal electrode 122 and / or a reference electrode 124 ,
  • the sensor device 1 10 further comprises at least one control 126.
  • the control 126 is set up to the method according to the invention for the adjustment of a characteristic of the sensor element 1 12 for detecting an oxygen content in an exhaust gas 1 14 a
  • the control 126 can be connected to the sensor element 1 12, for example, via an interface 128.
  • the control 126 can, however, also be completely or partially integrated into the sensor element 12.
  • the control 126 may, for example, also be completely or partially integrated in other components, for example in a plug and / or in a
  • the control 126 may, for example, at least one
  • Impact device include, to the electrodes 1 16, in particular the outer electrode 120 and / or the inner electrode 122 and / or the reference electrode 124th and / or to apply a further electrode 1 16 with current and / or voltage.
  • the application device may be, for example, a voltage source and / or a current source.
  • the loading device may in particular comprise electrical lines.
  • the control 126 may optionally comprise at least one measuring device, for example at least one
  • control 126 may optionally include, for example, at least one evaluation device, for example at least one data processing device.
  • the driver 126 may include at least one signal generator.
  • the control 126 can also optionally comprise at least one controller, for example at least one lock-in controller.
  • Figure 1 is in particular a
  • the inventive method can, however, in principle also with sensor elements 1 12, as they are known from the prior art, are performed.
  • the reference electrode 124 may in particular be in communication with a reference gas space 130.
  • the inner electrode 122 in particular an inner pumping electrode, can in particular be connected to a cavity 132 and / or be acted upon via at least one diffusion barrier 134 with the exhaust gas 1 14.
  • the electrodes 16, in particular the outer electrode 120 and the inner electrode 122 can be connected, for example, via the solid electrolyte 118, in particular ionically.
  • the sensor element 1 12 may further comprise at least one heating element 136, for example, for increasing and / or decreasing and / or regulating a temperature of at least a portion of the sensor element 1 12.
  • Internal combustion engine as exemplified in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, generates the sensor element 1 12 at least one sensor signal 138.
  • the characteristic from the sensor signal 138 can be concluded that the oxygen content.
  • at least two signal curves 140 of the sensor signal 138 are produced.
  • signal curves 140 Possible embodiments of signal curves 140 are shown in FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the illustrated waveforms 140 may in the invention
  • the waveforms 140 are each checked for the fulfillment of at least one condition. The adjustment is performed taking into account the waveforms 140.
  • the Sensor signal 138 at least partially recorded during a coasting operation and / or a wake of the internal combustion engine.
  • Sensor element 12 can in particular be a broadband lambda probe.
  • the waveforms 140 may be linked in a diagnostic matrix.
  • Sensor signal 138 may, for example, an output signal, in particular a
  • Output voltage and / or a pumping current include.
  • the sensor signal 138, in particular the output voltage, of the sensor element 12, in particular of the broadband lambda probe, can be used, for example, at different heating states, in particular starting from a temperature of 780 ° C. during normal operation.
  • Diffusion barrier 134 and the time evaluated and with the diagnostic matrix, which may include, for example, a scheme, preferably a Ausnesschema, interpreted.
  • Waveforms 140 are subjected to at least one plausibility check.
  • the sensor signal 138 may particularly preferably be an electric current, in particular a pumping current, preferably a limiting current and / or an electrical voltage, which is linked to the pumping current, for example.
  • the signal curves 140 can be generated from the sensor signal 138 and the signal curve 140 can in particular depend on at least one parameter.
  • the parameter may be selected from the group consisting of a time; at least one temperature of at least a part of the sensor element 1 12; an applied electrical voltage, in particular a pumping voltage and / or another physical or chemical measured variable.
  • the condition may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of at least one threshold condition; the presence of constancy and / or linearity and / or curvature; an increase; a decrease.
  • a first waveform 142 such as shown in FIG. 2, may include the sensor signal 138 as a function of time t as a parameter.
  • FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, in particular a time profile, in particular the first signal profile 142, within a measuring phase, in particular of the pushing operation.
  • first as well as further numbering
  • Designations serve as pure designations and do not give information about an order or a closed enumeration. In principle, several
  • Waveforms 140 may be present. In various embodiments of the method according to the invention, one or more of the signal waveforms shown 140 may alternatively or additionally also be partially replaced by other signal curves 140 (not shown here).
  • the first waveform 142 may be checked for a first condition.
  • the first condition may include, for example, a threshold condition. A slope of the first
  • Waveform 142 in at least one extremum 144 of the first waveform 142 may be compared to at least one threshold, for example, to determine whether the first waveform 142 during the
  • Push operation and / or the caster reaches a final value 146.
  • a final value 146 for example, an end value 146 for a thrust balance is achieved in the first pulse.
  • no end value 146 is reached in the second pulse, and none, by way of example
  • Thrust adjustment performed Shown is a sensor signal 138, in particular the output signal during thrust balance, in the gasoline engine.
  • the slope of the first signal curve 142, in particular in the first pulse, in the extremum 144, in particular in the final value 146, in particular indicates a constancy.
  • An achievable constancy may in particular refer to a possible use of the sensor signal 138, for example the values, for the adjustment according to the invention, in particular for an autonomous
  • Extremum 144 may be an indication of electrode damage, for example.
  • a stronger reheating for example an annealing heating
  • the first signal profile 142 can be detected in particular in this exemplary embodiment over a plurality of thrust operations, wherein extrema 144, in particular maxima and / or the final value 146, in particular of the first signal curve 142, during the thrust operations and / or the wake can be detected.
  • the extrema 144 may form a second waveform 148 as a function of the time T at which the extrema 144 were detected.
  • two second signal curves 148 are shown by way of example.
  • the second signal profile 148 may be averaged over a number of measuring phases, for example over a plurality of thrust operations and / or after-runs.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in particular, a development of the sensor signal 138, in particular of the output signal, over the service life, in particular the service life of the sensor, for example of the sensor element 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows three second signal paths 148 as an example.
  • a slope of the second waveform 148 may be compared to at least one threshold. From a falling below a lower threshold, in particular a negative slope, for example, an electrode defect at least one of the electrodes 1 16 can be closed.
  • An annealing heating and / or an increase in an operating temperature, for example by the heating element 136, of at least part of the sensor element 1 12 can be initiated, for example.
  • the course of the second waveform 148 and the falling below the threshold value is shown in Figure 3 by the reference numeral 150 (electrode defect).
  • An increase in the maximum value, in particular of the extremum 144, in one phase, in particular during the overrun operation or during the overrun, represented by the numeral 152 in FIG. 3, can generally only be plausible in the state after the annealing heating.
  • the generation of the sensor signal 138 and / or the second signal curve 148 should continue until, preferably, a constant is reached and / or the maximum value is exceeded, for example, by a defined factor.
  • the dashed line in FIG. 3 shows by way of example the case of an electrode defect
  • the solid line in particular shows a case of sooting of the diffusion barrier 134.
  • a smaller threshold value as shown in the solid line, in particular with a decrease in the average maximum value over several phases, in particular over several thrust operations or trailing, it is possible to conclude a characteristic curve rotation, in particular by sooting the diffusion barrier 134.
  • the values, in particular the sensor signal 138 can preferably be used for the adjustment according to the invention, in particular for an autonomous adjustment. A slow one
  • Decrease of the second signal curve 148 may in particular be caused by a sooting of the diffusion barrier 134.
  • the signal for a balance in particular for an adjustment of the slope of the curve, can be used.
  • An increase within the second signal curve 148, in particular indicated by the numeral 154 on the thin solid line, is implausible, for example, if in particular no annealing heating
  • a special case can occur, for example, after a first startup or after a workshop reset in the form of a decrease or increase, in which case the first value, for example the first extremum 144 of the sensor signal 138, can be used and the following values, in particular the following extrema 144 of a waveform 140, can be averaged, for example.
  • a third signal waveform 156 can be recorded.
  • the third waveform 156 may include extremes 144 as a function of a temperature of at least a portion of the sensor element 12 as a parameter.
  • FIG. 4 shows in particular three different third signal curves 156 for clarifying a distinction of temperature dependencies.
  • FIG. 4 shows output signals,
  • extrema 144 of the sensor signal 138 as a function of the temperature of the sensor element 1 12 shown.
  • the arrow 158 indicates in particular the
  • Temperature for example, in a normal operation at 780 ° C. For example, from this temperature, a temperature increase, for example to between 850 ° C to 950 ° C, performed. Alternatively or additionally, a
  • a slope of the third waveform 156 may be at least one
  • Threshold are compared.
  • the threshold value is exceeded, in particular during an overrun operation of the internal combustion engine and / or during the overrun, it is possible, for example, to conclude that outgassing of hydrocarbons occurs.
  • the dotted line shows the case that especially still
  • Hydrocarbon share outgassed In the case of the temperature increase, this is associated, for example, by a linear increase with a greater gradient, in particular when an upper threshold value is exceeded.
  • the larger slope can be detected according to the gas diffusion of the large hydrocarbon molecules, in terms of mass and a scattering cross section. This behavior may be specific to the
  • Outgassing be returned from engine oil.
  • the value, in particular the extremum 144 of the sensor signal 138, should not yet be used for the adjustment of the characteristic curve.
  • a linear decrease with a greater slope in particular with a drop below a preferably negative slope, can be observed.
  • Lowering the temperature may thus result in a decrease with a greater amount of negative slope.
  • This can be specific to one Indicate electrode damage. This case can be made plausible, for example via a pump voltage increase, for example as described below.
  • an annealing heating and / or a temperature increase, for example by the heating element 136, can be carried out for a defined time or for the remaining service life of the sensor element 12.
  • the solid line shows a third waveform 156 with a slope of 4% per 100 ° C.
  • This signal curve 140 can in particular at
  • Presence of air for example, in the overrun or in the wake, be detected. From this slope, for example, a decision for a use of the signal for the adjustment of the characteristic can emerge.
  • Temperature decrease a small decrease associated with the corresponding stored in the control unit slope.
  • the slope may in particular be a static temperature dependence, for example of approximately 4% per 100 ° C., for example compensated by a K value determination from a dynamic flow measurement.
  • These values, in particular the associated sensor signal 138, can be used for autonomous adjustment.
  • a fourth signal profile 160 can be recorded in accordance with the method according to the invention, wherein the fourth signal profile 160 can include extremes 144, in particular as a function of an electrical voltage as a parameter.
  • FIG. 4 shows the fourth signal curve 160, in particular a pumping current Ip as a function of
  • this fourth waveform 160 can be detected for example by a pump voltage increase Up + AUp.
  • a decrease in the pumping current when the pumping voltage is increased is generally not plausible.
  • a change in the sensor signal 138 for example, by different operating temperatures, by the control 126, for example a controller, stored slope, for example, a static temperature dependence, be compensated.
  • the slope of the static temperature dependence can be compensated by a K value determination dynamic flow measurement

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  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de correction d'une caractéristique d'un élément de capteur (112) destiné à détecter la proportion d'oxygène dans un gaz d'échappement (114) d'une machine à combustion interne. L'élément de capteur (112) comprend au moins deux électrodes (116) et au moins un électrolyte solide (118) qui relie les électrodes (116). L'élément de capteur (112) produit au moins un signal de capteur (138). La caractéristique issue du signal de capteur (138) permet de déduire la proportion d'oxygène. Dans le procédé, aux moins deux allures du signal du capteur (138) sont produites. Les allures du signal sont examinées chacune pour déterminer si au moins une condition est remplie. La correction est réalisée en fonction des allures des signaux.
PCT/EP2012/057747 2011-06-24 2012-04-27 Procédé de correction d'une caractéristique d'un élément de capteur WO2012175242A1 (fr)

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DE102011078056A DE102011078056A1 (de) 2011-06-24 2011-06-24 Verfahren zum Abgleich einer Kennlinie eines Sensorelements

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DE102013213671A1 (de) * 2013-07-12 2015-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Nachweis mindestens eines Anteils einer Gaskomponente eines Gases in einem Messgasraum

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JPH063304A (ja) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-11 Unisia Jecs Corp 内燃機関における空燃比検出装置
US5964208A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-10-12 Denso Corporation Abnormality diagnosing system for air/fuel ratio feedback control system
EP1048834A2 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Méthode pour corriger la courbe caractéristique d'une sonde lambda linéaire
US20040060550A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Ming-Cheng Wu Auto-calibration method for a wide range exhaust gas oxygen sensor
US6789533B1 (en) * 2003-07-16 2004-09-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine control system
DE102006043089A1 (de) 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gassensor, insbesondere Lambdasonde für Kraftfahrzeug mit Verbrennungsmotoren
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JPH063304A (ja) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-11 Unisia Jecs Corp 内燃機関における空燃比検出装置
US5964208A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-10-12 Denso Corporation Abnormality diagnosing system for air/fuel ratio feedback control system
EP1048834A2 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Méthode pour corriger la courbe caractéristique d'une sonde lambda linéaire
US20040060550A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Ming-Cheng Wu Auto-calibration method for a wide range exhaust gas oxygen sensor
US6789533B1 (en) * 2003-07-16 2004-09-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine control system
DE102006043089A1 (de) 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gassensor, insbesondere Lambdasonde für Kraftfahrzeug mit Verbrennungsmotoren
DE102008044310A1 (de) 2008-12-03 2010-06-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung der Zusammensetzung eines Gasgemischs

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