WO2012174684A1 - 一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组 - Google Patents

一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012174684A1
WO2012174684A1 PCT/CN2011/001091 CN2011001091W WO2012174684A1 WO 2012174684 A1 WO2012174684 A1 WO 2012174684A1 CN 2011001091 W CN2011001091 W CN 2011001091W WO 2012174684 A1 WO2012174684 A1 WO 2012174684A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
continuously variable
electric continuously
electric
motor
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PCT/CN2011/001091
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖珊彩
施文江
秦明
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国电联合动力技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2012174684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012174684A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F05B2220/70642—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type of the synchronous type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a large-scale wind power generator set, in particular to a large-scale electric continuously variable synchronous wind power generator set of megawatt level or above.
  • the present invention aims to provide an electric continuously variable large-scale synchronous wind turbine generator, the size of the large synchronous wind turbine generator set.
  • the weight is only comparable to the existing double-fed generator set, and there is no need to use a high-power gear box, and the reliability is greatly improved.
  • the invention adopts a conventional synchronous generator, which can still meet the stringent requirements of the power grid for the wind turbine.
  • An electric continuously variable large-scale synchronous wind turbine includes a fan hub, an electric continuously variable transmission and a conventional synchronous generator;
  • the electric continuously variable transmission includes a generator and an electric motor, and the electric power generation
  • the motor and the electric motor share a rotor body, and the magnetic circuits are independent of each other;
  • the hub shaft is connected with the generator shaft in the electric continuously variable transmission, and the generator armature is directly driven by the hub, and the generator is mainly driven by the generator armature and the rotor body.
  • the inner rotor is composed of;
  • the electric motor in the electric continuously variable transmission is mainly composed of an electric motor armature and an outer rotor on the rotor body;
  • the electric power generated by the electric generator drives the electric motor rotor via the controller I and the controller II capable of controlling the rotational speed of the electric motor, Forming an electric continuously variable transmission;
  • the rotor body is connected to a conventional synchronous generator through a coupling, drives a synchronous generator, and the generated electricity is boosted by a transformer and then integrated into the power grid.
  • the invention adopts an electric continuously variable transmission technology in a large-scale wind turbine of megawatts and above, and uses an electric generator and an electric motor (one rotor in total) to form an electric continuously variable transmission by using power electronic control technology to replace the present Some variable ratio mechanical gearboxes.
  • the generator in the electric continuously variable transmission is driven by the power of the variable speed running wheel hub, and the generated electric power is controlled by the controller to control the rotation speed of the motor to make the motor run at the synchronous speed with the grid. In this way, the motor can maintain constant speed operation despite the variable speed operation of the wind turbine, thus achieving stepless speed change.
  • the large-scale wind power generator of the invention can be driven by a motor in a continuously variable transmission, and the power of the hub can be driven by a motor when the size and weight thereof are only comparable to the existing double-fed generator set, and the high-power gear box is not needed.
  • the synchronous generator runs at synchronous speed and is connected to the grid for power generation.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: replacing a variable speed mechanical gear box with an electric continuously variable transmission device, so that the power of the hub can be driven by the electric continuously variable transmission device.
  • the conventional synchronous generator realizes the variable speed constant frequency operation of the wind turbine, which can meet the severe requirements of the power grid for the wind turbine, and make the unit a high reliability, low cost and high power quality wind turbine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the operation of an electric continuously variable large-scale synchronous wind turbine generator of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • hub 2. slip ring, 3. generator armature, 4. inner rotor, 5. outer rotor, 6. motor armature, 7. rotor body, 8. coupling, 9. synchronous generator 10.
  • Transformer 11. Grid, 12. Controller I, 13. Controller II, 14. Hub axle, 15. Main bearing, 16. Transmission input shaft, 17. Elastic support, 18. Transmission front bearing, 19. Rotor front turntable, 20. outer casing, 21. transmission rear bearing, 22. transmission output shaft, 23. frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the working principle of an electric continuously variable large-scale synchronous wind turbine generator according to the present invention.
  • the working principle of the unit of the present invention during normal power generation is as follows:
  • the hub 1 is operated at a low rotational speed n1
  • a rotor body 7 shared by the inner rotor 4 and the outer rotor 5 is operated at a high-speed synchronous rotational speed nt of the electrical network.
  • the generator armature 3 is directly driven by the hub 1, and it constitutes a generator with the inner rotor 4 on the rotor body 7, and the generator armature 3 and the inner rotor 4 operate to generate electricity at a relative rotational speed nt-nl.
  • the electric current from the generator is led to the controller I 12 via the slip ring 2, and the controller sends the converted electric energy to the controller 11 13, and the controller II 13 sends the converted electric energy to the motor armature 6, the motor armature 6 and the outer rotor 5 constitute an electric motor.
  • the motor armature is stationary, it is powered by the controller 11 13 , and the controller ⁇ 13 controls the rotational speed of the outer rotor 5 in real time, that is, the outer rotor 5 in the figure is synchronized with the grid. Speed nt operation.
  • the motor rotor drives the synchronous generator 9 via the rotor body 7, the transmission output shaft 22 and the flexible coupling 8, and the emitted electricity is boosted by the transformer 10 and incorporated into the grid 11.
  • the generator composed of the generator armature 3 and the inner rotor 4 may be an asynchronous generator, a permanent magnet generator, or a switched reluctance generator.
  • the motor composed of the motor armature 6 and the outer rotor 5 may be an asynchronous motor, a permanent magnet motor, or a switched reluctance motor.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of the structure of an electric continuously variable large-scale synchronous wind turbine generator of the present invention.
  • the short centerline in the figure indicates bolts of different specifications.
  • the wind turbine includes a fan hub 1, an electric continuously variable transmission and a conventional synchronous generator 9;
  • the electric continuously variable transmission includes a generator and an electric motor, and the generator shares a rotor body 7 with the electric motor, magnetic
  • the roads are independent of each other;
  • the hub axle 14 is mounted in the inner ring of the main bearing 15, and the hub main bearing 15 is a double row tapered roller bearing.
  • the front end of the hub axle 14 is fastened to the hub 1 and the rear end is fastened to the generator shaft 16.
  • the slip ring 2 is mounted on the generator shaft 16.
  • the generator armature 3 is mounted on the generator shaft 16.
  • the generator armature 3 is directly driven by the hub 1.
  • the generator is mainly composed of the generator armature 3 and the inner rotor 4 on the rotor body 7; the electric motor in the electric continuously variable transmission is mainly composed of the motor armature 6 and the outer rotor 5 on the rotor body 7.
  • the generator is connected to the controller I 12 and the controller II 13 via the slip ring 2 in sequence.
  • the rotor body 7 is connected to the conventional synchronous generator 9 through the transmission output shaft 22 and the coupling 8 to drive the synchronous generator 9 to generate electricity, which is boosted by the transformer 10 and integrated into the grid 11.
  • a rotor front turntable 19 is mounted at the front end of the rotor body 7, and a transmission output shaft 22 is disposed at the rear end.
  • the transmission output shaft 22 at the rear end of the rotor body 7 is connected to the shaft of the conventional synchronous generator 9 via a flexible coupling 8.
  • a transmission front bearing 18 and a transmission rear bearing 21 are respectively installed at both ends of the rotor body 7 shared by the generator and the motor of the electric continuously variable transmission, and the front bearing 18 and the rear bearing 21 are both deep groove ball bearings or have equivalent functions. Other forms of bearings.
  • Synchronous generator 9 is the main generator, the main power generation
  • the machine is mounted on the frame 23 via the elastic support 17.
  • the outer ring of the main bearing 15 is mounted within the outer casing 20.
  • the outer casing 20 is integral with the frame 23, and the motor armature 6 is mounted within the outer casing 20.

Abstract

一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组，它包括风机轮毂、一个电无级变速器和一台常规的同步发电机；电无级变速器包括一台发电机和一台电动机，共用一个转子体，利用电力电子控制技术组成一个电无级变速器，来取代现有的可变比的机械式齿轮箱，依靠电无级变速器中的电动机就可以驱动一台常规的同步发电机以同步转速运行，并网发电，成为一种高可靠性、低成本、高电能质量的风力发电机组，适用于兆瓦级及以上的大型电无级变速同步型风力发电机组。

Description

一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组
技术领域
说
本发明涉及一种大型风力发电机组， 特别是一种兆瓦级及以上的大型 电无级变速同步型风力发电机组。
背景技术 随着全球对风电能源日益增长的需求， 对书风力发电机组的技术先进性 和生产成本提出了越来越大的挑战。 目前功率在兆瓦级及以上的大型风电 机组主要以双馈型发电机组和直驱型发电机组为主。 双馈型风电机组的传 动链必须要有大功率齿轮箱， 这对机组的可靠性和可维护性提出了更苛刻 的要求。 直驱型风力发电机组避免了大功率齿轮箱的维护工作量， 可靠性 有所提高。 但由于其转速很低， 随着功率的增大， 其尺寸和重量将越来越 大， 成本也会越来越高。 此外， 这两类发电机在对电网无功支撑能力以及 低电压穿越的性能方面与常规同步发电机相比， 都要差一些。 发明内容 为了克服现有的大型风电机组存在尺寸重量大或需要大功率齿轮箱的 不足， 本发明的目的在于： 提供一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组， 该大型同步风力发电机组其尺寸重量仅与现有的双馈型发电机组相当， 又 无需采用大功率齿轮箱， 可靠性有很大提高。 并且随着风电机组容量占电 网总容量比重日益增大， 电网对并网型风电机组性能要求日趋严厉时， 本 发明采用常规同步发电机， 仍可满足电网对风电机组的严厉要求。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组， 它包括风机轮毂、 一个电无级 变速器和一台常规的同步发电机； 所述的电无级变速器包括一台发电机和 一台电动机， 该发电机与电动机共用一个转子体， 磁路互相独立； 所述的 轮毂轴与电无级变速器中的发电机轴相连， 由轮毂直接驱动发电机电枢， 该发电机主要由发电机电枢与转子体上的内转子组成； 电无级变速器中的 电动机主要由电动机电枢与转子体上的外转子组成； 由该发电机发出的电 经控制器 I和可控制电动机转速的控制器 II驱动电动机转子， 形成电无级 变速器； 所述的转子体通过联轴器与常规的同步发电机相连， 驱动同步发 电机， 发出的电经变压器升压后并入电网。
本发明在兆瓦级及以上的大型风力发电机组中采用电无级变速技术， 用一台发电机和一台电动机 （共有一个转子） 利用电力电子控制技术组成 一个电无级变速器， 来取代现有的可变比的机械式齿轮箱。 电无级变速器 中的发电机由变速运行的风轮轮毂的动力驱动发电， 发出的电经控制器变 换后控制电动机的转速， 使电动机以与电网的同步转速运转。 这样尽管风 轮以变速运行， 电动机却可以保持恒速运行， 从而实现了无级变速。 本发 明大型风力发电机组可以在其尺寸重量仅与现有的双馈型发电机组相当， 又无需采用大功率齿轮箱时， 将轮毂的动力经电无级变速器中的电动机就 可以驱动一台常规的同步发电机以同步转速运行， 并网发电。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果是： 用电无级变速装置取代一种 可变速的机械式齿轮箱， 这样可以将轮毂的动力经电无级变速装置驱动一 台常规同步发电机， 实现了风电机组的变速恒频运行， 可满足电网对风电 机组的严厉要求， 使机组成为一种高可靠性、 低成本、 高电能质量的风力 发电机组。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图 1是本发明电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组的工作原理图。
图 2是本发明的结构示意图。
图中， 1.轮毂， 2.滑环， 3.发电机电枢， 4.内转子， 5.外转子， 6.电 动机电枢， 7.转子体， 8.联轴器， 9.同步发电机， 10.变压器， 11.电网， 12.控制器 I， 13.控制器 II， 14.轮毂轴， 15.主轴承， 16.变速器输入轴， 17.弹性支撑， 18.变速器前轴承， 19.转子前转盘， 20.外壳， 21.变速器后 轴承， 22.变速器输出轴， 23.机架。
具体实施方式
图 1所示为本发明一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组的工作原理 图。本发明机组在正常发电时的工作原理如下： 轮毂 1以一个低转速 nl运 转， 内转子 4和外转子 5共用的一个转子体 7以电网的高速同步转速 nt运 转。 发电机电枢 3由轮毂 1直接驱动， 它与转子体 7上的内转子 4组成一 台发电机， 该发电机电枢 3与内转子 4以相对转速 nt-nl运行发电。 发电 机发出的电经滑环 2引至控制器 I 12， 该控制器将变换后的电能送至控制 器 11 13， 控制器 II 13将变换后的电能送到电动机电枢 6， 电动机电枢 6与 外转子 5组成一台电动机。该电动机电枢是静止的，它由控制器 11 13供电， 控制器 Π 13实时控制外转子 5的转速， 即图中外转子 5以与电网的同步转 速 nt运转。 该电动机转子经转子体 7、 变速器输出轴 22和挠性联轴器 8 驱动同步发电机 9， 发出的电经变压器 10升压后并入电网 11。 上述发电机 电枢 3与内转子 4组成的发电机可以是异步发电机、 永磁发电机， 也可以 是开关磁阻发电机。 电动机电枢 6与外转子 5组成的电动机可以是异步电 动机、 永磁电动机， 也可以是开关磁阻电动机。
图 2所示为本发明一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组的结构的一 个实施例。 图中短小的中心线表示不同规格的螺栓。 该风力发电机组包括 风机轮毂 1、 一个电无级变速器和一台常规的同步发电机 9; 电无级变速器 包括一台发电机和一台电动机，该发电机与电动机共用一个转子体 7，磁路 互相独立； 轮毂轴 14安装在主轴承 15的内环中， 轮毂主轴承 15采用双列 圆锥滚子轴承。 轮毂轴 14的前端与轮毂 1紧固， 后端与发电机轴 16紧固。 滑环 2安装在发电机轴 16上。 发电机电枢 3安装在发电机轴 16上。 由轮 毂 1直接驱动发电机电枢 3。发电机主要由发电机电枢 3与转子体 7上的内 转子 4组成； 电无级变速器中的电动机主要由电动机电枢 6与转子体 7上 的外转子 5组成。 发电机经滑环 2依次与控制器 I 12和控制器 II 13相连。 转子体 7通过变速器输出轴 22、 联轴器 8与常规同步发电机 9相连， 驱动 同步发电机 9发电， 经变压器 10升压后并入电网 11。
在转子体 7前端装有转子前转盘 19， 后端装有变速器输出轴 22。 转子 体 7后端的变速器输出轴 22经挠性联轴器 8与常规同步发电机 9的轴相连。 在电无级变速器的发电机和电动机所共用的转子体 7的两端分别装有变速 器前轴承 18和变速器后轴承 21， 该前轴承 18 和后轴承 21均为深沟球轴 承或具有等同功能的其它形式轴承。 同步发电机 9为主发电机， 该主发电 机经弹性支撑 17安装于机架 23上。 主轴承 15的外环安装在外壳 20内。 外壳 20与机架 23做成一体， 电动机电枢 6安装在外壳 20内。
上述实施方式例子仅用于说明本发明， 其中各部件的结构、 连接方式、 布置位置等都是可以有所变化。 凡是在本发明技术方案的基础上进行的等 同变换和改进的设计， 均不应排除在本发明的保护范围之外。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组， 其特征在于： 它包括风机 轮毂（1)、 一个电无级变速器和一台常规的同步发电机 (9) ; 所述的电无级 变速器包括一台发电机和一台电动机， 该发电机与电动机共用一个转子体 (7)， 磁路互相独立； 所述的轮毂轴（14)与电无级变速器中的发电机轴（16) 相连， 由轮毂（1)直接驱动发电机电枢 (3)， 该发电机主要由发电机电枢 (3) 与转子体 (7)上的内转子 (4)组成； 电无级变速器中的电动机主要由电动机 电枢 (6)与转子体 (7)上的外转子 (5)组成； 由该发电机发出的电经控制器 I (12)和可控制电动机转速的控制器 II (13)驱动电动机转子， 形成电无级变 速器； 所述的转子体 (7)通过变速器输出轴 （22) 和联轴器 （8) 与常规的 同步发电机 (9)相连， 驱动同步发电机 (9)发出的电经变压器（10)升压后并 入电网（11)。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组， 其特征 在于： 所述的电无级变速器中的发电机可以是异步发电机、 永磁发电 机， 也可以是开关磁阻发电机； 电无级变速器中的电动机可以是异步 电动机、 永磁电动机， 也可以是开关磁阻电动机。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组，其特征 在于： 所述的轮毂主轴承（15)采用双列圆锥滚子轴承。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组，其特征 在于：在所述的电无级变速器的发电机和电动机所共用的转子体 (7)的两端 分别装有变速器前轴承（18)和变速器后轴承 (21)， 该前轴承 (18)和后轴承 (21)均为深沟球轴承或具有等同功能的其它形式轴承。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组， 其特征 在于： 所述的电无级变速器的转子体 (7)通过变速器输出轴 (22)、 挠性联轴 器 (8)与常规的同步发电机 (9)相连接。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组， 其特征 在于： 所述的常规同步发电机 (9)为主发电机， 该主发电机经弹性支撑（17) 安装于机架 (23)上。
PCT/CN2011/001091 2011-06-23 2011-07-01 一种电无级变速大型同步风力发电机组 WO2012174684A1 (zh)

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