WO2012174450A2 - Systems and methods for graphically conveying information - Google Patents
Systems and methods for graphically conveying information Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012174450A2 WO2012174450A2 PCT/US2012/042776 US2012042776W WO2012174450A2 WO 2012174450 A2 WO2012174450 A2 WO 2012174450A2 US 2012042776 W US2012042776 W US 2012042776W WO 2012174450 A2 WO2012174450 A2 WO 2012174450A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
- G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to systems and methods for graphically displaying and navigating through information, and more particularly to graphical methods and systems for rapidly conveying information, such as medical information.
- Figure 1 illustrates some of the difficulties that may be encountered in perusing this type of information.
- Figure 1 represents a list illustrating the informational content of a complete systems review. As Figure 1 shows only the types of information that can be obtained during a complete systems review, it will be appreciated that a listing of information can become even more voluminous than the listing of information shown in Figure 1. Therefore, it will be appreciated that physicians, nurses, administrators, and other medical professionals, as well as patients and other laypersons can find difficulty in reviewing, digesting, and understanding the information presented in a conventional fashion, and especially in discerning the most important information contained in write-ups using conventional methods and systems.
- the present invention relates to systems and methods for graphically displaying and navigating through information, and more particularly to graphical methods and systems for rapidly conveying information, such as medical information.
- Implementations of the present invention provide graphical information regarding one or more patients' medical information, and may be used in various methods of graphical comparison, including graphical comparison between patients, over time with a single patient, and/or over time with and/or between multiple patients. Implementations of the present invention may be used in place of and/or in conjunction with existing methods and systems for conveying medical information, including one or more textual methods and systems.
- the graphical information may be provided electronically to any electronic or computer device or may be provided in hard copy, such as a part of a patient's chart.
- the use of graphical patient medical information permits rapid and improved conveyance of information, and may improve recognition and understanding of the most relevant medical information, as will be understood below.
- Implementations of the present invention utilize graphical methods and systems to rapidly convey medical information, such as to medical professionals and to laypersons, including to patients. While particular graphical methods and systems are described herein, the illustrated systems and methods are intended to be illustrative. It is anticipated that alternative graphical methods and systems may be utilized other than those specifically described herein, and such alternative implementations are embraced by the present invention and the full scope of the present invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims.
- Implementations of the present invention utilize a graphical rating or scoring system in relation to multiple aspects of a patient's medical information, and may extend the analysis to all aspects of a patient's medical information.
- Each item of medical information may receive a rating, score, grade, mark, evaluation, or other count, such as from one to ten, one to five, one to fifty, zero to ten, A to F, green to red, etc., and the rating information may be stored.
- the received rating information may be received numerically or graphically, or may be determined based on one or more responses to queries as to the patient's medical information.
- the information may also be received electronically, such as utilizing a computer or electronic device, or may be transferred into an electronic format from a paper, dictation, or other format.
- the received rating information may then be displayed graphically, such as using one or more bar charts, pie charts, images depicting a patient or a portion thereof, medical progress forms, tree structures, utilizing color information, and/or by some other graphical format, where it can be quickly and rapidly communicated.
- multiple individual pieces of information may be displayed graphically, and some individual pieces of information may be combined to provide one or more average scores, ratings, etc.
- the average of multiple scores, ratings, etc. may also be provided or displayed graphically, either as part of a graphical representation of the individual scores, ratings, etc., or individually, or in combination with multiple average scores, ratings, etc. representing averages of other information items.
- averages of several averages may be displayed, and any number of layers of averages may be provided.
- a user may elect to drill down (and back up, if desired) through layers of graphical representations of averages, to better understand certain average scores and their components.
- the invention also relates to a system for graphically conveying information through a tree structure, a bar graph, a depiction of a patient, or in any other suitable manner.
- the system comprises at least one category of information, and multiple subcategories of information in each category.
- a graphical subcategory score can be associated with each of the subcategories.
- a display mechanism can communicate, in a graphically succinct manner, a graphical category score for the category, wherein the graphical category score is selected from an average of the graphical subcategory scores, a highest graphical subcategory score, and a lowest graphical subcategory score.
- the graphical information provides a way to view, communicate, understand, and/or utilize medical information that has heretofore been unavailable.
- medical professionals and even laypersons are able to quickly view and grasp a patient's medical situation using implementations of the present invention in ways that were previously impossible.
- the information may be additionally utilized in ways previously unavailable to assist in diagnosis and treatment.
- the described systems and methods can comprise a number of other features and characteristics.
- the described systems comprise a search feature that allows a user to search medical information according to ratings, scores, or other search criteria.
- the described systems and methods include means for generating and collecting billing information in near real-time.
- the described systems comprise a mechanism for caching various levels of the information that have been viewed by the user.
- Figure 1 illustrates a PRIOR ART textual method for conveying patient medical information
- Figure 2 shows a representative computer system that may be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 3 shows a representative networked computer environment that may be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention
- Figures 4-13 illustrate representative graphical displays that are illustrative of features of embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 14 shows a representative graphical display comprising a representative embodiment of tree structure
- Figure 15 shows a flow chart representing processes that may be used in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 16 illustrates a representative embodiment of a line graph representing a comparison between potential status and actual status of a patient
- Figure 17 shows a screenshot of a representative embodiment including a text box
- Figure 18 shows a screenshot of a representative embodiment including a search feature.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide graphical information regarding one or more patients' medical information, and may be used in various methods of graphical comparison, including graphical comparison between patients, over time with a single patient, and/or over time with and/or between multiple patients.
- Embodiments of the invention may be used in place of and/or in conjunction with existing methods and systems for conveying medical information, including one or more textual methods and systems.
- the graphical information may be provided electronically to any electronic or computer device or may be provided in hard copy, such as a part of a patient's chart.
- the use of graphical patient medical information permits rapid and improved conveyance of information, and may improve recognition and understanding of the most relevant medical information, as will be understood below.
- Medical information should be interpreted broadly, and includes any information that may be medically relevant, including symptom information, general patient information, medical history information, family medical history information, genetic information, medicinal information, treatment information, dietary information, pharmaceutical information, or any other information that relates to an individual.
- Embodiments of the invention utilize graphical methods and systems to rapidly convey medical information, such as to medical professionals and to laypersons, including to patients. While particular graphical methods and systems are described herein, the illustrated systems and methods are intended to be illustrative. It is anticipated that alternative graphical methods and systems may be utilized other than those specifically described herein, and such alternative embodiments are embraced by the invention and the full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims.
- each item of medical information receives a rating, score, grade, mark, evaluation, color code, or other count (sometimes referred to herein as rating information or a score), such as from one to ten, one to five, one to fifty, zero to ten, A to F, A to Z, green to red, white to black, etc., and the rating information is stored.
- the received rating information is received numerically, alphabetically, and/or graphically, or is determined based on one or more responses to queries as to the patient's medical information.
- the information can also be received electronically, such as utilizing a computer or electronic device, or can be transferred into an electronic format from a paper, dictation, or other format.
- the received rating information is then displayed graphically, such as using one or more bar charts, pie charts, images depicting a patient or a portion thereof, medical progress forms, tree structures, utilizing color information, and/or by some other graphical format, where it can be quickly and rapidly viewed and digested.
- multiple individual pieces of information are displayed graphically, and some individual pieces of information are combined to provide one or more average scores, ratings, etc.
- the average of multiple scores, ratings, etc. can also be provided or displayed graphically, either as part of a graphical representation of the individual scores, ratings, etc., or individually, or in combination with multiple average scores, ratings, etc. representing averages of other information items.
- averages of several averages are displayed, and any number of layers of averages is provided.
- a user elects to drill down (and back up, if desired) through layers of graphical representations of averages, to better understand certain average scores, ratings, as well as to better understand high or low scores, and their components.
- the graphical information provides a way to view, understand, and utilize medical information that has heretofore been unavailable. Medical professionals and even laypersons can quickly view and grasp a patient's medical situation using embodiments of the present invention in ways that were previously impossible. The information can be additionally utilized in ways previously unavailable to assist in diagnosis and treatment. While not all advantages and improvements in patient diagnosis, treatment, and care provided by the embodiments of the invention have been explicitly set forth herein, it is anticipated that such advantages and improvements will be understood from the description and Figures and by practicing the invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention embrace one or more computer readable media, wherein each medium may be configured to include or includes thereon data or computer executable instructions for manipulating data.
- the computer executable instructions include data structures, objects, programs, routines, or other program modules that may be accessed by a processing system, such as one associated with a general-purpose computer capable of performing various different functions or one associated with a special-purpose computer capable of performing a limited number of functions.
- Computer executable instructions cause the processing system to perform a particular function or group of functions and are examples of program code means for implementing steps for methods disclosed herein.
- RAM random-access memory
- ROM read-only memory
- PROM programmable read-only memory
- EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- CD-ROM compact disk read-only memory
- a representative system for implementing the invention includes computer device 10, which may be a general-purpose or special- purpose computer.
- computer device 10 may be a personal computer, a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant ("PDA") or other hand-held device, a workstation, a minicomputer, a mainframe, a supercomputer, a multi-processor system, a network computer, a processor-based consumer electronic device, or the like.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- Computer device 10 includes system bus 12, which may be configured to connect various components thereof and enables data to be exchanged between two or more components.
- System bus 12 may include one of a variety of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, or a local bus that uses any of a variety of bus architectures.
- Typical components connected by system bus 12 include processing system 14 and memory 16.
- Other components may include one or more mass storage device interfaces 18, input interfaces 20, output interfaces 22, and/or network interfaces 24, each of which will be discussed below.
- Processing system 14 includes one or more processors, such as a central processor and optionally one or more other processors designed to perform a particular function or task. It is typically processing system 14 that executes the instructions provided on computer readable media, such as on memory 16, a magnetic hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a magnetic cassette, an optical disk, or from a communication connection, which may also be viewed as a computer readable medium.
- processors such as a central processor and optionally one or more other processors designed to perform a particular function or task. It is typically processing system 14 that executes the instructions provided on computer readable media, such as on memory 16, a magnetic hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a magnetic cassette, an optical disk, or from a communication connection, which may also be viewed as a computer readable medium.
- Memory 16 includes one or more computer readable media that may be configured to include or includes thereon data or instructions for manipulating data, and may be accessed by processing system 14 through system bus 12.
- Memory 16 may include, for example, ROM 28, used to permanently store information, and/or RAM 30, used to temporarily store information.
- ROM 28 may include a basic input/output system ("BIOS") having one or more routines that are used to establish communication, such as during start-up of computer device 10.
- BIOS basic input/output system
- RAM 30 may include one or more program modules, such as one or more operating systems, application programs, and/or program data.
- One or more mass storage device interfaces 18 may be used to connect one or more mass storage devices 26 to system bus 12.
- the mass storage devices 26 may be incorporated into or may be peripheral to computer device 10 and allow computer device 10 to retain large amounts of data.
- one or more of the mass storage devices 26 may be removable from computer device 10. Examples of mass storage devices include hard disk drives, magnetic disk drives, tape drives and optical disk drives.
- a mass storage device 26 may read from and/or write to a magnetic hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a magnetic cassette, an optical disk, or another computer readable medium.
- Mass storage devices 26 and their corresponding computer readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data and/or executable instructions that may include one or more program modules such as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, or program data. Such executable instructions are examples of program code means for implementing steps for methods disclosed herein.
- One or more input interfaces 20 may be employed to enable a user to enter data and/or instructions to computer device 10 through one or more corresponding input devices 32. Examples of such input devices include a keyboard and alternate input devices, such as a mouse, trackball, light pen, stylus, or other pointing device, a microphone, a joystick, a game pad, a satellite dish, a scanner, a camcorder, a digital camera, and the like.
- input interfaces 20 that may be used to connect the input devices 32 to the system bus 12 include a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (“USB”), a firewire (IEEE 1394), or another interface.
- serial port a serial port
- parallel port a parallel port
- game port a game port
- USB universal serial bus
- Firewire IEEE 1394
- One or more output interfaces 22 may be employed to connect one or more corresponding output devices 34 to system bus 12. Examples of output devices include a monitor or display screen, a speaker, a printer, and the like. A particular output device 34 may be integrated with or peripheral to computer device 10. Examples of output interfaces include a video adapter, an audio adapter, a parallel port, and the like.
- One or more network interfaces 24 enable computer device 10 to exchange information with one or more other local or remote computer devices, illustrated as computer devices 36, via a network 38 that may include hardwired and/or wireless links.
- network interfaces include a network adapter for connection to a local area network ("LAN") or a modem, wireless link, or other adapter for connection to a wide area network (“WAN”), such as the Internet.
- the network interface 24 may be incorporated with or peripheral to computer device 10.
- accessible program modules or portions thereof may be stored in a remote memory storage device.
- computer device 10 may participate in a distributed computing environment, where functions or tasks are performed by a plurality of networked computer devices.
- the system configuration includes an output device (e.g. , a multifunctional peripheral ("MFP") or other printer/plotter, a copy machine, a facsimile machine, a monitor, etc.).
- the system configuration includes one or more client computer devices, optionally one or more server computer devices, and a connection or network communication that enables the exchange of communication to an output device, which is configured to perform multi-colorant rendering.
- Figure 3 represents an embodiment of the present invention in a networked environment that includes clients connected to a server via a network.
- (40, 42, 44) can access patient information across a network 38, such as from server 48, for the rendering of the information in accordance with embodiments of the present invention on the one or more clients (40, 42, 44) and/or using a printing device, such as MFP 46.
- Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment that includes a client 40, two additional clients (client 42 and client 44), one peripheral device (MFP 46), and optionally a server 48, which may include a print server, connected to network 38
- client 40 two additional clients
- client 42 and client 44 one peripheral device
- MFP 46 peripheral device
- server 48 which may include a print server
- alternative embodiments include more or fewer clients, more than one peripheral device, no peripheral devices, no server 48, and/or more than one server 48 connected to network 38.
- embodiments of the present invention include local, networked, or peer- to-peer environments where one or more computer devices may be connected to one or more local or remote peripheral devices. Moreover, embodiments in accordance with the present invention also embrace a single electronic consumer device, wireless networked environments, local, and/or wide area networked environments. Embodiments in accordance with the present invention further include a multitude of clients throughout the world connected to a network, where the network is a wide area network, such as the Internet.
- any type of display device or technology may be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention, including televisions, monitors, projectors, general-purpose and custom handheld screens, etc. It will be appreciated that future computer and graphical display technology may also be utilized with embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG 4. One embodiment of a graphical representation of patient medical information, as it may be generated by a computer, a dedicated electronic device, or by any other process (as will be appreciated below), is illustrated in Figure 4. As has been discussed above and will be discussed below, the graphical representation of Figure 4 is merely illustrative.
- the graphical representation of Figure 4 provides a general review of systems, and may provide a user (such as a medical professional or a layperson) with a general overview of a patient's past or present medical status.
- the graphical representation has been provided with a number of categories 50, each category 50 having a graphical score 52 associated therewith.
- the categories 50 may include any desired category selections, and may be varied to suit a particular purpose, such as a particular diagnostic design, a particular type of medical practice, etc.
- the categories 50 of Figure 4 may be considered to be a general review of systems, and therefore include the following category selections: 1) Allergic / Immunological / Lymphatic / Endocrine, 2) Neurologic / Psychiatric, 3) Musculoskeletal, 4) Genitourinary, 5) Gastrointestinal, 6) Respiratory, 7) Cardiovascular, 8) Head / Eyes / Ears / Nose / Mouth / Throat, 9) Skin / Breast, and 10) General / Constitutional. While ten specific category selections are represented among categories 50, any number or type of selections may be included.
- each category has a graphical score 52 associated therewith.
- the graphical scores 52 may range from zero to ten. This number has been arbitrarily selected, and such scores may range on any desired scale, such as from zero to five, one to ten, one to five, zero to fifty, A to Z, A to F, etc.
- the graphical scores 52 need not necessarily have corresponding numerical values, per se, but may have other graphical signals, such as color, shape, or intensity, to represent the graphical scores 52.
- the numerical value of the graphical scores 52 may have wellness associated with either the maximum or the minimum score value (i.e., either ten or zero in the scale of Figure 4).
- a high value of the graphical score 52 may represent wellness in the corresponding category 50, while in other embodiments, a low value of the graphical score 52 may represent wellness in the corresponding category 50.
- the user may elect whether the high value or the low value represents maximum wellness, and in some embodiments, the representation may be switched at will.
- a display such as shown in Figure 4 would indicate the highest degree of wellness in the system category 50 of "Neurologic / Psychiatric," as that category 50 has a maximum rightward graphical extent / graphical score 52, corresponding to a numerical score of ten.
- a display such as shown in Figure 4 would indicate the highest degree of wellness in the system categories 50 of "Musculoskeletal,” “Gastrointestinal,” and "Head / Eyes / Nose / Mouth / Throat,” as each of those categories 50 have the minimum rightward graphical extent / graphical score 52, corresponding to a numerical score of four.
- a user viewing a graphical representation such as depicted in Figure 4 will be very quickly able to determine areas of potential trouble for the associated patient. Indeed, as the user becomes familiar with the information displayed in the graphical representation, it will become less necessary for the user to refer to the category descriptions that may be displayed on the graphical representation, and such descriptions may even be omitted from some displays in at least some embodiments. Indeed, though the numerical values corresponding to the graphical scores 52 are shown along the bottom axis of the graphical representation of Figure 4, in some embodiments those values may be omitted and the relevant information may be displayed exclusively through the rightward extent of the graphical scores 52.
- Figure 4 may immediately determine that the most troubling item is the "Neurologic / Psychiatric" category (assuming a low score represents wellness), and may only read the label for that category on a first examination.
- the physician instead of having to wade through a long written list of positive and negative symptom information ⁇ see the PRIOR ART information of Figure 1), the physician can obtain what is likely the most relevant and important information at a glance. Other, less important information may also be rapidly conveyed, and may be further investigated as warranted.
- the graphical representation of Figure 4 includes an average graphical score 54.
- the average graphical score 54 may represent an average of all the graphical scores 52 shown in the graphical representation, or may represent some other average or information.
- the average graphical score 54 may be represented in a different graphical orientation or format for contrast and/or clarity (as shown in Figure 4), or it may be represented similarly to the other graphical scores 52 and set apart via textual information or some other identifier.
- the user may reference the average graphical score 54 to obtain more general information about a certain portion of (e.g. , a system) or all the medical information represented, such as the patient's general health.
- Figures 5 and 6 present graphical representations similar to that of Figure 4.
- the graphical representation of Figure 5 may correspond to a hypothetical perfectly- healthy individual, if a high graphical score 52 represents wellness. Alternatively, if a high graphical score represents sickness, the graphical representation of Figure 5 might correspond to a patient suffering from hypochondria or to a very-ill patient.
- the graphical representation of Figure 6 would likely be quickly interpreted as representing a generally-well person with one problematic area or a generally- sick person with one area of no concern, depending on whether high or low graphical scores 52 correspond to wellness. Regardless, it will be readily apparent from Figure 6 that a user of the embodiments of the present invention will be able to nearly instantly determine problem and/or non-problem areas utilizing the graphical representations discussed herein in a way not currently available.
- additional information may be presented textually or otherwise.
- additional information may be presented graphically.
- a user may decide that he or she wants more information about a specific category 50, such as "Musculoskeletal.”
- a user may either turn to a page representing additional information related to the selected category 50 (if the graphical representations are in hard copy format), or may utilize an input device to select a particular category 50 or graphical score 52 for more information. In this way, the user can "drill down" to find more information.
- Figures 7-9 show representations of a graphical representation that might be displayed upon selection of the "Musculoskeletal" category 50.
- the categories 50 might be replaced by new subcategories 56.
- the subcategories 56 may represent the information utilized to provide the graphical score 52 associated with the general "Musculoskeletal" category 50 (as shown in Figures 4-6).
- “Musculoskeletal” category) can be given based on the lowest graphical score (e.g. , back, elbow, hand, and knee) or the highest graphical score (e.g. , foot) of its subcategories, in some embodiments, a subcategory average graphical score 58 may be provided. In such embodiments, the subcategory average graphical score 58 may be the same as the graphical score 52 shown in conjunction with the general "Musculoskeletal" category 50 (as shown in Figures 4-6).
- the subcategories 56 such as those shown in Figures 7-9 may include 1) Neck, 2) Back, 3) Shoulder, 4) Elbow, 5) Wrist, 6) Hand, 7) Hip, 8) Knee, 9) Ankle, 10) Foot. While ten specific subcategories 56 have been illustrated, any number or type of subcategories 56 may be utilized, such as to suit a particular diagnosis or treatment purpose.
- the subcategories 56 and the graphical scores 52 associated therewith may be utilized in similar fashion to the categories 56 and the graphical scores 52 associated therewith.
- further drilling down to more specific medical information may be possible. For example, if one of the "Hip" or "Knee" subcategories 56 or corresponding graphical scores 52 of Figures 7-9 is selected, a new graphical display, such as illustrated in Figures 10 or 11, may be displayed.
- new subcategories 56 are presented in relation to the previous subcategory of "Hip,” with their corresponding graphical scores 52 and the corresponding subcategory average graphical score 58.
- the new subcategories 56 presented may include 1) ROM, 2) Sitting, 3) Stairs, 4) Support, 5) Limp, 6) Activities, 7) Distance, 8) Pain/Stairs, 9) Pain/Walk, and 10) Pain/Rest.
- new subcategories 56 are presented in relation to the previous subcategory of "Knee,” with their corresponding graphical scores 52 and the corresponding subcategory average graphical score 58.
- the subcategories 56 may include 1) Function, 2) Malalign, 3) Flex. Cntrt., 4) Ext. Lag, 5) Stability / AP, 6) Stability ML, 7) ROM, 8) Pain / Stairs, 9) Pain / Walk, 10) Pain / Rest.
- a bread crumb trail is provided as a user drills down and/or up through the various categories 50 and subcategories of a patient's medical information.
- the user can easily find his or her place in the patient's information or can skip to a desired location in the patient's information by selecting a desired category or subcategory from the bread trail.
- Figure 10 shows some embodiments in which the bread trail 100 includes a link 102 to each category, subcategory, and/or sub-subcategory the user visits as the user navigates through the patient's medical information.
- the trail can be organized in any suitable manner. Indeed, in some embodiments, the bread crumb trail includes a listing of links to the various categories and subcategories of information the user has visited during a single session or over several sessions. In other embodiments, the bread crumb trail only indicates the subcategories and sub- subcategories a user has visited within a category.
- the bread crumb trail can also comprise scores or rating information to allow the user to quickly find information of interest.
- each link to a particular category or subcategory may include a numerical score, a color code, symbol, etc. that is associated with one or more average ratings/scores, highest ratings/scores, or lowest rating/scores that are associated with each category or subcategory.
- Figure 11 shows some embodiments in which each link 102 comprises a rating (e.g. , 6, 2.4, 8) that indicates the average rating information for each category and subcategory listed in the bread crumb trail 100.
- the transition may occur automatically upon drilling down to a most-detailed level of graphical representation.
- the transition may occur at any graphical display upon selection by the user, such as by an alternative input at an input device or upon some other selection.
- a link to such textual information may be provided with respect to any piece of information/category 50/subcategory 56/graphical score 52/etc.
- some textual information provided can be provided with detail corresponding to the level of detail in the associated graphical representation.
- the textual information may have a single level of detail, and transitioning to the textual information may occur to a particular relevant point within the textual information or may include highlighting the relevant textual information in some way.
- the graphical and textual information may be simultaneously presented, such as side-by-side or above-and- below, to best convey information in the manner desired by the user.
- the "textual information" displayed may include graphical or other information of the type currently provided with patient medical information, where appropriate. In this way, the user may be provided with all information available previously, but supplemented with the rapidly-digested graphical information discussed herein.
- Figure 12 illustrates a graphical representation that might be used to evaluate a patient prior to an operation or other surgical or non-surgical procedure.
- a medical professional may, at a glance, decide that proceeding under certain circumstances would be unwise and may recommend treatment to lower certain risk factors, etc.
- a pre-operation and a post-operation set of graphical representation(s) may be prepared and compared. In this way, an evaluation of the success of the procedure and/or how well the patient came through the procedure may easily be made. This may be done, for example, by preparing and comparing two graphical representations.
- the pre- and post- information may be prepared on a single graphical representation, and may be demarcated by order, color, shading, placement, identifiers, intensity, etc.
- graphical comparisons may be made between patients, as is illustrated by Figure 13.
- the categories 50 of Figure 13 may represent individual patients, and may permit rapid comparison between groups.
- the above-described graphical comparisons between patients and groups is meant to be merely illustrative of the various ways in which the graphical representations of the present invention may provide improved information to users, including medical professionals and laypersons.
- a medical professional may begin to recognize and associate certain graphical patterns with certain diagnoses.
- a medical professional may recognize that a certain pattern or set of graphical scores 52 in a certain score range is associated with arthritic damage.
- the medical professional may suspect arthritis.
- the medical professional might notice a similar pattern emerging for a certain patient, but with scores still more toward healthful than would indicate arthritic damage.
- the medical professional might suspect early-stage arthritis and might be able to preventatively treat the condition and/or do further testing to confirm the tentative diagnosis. In this way, embodiments of the invention might assist with diagnosis, even in earlier stages than might otherwise be caught, and with treatment.
- the computer programs may include diagnosis information based on patterns discovered over tens, hundreds, or thousands of patients, along with the associated diagnoses. This information may be displayed with the graphical representations and/or separately.
- diagnosis information based on patterns discovered over tens, hundreds, or thousands of patients, along with the associated diagnoses. This information may be displayed with the graphical representations and/or separately.
- the illustrated graphical representations include bar charts, thereby providing linear graphical scores 52
- the graphical scores 52 may be represented in any number of ways.
- the graphical scores 52 may be represented as colors on a continuum of color.
- a red-green or other bi-color graphical continuum may be utilized, with one of the colors (e.g. , red or green) representing a more healthful graphical score 52.
- the graphical scores 52 in such an embodiment may be interpreted by determining how much of one color a graphical score 52 is, or if the graphical score 52 is more in-between (e.g. , brown, in the red-green scheme). It will be appreciated that such a representation of graphical scores 52 may permit more medical information to be displayed on a single graphical display, as the graphical scores 52 in such embodiments do not rely on physical size to convey the graphical scores 52.
- any graphical mechanism or method may be utilized to convey patient medical information by way of a graphical score 52. Some such systems and methods may permit more information to be displayed at a single time, while other methods and systems may be clearer when utilizing certain display media or devices, and one of skill in the art may determine a desired graphical system/method to suit a particular use.
- the described systems and methods can include any other suitable graphical representation that can display graphical scores for one or more categories/subcategories of information.
- the graphical representation of patient medical information is provided through the use of an image depicting a physical representation of a patient or of one or more of the patient' s body parts.
- the representation may include a picture of the patient; a rendering of a generic human body; a depiction of a physiological system, a body part, etc.; or any other suitable depiction of a patient or portion thereof.
- the graphical representation can display rating information (e.g. , color codes, numerical codes, etc.) for one or more categories of the patient's medical information.
- the graphical representation shows an outline of a human body that graphically represents several categories of the patient' s health, including the patient's: neurologic / psychiatric health (as indicated by rating information in the head region), cardiovascular health (as indicated by rating information associated with a depiction of heart), skin and breasts (as indicated by rating information associated with the outline of the depiction of the body), etc.
- the rating information for each category of the patient' s medical information can be graphically displayed for the highest score of the subcategories in that category, the lowest score of the corresponding subcategories, an average score of the subcategories, an average of several average scores, or any other information associated with that category or any subcategory in that category. Accordingly, at the macro level, a user, such as a medical professional, can easily look at the graphical representation to determine the patient' s overall status (e.g., to determine problems, healthy areas, etc.).
- the user can drill down through the various subcategories of the patient's medical information in any suitable manner. For instance, if the user then desires to obtain more information about a particular category of the patient's medical information, the user can select that category (e.g., by selecting a portion of the depiction of the patient) and drill down to one or more subcategories to obtain more information.
- the graphical representation at the macro level, displays rating information that indicates a significant malady in the patient's gastrointestinal tract, the user can drill down to determine the specific type, location, treatments, and/or other information related to the malady.
- the graphical representation comprises one or more tree structures that associate rating information (e.g. , color coding, or numerical coding) with one or more categories or subcategories of a patient' s health information.
- rating information e.g. , color coding, or numerical coding
- FIG. 14 shows that the tree' s trunk 200 identifies the patient and primary branches 202 from the trunk each identify a different system of the patient's body (e.g. , Allergic / Immunological / Lymphatic / Endocrine, Neurologic / Psychiatric, Musculoskeletal, Genitourinary, Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Head / Eyes / Ears / Nose / Mouth / Throat, and Skin / Breast).
- a different system of the patient's body e.g. , Allergic / Immunological / Lymphatic / Endocrine, Neurologic / Psychiatric, Musculoskeletal, Genitourinary, Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Head / Eyes / Ears / Nose / Mouth / Throat, and Skin / Breast.
- each primary branch 202 can include rating information based on the highest score of any corresponding sub-branches, the lowest score of any corresponding sub-branches, an average score of any corresponding sub-branches, an average of several average scores, or any other information associated with that system or any subcategory of that system.
- General / Constitutional rating information 204 e.g., a color code, numerical score, etc.
- each primary branch 202 can include rating information based on the highest score of any corresponding sub-branches, the lowest score of any corresponding sub-branches, an average score of any corresponding sub-branches, an average of several average scores, or any other information associated with that system or any subcategory of that system.
- the user can drill down into specific areas (e.g., portions, systems, etc.) of the patient' s health by selecting a specific secondary branch 202 (e.g. , system, such as the cardiovascular system). From there, the user can continue to select one or more tertiary 204, quaternary (not shown), and/or other subset of branches to obtain additional information down to the most-detailed level.
- specific areas e.g., portions, systems, etc.
- a specific secondary branch 202 e.g. , system, such as the cardiovascular system.
- the user can continue to select one or more tertiary 204, quaternary (not shown), and/or other subset of branches to obtain additional information down to the most-detailed level.
- a computer displays one or more progress forms (e.g. , medical progress forms) for a patient.
- the medical progress form can comprise any suitable level of information.
- the form provides an overall rating for the patient's health (e.g., an average rating of several key health indicators).
- the form comprises rating information based on the highest score, the lowest score, an average score, an average of several average scores, or any other information associated with one or more categories/subcategories (e.g. , systems) of the patient's health.
- the user can drill through forms of varying detail to review categories and subcategories of the patient' s health down all the way to the most-detailed level.
- Figure 15 is a flowchart showing processes that may occur with some embodiments of the invention. Execution begins at decision block 60, where a determination is made whether to obtain patient medical information. It may be that medical information has already been obtained. For example, previously- existing information may be utilized.
- execution proceeds to accessing existing information at step 62. Once the information has been accessed, the information may be converted into a graphical format and stored in the graphical format at step 64, then displayed (either immediately or at a later time) at step 66. As set forth previously, it may be desirable to display textual-based medical information, or information in some other previously-available format, and so execution may proceed to decision block 68, where it is determined whether to display such information. This determination may be made by user input, for example. If such information is not to be displayed, execution may end (or return to some earlier point in the process), while if such information is to be displayed, it is displayed at step 70. After the textual information or other information in a preexisting format has been displayed, execution may terminate or return to some earlier point in the process.
- step 74 where one or more questions may be presented to draw out the medical information.
- questions may be presented by a medical professional during a patient interview, may be presented to a medical professional after observing a patient, may be presented in the form of a medical questionnaire to the patient during a patient intake procedure or otherwise, or may be otherwise presented directly to a patient, such as online.
- the questions presented need not all be in the form of questions, per se, but may be in any format designed to obtain medical information, and thus any method, system, or mechanism intended to draw out medical information may be utilized at step 74.
- the questions are structured in such a manner that the user entering the information is forced to drill down or up through information and to provide information from a general level to a most-detailed level, or vice versa.
- Execution may then proceed to step 76 where the medical information is received.
- the medical information can be entered in any suitable manner, including by responding to questions, inputting specific medical information, etc.
- information can be received through the use of one or more dialog or textual boxes ⁇ see e.g., Figure 17) that allow the user to include notes or other information in the patient's medical records. While these dialog and textual boxes can be made available at any location in the patient's medical history, in some embodiments, these boxes are only available at the most-detailed levels/subcategories of the patient's medical information. In such a manner, the systems and methods can keep the less-detailed levels of the patient's medical unencumbered with the user's notes.
- step 80 questions designed to obtain information graphically are presented.
- the graphical information questions need not necessarily be questions per se, but may include any format designed to obtain medical information.
- the graphical information questions may be presented by medical professionals to patients, may be presented to medical professionals after observing a patient, may be obtained as part of test results, may be presented directly to a patient, such as part of a medical intake process or online, or may be presented and/or obtained in any other fashion.
- the graphical information questions may also require the user to provide information that corresponds to more than one category and/or subcategory of information.
- the graphical information questions are designed to receive responses either in a graphical format or in a format easily and automatically converted to a graphical format.
- a format easily converted into a graphical format includes formats such as letter and number grades/scores within a known range or scale.
- Graphical responses may be received by any graphical selection method, system, or format, including graphical sliders, receipt of a graphical click or other selection on a graphically- displayed range by way of a mouse or other input device, selection of a radio button or option button, receipt of a color or intensity selection, or receipt of any other graphical signal or cue or representation thereof.
- the graphical information is received, it is stored at step 84, and then a determination is made at decision block 86 whether all information has been received.
- step 80 If not all information has been received, execution returns to step 80 for more presentation of graphical information questions, or to decision block 72 for a determination whether the additional information is to be obtained graphically or otherwise. Once all information has been obtained, execution may proceed to step 66 for displaying of the information. As will be understood, no conversion of the graphically-received information to a graphical format need occur.
- receipt of graphical information and receipt of information otherwise are not exclusive of each other, and information may be received both graphically and otherwise together, whether serially or simultaneously, and may be stored both graphically and/or otherwise, together or separately. It should also be understood that information may be received, converted, obtained, etc. into a graphical format by any other method or process.
- a medical information graphical representation (e.g. , a bar graph, tree structure, physical representation, etc.) that provides a review of systems of an individual's body (e.g. , Figures 4-6) can be drilled up to a level that is even broader than the particular systems of the individual' s body.
- Examples of a broader graphical view of the individual includes information relating to the individual's medical status, dietary status, financial status, education, genetic information, family traits, genetic information, family conditions, other background information, and/or other data or information that relates to the individual.
- the graphical representation can be drilled up to levels that provide broader categorical information relating to the individual, wherein each level drilled up is increasingly broader.
- each graphical representation can allow for drilling down or into subcategories to provide more information relating to the particular subcategory, wherein each level drilled down is increasingly more focused, narrow or specific.
- the described systems and methods can include any other suitable feature or characteristic that allows them to function as intended.
- the described systems and methods include a search feature that allows a user, such as a physician, to search a patient' s medical information based on one or more criteria (e.g., category labels, search terms, score levels, etc.) (see Figure 18).
- the search feature allows the user to search the patient' s medical information for scores or rating information that hits a minimum, maximum, or desired threshold. In this manner, the user can quickly determine the various aspects of a patient' s health that have problems or that are doing well.
- the search feature allows the user to locate a specific word or term in the patient's medical information.
- the search feature is configured to open a tree structure, a medical progress form, a representation of the patient, or another graphical representation to indicate where the search criteria is found in the patient's medical information. Once the user finds the searched criteria (e.g. , rating information, search term, etc.), the user can then drill down and/or up through the patient's medical information as desired.
- all or a portion of a patient's medical information is made available to the patient.
- the patient' s chart can be made available to the patient in any suitable location (e.g. , at home, in a care facility, etc.) and in any suitable manner (e.g. , via the Internet, a local area network, paper, etc.).
- the patient (or another user) can update some or all of the patient' s medical information in such a manner that a user, such as a physician, can monitor the patient' s progress and/or deterioration without actually seeing the patient.
- the patient or a caretaker e.g. , a therapist
- the patient or a caretaker can upload or otherwise provide information (e.g. , rating information) relating to the patient's pain, knee function, knee alignment, knee flexibility, etc.
- information e.g. , rating information
- users e.g., physicians
- the described systems and methods are configured to collect, compile, and otherwise use billing information for services rendered, equipment used (e.g. , medical equipment), and/or other charges that are incurred by the patient.
- equipment used e.g. , medical equipment
- the described systems and methods can be modified in any suitable way that allows them to collect and use billing information.
- the system provides the user with forms (e.g. , reimbursement forms, prescription sheets, etc.) that are relevant to the information entered.
- the systems can force or otherwise allow the user to provide information about the specific treatment and/or diagnosis of the patient.
- the systems can prompt the user to enter enough information so that the system can match any medical equipment, material, medicine, procedure, product, etc. to a specific code (e.g. , an ICD-10 code) relating to a fee.
- a specific code e.g. , an ICD-10 code
- the described systems can generate patient billing records in near real-time or at any other suitable time. Accordingly, the described systems can provide an easy way to generate bills during the diagnosis and/or treatment process. Additionally, because some embodiments save diagnosis and ICD code information, such information can automatically become part of the patient's medical history and can be reviewed on demand.
- some embodiments of the described systems and methods include a cache that allows the user to quickly navigate to specific categories and subcategories of a patients' medical information without being required to drill up or down through each of the various levels of the patient's information.
- the cache may be organized in any suitable manner, including by retaining a link to information that: was most-recently visited, is related to a key indicator of the patient's health, is related to the highest and/or lowest rating information for a particular category/subcategory, the user deems important, is related to a particular diagnosis or treatment, etc. Accordingly, while the user may need to drill down through various levels during an initial diagnosis or review, the cache can allow the user to skip such steps later on.
- the described systems and methods for graphically conveying patient medical information display one or more graphical representations of the potential improvement, progress, and/or deterioration a patient may see (also called potential status), based upon one or more specific treatments, procedures, weight loss techniques, medications, counseling, and/or other actions or inactions.
- the systems can display any suitable representation that illustrates potential improvement, progress, deterioration, etc.
- the graphical representation can include a line graph including a line that indicates the patient's potential improvement (e.g. , lung capacity after stopping smoking), an illustration showing how the patient's body may improve (e.g.
- a rendering of the patient as the patient loses weight a depiction of how a joint's range of motion may improve, or any other graphical representation showing the patient' s potential status.
- the described systems can help the patient see potential improvement and can otherwise motivate the patient to improve one or more aspects of his or her health.
- the systems and methods also illustrate, compare, and/or contrast the patient's actual status.
- the systems and methods may illustrate, compare, and/or contrast the patient's actual status with the patient' s potential status in any suitable manner.
- the systems and methods can include a line graph, bar graph, pie chart, etc. that illustrates one or more aspects of the patient' s potential health status and the patient's actual health status; a depiction that indicates the patient' s potential range of limb movement (e.g.
- Figure 16 shows a line graph 300 depicting a first line 302, representing the patient' s actual lung capacity after smoking, compared with a second line 304, representing the proposed lung capacity.
- some embodiments of the described systems and methods allow a user to upload and/or update patient medical information in near real-time. Accordingly, such embodiments can provide the user with a near real-time analysis of the patient' s information. Additionally, in some embodiments, as the user enters information, the system asks the user additional questions to help diagnose the patient, determine the best method for treatment, or otherwise help improve the patient's medical experience. In other embodiments, as information is entered into the system, the system provides the user (e.g.
- a patient's medical information may be available to more than one user at a time and may be accessed from many different physical locations. Accordingly, the described systems and methods can allow for collaborative efforts between users (e.g. , physicians) and can easily allow a wide range of users to provide and/or access a cumulative perspective of the patient's health.
- embodiments of the present invention relate to graphically representing aspects of an individual for rapidly conveying information about that individual, wherein the information can be anywhere from a macro level of the individual to a micro level of the individual, and wherein the various levels can be drilled up to convey broader information and drilled down to convey more focused, narrow, or specific information.
- embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for graphically displaying and navigating through information, and more particularly to graphical methods and systems for rapidly conveying information, such as medical information.
- the described systems are used to graphically convey maintenance information about a vehicle.
- maintenance information may be used broadly to refer to error codes, damaged parts, vehicle make, vehicle model, year, miles, and any other information relevant to the repair or maintenance of a vehicle.
- the system can provide one or more graphical representations (e.g. , bar graphs, pie charts, tree structures, progress forms, etc. of various categories and subcategories of the maintenance information) in a manner similar to that described above to help diagnose problems, fix the vehicle, charge for parts and services, and to otherwise help improve the maintenance/repair process.
- the described systems are used to graphically convey educational information relating to one or more students' education.
- the term educational information may be used broadly herein to refer to one or more students' grades, levels of education, transcripts, majors, and any other information relevant to the students' education.
- the system can provide one or more graphical representations (e.g. , bar graphs, pie charts, tree structures, progress forms, etc. of various categories and subcategories of the student' s educational information) in a manner similar to that described above, to help diagnose problems in the student' s education, direct the student towards graduation, charge for classes, and to otherwise help improve the student' s educational process.
- the described systems are used to graphically convey inventory/sales information.
- inventory/sales information may be used broadly herein to refer to one or more inventory levels, prices, sale reports, and any other information relevant to inventory and sales.
- the system can provide one or more graphical representations (e.g. , bar graphs, pie charts, tree structures, progress forms, etc. of various categories and subcategories of the maintenance information) in a manner similar to that described above, to help diagnose shortages or overages in inventory, ways to improve sales, reasons for deficiencies in sales, and to otherwise help improve the process of selling or controlling inventory.
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- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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CA2876830A CA2876830A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-15 | Systems and methods for graphically conveying information |
EP12800620.2A EP2721518A4 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-15 | Systems and methods for graphically conveying information |
AU2012271417A AU2012271417A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-15 | Systems and methods for graphically conveying information |
ZA2014/00291A ZA201400291B (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2014-01-14 | Systems and methods for graphically conveying information |
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US8538796B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2013-09-17 | The Parkland Group, Inc. | Method for measuring and improving organization effectiveness |
US20100017755A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Rasmussen G Lynn | Systems and methods for graphically conveying patient medical information |
US8478607B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-07-02 | Accelero Health Partners, Llc | Hospital service line management tool |
US9070134B2 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2015-06-30 | Csrhub Llc | Systems, methods, and media for evaluating companies based on social performance |
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WO2012174450A3 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
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EP2721518A2 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
AU2012271417A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
NZ619780A (en) | 2016-01-29 |
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